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Bao W, Gu G, Wu J, Gu YC, Zhao Y. Detection and Identification of Nitrile Compounds via Recognition-Enabled Chromatographic 19F NMR. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4463-4468. [PMID: 38462969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The surge in applications of nitrile compounds across diverse fields, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and functional materials, necessitates the development of rapid and efficient detection and identification methods. In this study, we introduce a chemosensing strategy employing a novel 19F-labeled probe, facilitating swift and accurate analysis of a broad spectrum of nitrile-containing analytes. This approach leverages the reversible interaction between the 19F-labeled probe and the analytes to produce chromatogram-like outputs, ensuring the precise identification of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides within complex matrices. Additionally, this dynamic system offers a versatile platform to investigate through-space 19F-19F interactions, showcasing its potential for future applications in mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangxing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Men X, Han X, Oh G, Im JH, Lim JS, Cho GH, Choi SI, Lee OH. Plant sources, extraction techniques, analytical methods, bioactivity, and bioavailability of sulforaphane: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:539-556. [PMID: 38274178 PMCID: PMC10805900 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate commonly found in cruciferous vegetables. It is formed via the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase. SFN exerts various biological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects, and is widely used in functional foods and clinical medicine. However, the structure of SFN is unstable and easily degradable, and its production is easily affected by temperature, pH, and enzyme activity, which limit its application. Hence, several studies are investigating its physicochemical properties, stability, and biological activity to identify methods to increase its content. This article provides a comprehensive review of the plant sources, extraction and analysis techniques, in vitro and in vivo biological activities, and bioavailability of SFN. This article highlights the importance and provides a reference for the research and application of SFN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - June seok Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun hee Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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3
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Ligor M, Szultka-Młyńska M, Rafińska K, Cwudzińska A. Comparative Studies of Extracts Obtained from Brassica oleracea L. Plants at Different Stages of Growth by Isolation and Determination of Isothiocyanates: An Assessment of Chemopreventive Properties of Broccoli. Molecules 2024; 29:519. [PMID: 38276596 PMCID: PMC11154519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to develop analytical procedures for the isolation and determination of selected isothiocyanates. As an example, particularly sulforaphane from plants of the Brassicaceae Burnett or Cruciferae Juss family. The applied methodology was mainly based on classical extraction methods and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the release of isothiocyanates from plant cells was considered. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained plant extracts against a selected cancer cell line has also been included. The results allow evaluating the usefulness of obtained plant extracts and raw sprouts regarding their content of isothiocyanates-bioactive compounds with chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ligor
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (K.R.); (A.C.)
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4
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Hagagy N, AbdElgawad H. Rapeseed plant: biostimulation effects of plant growth-promoting Actinobacteria on metabolites and antioxidant defense system under elevated CO 2 conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:51-62. [PMID: 37551636 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study set out to evaluate the potential of plant growth-promoting Actinobacteria (PGPB) in improving some physiological and molecular parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions by assessing some nitrogen- and sulfur-containing metabolites, antioxidant defense system and antimicrobial activity. With this aim, a pot experiment was conducted where the rapeseed plants were treated with Actinobacterium sp. strain NCO2 (OQ451136) and were grown under two levels of air CO2 concentrations: ambient CO2 (aCO2 , 410 μmol CO2 mol-1 ); and elevated CO2 (eCO2 , 710 μmol CO2 mol-1 ). RESULTS There was an increase in the photosynthetic pigments (+35-80%) and photosynthesis rate (+20-34%) in PGPB-treated plants under eCO2 compared to control plants, resulting in further growth and biomass production (+53-294%). These results were associated with an enhancement in the content of total antioxidant capacity (+15-128%), polyphenols (+21-126%) and α-tocopherols (+20-138%) under both eCO2 and PGPB application (in combination or individual application), while only the combined treatment (eCO2 + PGPB) led to a significantly higher accumulation of antioxidant enzymes (+88-197%), β-tocopherols (+177%) and flavonoids (+155%). Moreover, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing metabolites (glucosinolates and amino acids) were improved by PGPB treatment and/or CO2 levels, in which PGPB increased the amino acid-derived glucosinolate induction by eCO2 with low levels of effective sulforaphane. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the interaction effects of beneficial Actinobacteria and eCO2 are expected to boost the level of antioxidant molecules and to have a helpful role in improving plant biomass and adaptability to complicated climate changes in the future. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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Singla RK, Wang X, Gundamaraju R, Joon S, Tsagkaris C, Behzad S, Khan J, Gautam R, Goyal R, Rakmai J, Dubey AK, Simal-Gandara J, Shen B. Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11880-11924. [PMID: 35838143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression. On top of these, breast microbiota includes both species with an immunomodulatory activity enhancing the host's response against cancer cells and species producing proinflammatory cytokines associated with BC development. Identification of novel multitargeted therapeutic agents with poly-pharmacological potential is a dire need to combat advanced and metastatic BC. A growing body of research has emphasized the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants and microbial species as complementary BC treatment regimens, including dietary supplements and probiotics. In particular, extracts from plants such as Artemisia monosperma Delile, Origanum dayi Post, Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson and metabolites extracted from microbes such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Streptomycetes strains as well as probiotics like Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus brevis MK05 have exhibited antitumor effects in the form of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, increase in tumors' chemosensitivity, antioxidant activity and modulation of BC - associated molecular pathways. Further, bioactive compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, rutin, resveratrol, lycopene, sulforaphane, silibinin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin are of special interest for the researchers and clinicians because these natural agents have multimodal action and act via multiple ways in managing the BC and most of these agents are regularly available in our food and fruit diets. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects. We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management. The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Jaruporn Rakmai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Li R, Chen S, Li Y, Chen X, Ye BC. Development of a "Turn off-on" whole-cell biosensor for sulforaphane detection based on the ultrasensitive activator HrpRS. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:798-810. [PMID: 36070874 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a defense secondary metabolite, can be used to predict the health status of plants and also has pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The detection of SFN is therefore of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, a "Turn off" whole-cell biosensor that can rapidly and robustly respond to the presence of SFN was constructed based on the orthogonal genetic components (hrpR, hrpS, and PhrpL ) of Pseudomonas syringae (PS). The final optimized biosensor, p114(30R-30S), was able to inhibit 91.7% of the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 100-μM SFN. Subsequently, a HrpRS-regulated OFF-ON genetic switch was designed by reconstituting a reverse σ70 promoter on the σ54 -PhrpL promoter sequence; this was coupled with dual-color reporter genes to construct a "Turn off-on" whole-cell SFN biosensor. The PhrpLB variant increased the expression of green fluorescence a factor of 11.9 and reduced the expression of red fluorescence by 85.8% compared with the system in the absence of SFN. Thus, a robust switching of signal output from "turn off" to "turn on" was realized. In addition, the biosensor showed good linearity in the SFN concentration ranges of 0.1-10 μM (R2 = 0.99429) and 10-100 μM (R2 = 0.99465) and a detection limit of ⁓0.1 μM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shengyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.,Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.,Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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7
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Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Deligiorgi MV, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Assessment of Methodological Pipelines for the Determination of Isothiocyanates Derived from Natural Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040642. [PMID: 35453327 PMCID: PMC9029005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are biologically active secondary metabolites liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of their sulfur enriched precursors, glucosinolates, upon tissue plant disruption. The importance of this class of compounds lies in their capacity to induce anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other bioactive properties. As such, their isolation from natural sources is of utmost importance. In this review article, an extensive examination of the various parameters (hydrolysis, extraction, and quantification) affecting the isolation of isothiocyanates from naturally-derived sources is presented. Overall, the effective isolation/extraction and quantification of isothiocyanate is strongly associated with their chemical and physicochemical properties, such as polarity-solubility as well as thermal and acidic stability. Furthermore, the successful activation of myrosinase appears to be a major factor affecting the conversion of glucosinolates into active isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22392626
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8
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Current Methods for the Extraction and Analysis of Isothiocyanates and Indoles in Cruciferous Vegetables. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are characterized by the presence of sulfur-containing secondary plant metabolites known as glucosinolates (GLS). The consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, rocket salad, and cauliflower has been related to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Their beneficial effects are attributed to the enzymatic degradation products of GLS, e.g., isothiocyanates and indoles. Owing to these properties, there has been a shift in the last few years towards the research of these compounds and a wide range of methods for their extraction and analytical determination have been developed. The aim of this review is to present the sample preparation and extraction procedures of isothiocyanates and indoles from cruciferous vegetables and the analytical methods for their determination. The majority of the references that have been reviewed are from the last decade. Although efforts towards the application of eco-friendly non-conventional extraction methods have been made, the use of conventional solvent extraction is mainly applied. The major analytical techniques employed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of isothiocyanates and indoles are high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with or without mass spectrometry detection. Nevertheless, the analytical determination of isothiocyanates presents several problems due to their instability and the absence of chromophores, making the simultaneous determination of isothiocyanates and indoles a challenging task.
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9
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Shin KO, Park K. A Newly Developed HPLC-UV/Vis Method Using Chemical Derivatization with 2-Naphthalenethiol for Quantitation of Sulforaphane in Rat Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:5473. [PMID: 34576944 PMCID: PMC8467300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, has received significant attention because of its ability to modulate multiple biological functions, including anti-carcinogenic properties. However, currently available analytical methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/Vis for the quantification of SFN have a number of limitations, e.g., low UV absorbance, sensitivity, or accuracy, due to the lack of a chromophore for spectrometric detection. Therefore, we here employed the analytical derivatization procedure using 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NT) to improve the detectability of SFN, followed by HPLC separation and quantification with UV/Vis detection. The optimal derivatization conditions were carried out with 0.3 M of 2-NT in acetonitrile with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) by incubation at 37 °C for 60 min. Separation was performed in reverse phase mode using a Kinetex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase A, and acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid solution as a mobile phase B with a gradient elution, with a detection wavelength of 234 nm. The method was validated over a linear range of 10-2000 ng/mL with a correlation of determination (R2) > 0.999 using weighted linear regression analysis. The intra- and inter-assay accuracy (% of nominal value) and precision (% of relative standard deviation) were within ±10 and <15%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity, recovery, matrix effect, process efficiency, and short-term and long-term stabilities of this method were within acceptable limits. Finally, we applied this method for studying in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) following oral administration of SFN at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg. The Cmax (μg/mL), Tmax (hour), and AUC0-12h (μg·h/mL) of each oral dose were 0.92, 1.99, and 4.88 and 1.67, 1.00, and 9.85, respectively. Overall, the proposed analytical method proved to be reliable and applicable for quantification of SFN in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Oh Shin
- LaSS Lipid Institute (LLI), LaSS Inc., Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, and Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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10
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Wu X, Pehrsson PR. Current Knowledge and Challenges on the Development of a Dietary Glucosinolate Database in the United States. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab102. [PMID: 34458665 PMCID: PMC8386921 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of cancer chemopreventive sulfur-containing compounds found primarily in Brassica vegetables. The goals of this study were to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the challenges of developing a dietary GSL database for US foods. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1980-2020. Thirty articles were found to meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 GSLs were reported in 16 different vegetables. GSLs identified and quantified ranged from 3 for winter cress to 16 for cabbage. In general, the experimental designs of these 30 studies did not fully consider the factors related to the data quality. Enormous variations of GSLs are observed between different vegetables and in the same vegetables. In conclusion, the studies on GSLs in commonly consumed vegetables are still limited, and some data may be outdated. Currently available data are not sufficient to develop a valid GSL database in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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11
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Almuhayawi SM, Almuhayawi MS, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Hassan AHA. Effect of Laser Light on Growth, Physiology, Accumulation of Phytochemicals, and Biological Activities of Sprouts of Three Brassica Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6240-6250. [PMID: 34033484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassica sprouts are known as a good source of antimicrobial bioactive compounds such as phenolics and glucosinolates (GLs). We aim at understanding how He-Ne laser light treatment (632 nm, 5 mW) improves sprout growth and physiology and stimulates the accumulation of bioactive metabolites in three Brassica spp., i.e., mustard, cauliflower, and turnip. Moreover, how these changes consequently promote their biological activities. Laser light improved growth, photosynthesis, and respiration, which induced the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites. Laser light boosted the levels of pigments, phenolics, and indole and aromatic precursors of GLs, which resulted in increased total GLs and glucoraphanin contents. Moreover, laser light induced the myrosinase activity to provoke GLs hydrolysis to bioactive sulforaphane. Interestingly, laser light also reduced the anti-nutrient content and enhanced the overall biological activities of treated sprouts including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Accordingly, laser light is a promising approach for boosting the accumulation of beneficial metabolites in Brassica sprouts and, subsequently, their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, P.O. 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahim H A Hassan
- Department of Food Safety & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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12
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Xu X, Bi S, Lao F, Chen F, Liao X, Wu J. Induced changes in bioactive compounds of broccoli juices after fermented by animal- and plant-derived Pediococcus pentosaceus. Food Chem 2021; 357:129767. [PMID: 33892355 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the metabolism of bioactive compounds in broccoli juice fermented by animal- and plant-derived Pediococcus pentosaceus, levels of glucosinolates (GS), sulforaphane, and sulforaphane-nitrile; activity of myrosinase; and profiles of organic acids, vitamins, and amino acids were determined. Three aliphatic GS and four indolyl GS were identified. After fermentation by plant- and animal-derived P. pentosaceus, myrosinase activity, contents of total GS and sulforaphane nitrile, and levels of malic acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, and thiamine significantly decreased in pasteurized broccoli juice, whereas levels of sulforaphane, lactic acid, and citric acid significantly increased. Fermentation by plant-derived P. pentosaceus decreased levels of riboflavin and β-carotene and increased total levels of free amino acids, in contrast to the trends observed in broccoli juice after fermentation by animal-derived P. pentosaceus. This study indicates that P. pentosaceus may potentially be used in starter cultures to improve the nutritional and functional properties of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Bi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Lao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Almuhayawi MS, AbdElgawad H, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Hassan AHA, Khamis G. Elevated CO 2 improves glucosinolate metabolism and stimulates anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of broccoli sprouts. Food Chem 2020; 328:127102. [PMID: 32512468 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting process enhances plant bioactive compounds. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L) sprouts are well known for their high levels of glucosinolates (GLs), amino acids, and antioxidants, which offer outstanding biological activities with positive impacts on plant metabolism. Elevated CO2 (eCO2, 620 ppm) was applied for 9 days to further improve nutritive and health-promoting values of three cultivars of broccoli sprouts i.e., Southern star, Prominence and Monotop. eCO2 improved sprouts growth and induced GLs accumulation e.g., glucoraphanin, possibly through amino acids production e.g., high methionine and tryptophan. There were increases in myrosinase activity, which stimulated GLs hydrolysis to yield health-promoting sulforaphane. Interestingly, low levels of ineffective sulforaphane nitrile were detected and positively correlated with reduced epithiospecifier protein after eCO2 treatment. High glucoraphanin and sulforaphane levels in eCO2 treated sprouts improved the anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of their extracts. In conclusion, eCO2 treatment enriches broccoli sprouts with health-promoting metabolites and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. 2014, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahim H A Hassan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Galal Khamis
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture (LAMPA), National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Andini S, Araya-Cloutier C, Sanders M, Vincken JP. Simultaneous Analysis of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates by Reversed-Phase Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electron Spray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3121-3131. [PMID: 32053364 PMCID: PMC7068719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method to simultaneously analyze various glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) by reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs. It involved derivatization of ITCs with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The limits of detection were 0.4-1.6 μM for GSLs and 0.9-2.6 μM for NAC-ITCs. The analysis of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, and Brassica juncea extracts spiked with 14 GSLs and 15 ITCs indicated that the method generally had good intraday (≤10% RSD) and interday precisions (≤16% RSD). Recovery of the method was unaffected by the extracts and within 71-110% for GSLs and 66-122% for NAC-ITCs. The method was able to monitor the enzymatic hydrolysis of standard GSLs to ITCs in mixtures. Furthermore, GSLs and ITCs were simultaneously determined in Brassicaceae plant extracts before and after myrosinase treatment. This method can be applied to further investigate the enzymatic conversion of GSLs to ITCs in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andini
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Sanders
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Measuring Sulforaphane and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma: A High Throughput Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040829. [PMID: 32070059 PMCID: PMC7070302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing understanding of the potential health benefits of cruciferous vegetables. In particular sulforaphane (SFN), found in broccoli, and its metabolites sulforaphane-glutathione (SFN-GSH), sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys), sulforaphane cysteine-glycine (SFN-CG) and sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine (SFN-NAC) have potent antioxidant effects that may offer therapeutic value. Clinical investigation of sulforaphane as a therapeutic antioxidant requires a sensitive and high throughput process for quantification of sulforaphane and metabolites; (2) Methods: We collected plasma samples from healthy human volunteers before and for eight hours after consumption of a commercial broccoli extract supplement rich in sulforaphane. A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) has been developed; (3) Results: The LC–MS analytical method was validated at concentrations ranging between 3.9 nM and 1000 nM for SFN-GSH, SFN-CG, SFN-Cys and SFN-NAC and between 7.8 nM and 1000 nM in human plasma for SFN. The method displayed good accuracy (1.85%–14.8% bias) and reproducibility (below 9.53 %RSD) including low concentrations 3.9 nM and 7.8 nM. Four SFN metabolites quantitation was achieved using external standard calibration and in SFN quantitation, SFN-d8 internal standardization was used. The reported method can accurately quantify sulforaphane and its metabolites at low concentrations in plasma; (4) Conclusions: We have established a time- and cost-efficient method of measuring sulforaphane and its metabolites in human plasma suitable for high throughput application to clinical trials.
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16
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Sangkret S, Pongmalai P, Devahastin S, Chiewchan N. Enhanced production of sulforaphane by exogenous glucoraphanin hydrolysis catalyzed by myrosinase extracted from Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis). Sci Rep 2019; 9:9882. [PMID: 31285497 PMCID: PMC6614463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane formation via endogenous route is known to be less effective. Exogenous hydrolysis of the sulforaphane precursor is therefore of interest. Here, myrosinase activity was first determined to identify a suitable source of the enzyme from selected Brassica vegetables. Extracted enzyme was then evaluated for its thermal stability to establish a condition for extraction. Chinese flowering cabbage was selected as the source of myrosinase; suitable extraction condition was at 40 °C for 90 min. Enzyme extract was used to hydrolyze glucoraphanin standard into sulforaphane at 30 °C and pH 6. Exogenous hydrolysis reached the equilibrium with the reverse reaction after 30 min; sulforaphane concentration remained unchanged afterward. Molar fractional conversion of glucoraphanin into sulforaphane at 30-min hydrolysis was around 48%. In comparison with exogenous hydrolysis by myrosinase extracted from broccoli, which indeed exhibits higher activity than the enzyme extracted from Chinese flowering cabbage, no conversion of glucoraphanin into sulforaphane was unexpectedly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakarn Sangkret
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Patsaporn Pongmalai
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
| | - Naphaporn Chiewchan
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Tungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
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17
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Hafezian SM, Azizi SN, Biparva P, Bekhradnia A. High-efficiency purification of sulforaphane from the broccoli extract by nanostructured SBA-15 silica using solid-phase extraction method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:1-10. [PMID: 30660041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a promising phytochemical, has received much attention in recent decades as a potential anticarcinogenic compound. In this research work, a novel, specific and affordable method has been developed for the separation and purification of natural sulforaphane from broccoli extract using SBA-15 mesoporous silica. SBA-15 was found to be the most efficient in the purification of sulforaphane compared to some of the conventionally used adsorbents and zeolites. The nanoparticles of SBA-15 mesoporous silica were synthesized using the hydrothermal method from natural amorphous silica extracted from rice husk ash with a silica purity of 96%. Structural and morphological analysis of the synthesized SBA-15 mesoporous silica were performed by the XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and BET techniques. The method includes the primary immiscible solvent extraction of autolyzed broccoli sample with dichloromethane, followed by purification of the extract by SBA-15 mesoporous silica using solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. The recovery of the purified sulforaphane from broccoli extract was >98% using SBA-15 mesoporous silica, which is higher compared to that obtained using current purification methods. The highest purity of sulforaphane product was measured 94% based on the results of analytical HPLC chromatograms. Moreover, the effects of different parameters on the sulforaphane purification by using SBA-15 were studied and optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Hafezian
- Analytical Division, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Seyed Naser Azizi
- Analytical Division, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, 47416-95447 Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Pourya Biparva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
| | - Ahmadreza Bekhradnia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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18
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Li L, Song S, Nirasawa S, Hung YC, Jiang Z, Liu H. Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water Treatment Enhances the Main Bioactive Phytochemicals Content in Broccoli Sprouts via Changing Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:606-614. [PMID: 30576129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the content of bioactive phytochemicals in the broccoli sprouts subjected to different slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) treatments were investigated in the present study. The highest sulforaphane amount in broccoli sprouts treated with SAEW with an available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50 mg/L was 11.49 mg/g in dry weight (DW), which increased by 61.2% compared to the control. SAEW treatment enhanced the sulforaphane content mainly by increasing the glucoraphanin (GRA) concentration due to the promotion of methionine metabolism and increased myrosinase activities. In addition, the relative anthocyanin contents of light-germinated broccoli under SAEW 50 treatment were 2.03 times that of broccoli sprouts with tap water treatment, and these contents were associated with an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities and phenylalanine participation in biosynthesis. In summary, SAEW promotes metabolism to induce the accumulation of bioactive compounds in broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center , National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables , Beijing 100045 , China
| | - Satoru Nirasawa
- Biological Resources and Postharvest Division , Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science , Ibaraki 305-8686 , Japan
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Georgia , Griffin , Georgia 30223 , United States
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Haijie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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19
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Che C, Li Y, Liang X, Gong Z, Liu J, Yang G. A Novel Biodegradable Hollow Nanocarrier Consisting Superparamagnetic Fe 3O 4-loaded poly-γ- glutamic Acid and Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Targeted Delivery of Sulforaphane from Broccoli Seed Extracts. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Li
- Collage of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Collage of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Zhijin Gong
- Collage of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Collage of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
| | - Ge Yang
- Collage of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University
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20
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García-Saldaña JS, Campas-Baypoli ON, Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J. Separation and purification of sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane) from broccoli seeds by consecutive steps of adsorption-desorption-bleaching. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Bello C, Maldini M, Baima S, Scaccini C, Natella F. Glucoraphanin and sulforaphane evolution during juice preparation from broccoli sprouts. Food Chem 2018; 268:249-256. [PMID: 30064754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are considered functional food as they are naturally enriched in glucoraphanin (GR) that is the biological precursor of the anticancer compound sulforaphane (SFN). Due to its health promoting value, also broccoli sprout juice is becoming very popular. The present study aimed to quantitatively assess the conversion of GR to its hydrolysis products, SFN and SFN-nitrile, during the juice preparation process. We demonstrated that SFN plus SFN-nitrile yield from glucoraphanin is quite low (≈25%) and that some SFN is lost during the juice preparation partially due to the spontaneous conversion to sulforaphane-amine or conjugation to GSH and proteins naturally present in the juice. Our results demonstrate that the detection of the sole SFN free form does not provide reliable information about the real concentration of this functional compound in the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bello
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Maldini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Baima
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy.
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22
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Effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on bioactive compounds and morphology of broccoli sprouts. Food Res Int 2018; 105:102-109. [PMID: 29433193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The producers of broccoli sprouts have become increasingly interested in improving their sulforaphane content. This study has evaluated the effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with different available chlorine concentrations (ACC) on broccoli sprouts: their content of some bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, their morphology, and their total bacterial counts. The results have shown that SAEW might affect the content of sulforaphane by influencing the content of glucosinolates and the activity of myrosinase. SAEW inhibited the growth of broccoli sprouts: their fresh weight decreased as the available chlorine concentration (ACC) of the SAEW increased, but the different solutions did not affect their dry weight. The number of microorganisms on the broccoli sprout decreased by 1.71logCFU/g after using the SAEW with ACC value of 50mg/L treatment compared with tap water treatment. Overall, although SAEW adversely affected the morphology of broccoli sprouts, with a suitable ACC it can be a useful tool for enhancing the amount of secondary metabolites and reducing the microbial counts on broccoli sprouts intended for fresh consumption as a functional food.
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23
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Westphal A, Riedl KM, Cooperstone JL, Kamat S, Balasubramaniam VM, Schwartz SJ, Böhm V. High-Pressure Processing of Broccoli Sprouts: Influence on Bioactivation of Glucosinolates to Isothiocyanates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8578-8585. [PMID: 28929757 PMCID: PMC7104659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effects of high-pressure processing (HPP, 100-600 MPa for 3 min at 30 °C) on the glucosinolate content, conversion to isothiocyanates, and color changes during storage in fresh broccoli sprouts were investigated. A mild heat treatment (60 °C) and boiling (100 °C) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Glucosinolates were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and isothiocyanates were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. A formation of isothiocyanates was observed in all high-pressure-treated sprouts. The highest degree of conversion (85%) was observed after the 600 MPa treatment. Increased isothiocyanate formation at 400-600 MPa suggests an inactivation of the epithiospecifier protein. During storage, color changed from green to brownish, reflected by increasing a* values and decreasing L* values. This effect was less pronounced for sprouts treated at 100 and 600 MPa, indicating an influence on the responsible enzymes. In summary, HPP had no negative effects on the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in broccoli sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Westphal
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kenneth M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shreya Kamat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - V. M. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding Author: Telephone: +49-3641-949633. Fax: +49-3641-949702.
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24
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Wu Y, Liu J, Gu S, Lin L, Chen Y, Ma M, Chen B. Orthogonal strategy development using reversed macroporous resin coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the separation of ginsenosides from ginseng root extract. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4128-4134. [PMID: 28838032 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides have been widely conceded as having various biological activities and are considered to be the active ingredient of ginseng. Nowadays, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography is considered to be a highly efficient method for ginseng saponins purification and preparation. However, in the process of practical application, due to the complex and varied composition of natural products and relatively simple pretreatment process, it is likely to block the chromatographic column and affect the separation efficiency and its service life. In this work, an orthogonal strategy was developed; in the first-dimension separation, reverse-phase macroporous resin was applied to remove impurities in ginseng crude extracts and classified ginseng extracts into protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol fractions. In the second-dimension separation, the obtained fractions were further separated by a preparative hydrophilic column, and finally yielded 11 pure compounds. Eight of them identified as ginsenoside Rh1 , Rg2 , Rd, Rc, Rb2 , Rb1 , Rg1 , and Re by standards comparison and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The purity of these ginsenosides was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, P.R. China
| | - Su Gu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
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25
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Revelou P, Kokotou M, Pappas C, Constantinou-Kokotou V. Direct determination of total isothiocyanate content in broccoli using attenuated total reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shams R, Abu-Khudir R, Ali EM. Sulforaphane, polyphenols and related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities changes of Egyptian broccoli during growth. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kokotou MG, Revelou PK, Pappas C, Constantinou-Kokotou V. High resolution mass spectrometry studies of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in broccoli. Food Chem 2017; 237:566-573. [PMID: 28764036 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Among them, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol have attracted a lot of attention, since their consumption is associated with reduced risk of cancer. In this work, the development of an efficient and direct method for the simultaneous determination of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol in broccoli using UPLC-HRMS/MS is described. The correlation coefficient, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.993, 0.77mg/L and 2.35mg/L for sulforaphane and 0.997, 0.42mg/L, 1.29mg/L for indole-3-carbinol, respectively. The content of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol varied between 72±9-304±2mg and 77±1-117±3mg per 100g of fresh florets, respectively. Taking into consideration the differences in cultivar, geography, season and environmental factors, the results agreed with values published in the literature using other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroula G Kokotou
- Chemical Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pappas
- Chemical Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Boonloed A, Weber GL, Ramzy KM, Dias VR, Remcho VT. Centrifugal partition chromatography: A preparative tool for isolation and purification of xylindein from Chlorociboria aeruginosa. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1478:19-25. [PMID: 27919517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method was developed for the preparative-scale isolation and purification of xylindein from the wood-staining fungi, Chlorociboria aeruginosa. Xylindein, a blue-green pigment naturally secreted from the hyphae and fruiting bodies of the fungus, has great value in the decorative wood industry and textile coloration. Xylindein has great potential for use as a fluorescent labeling agent as well as in organic semiconductor applications. However, a primary limitation of xylindein is its poor solubility in most common HPLC solvents. Consequently, it is arduous to purify using preparative liquid chromatography or solid-phase extraction (SPE). Support-free, liquid-liquid chromatographic methods, including CPC, where solutes are separated based on their different distribution coefficients (KD) between two immiscible solvent systems, are promising alternatives for the purification of the compound on a preparative scale. In this work, a new biphasic solvent system suitable for CPC separation of xylindein was developed. Various groups of solvents were assessed for their suitability as xylindein extractants. A new solvent system suitable for CPC separation of xylindein, composed of heptane/THF/MEK/acetonitrile/acetic acid/water, was developed. This solvent system yielded a KD value for xylindein of 1.54±0.04, as determined by HPLC (n=3). The compositions of the upper phase and lower phase of the solvent system were determined by Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR and proton NMR. A CPC system, equipped with a fraction collector, was used for the isolation of xylindein from crude extracts. The xylindein fractions isolated by the CPC were then analyzed using HPLC and presented as a fractogram. Based on the CPC fractogram, the purified xylindein fractions were achieved after 30min CPC separation time, yielding 71% extraction efficiency. The developed CPC method allowed for isolation of this naturally sourced xylindein in amounts suitable for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Boonloed
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Genevieve L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kelly M Ramzy
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Veronica R Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vincent T Remcho
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Ares AM, Ayuso I, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Trace analysis of sulforaphane in bee pollen and royal jelly by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ares AM, Valverde S, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Bernal J. Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method to determine sulforaphane in honey. Food Chem 2015; 181:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bricker GV, Riedl KM, Ralston RA, Tober KL, Oberyszyn TM, Schwartz SJ. Isothiocyanate metabolism, distribution, and interconversion in mice following consumption of thermally processed broccoli sprouts or purified sulforaphane. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1991-2000. [PMID: 24975513 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Broccoli sprouts are a rich source of glucosinolates, a group of phytochemicals that when hydrolyzed, are associated with cancer prevention. Our objectives were to investigate the metabolism, distribution, and interconversion of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in mice fed thermally processed broccoli sprout powders (BSPs) or the purified ITC sulforaphane. METHODS AND RESULTS For 1 wk, mice were fed a control diet (n = 20) or one of four treatment diets (n = 10 each) containing nonheated BSP, 60°C mildly heated BSP, 5-min steamed BSP, or 3 mmol purified sulforaphane. Sulforaphane and erucin metabolite concentrations in skin, liver, kidney, bladder, lung, and plasma were quantified using HPLC-MS/MS. Thermal intensity of BSP processing had disparate effects on ITC metabolite concentrations upon consumption. Mild heating generally resulted in the greatest ITC metabolite concentrations in vivo, followed by the nonheated and steamed BSP diets. We observed interconversion between sulforaphane and erucin species or metabolites, and report that erucin is the favored form in liver, kidney, and bladder, even when only sulforaphane is consumed. CONCLUSION ITC metabolites were distributed to all tissues analyzed, suggesting the potential for systemic benefits. We report for the first time tissue-dependent ratio of sulforaphane and erucin, though further investigation is warranted to assess biological activity of individual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory V Bricker
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Glucosinolates, myrosinase hydrolysis products, and flavonols found in rocket (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4481-92. [PMID: 24773270 DOI: 10.1021/jf501096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rocket species have been shown to have very high concentrations of glucosinolates and flavonols, which have numerous positive health benefits with regular consumption. This review highlights how breeders and processors of rocket species can utilize genomic and phytochemical research to improve varieties and enhance the nutritive benefits to consumers. Plant breeders are increasingly looking to new technologies such as HPLC, UPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS to screen populations for their phytochemical content to inform plant selections. This paper collates the research that has been conducted to date in rocket and summarizes all glucosinolate and flavonol compounds identified in the species. The paper emphasizes the importance of the broad screening of populations for phytochemicals and myrosinase degradation products, as well as unique traits that may be found in underutilized gene bank resources. This review also stresses that collaboration with industrial partners is becoming essential for long-term plant breeding goals through research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and the Centre for Food Security, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
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Alvarez-Jubete L, Smyth TJ, Valverde J, Rai DK, Barry-Ryan C. Simultaneous determination of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile in Brassica vegetables using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:141-146. [PMID: 24449540 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several analytical methods exist for the determination of sulphoraphane or sulphoraphane nitrile from biological matrices and plant extracts. However, no UPLC-MS/MS method exists for the simultaneous detection of both. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile from Brassica oleracea L. ssp. italica METHODS This method was developed utilising an Acquity BEH C8 column with gradient elution combined with tandem mass spectrometry, using positive electrospray ionisation in multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The retention times for sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile were 0.4 and 0.6 min respectively, and total run time was 3 min. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and recovery. The method was employed to determine glucoraphanin hydrolysis products in broccoli and the predominant product was found to vary depending on the variety tested. It was also applied to the accurate determination of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile in broccoli samples hydrolysed under different conditions. It was observed that the formation of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile was influenced by the temperature of the reaction. CONCLUSION The validated UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of sulphoraphane and sulphoraphane nitrile was shown to be applicable to broccoli plants and is expected to be applicable to other cruciferous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alvarez-Jubete
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Choi WJ, Kim SK, Park HK, Sohn UD, Kim W. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Superbacterial Properties of Sulforaphane from Shepherd's Purse. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:33-9. [PMID: 24634594 PMCID: PMC3951821 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., has been considered a health food for centuries in Asia and is known to contain the isothiocyanate compound sulforaphane. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of a sulforaphane-containing solution (SCS) isolated from shepherd's purse. SCS had significant anti-inflammatory activity indicated by the decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and IL-10), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In addition, SCS decreased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels, which confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of SCS. Further, SCS inhibited vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Bacillus anthracis. The minimal inhibitory concentration was 250 µg/ml for VRE and 1,000 µg/ml for B. anthracis. Taken together, these data indicate that SCS has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties, and thus it can be used as a functional food or pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-861, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-861, Korea
| | - Hee Kuk Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-861, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-861, Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-861, Korea
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Optimized Formation, Extraction, and Determination of Sulforaphane in Broccoli by Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hur J, Yoo M, Shin DB, Lee S. Inhibition of nitric oxide production corresponds to the sulforaphane content in Korean sheperd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) and related species in BV-2 cell. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Development of a Novel Functional Soup Rich in Bioactive Sulforaphane Using Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. italica) Florets and Byproducts. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Ganin H, Rayo J, Amara N, Levy N, Krief P, Meijler MM. Sulforaphane and erucin, natural isothiocyanates from broccoli, inhibit bacterial quorum sensing. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane and erucin, two natural isothiocyanates that are highly abundant in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, were found to strongly inhibit quorum sensing and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Ganin
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Josep Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Neri Amara
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Niva Levy
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Pnina Krief
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Be'er-Sheva 84105
- Israel
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Wang GC, Farnham M, Jeffery EH. Impact of thermal processing on sulforaphane yield from broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. ssp. italica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6743-6748. [PMID: 22471240 DOI: 10.1021/jf2050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In broccoli, sulforaphane forms when the glucosinolate glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by the endogenous plant thiohydrolase myrosinase. A myrosinase cofactor directs hydrolysis away from the formation of bioactive sulforaphane and toward an inactive product, sulforaphane nitrile. The cofactor is more heat sensitive than myrosinase, presenting an opportunity to preferentially direct hydrolysis toward sulforaphane formation through regulation of thermal processing. Four broccoli cultivars were microwave heated, boiled, or steamed for various lengths of time. Production of nitrile during hydrolysis of unheated broccoli varied among cultivars from 91 to 52% of hydrolysis products (Pinnacle > Marathon > Patriot > Brigadier). Boiling and microwave heating caused an initial loss of nitrile, with a concomitant increase in sulforaphane, followed by loss of sulforaphane, all within 1 min. In contrast, steaming enhanced sulforaphane yield between 1.0 and 3.0 min in all but Brigadier. These data are proof of concept that steaming for 1.0-3.0 min provides less nitrile and more sulforaphane yield from a broccoli meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Azizi Naser S, Amiri-Besheli B, Sharifi-Mehr S. The Isolation and Determination of Sulforaphane from Broccoli Tissues by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201190143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liang H, Yuan Q. Natural sulforaphane as a functional chemopreventive agent: including a review of isolation, purification and analysis methods. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:218-34. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.604838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Health benefits and possible risks of broccoli - an overview. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3287-309. [PMID: 21906651 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemopreventive effects of broccoli, a highly valued vegetable, have been known for a long time. Several studies have demonstrated that broccoli might be beneficial by reducing the risk for the development of certain forms of cancer. These effects are generally attributed to glucosinolate-derived degradation products like isothiocyanates and indoles which are formed by the hydrolytic action of plant myrosinase and/or glucosidases deriving from the human microbial flora. However, recent in vitro and experimental animal studies indicate that broccoli, its extracts and the glucosinolate-derived degradation products might also have undesirable effects, especially genotoxic activities. However, the relevance of the genotoxic activities to human health is not known yet. This paper gives an overview on genotoxic, anti-genotoxic/chemopreventive, nutritive and antinutritive properties of broccoli, its ingredients and their degradation products. A qualitative comparison of the benefit and risk of broccoli consumption benefit-risk assessment shows that the benefit from intake in modest quantities and in processed form outweighs potential risks. For other preparations (fortified broccoli-based dietary supplements, diets with extraordinary high daily intake, consumption as a raw vegetable) further studies both for potential risks and beneficial effects are needed in order to assess the benefit and risk in the future.
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Separation and purification of sulforaphane from broccoli by solid phase extraction. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1854-61. [PMID: 21673926 PMCID: PMC3111637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the determination of sulforaphane in broccoli has been developed. The optimal conditions were found to be use of a silica SPE cartridge, and ethyl acetate and dichloromethane as washing and eluting solvents, respectively, which could eliminate interferences originating from the broccoli matrix. The extracts were sufficiently clean to be directly injected into high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for further chromatographic analysis. Good linearity was obtained from 0.05 to 200 μg/mL (r = 0.998) for sulforaphane with the relative standard deviations less than 3.6%. The mean recoveries of sulforaphane from broccoli were more than 90.8% and the detection limit (S/N = 3:1) was 0.02 μg/mL. The SPE method provides a higher yield of sulforaphane from crude extracts compared to conventional liquid-liquid extraction.
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Campas-Baypoli ON, Sánchez-Machado DI, Bueno-Solano C, Ramírez-Wong B, López-Cervantes J. HPLC method validation for measurement of sulforaphane level in broccoli by-products. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:387-92. [PMID: 19650149 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple and specific analytical method was developed and tested for the determination of sulforaphane in broccoli by-products. The method includes the optimization of the conversion of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane, followed by purification of extracts using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The response surface methodology was used to find optimum conditions for the preparation and purification procedure. Chromatographic conditions for reversed-phase HPLC with UV photodiode array detection were as follows: column, Exil ODS C(18), 25 x 0.46 cm, 5 microm; column temperature, 36 degrees C; mobile phase, a 30 : 70 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile:water; flow rate, 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was UV 202 nm. Under these conditions, excellent linearity was obtained (r(2) = 1), and the overall recovery was 97.5 and 98.1% for fresh florets and lyophilized florets, respectively. The precision results showed that the relative standard deviation of the repeatability for florets fresh and lyophilized was 3.0 and 4.0%, respectively. Sulforaphane contents were determined in the edible portion of fresh broccoli, and broccoli crop remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Campas-Baypoli
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 Sur, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
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Cwik MJ, Wu H, Muzzio M, McCormick DL, Kapetanovic I. Direct quantitation of glucoraphanin in dog and rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:544-9. [PMID: 20144518 PMCID: PMC2838987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method to quantify levels of the beta-thioglycoside N-hydroxyl sulfate, glucoraphanin, in dog and rat plasma to support pre-clinical toxicological and pharmacological studies has been developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Glucoraphanin was extracted from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) using a Luna 5microm Silica (2) 100A column (50mmx2.0mm) at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min. Solvent A consisted of 200mM ammonium acetate and formic acid (99:1, v/v) and Solvent B was acetonitrile. Initial conditions (90% Solvent B) were held for 0.01min after injection, decreased to 40% in 0.5min and held constant for 2.5min, returning to initial conditions for 3min (reequilibration time). Glucoraphanin was detected by MS/MS using a turbo ion spray interface as the ion source operating in negative ion mode. Acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode at m/z 435.8-->96.7. The method was validated for the calibration range 10-2000ng/mL. Within- and between-run precision for the low, mid and high QC levels was 8% R.S.D. or less and accuracy ranged from 100 to 113%. The lower limit of quantification was 10ng/mL; calibration curves encompassed the range of plasma concentrations expected to be found in bioavailability and pharmacokinetics studies with glucoraphanin. The method has successfully been applied to the determination of glucoraphanin in dog and rat plasma and should be extendable to other species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cwik
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, USA
| | - Huaping Wu
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, USA
| | - Miguel Muzzio
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, USA
| | - David L. McCormick
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 60616, USA
| | - Izet Kapetanovic
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Śmiechowska A, Bartoszek A, Namieśnik J. Determination of Glucosinolates and Their Decomposition Products—Indoles and Isothiocyanates in Cruciferous Vegetables. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2010.490489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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47
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Farag MA, Motaal AAA. Sulforaphane composition, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of crucifer vegetables. J Adv Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Williams DJ, Critchley C, Pun S, Chaliha M, O'Hare TJ. Differing mechanisms of simple nitrile formation on glucosinolate degradation in Lepidium sativum and Nasturtium officinale seeds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1401-9. [PMID: 19747700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing glycosides found in brassicaceous plants that can be hydrolysed enzymatically by plant myrosinase or non-enzymatically to form primarily isothiocyanates and/or simple nitriles. From a human health perspective, isothiocyanates are quite important because they are major inducers of carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes. Two of the most potent inducers are benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) present in garden cress (Lepidium sativum), and phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) present in watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Previous studies on these salad crops have indicated that significant amounts of simple nitriles are produced at the expense of the isothiocyanates. These studies also suggested that nitrile formation may occur by different pathways: (1) under the control of specifier protein in garden cress and (2) by an unspecified, non-enzymatic path in watercress. In an effort to understand more about the mechanisms involved in simple nitrile formation in these species, we analysed their seeds for specifier protein and myrosinase activities, endogenous iron content and glucosinolate degradation products after addition of different iron species, specific chelators and various heat treatments. We confirmed that simple nitrile formation was predominantly under specifier protein control (thiocyanate-forming protein) in garden cress seeds. Limited thermal degradation of the major glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin (benzyl glucosinolate), occurred when seed material was heated to >120 degrees C. In the watercress seeds, however, we show for the first time that gluconasturtiin (phenylethyl glucosinolate) undergoes a non-enzymatic, iron-dependent degradation to a simple nitrile. On heating the seeds to 120 degrees C or greater, thermal degradation of this heat-labile glucosinolate increased simple nitrile levels many fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Williams
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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Williams DJ, Critchley C, Pun S, Nottingham S, O'Hare TJ. Epithiospecifier protein activity in broccoli: the link between terminal alkenyl glucosinolates and sulphoraphane nitrile. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2765-73. [PMID: 18977005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical nature of the hydrolysis products from the glucosinolate-myrosinase system depends on the presence or absence of supplementary proteins, such as epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). ESPs (non-catalytic cofactors of myrosinase) promote the formation of epithionitriles from terminal alkenyl glucosinolates and as recent evidence suggests, simple nitriles at the expense of isothiocyanates. The ratio of ESP activity to myrosinase activity is crucial in determining the proportion of these nitriles produced on hydrolysis. Sulphoraphane, a major isothiocyanate produced in broccoli seedlings, has been found to be a potent inducer of phase 2 detoxification enzymes. However, ESP may also support the formation of the non-inductive sulphoraphane nitrile. Our objective was to monitor changes in ESP activity during the development of broccoli seedlings and link these activity changes with myrosinase activity, the level of terminal alkenyl glucosinolates and sulphoraphane nitrile formed. Here, for the first time, we show ESP activity increases up to day 2 after germination before decreasing again to seed activity levels at day 5. These activity changes paralleled changes in myrosinase activity and terminal alkenyl glucosinolate content. There is a significant relationship between ESP activity and the formation of sulforaphane nitrile in broccoli seedlings. The significance of these findings for the health benefits conferred by eating broccoli seedlings is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Williams
- The University of Queensland, School of Integrative Biology, Brisbane, Australia.
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