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Laurindo LF, Rodrigues VD, Minniti G, de Carvalho ACA, Zutin TLM, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A, Barbalho SM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) phytochemicals target the components of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109670. [PMID: 38768871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a multipurpose dietary and medicinal plant known for its ability to promote various health benefits. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder driving health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide. It may be characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This study aims to conduct a review of pomegranate's effects on MetS parameters using a mechanistic approach relying on pre-clinical studies. The peel, juice, roots, bark, seeds, flowers, and leaves of the fruit present several bioactive compounds that are related mainly to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as well as cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antiobesity effects. The use of the juice extract can work as a potent inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, consequently regulating blood pressure. The major bioactive compounds found within the fruit are phenolic compounds (hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids) and fatty acids. Alkaloids, punicalagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, luteolin, and punicic acid are also present. The antihyperglycemia, antihyperlipidemia, and weight loss promoting effects are likely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. When considering clinical application, pomegranate extracts are found to be frequently well-tolerated, further supporting its efficacy as a treatment modality. We suggest that pomegranate fruit, extract, or processed products can be used to counteract MetS-related risk factors. This review represents an important step towards exploring potential avenues for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonelly Cassio Alves de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Laís Menegucci Zutin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL USA.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang W, Long P, He M, Luo T, Li Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wen X. Pomegranate polyphenol punicalagin as a nutraceutical for mitigating mild cognitive impairment: An overview of beneficial properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176750. [PMID: 38897439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Dementia treatment has become a global research priority, driven by the increase in the aging population. Punicalagin, the primary polyphenol found in pomegranate fruit, exhibits a variety of benefits. Today, a growing body of research is showing that punicalagin is a nutraceutical for the prevention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, a comprehensive review is still lacking. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties, origin and pharmacokinetics of punicalagin, while emphasizing the significance and mechanisms of its potential role in the prevention and treatment of MCI. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that Punicalagin possesses the potential to effectively target and enhance the treatment of MCI. Potential mechanisms by which punicalagin alleviates MCI include antioxidative damage, anti-neuroinflammation, promotion of neurogenesis, and modulation of neurotransmitter interactions. Overall, punicalagin is safer and shows potential as a therapeutic compound for the prevention and treatment of MCI, although more rigorous randomized controlled trials involving large populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Mengshan He
- The Academy of Chinese Health Risks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM&Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610059, China.
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Giri NA, Bhangale A, Gaikwad NN, Manjunatha N, Raigond P, Marathe RA. Comparative study on effect of pomegranate peel powder as natural preservative and chemical preservatives on quality and shelf life of muffins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10307. [PMID: 38705878 PMCID: PMC11070418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) as a natural preservative in muffin preparation. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The In-Vitro antifungal activity of pomegranate peel powder (8% PPP), potassium sorbate (0.1% PS) and calcium propionate (0.5% CP) was assessed against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. using poison food technique. The PPP showed the anti-fungal activity by delaying the growth of microorganism on media plate similar to the PS and CP. The effect of utilization of PPP on quality characteristics of muffins were compared with the muffins with chemical preservatives (0.1% PS and 0.5% CP). The viscosity and specific gravity of batter significantly increased from 7.98 to 11.87 Pa s and 1.089-1.398 respectively on addition of 8% PPP. The optical microscopic structure of PPP added batter revealed the decrease in the number of air cells from 24 to 12 with radius range of 6.42-72.72 μm and area range of 511.03-15,383.17 µm2. The functional properties of flour with PPP had higher water absorption capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity and emulsion stability than others. The addition of PPP significantly increase the weight (32.83 g), and decrease the height (31.3 mm), volume (61.43 cm3), specific volume (1.67 cm3/g) and baking loss (10.19%). The 418.36% increase in fibre content, 14.46% and 18.46% decrease in carbohydrates and energy value was observed in muffin with 8% PPP as compared to control respectively. The total phenols was increased from 0.92 to 12.5 mg GAE/100 g, total tannin from 0.2 to 8.27 mg GAE/100 g, In-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH from 6.97 to 29.34% and In-vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP from 0.497 to 2.934 mg AAE/100 g in muffins added with 8% PPP. The muffin with PPP was softer than control and muffin with 0.1% PS. The addition of PPP resulted to improve in muffin texture but taste slightly bitter. During the storage of muffins at room temperature (27-30 °C), the moisture content of muffin with PPP was reduced from 17.04 to 13.23% which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Similarly, the hardness of sample with PPP was higher than the sample with 0.5% CP, but lowers than control and sample with 0.1% PS throughout the storage period. The results suggest that pomegranate peel powder can be successfully used as a natural preservative in place of chemical preservatives in muffins, to extend the shelf life. This study provides the opportunity to use PPP as functional ingredient and natural preservative in different bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Ankush Giri
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Aditi Bhangale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh N Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Manjunatha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pinky Raigond
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India
| | - R A Marathe
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-65, Solapur-Pune Highway, Kegaon, Solapur, 413 255, Maharashtra, India.
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Yue Q, Tian J, Dong L, Zhou L. Comparison of an Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase System Extraction of Anthocyanins from Pomegranate Pomaces by Utilizing the Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm and Response Surface Methodology Models. Foods 2024; 13:199. [PMID: 38254500 PMCID: PMC11154380 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a by-product of pomegranate processing, the recycling and reuse of pomegranate pomaces (PPs) were crucial to environmentally sustainable development. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UA-ATPE) was applied to extract the anthocyanins (ACNs) from PPs in this study, and the central composite design response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) models were utilized to optimize the extraction parameters and achieve the best yield. The results indicated that the ANN-GA model built for the ACN yield had a greater degree of fit and accuracy than the RSM model. The ideal model process parameters were optimized to have a liquid-solid ratio of 49.0 mL/g, an ethanol concentration of 28 g/100 g, an ultrasonic time of 27 min, and an ultrasonic power of 330 W, with a maximum value of 86.98% for the anticipated ACN yield. The experimental maximum value was 87.82%, which was within the 95% confidence interval. A total of six ACNs from PPs were identified by utilizing UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS, with the maximum content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside being 57.01 ± 1.36 mg/g DW. Therefore, this study has positive significance for exploring the potential value of more by-products and obtaining good ecological and economic benefits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Yue
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Q.Y.); (J.T.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Q.Y.); (J.T.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Q.Y.); (J.T.)
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming 650500, China
- International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming 650500, China
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Atwi-Ghaddar S, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Integrated Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Pre-Formulation Process of Punica granatum L. Pericarp Polar Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:8110. [PMID: 38138602 PMCID: PMC10745611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit in the dietary supplement industry due to its richness in bioactive compounds. In this study, an experimental design was applied to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of polar compounds of interest (ellagic acid and punicalagins), known for antioxidant and skin care properties from pomegranate's pericarp. The effects of temperature, modifier percentage, and water additive percentage added in the modifier were explored through a Box-Behnken design, followed by a study of the extraction kinetics. The results indicated that 40 °C, 20% EtOH:H2O 80:20 v:v, with an extraction duration of 60 min allowed for the highest recovery of the above-mentioned molecules (19.59 mg/g). Due to solubilization issues encountered by the extract, a screening of cosmetic solvents was carried out to solubilize SFE pomegranate extracts and a composition of Gly:H2O 80:20 v:v was selected. Furthermore, an integrated SFE pre-formulation process of pomegranate pericarp extract (PPE) was elaborated. This allowed for the recovery of the extracts in cosmetic solvent, avoiding a full evaporation. Finally, the stability of the pre-formulated extracts was evaluated and showed high stability for over 3 months at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lesellier
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), University of Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45100 Orléans, France; (S.A.-G.); (E.D.)
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Alami M, Boumezough K, Khalil A, Ramchoun M, Boulbaroud S, Fulop T, Morvaridzadeh M, Berrougui H. The Modulatory Bioeffects of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Polyphenols on Metabolic Disorders: Understanding Their Preventive Role against Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 38068738 PMCID: PMC10707905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern research achievements support the health-promoting effects of natural products and diets rich in polyphenols. Pomegranate (PG) (Punica granatum L.) contains a considerable number of bioactive compounds that exert a broad spectrum of beneficial biological activities, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and atheroprotective properties. In this context, the reviewed literature shows that PG intake might reduce insulin resistance, cytokine levels, redox gene expression, blood pressure elevation, vascular injuries, and lipoprotein oxidative modifications. The lipid parameter corrective capabilities of PG-ellagitannins have also been extensively reported to be significantly effective in reducing hyperlipidemia (TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and TAGs), while increasing plasma HDL-C concentrations and improving the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. The health benefits of pomegranate consumption seem to be acheived through the amelioration of adipose tissue endocrine function, fatty acid utilization, GLUT receptor expression, paraoxonase activity enhancement, and the modulation of PPAR and NF-κB. While the results from animal experiments are promising, human findings published in this field are inconsistent and are still limited in several aspects. The present review aims to discuss and provide a critical analysis of PG's bioeffects on the components of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, as well as on certain cardiovascular-related diseases. Additionally, a brief overview of the pharmacokinetic properties, safety, and bioavailability of PG-ellagitannins is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alami
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Kaoutar Boumezough
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Samira Boulbaroud
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
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Naraki K, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Ajiboye BO, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of ellagic acid on the metabolic syndrome: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21844. [PMID: 38027887 PMCID: PMC10661066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Ellagic acid is found in various fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to have several pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic. Our current study aims to shed light on the probable efficiency of ellagic acid in managing metabolic syndrome and its complications. Materials and methods To prepare the present review, the databases or search engines utilized included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and relevant articles have been gathered with no time limit until March 2023. Results Several investigations indicated that ellagic acid could be a potent compound for the treatment of many disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia by various mechanisms, including increasing insulin secretion, insulin receptor substrate protein 1 expression, regulating glucose transporter 4, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), attenuating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress in related tissues. Furthermore, ellagic acid ameliorates mitochondrial function, upregulates uncoupling protein 1 (found in brown and white adipose tissues), and regulates blood levels of nitrate/nitrite and vascular relaxations in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion Ellagic acid can treat or manage metabolic syndrome and associated complications, according to earlier studies. To validate the beneficial effects of ellagic acid on metabolic syndrome, additional preclinical and clinical research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Hossain ME, Tumpa AA, Abrar Ishtiaque GM, Ahmed L, Rauf A, Khalil AA, Al Abdulmonem W, Simal-Gandara J. Pomegranate-specific natural compounds as onco-preventive and onco-therapeutic compounds: Comparison with conventional drugs acting on the same molecular mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18090. [PMID: 37519687 PMCID: PMC10372646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate, scientifically known as Punica granatum, has been a traditional medicinal remedy since ancient times. Research findings have shown that using pomegranate extracts can positively affect a variety of signaling pathways, including those involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, hyperproliferation, cellular transformation, the beginning stages of tumorigenesis, and lastly, a reduction in the final stages of metastasis and tumorigenesis. This is due to the fact that pomegranate extracts are rich in polyphenols, which are known to inhibit the activity of certain signaling pathways. In the United States, cancer is the second biggest cause of death after heart disease. The number of fatalities caused by cancer in the United States escalates yearly. Altering one's diet, getting involved in regular physical activity, and sustaining a healthy body weight are three easy steps an individual may follow to lower their cancer risk. Simply garnishing one's diet with vegetables and fruits has the potential to avert at least 20% of all cancer diagnoses and around 200,000 deaths caused by cancer each year. Vegetables, fruits, and other dietary constituents, such as minerals and phytochemicals, are currently being researched for their potential to prevent cancer. It is being done because they are safe, have minimal toxicity, possess antioxidant properties, and are universally accepted as dietary supplements. Ancient civilizations used the fruit of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) to prevent and cure a number of diseases. The anti-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative qualities of pomegranate have been shown in studies with the fruit, juice, extract, and oil of the pomegranate. Pomegranate has the capacity to affect several signaling pathways, which implies that it may have the potential to be employed not only as a chemopreventive agent but also as a chemotherapeutic drug. This article elaborates on some recent preclinical and clinical research which shows that pomegranate seems to have a role in the prevention and treatment of a number of cancers, including but not limited to breast, bladder, skin, prostate, colon, and lung cancer, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Limon Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Wang YH, Mondal G, Khan W, Gurley BJ, Yates CR. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for characterizing pomegranate extract pharmacokinetics in humans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115477. [PMID: 37267874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate extracts standardized to punicalagins are a rich source of ellagitannins including ellagic acid (EA). Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived urolithin (Uro) metabolites of ellagitannins are pharmacologically active. Studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of EA, however, little is known about the disposition of urolithin metabolites (urolithin A (UA) and B (UB)). To address this gap, we developed and applied a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for the characterization of EA and Uro oral pharmacokinetics in humans. Subjects (10/cohort) received a single oral dose (250 or 1000 mg) of pomegranate extract (Pomella® extract) standardized to contain not less than 30 % punicalagins, < 5 % EA, and not less than 50 % polyphenols. Plasma samples, collected over 48 h, were treated with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase to permit comparison between unconjugated and conjugated forms of EA, UA and UB. EA and urolithins were separated by gradient elution (acetonitrile/water, 0.1 % formic acid) using a C18 column connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the negative mode. Conjugated EA exposure was ∼5-8-fold higher than unconjugated EA for both dose groups. Conjugated UA was readily detectable beginning ∼8 h post-dosing, however, unconjugated UA was detectable in only a few subjects. Neither form of UB was detected. Together these data indicate EA is rapidly absorbed and conjugated following oral administration of Pomella® extract. Moreover, UA's delayed appearance in the blood, primarily in the conjugated form, is consistent with gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of EA to UA, which is then rapidly converted to its conjugated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Goutam Mondal
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Washim Khan
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bill J Gurley
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Charles R Yates
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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10
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Zha C, Peng Z, Huang K, Tang K, Wang Q, Zhu L, Che B, Li W, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Zhang W. Potential role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer: immunity, metabolites, pathways of action? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196217. [PMID: 37265797 PMCID: PMC10231684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota helps to reveal the relationship between diseases, but the role of gut microbiota in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Recent studies have found that the composition and abundance of specific gut microbiota are significantly different between PCa and non-PCa, and the gut microbiota may have common and unique characteristics between different diseases. Intestinal microorganisms are affected by various factors and interact with the host in a variety of ways. In the complex interaction model, the regulation of intestinal microbial metabolites and the host immune system is particularly important, and they play a key role in maintaining the ecological balance of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites. However, specific changes in the composition of intestinal microflora may promote intestinal mucosal immune imbalance, leading to the formation of tumors. Therefore, this review analyzes the immune regulation of intestinal flora and the production of metabolites, as well as their effects and mechanisms on tumors, and briefly summarizes that specific intestinal flora can play an indirect role in PCa through their metabolites, genes, immunity, and pharmacology, and directly participate in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors through bacterial and toxin translocation. We also discussed markers of high risk PCa for intestinal microbiota screening and the possibility of probiotic ingestion and fecal microbiota transplantation, in order to provide better treatment options for clinic patients. Finally, after summarizing a number of studies, we found that changes in immunity, metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zha
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology & Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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11
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Alalawi S, Albalawi F, Ramji DP. The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108476. [PMID: 37239823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although current therapies, such as statins, have led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from ACVD, they are associated with considerable residual risk for the disease together with various adverse side effects. Natural compounds are generally well-tolerated; a major recent goal has been to harness their full potential in the prevention and treatment of ACVD, either alone or together with existing pharmacotherapies. Punicalagin (PC) is the main polyphenol present in pomegranates and pomegranate juice and demonstrates many beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. The objective of this review is to inform on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ACVD and the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of PC and its metabolites in the disease, including the attenuation of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, foam cell formation, and inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells together with the regulation of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Some of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PC and its metabolites are due to their strong radical-scavenging activities. PC and its metabolites also inhibit the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the promising findings that have emerged from numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, deeper mechanistic insights and large clinical trials are required to harness the full potential of PC and its metabolites in the prevention and treatment of ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Faizah Albalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Alexova R, Alexandrova S, Dragomanova S, Kalfin R, Solak A, Mehan S, Petralia MC, Fagone P, Mangano K, Nicoletti F, Tancheva L. Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Ellagic Acid and Polyphenols of Punica granatum L. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093772. [PMID: 37175181 PMCID: PMC10180134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of polyphenols, including ellagitannins and ellagic acid. The plant is used in traditional medicine, and its purified components can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and support of host defenses during viral infection and recovery from disease. Current data show that pomegranate polyphenol extract and its ellagitannin components and metabolites exert their beneficial effects by controlling immune cell infiltration, regulating the cytokine secretion and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production, and by modulating the activity of the NFκB pathway. In vitro, pomegranate extracts and ellagitannins interact with and inhibit the infectivity of a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In silico docking studies show that ellagitannins bind to several SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, including a number of proteases. This warrants further exploration of polyphenol-viral and polyphenol-host interactions in in vitro and in vivo studies. Pomegranate extracts, ellagitannins and ellagic acid are promising agents to target the SARS-CoV-2 virus and to restrict the host inflammatory response to viral infections, as well as to supplement the depleted host antioxidant levels during the stage of recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitza Alexova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Alexandrova
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Marin Drinov Str. 55, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd. 5, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, India
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abouelezz HM, Shehatou GS, Shebl AM, Salem HA. A standardized pomegranate fruit extract ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats via AGE-RAGE-ROS signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14256. [PMID: 36938469 PMCID: PMC10015255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate a possible mechanism that may mediate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) against thioacetamide (THIO)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): control; PFE (150 mg/kg/day, orally); THIO (200 mg/kg, i.p, 3 times a week); and THIO and PFE-treated groups. Oral PFE treatment decreased liver/body weight ratio by 12.4%, diminished serum function levels of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and total bilirubin, increased serum albumin, boosted hepatic GSH (by 35.6%) and SOD (by 17.5%), and significantly reduced hepatic levels of ROS, MDA, 4-HNE, AGEs, and RAGE in THIO-fibrotic rats relative to untreated THIO group. Moreover, PFE administration downregulated the hepatic levels of profibrotic TGF-β1 (by 23.0%, P < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (by 41.5%, P < 0.001), attenuated α-SMA protein expression, decreased serum HA levels (by 41.3%), and reduced the hepatic levels of the fibrosis markers hydroxyproline (by 26.0%, P < 0.001), collagen type IV (by 44.3%, P < 0.001) and laminin (by 43.4%, P < 0.001) compared to the untreated THIO group. The histopathological examination has corroborated these findings, where PFE decreased hepatic nodule incidence, attenuated portal necroinflammation and reduced extent of fibrosis. These findings may suggest that oral PFE administration could slow the progression of hepatic fibrogenesis via reducing hepatic levels of AGEs, RAGE, ROS, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M. Abouelezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Abdelhadi M. Shebl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Mosaoa RM, Yaghmoor SS, Moselhy SS. Oxygen scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antiglycation activity of pomegranate flavonoids (Punica granum) against streptozotocin toxicity induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16687-16693. [PMID: 36190633 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive natural products are essential components for drug development. Protein glycation in diabetic subjects leads to diabetic complications as nephropathy and neuropathy. We investigated the impact of pomegranate hexane extract (PHE) as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiglycation in diabetic rats. Gas chromatography/mass spectrum (GC/MS) analysis of PHE revealed presence of resorcinol, catechol, tau-cadinol, metacetamol, scopoletin, phytol, and phenol, 3-pentadecyl as the most active ingredients that related to biological activity. Results obtained showed that, PHE increased serum aldose reductase and total antioxidant activity compared with untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.001). In addition, PHE exert antioxidant by enhancing, catalase and SOD (p < 0.001) and decreased MDA (p < 0.001), anti-inflammatory by inhibition production of 1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (p < 0.001), and AGEs (p < 0.001) against nephropathy in diabetic rats compared with untreated group. It was concluded that, pomegranate is promising in development a functional biomolecule in treatment and protection against diabetic complications as nephropathy. More study required to investigate the molecular action of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami M Mosaoa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soonham S Yaghmoor
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Production of Bio-products for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said S Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Hosseini SA, Shateri Z, Abolnezhadian F, Maraghi E, Haddadzadeh Shoushtari M, Zilaee M. Does pomegranate extract supplementation improve the clinical symptoms of patients with allergic asthma? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109966. [PMID: 36762119 PMCID: PMC9905411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma essentially represents a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests as a lifelong condition with different severity throughout the life of patients with asthma. Pomegranate holds three times the antioxidant activity compared to other polyphenol-rich food sources like green tea, which may positively impact asthma. Aim of the study: This research aimed to investigate the pomegranate supplementation influences clinical symptoms, eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts in patients with allergic asthma. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 64) suffering from mild to moderate allergic asthma were randomly divided into two groups: The control group received placebo capsules and the intervention group received 250 mg pomegranate extract capsules twice a day (for 8 weeks). To analyze the data, we used SPSS software (version 22). The significance level of p-value was considered less than 0.05. Results: The findings showed that the pomegranate extract improved patients' clinical symptoms like daily breath shortness, nocturnal breath shortness, and limitation of asthma-related activity in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, eosinophil, basophil, and neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in the intervention group. Also, by comparing the two groups, the levels of change in neutrophils and eosinophils were statistically significant. Conclusion: It appears that the pomegranate extract can ameliorate some clinical symptoms and reduce neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils in allergic asthma patients. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/45612; identifier: IRCT20200205046384N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,*Correspondence: Zainab Shateri,
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children’s Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Maraghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzie Zilaee
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yang Y, Ren ZZ, Wei WJ, He ZL, Deng YL, Wang Z, Fan YC, Zhou J, Jiang LH. Study on the biological mechanism of urolithin a on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1566-1577. [PMID: 35952389 PMCID: PMC9377270 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Urolithin A (UroA) can inhibit the growth of many human cancer cells, but it has not be reported if UroA inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibitory effect of UroA on NPC and potential mechanism in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-sequencing-based mechanistic prediction was conducted by comparing KEGG enrichment of 40 μM UroA-treated for 24 h with untreated CNE2 cells. The untreated cells were selected as control. After NPC cells were treated with 20-60 μM UroA, proliferation, migration and invasion of were measured by colony formation, wound healing and transwell experiments. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342, Rhodamine 123, JC-1 staining and ROS assay methods, respectively. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS RNA-sequencing and KEGG enrichment revealed UroA mainly altered the ECM receptor interaction pathway. UroA inhibited cells proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition pathway, migration and invasion with IC50 values of 34.72 μM and 44.91 μM, induced apoptosis, MMP depolarization and increase ROS content at a concentration of 40 μM. UroA up-regulated E-cadherin, Bax/Bcl-2, c-caspase-3 and PARP proteins, while inhibiting COL4A1, MMP2, MMP9, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail proteins at 20-60 μM. Moreover, co-treatment of UroA (40 μM) and NAC (5 mM) could reverse the effect of UroA on apoptosis-related proteins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RNA-sequencing technology based on bioinformatic analyses may be applicable for studiying the mechanism of drugs for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Wu-Jun Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhi-Long He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - You-Lin Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yu-Chun Fan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology (Army Medical University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
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Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri T, Aleyaghoob G, Heidarian F, Kazemi Oskuee R. Ellagic acid as a potent anticancer drug: A comprehensive review on in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and drug delivery studies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2323-2356. [PMID: 34846078 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid as a polyphenol or micronutrient, which can be naturally found in different vegetables and fruits, has gained considerable attention for cancer therapy due to considerable biological activities and different molecular targets. Ellagic acid with low hydrolysis and lipophilic and hydrophobic nature is not able to be absorbed in circulation. So, accumulation inside the intestinal epithelial cells or metabolization to other urolithins leads to the limitation of direct evaluation of EA effects in clinical studies. This review focuses on the studies which supported anticancer activity of pure or fruit-extracted ellagic acid through in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and drug delivery methods. The results demonstrate ellagic acid modulates the expression of various genes incorporated in the cancer-related process of apoptosis and proliferation, inflammation related-gens, and oxidative-related genes. Moreover, the ellagic acid formulation in carriers composed of lipid, silica, chitosan, iron- bovine serum albumin nanoparticles obviously enhanced the stable release and confident delivery with minimum loss. Also, in silico analysis proved that ellagic acid was able to be placed at a position of cocrystal ADP, in the deep cavity of the protein target, and tightly interact with binding pocket residues leading to suppression of substrate availability of protein and its activation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mohajeri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Aleyaghoob
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yisimayili Z, Chao Z. A review on phytochemicals, metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics studies of the different parts (juice, seeds, peel, flowers, leaves and bark) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2022; 395:133600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Liu Q, Liu S, Ye Q, Hou X, Yang G, Lu J, Hai Y, Shen J, Fang Y. A Novel Streptococcus thermophilus FUA329 Isolated from Human Breast Milk Capable of Producing Urolithin A from Ellagic Acid. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601659 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A, a metabolite of ellagic acid, has many beneficial biological activities for people. Strains capable of producing urolithin A from ellagic acid have the hope of becoming the next-generation probiotics. However, only a few species of these strains have been reported. In this study, FUA329, a strain capable of converting ellagic acid to urolithin A in vitro, was isolated from the breast milk of healthy Chinese women. The results of morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that the strain FUA329 was Streptococcus thermophilus. In addition, the S. thermophilus FUA329 growth phase is consistent with the degradation of ellagic acid, and urolithin A was produced in the stationary phase, with a maximum concentration of 7.38 μM at 50 h. The corresponding conversion efficiency of urolithin A from ellagic acid was 82%. In summary, S. thermophilus FUA329, a novel urolithin A-producing bacterium, would be useful for the industrial production of urolithin A and may be developed as a next-generation probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qinwen Ye
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Juan Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence:
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Shateri Z, Hosseini SA, Abolnezhadian F, Maraghi E, Haddadzadeh Shoushtari M, Zilaee M. Pomegranate extract supplementation improves lung function parameters and IL-35 expression in participants with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026343. [PMID: 36330147 PMCID: PMC9623269 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing asthma treatments are associated with side effects and limitations, which has led to an interest in alternative and complementary therapies. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate, the present study aimed to determine the impact of pomegranate extract supplementation on lung function parameters evaluated through spirometry, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pro-oxidant antioxidant balance, and interleukin 35) (IL-35) in participants with mild and moderate allergic asthma (based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and clinical symptoms). Participants with mild and moderate allergic asthma (n = 64) were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group, which received two pomegranate extract capsules (500 mg/day), or the control group for eight weeks. Also, the physician prescribed similar drugs to the participants in the study. Independent samples T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used to compare the quantitative outcomes between the intervention group and the comparison group. The Wilcoxon test and the paired T-test were applied for within-group comparisons. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. At the end of the study, the change levels of IL-35 in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group. In terms of the lung function parameters, FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC) ratio enhanced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the pomegranate extract significantly improved forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%), FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEV1 in the intervention group. No significant changes in FEV1 values were observed between the two groups at the end of the study. Also, no significant changes were seen in other indicators. It seems that pomegranate extract can improve lung function parameters and IL-35 expression in mild and moderate allergic asthma. Clinical trial registration https://www.irct.ir/trial/45612; identifier: IRCT20200205046384N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Maraghi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzie Zilaee
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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The Therapeutic Relevance of Urolithins, Intestinal Metabolites of Ellagitannin-Rich Food: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173494. [PMID: 36079752 PMCID: PMC9460125 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of food rich in ellagitannins have been established to stem from its microbial metabolite, urolithin. Over the past decade, there has been a growing trend in urolithin research pertaining to its pharmacological properties. The purpose of this systematic review is to collate and synthesise all available data on urolithin’s therapeutic ability, to highlight its potential as a pharmaceutical agent, and prospective direction on future research. Methods: This systematic review was written based on the PRISMA guideline and was conducted across Ovid via Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection. Results: A total of 41 animal studies were included in this systematic review based on the appropriate keyword. The included studies highlighted the neuroprotective, anti-metabolic disorder activity, nephroprotective, myocardial protective, anti-inflammatory, and musculoskeletal protection of urolithin A, B, and its synthetic analogue methylated urolithin A. The Sirt1, AMPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways were reported to be involved in the initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis by urolithin A. Conclusions: This review methodically discusses the therapeutic prospects of urolithins and provides scientific justification for the potential development of urolithin A as a potent natural mitophagy inducer for anti-ageing purposes.
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Abstract
There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular compounds to affect the host's digestive ability and resist the risk of infection and autoimmune diseases. Many studies have revealed that intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in human physiology and the development of diseases. Urolithins are kind of intestinal microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) with potent biological activity in vivo. However, different individuals have different intestinal flora. According to the different metabolites from ETs and EA, it is divided into three metabo-types including UM-A, UM-B and UM-0. This paper reviews the origin of urolithins, the urolithin producing microorganisms and the effects of urolithins on regulating intestinal diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of urolithins in the homeostasis of intestinal flora and a reference for the scientific utilization of urolithins and foods rich in ETs and EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zeyuan Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuliang Song
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Henning SM, Yang J, Lee RP, Huang J, Thames G, Korn M, Ben-Nissan D, Heber D, Li Z. Pomegranate juice alters the microbiota in breast milk and infant stool: a pilot study. Food Funct 2022; 13:5680-5689. [PMID: 35510588 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PomJ) contains ellagitannins (ETs) that are metabolized to ellagic acid (EA). Intestinal bacteria convert EA further to urolithins that are absorbed into the circulation and may provide health benefits. PomJ consumption by pregnant women was reported to be neuroprotective for their infants. In order to determine whether EA and metabolites are transferred from breast milk of mothers consuming PomJ to nursing infants, we performed an interventional pilot study and enrolled ten healthy women with full-term, exclusively breast-fed infants, consuming 8 oz. of PomJ daily for two weeks. Breast milk, plasma, urine and stool samples were collected from the mothers and the urine and stool samples from the infants before and after two weeks of PomJ consumption. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify EA metabolites and 16S rRNA sequencing to determine changes in the microbiota. EA metabolite conjugates (dimethyl EA-glucuronide DMEAG and urolithin A-glucuronide UAG) were found in breast milk, plasma and urine from mothers and in urine of infants after 14 days of PomJ consumption. In addition, urolithin B-glucuronide (UBG) was found in breast milk, plasma and urine from two participants and urine from their infants. PomJ consumption was associated with a significant decrease in breast milk of Lactococcus, Subdoligranulum, and Acinetobacter, while the abundance of Firmicutes/Faecalibacterium increased significantly. In breast milk Escherichia/Shigella was inversely correlated to breast milk UAG. In infant stools, the abundance of Lachnoclostridium and Staphylococcus was increased. Infant stool Blautia was positively correlated to breast milk and mother plasma UBG. This pilot study demonstrates that EA and its metabolites are absorbed by the nursing infant from breast milk, excreted in urine and impact the infant gut microbiome. The concentration of EA metabolites in breast milk increased over time. Phenolic compounds in breast milk could be a way to promote neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory health benefits in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Gail Thames
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Michelle Korn
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Dina Ben-Nissan
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Is consumption of pomegranate supplementation effective on oxidative stress biomarkers including MDA, ox-LDL, POX 1, GPX, TAC, and TBRAS? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marcińczyk N, Gromotowicz-Popławska A, Tomczyk M, Chabielska E. Tannins as Hemostasis Modulators. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:806891. [PMID: 35095516 PMCID: PMC8793672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.806891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemostasis system is often affected by complications associated with cardiovascular diseases, which results in thromboembolic events. Compounds of plant origin and plant extracts are considered as a promising source of substances that could modulate the functioning of the hemostasis system and thus reduce the risk of thromboembolism. Among them, tannins, which are plant-origin compounds with potential effects in hemostasis, deserve a special mention. This paper describes the hemostasis-modifying ability of three groups of tannins, namely ellagitannins, gallotannins, and procyanidins. The review highlights the desirable as well as undesirable influence of tannins on specific components of hemostasis, namely platelets, coagulation system, fibrinolysis system, and endothelium, and the multidirectional effect of these compounds on the thrombotic process. Studies performed under normal and pathological conditions such as diabetes or hypercoagulation are described, and the pathophysiology-dependent action of tannins is also highlighted. Most of the studies presented in the paper were performed in vitro, and due to the low bioavailability of tannins more studies should be conducted in the future to understand their actual activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marcińczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Makled MN, El-Awady MS, Abdel-Aziz RR, Shehab El-Din AB, Ammar EM, Gameil NM. Pomegranate extract ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via suppressing NF-κB pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S573-S582. [PMID: 34802289 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211041998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major pathways involved in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal injury. This study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of pomegranate against I/R-induced renal injury. I/R injury was induced in nephrectomized rats by unilateral occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by 24 h of perfusion. Pomegranate succeeded to decrease serum levels of creatinine, potassium, and urea nitrogen, along with increasing creatinine clearance. Pomegranate also decreased I/R-induced changes in histopathological examination. Pomegranate attenuated the renal inflammatory response reflected by the suppression of nuclear factor κB p65 DNA binding activity, the upregulation of inhibitory protein kappa B-alpha mRNA expression, the downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor α, in addition to the reduced myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression. Additionally, pomegranate attenuated oxidative stress likely through the modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels reflected by the decreased MDA content and the increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. Results confirm the potential protective effect of pomegranate against I/R-induced renal injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects mediated through the upregulation of inhibitory protein kappa B-alpha, the inhibition of NF-κB activity, and the associated TNF-α release, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhan N Makled
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdel-Aziz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Shehab El-Din
- Nephrology and Urology Center, Faculty of Medicine, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M Ammar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nariman M Gameil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 158395Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093051. [PMID: 34578929 PMCID: PMC8471182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become a dietary pattern of reference due to its preventive effects against chronic diseases, especially relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Establishing an objective tool to determine the degree of adherence to the MD is a pending task and deserves consideration. The central axis that distinguishes the MD from other dietary patterns is the choice and modality of food consumption. Identification of intake biomarkers of commonly consumed foods is a key strategy for estimating the degree of adherence to the MD and understanding the protective mechanisms that lead to a positive impact on health. Throughout this review we propose potential candidates to be validated as MD adherence biomarkers, with particular focus on the metabolites derived from the phenolic compounds that are associated with the consumption of typical Mediterranean plant foods. Certain phenolic metabolites are good indicators of the intake of specific foods, but others denote the intake of a wide-range of foods. For this, it is important to emphasise the need to increase the number of dietary interventions with specific foods in order to validate the biomarkers of MD adherence. Moreover, the identification and quantification of food phenolic intake biomarkers encouraging scientific research focuses on the study of the biological mechanisms in which polyphenols are involved.
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Shah D, Gandhi M, Kumar A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Nair S. Current insights into epigenetics, noncoding RNA interactome and clinical pharmacokinetics of dietary polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1755-1791. [PMID: 34433338 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the health-beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, to prevent various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, like (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, curcumin from turmeric, and ellagic acid from pomegranate are known to act by modulating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in the tumor milieu. The evolving literature underscores the role of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cancer by these polyphenols, primarily via non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, there is little clarity on the exact role(s) played by these ncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, or with their protein targets, in response to modulation by these dietary polyphenols. Here, we review ncRNA interactions and functional networks of the complex ncRNA interactome with their targets in preclinical studies along with the role of epigenetics as well as key aspects of pharmacokinetics and phytochemistry of dietary polyphenols. We also summarize the current state of clinical trials with these dietary polyphenols. Taken together, this synthetic review provides insights into the molecular aspects underlying the anticancer chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols as well as summarizes data on novel biomarkers modulated by these polyphenols for preventive or therapeutic purposes in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur Delhi, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wong TL, Strandberg KR, Croley CR, Fraser SE, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Fimognari C, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Pomegranate bioactive constituents target multiple oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling for cancer prevention and intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:265-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Singh A, D'Amico D, Andreux PA, Dunngalvin G, Kern T, Blanco-Bose W, Auwerx J, Aebischer P, Rinsch C. Direct supplementation with Urolithin A overcomes limitations of dietary exposure and gut microbiome variability in healthy adults to achieve consistent levels across the population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:297-308. [PMID: 34117375 PMCID: PMC8821002 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urolithin A (UA) is produced by gut microflora from foods rich in ellagitannins. UA has been shown to improve mitochondrial health preclinically and in humans. Not everyone has a microbiome capable of producing UA, making supplementation with UA an appealing strategy. OBJECTIVE This is the first detailed investigation of the prevalence of UA producers in a healthy population and the ability of direct UA supplementation to overcome both microbiome and dietary variability. Dietary intake of a glass of pomegranate juice (PJ) was used to assess UA producer status (n = 100 participants) and to characterize differences in gut microbiome between UA producers from non-producers. METHODS Subjects were randomized (1:1) to either PJ or a food product containing UA (500 mg). Prevalence of UA producers and non-producers were determined in the PJ group. Diet questionnaires and fecal samples were collected to compare differences between UA producers and non-producers along with plasma samples at different time points to assess levels of UA and its conjugates between the interventions. RESULTS Only 12% of subjects had detectable levels of UA at baseline. Following PJ intake ~40% of the subjects converted significantly the precursor compounds into UA. UA producers were distinguished by a significantly higher gut microbiome diversity and ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides. Direct supplementation with UA significantly increased plasma levels and provided a >6-fold exposure to UA vs. PJ (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Differences in gut microbiome and diet that dictate natural exposure to UA can be overcome via direct dietary UA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Timo Kern
- Clinical Microbiomics, København, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris Rinsch
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Rehman R, Jamil A, Alakhras F. Sorptive removal of diamond green dye by acid treated Punica granatum peels in eco-friendly way. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:245-254. [PMID: 34085877 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1932732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, acid treated Punica granatum (PG) peels were used for effective removal of Diamond green (DG) dye, commonly found in textile industry waste. Acid treatment enhanced the efficiency of this process along with increasing shelf life and stability of bio-adsorbent by reducing fungal attack risk. Optimized operational parameters for removing DG dye using PG peels powder were: 35-minute contact time, 75 rpm agitation speed, 50°C temperature and pH of 2. Isothermal study results showed that maximum dye removing capacity was 29.08 mg/g. ΔG and ΔH values were -6.384 and -0.05 kJ/mol, respectively indicating that DG dye adsorption on acid treated PG peels is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. It was found that for batch scale adsorptive removal of basic dyes like DG, acid treated Punica granatum peels were effective bio-waste that can be used from our indigenous sources in an effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jamil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fadi Alakhras
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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32
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An Overview on Dietary Polyphenols and Their Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115514. [PMID: 34073709 PMCID: PMC8197262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural organic compounds produced by plants, acting as antioxidants by reacting with ROS. These compounds are widely consumed in daily diet and many studies report several benefits to human health thanks to their bioavailability in humans. However, the digestion process of phenolic compounds is still not completely clear. Moreover, bioavailability is dependent on the metabolic phase of these compounds. The LogP value can be managed as a simplified measure of the lipophilicity of a substance ingested within the human body, which affects resultant absorption. The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), a method used to classify drugs intended for gastrointestinal absorption, correlates the solubility and permeability of the drug with both the rate and extent of oral absorption. BCS may be helpful to measure the bioactive constituents of foods, such as polyphenols, in order to understand their nutraceutical potential. There are many literature studies that focus on permeability, absorption, and bioavailability of polyphenols and their resultant metabolic byproducts, but there is still confusion about their respective LogP values and BCS classification. This review will provide an overview of the information regarding 10 dietarypolyphenols (ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin, apigenin, cirsimaritin, daidzein, resveratrol, ellagic acid, and curcumin) and their association with the BCS classification.
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Ge S, Duo L, Wang J, Yang J, Li Z, Tu Y. A unique understanding of traditional medicine of pomegranate, Punica granatum L. and its current research status. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113877. [PMID: 33515685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., has been used in traditional medicine in China and several regions of the world including Ayurveda, Islamic, and Persian for the treatment of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and several types of cancer, as well as for peptic ulcer and oral diseases for hundreds of years. Presently, pomegranate is treated as both a "medicine food homology" herbal medicine and a healthy food supplemental product. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work is to develop an overview of pomegranate in the context of the status of its traditional medicine theories, the spread along the Silk Road, ethnopharmacological uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, toxicology, and the involved pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on P. granatum L. was acquired from published materials, including monographs on medicinal plants, ancient and modern recorded classical texts; and pharmacopoeias and electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang Data). RESULTS Pomegranate has been used in many traditional medical systems throughout history. It is widely cultivated in Central Asia and spread throughout China along the Silk Road. Many phytochemicals, such as tannins, organic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and volatile oils have been identified from different parts of pomegranate, these compounds have a wide range of activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-oncogenic properties, as well as conferring resistance to cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, A summary of the four promising pharmacological pathways is provided. CONCLUSIONS The traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and signaling pathways of pomegranate are summarized comprehensively in the review. It can be treated as a guidance for the future clinical and basic research. The information provided in this review will be very useful for further studies to develop novel therapeutic directions for application of pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Ge
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Duo
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Ya Tu
- Medical Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China; Development Research Center of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Sallam IE, Abdelwareth A, Attia H, Aziz RK, Homsi MN, von Bergen M, Farag MA. Effect of Gut Microbiota Biotransformation on Dietary Tannins and Human Health Implications. Microorganisms 2021; 9:965. [PMID: 33947064 PMCID: PMC8145700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota-tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abdelwareth
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Heba Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | - Masun Nabhan Homsi
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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De S, Gopikrishna A, Keerthana V, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. An Overview of Nanoformulated Nutraceuticals and their Therapeutic Approaches. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200901120458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Economic development and vast changes in food habits have accelerated
the consumption of junk foods, which are the leading causes of several disorders that turn the majority
of the people to use various herbal formulations or drugs for preventing various lifestyle diseases.
Nutraceuticals are the borderline apparatus between nutrients and drugs that provide supplementation
of the particular nutrient with a favorable health effect.
Objective:
Various nutraceutical compounds like vitamins, spices, polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics
in the form of powders, tablets, and capsules are currently marketed globally. Among them,
previous literature have reported that polyphenols are the most promising compounds that have
been proven to treat various chronic diseases like cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis,
osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, congenital anomalies, Alzheimer’s disease,
etc. It is warranted to discuss the benefits of nanoformulations of nutraceuticals.
Methods:
We have searched PubMed using the keywords nutraceuticals, nanoformulations, therapeutic
approaches, bionanotechnology, and therapeutics. The relevant papers and classical papers
in this field were selected to write this review.
Results and Discussion:
The different classifications of nutraceuticals were described in this review.
The comparison between the different categories of nutraceuticals with their nanoformulated
forms was made, explaining the benefits of nanoformulations regarding stability, bioavailability,
enhanced anti-oxidant properties, etc. A glimpse of the drawbacks of nanoformulations was also included.
Conclusion:
The current review highlights an overview of various nanoformulated nutraceuticals
and their approach towards the treatment of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli De
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Agraharam Gopikrishna
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Vedhantham Keerthana
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
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Sun G, Wu L, Sun G, Shi X, Cao H, Tang W. WNT5a in Colorectal Cancer: Research Progress and Challenges. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2483-2498. [PMID: 33758546 PMCID: PMC7981155 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical development of new adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs, colorectal cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in human beings. WNT5a, an autocrine and paracrine β-catenin independent ligand, has been shown to induce tumor inhibition and carcinogenic signals, depending on the type of cancer. In patients with colorectal cancer, WNT5a triggers a variety of downstream signaling pathways, which mainly affect the migration and invasion of tumor cells. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic potential of WNT5a in colorectal cancer. In short, an in-depth understanding of the role of WNT5a in colorectal cancer is very helpful to better deal with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Cannataro R, Fazio A, La Torre C, Caroleo MC, Cione E. Polyphenols in the Mediterranean Diet: From Dietary Sources to microRNA Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:328. [PMID: 33672251 PMCID: PMC7926722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that polyphenols are a class of natural substance that offers numerous health benefits; they are present in all plants in very different quantities and types. On the other hand, their bioavailability, and efficacy is are not always well proven. Therefore, this work aims to discuss some types of polyphenols belonging to Mediterranean foods. We chose six polyphenols-(1) Naringenin, (2) Apigenin, (3) Kaempferol, (4) Hesperidin, (5) Ellagic Acid and (6) Oleuropein-present in Mediterranean foods, describing dietary source and their chemistry, as well as their pharmacokinetic profile and their use as nutraceuticals/supplements, in addition to the relevant element of their capability in modulating microRNAs expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (R.C.); (A.F.); (C.L.T.); (E.C.)
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Moga MA, Dimienescu OG, Bălan A, Dima L, Toma SI, Bîgiu NF, Blidaru A. Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Punica granatum Phytochemicals: Possible Roles in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041054. [PMID: 33671442 PMCID: PMC7921999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pomgranate (Punica granatum) represents a high source of polyphenols with great bioavailability. The role of this fruit in the prevention and treatment of various malignant pathologies has been long time cited in both scientific and non-scientific literature, making thus important to identify its involvement in the pathophysiological processes. The treatment for breast cancer had focused on the inhibition of the mechanisms that governs the estrogen activity. These mechanisms are covered either by the antagonism of the estrogen receptor (ER) or by the inhibition of the estrogen synthesis. Our interest in identifying a bioactive compound rich in polyphenols, which induces both the antagonism of the estrogen receptor, and the inhibition of the estrogen synthesis, revealed us the pomegranate fruit and its derivatives: peel and seeds. Pomegranates' chemical composition include many biological active substances such as flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, ellagitannins and gallotannins. Materials and Methods: We performed a review of the scientific literature by using the following keywords: "pomegranate", "breast cancer", "Punica granatum", "pomegranate polyphenols". Our search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and it included only original research written in English from the last 20 years. None of the articles were excluded due to affiliation. A total number of 28 original papers, which mentioned the beneficial activity of pomegranate against breast cancer, were selected. Both clinical and preclinical studies were considered for this review. Results: Recent discoveries pointed out that polyphenols from Punica granatum possess strong anti-cancer activity, exhibited by a variety of mechanisms, such as anti-estrogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic. Pomegranate extracts induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and induced cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, several polyphenols extracted from pomegranate inhibited the invasion potential, migration and viability of breast cancer cells. The effects of pomegranate juice on serum estrogens and other sexual hormones levels were also investigated on two human cohorts. Conclusions: Punica granatum represents a promising area in oncology. The large availability and low cost, associated with the lack of side effects, made from this natural product a great strategy for the management of breast cancer. There are several mechanistic studies in mouse models and in breast cancer cell lines, suggesting the possible pathways through which polyphenols from pomegranate extracts act, but larger and better-controlled studies are necessary in the future. Only two small clinical trials were conducted on humans until now, but their results are contradictory and should be considered preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.G.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.G.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.G.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactical and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (L.D.); (S.I.T.)
| | - Sebastian Ionut Toma
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactical and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (L.D.); (S.I.T.)
| | - Nicușor Florin Bîgiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500032 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (O.G.D.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-728519031
| | - Alexandru Blidaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncological Institute “Al. Trestioneanu” of Bucharest, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Ma X, Yang W, Kallio H, Yang B. Health promoting properties and sensory characteristics of phytochemicals in berries and leaves of sea buckthorn ( Hippophaë rhamnoides). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3798-3816. [PMID: 33412908 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1869921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L., SB), as a multi-functional plant, is widely grown in Asia, Europe and Canada. The berries and leaves of SB contain a diverse array of health-supporting phytochemicals, which are also related to the sensory qualities of berry and berry products. This review summarizes the biologically active key-compounds of the berries and leaves of SB, their health-promoting effects, as well as the contributions to the sensory quality of the berries. The target compounds consist of sugars, sugar derivatives, organic acids, phenolic compounds and lipophilic compounds (mainly carotenoids and tocopherols), which play an important role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, as well as in metabolic health. In addition, these compounds contribute to the orosensory qualities of SB berries, which are closely related to consumer acceptance and preference of the products. Studies regarding the bioavailability of the compounds and the influence of the processing conditions are also part of this review. Finally, the role of the sensory properties is emphasized in the development of SB products to increase utilization of the berry as a common meal component and to obtain value-added products to support human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ma
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wei Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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BINMOWYNA MN, ALFARIS NA, ALMNAIZEL AT, ALSAYADI MM, AL-SANEA EA. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the juice and water seed extracts of two pomegranate species in high-cholesterol diet fed rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.31220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yang J, Guo Y, Lee R, Henning SM, Wang J, Pan Y, Qing T, Hsu M, Nguyen A, Prabha S, Ojha R, Small GW, Heber D, Li Z. Pomegranate Metabolites Impact Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans and Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa165. [PMID: 33274309 PMCID: PMC7695807 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that pomegranate juice (PomJ) can help to maintain memory in adults aged >50 y. The mechanism for this effect is unknown, but might involve Trp and its metabolites, which are important in brain function. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the hypothesis that PomJ and its metabolites ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin A (UA) affect Trp metabolism. METHODS Stool and plasma from a cohort [11 PomJ, 9 placebo drink (PL)] of subjects enrolled in our double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02093130) were collected at baseline and after 1 y of PomJ or PL consumption. In a mouse study, cecum and serum were collected from DBA/2J mice receiving 8 wk of dietary 0.1% EA or UA supplementation. Trp metabolites and intestinal microbiota were analyzed by LC-MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. RESULTS In the human study, the change in the plasma Trp metabolite indole propionate (IPA) over 1 y was significantly different between PomJ and PL groups (P = 0.03). In serum of experimental mice, we observed a 230% increase of IPA by EA but not UA, a 54% increase of indole sulfate by UA but not EA, and 43% and 34% decreases of kynurenine (KYN) by EA and UA, respectively. In cecum, there was a 32% decrease of Trp by UA but not EA, and an 86% decrease of KYN by EA but not UA (P < 0.05). The abundance of 2 genera, Shigella and Catenibacterium, was reduced by PomJ in humans as well as by UA in mice, and their abundance was negatively associated with blood IPA in humans and mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel mechanism involving the regulation of host and microbial Trp metabolism that might contribute to the health benefits of ellagitannins and EA-enriched food, such as PomJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rupo Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yajing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Qing
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Mark Hsu
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Nguyen
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Siddarth Prabha
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rashi Ojha
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System , Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Tan S, Tong WH, Vyas A. Urolithin-A attenuates neurotoxoplasmosis and alters innate response towards predator odor. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 8:100128. [PMID: 34589880 PMCID: PMC8474456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxoplasmosis, also known as cerebral toxoplasmosis, is an opportunistic chronic infection caused by the persistence of parasite Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the brain. In wild animals, chronic infection is associated with behavioral manipulation evident by an altered risk perception towards predators. In humans, reactivation of cysts and conversion of quiescent parasites into highly invasive tachyzoites is a significant cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, the current standard therapy for toxoplasmosis is not well tolerated and is ineffective against the parasite cysts. In recent years, the concept of dietary supplementation with natural products derived from plants has gained popularity as a natural remedy for brain disorders. Notably, urolithin-A, a metabolite produced in the gut following consumption of ellagitannins-enriched food such as pomegranate, is reported to be blood-brain barrier permeable and exhibits neuroprotective effects in-vivo. In this study, we investigated the potential of pomegranate extract and urolithin-A as anti-neurotoxoplasmosis agents in-vitro and in-vivo. Treatment with pomegranate extract and urolithin-A reduced the parasite tachyzoite load and interfered with cyst development in differentiated human neural culture. Administration of urolithin-A also resulted in the formation of smaller brain cysts in chronically infected mice. Interestingly, this phenomenon was mirrored by an enhanced risk perception of the UA-treated infected mice towards predatory cues. Together, our findings demonstrate the potential of dietary supplementation with urolithin-A-enriched food as a novel natural remedy for the treatment of acute and chronic neurotoxoplasmosis. Pomegranate extract reduces T. gondii tachyzoite load and cyst formation in-vitro. Urolithin-A, in part, underlies the anti-T. gondii effect of pomegranate extract. Urolithin-A perturbs cyst development in the brain of chronically infected mice. The reduction in brain cyst burden associates with enhanced fear of infected mice towards cat odor. Dietary supplementation with urolithin-A is a potential therapy for neurotoxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Wen Han Tong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ajai Vyas
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Ceci C, Graziani G, Faraoni I, Cacciotti I. Strategies to improve ellagic acid bioavailability: from natural or semisynthetic derivatives to nanotechnological approaches based on innovative carriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:382001. [PMID: 32380485 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound whose dietary consumption is mainly associated with the intake of red fruits, including pomegranates, strawberries, blackberries, blackcurrants, raspberries, grapes or dried fruits, like walnuts and almonds. A number of studies indicate that EA exerts health-beneficial effects against several chronic pathologies associated with oxidative damage, including different kinds of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, EA possesses wound-healing properties, antibacterial and antiviral effects, and acts as a systemic antioxidant. However, clinical applications of this polyphenol have been hampered and prevented by its poor water solubility (9.7 ± 3.2 μg ml-1 in water) and pharmacokinetic profile (limited absorption rate and plasma half-life <1 h after ingestion of pomegranate juice), properties due to the chemical nature of the organic heterotetracyclic compound. Little has been reported on efficient strategies to enhance EA poor oral bioavailability, including chemical structure modifications, encapsulation within nano-microspheres to be used as carriers, and molecular dispersion in polymer matrices. In this review we summarize the experimental approaches investigated so far in order to improve EA pharmacokinetics, supporting the hypothesis that enhancement in EA solubility is a feasible route for increasing its oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1 00133, Rome, Italy
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Alfei S, Marengo B, Zuccari G. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capabilities, and Bioavailability: Ellagic Acid or Urolithins? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E707. [PMID: 32759749 PMCID: PMC7465258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), triggered by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is the main mechanism responsible for several human diseases. The available one-target drugs often face such illnesses, by softening symptoms without eradicating the cause. Differently, natural polyphenols from fruits and vegetables possess multi-target abilities for counteracting OS, thus representing promising therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants. Although in several in vitro experiments, ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA), and its metabolites urolithins (UROs) have shown similar great potential for the treatment of OS-mediated human diseases, only UROs have demonstrated in vivo the ability to reach tissues to a greater extent, thus appearing as the main molecules responsible for beneficial activities. Unfortunately, UROs production depends on individual metabotypes, and the consequent extreme variability limits their potentiality as novel therapeutics, as well as dietary assumption of EA, EA-enriched functional foods, and food supplements. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of OS; on EA and UROs chemical features and on the mechanisms of their antioxidant activity. A discussion on the clinical applicability of the debated UROs in place of EA and on the effectiveness of EA-enriched products is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine—DIMES, Via Alberti L.B. 2, I-16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy;
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Melgarejo P, Núñez-Gómez D, Legua P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Almansa MS. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) a dry pericarp fruit with fleshy seeds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Huang T, Zhang X, Wang H. Punicalagin inhibited proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma through suppression of NF‑κB signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2386-2394. [PMID: 32705250 PMCID: PMC7411473 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor among children and young people and is associated with poor prognosis. Punicalagin is an antioxidant ellagitannin found in pomegranate juice with known antiproliferation and anti‑angiogenesis properties. However, the antitumor effect of punicalagin on osteosarcoma requires further investigation. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of punicalagin on proliferation and invasion was evaluated in one human osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) and three human osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS, MG63 and SaOS2). The cancer cell apoptosis ratio was determined using flow cytometry. NF‑κB signaling in these cells was also evaluated using western blotting analysis. A subcutaneous tumor xenograft model was initiated to study the efficacy of punicalagin on osteosarcoma development and angiogenesis in vivo. Punicalagin treatment significantly decreased osteosarcoma cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, the invasion potential of these cells in a transwell assay was also dramatically suppressed in osteosarcoma cells. Punicalagin not only induced the degradation of IκBα but also the nuclear translocation of p65, suggesting the attenuation of NF‑κB signaling pathway following treatment. Moreover, punicalagin markedly downregulated interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8 levels, which was consistent with the inhibition of NF‑κB signaling. An NF‑κB activator could reverse these effects. Using a tumor xenograft mouse model, it was demonstrated that punicalagin exposure inhibited osteosarcoma growth and angiogenesis in vivo. These observations confirmed the suppressive effect of punicalagin against osteosarcoma malignancies. The underlying molecular mechanisms may include inhibition of the NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Brêtas JM, Pereira DB, César IC, Pianetti GA. Miniaturized Spectrophotometric Method for Quantification of Tannins in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruit Peel Dried Extracts. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666181204115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is one of the oldest edible fruits used for
the treatment of countless diseases. The bioactivity of this fruit is mainly related to tannins, especially
elagitannins. P.granatum fruit peel dried extracts (PPDEs) are widely marketed today and the lack
of accessible quality control methods is a key to the variable and questionable quality of these products.
Objective:
To develop a miniaturized spectrophotometric method for quantification of tannins in
commercial PPDEs.
Method:
Spectrophotometric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was developed and validated for
quantification of total polyphenols and polyphenols not adsorbed by hide powder in 17 samples of
commercial PPDEs. Tannins content was calculated by the difference between total polyphenols and
polyphenols not adsorbed by hide powder contents and expressed as pyrogallol. The UV/Visible microplate
spectrophotometer was operated at 760 nm.
Results:
The developed miniaturized method was precise, accurate, selective and linear, and has no
rotational or translational matrix effect. This method significantly reduced the cost of the analysis:
82.2% with reagents, 84.7% in electricity consumption, and 56.3% in the total analysis time. The
wide variability in tannins contents in commercial PPDEs (<1% to 14.20%) shows the importance of
quality control, ensuring the therapeutic effect and safety of the extracts.
Conclusion:
A miniaturized spectrophotometric method was successfully developed and fully validated,
being appropriate for quantification of tannins of PPDEs in quality control routine analysis, as
it showed to be a simple and cheaper method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Machado Brêtas
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Beltrão Pereira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gerson Antônio Pianetti
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Formulation Strategies to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Ellagic Acid. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound present in fruit and berries, has recently been the object of extensive research for its antioxidant activity, which might be useful for the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its protective role justifies numerous attempts to include it in functional food preparations and in dietary supplements, and not only to limit the unpleasant collateral effects of chemotherapy. However, ellagic acid use as a chemopreventive agent has been debated because of its poor bioavailability associated with low solubility, limited permeability, first pass effect, and interindividual variability in gut microbial transformations. To overcome these drawbacks, various strategies for oral administration including solid dispersions, micro and nanoparticles, inclusion complexes, self-emulsifying systems, and polymorphs were proposed. Here, we listed an updated description of pursued micro and nanotechnological approaches focusing on the fabrication processes and the features of the obtained products, as well as on the positive results yielded by in vitro and in vivo studies in comparison to the raw material. The micro and nanosized formulations here described might be exploited for pharmaceutical delivery of this active, as well as for the production of nutritional supplements or for the enrichment of novel foods.
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Zhao R, Long X, Yang J, Du L, Zhang X, Li J, Hou C. Pomegranate peel polyphenols reduce chronic low-grade inflammatory responses by modulating gut microbiota and decreasing colonic tissue damage in rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2020; 10:8273-8285. [PMID: 31720661 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that a high-fat diet (HFD) causes gut microbiota imbalance and colon tissue damage, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, which is one of the main reasons for the existence of constantly circulating low-grade inflammatory cytokines. Pomegranate extracts have been shown to protect from HFD-induced metabolic inflammation (e.g., colitis) and to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in in vitro stool cultures. However, whether the beneficial effects of pomegranate extracts on the HFD-induced metabolic inflammation are achieved by acting on intestinal tissues has not yet been studied. In our present study, we found that pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) alleviated HFD-induced obesity, elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, colonic tissue damage, and depressed colonic tight junction protein expression level in rats. Moreover, PPPs normalized the HFD-induced gut microbiota imbalance by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the colon. Furthermore, we also found that PPPs, punicalagin, and urolithin A (the main microbiota metabolites of pomegranate ellagitannins) all increased the LPS-induced decreased tight junction protein expression level and reversed the LPS-induced inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells. Urolithin A exhibited the best effects among the three pomegranate components. Our results suggested that the protective effects of PPPs in HFD-induced metabolic inflammation can be due to the recovery of colonic tissue damage and the regulation of gut microbiota and that urolithin A is the major component that contributes to the in vivo effects of PPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Pomegranate as a Potential Alternative of Pain Management: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040419. [PMID: 32235455 PMCID: PMC7238014 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has been used in traditional medicine for different kinds of pain. This review aims to explore the scientific evidence about the antinociceptive effect of pomegranate. A selection of original scientific articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria was carried out. It was found that different parts of pomegranate showed an antinociceptive effect; this effect can be due mainly by the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, or fatty acids. It is suggested in the literature that the mechanisms of action may be related to the activation of the L-arginine / NO pathway, members of the TRP superfamily (TRPA1 or TRPV1) and the opioid system. The implications for the field are to know the mechanisms of action by which this effect is generated and thus be able to create alternative treatments for specific types of pain, which help alleviate it and reduce the adverse effects produced by drugs. The results propose that pomegranate and secondary metabolites could be considered in the treatment of inflammatory, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain.
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