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Kumar H, Duhan J, Obrai S. Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescence and Smartphone-Based Sensor for Detection of Rutin Using Boron Nitrogen Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5. [PMID: 38995477 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This research explores the fluorescence properties and photostability of boron nitrogen co-doped graphene quantum dots (BN-GQDs), evaluating their effectiveness as sensors for rutin (RU). BN-GQDs are biocompatible and exhibit notable absorbance and fluorescence characteristics, making them suitable for sensing applications. The study utilized various analytical techniques to investigate the chemical composition, structure, morphology, optical attributes, elemental composition, and particle size of BN-GQDs. Techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average particle size of the BN-GQDs was determined to be approximately 3.5 ± 0.3 nm. A clear correlation between the emission intensity ratio and RU concentration was identified across the range of 0.42 to 4.1 μM, featuring an impressively low detection limit (LOD) of 1.23 nM. The application of BN-GQDs as fluorescent probes has facilitated the development of a highly sensitive and selective RU detection method based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principles. This technique leverages emission at 465 nm. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses confirm that FRET is the primary mechanism behind fluorescence quenching, as indicated by the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of BN-GQDs and RU. The method's effectiveness has been validated by measuring RU concentrations in human serum samples, showing a recovery range between 97.8% and 103.31%. Additionally, a smartphone-based detection method utilizing BN-GQDs has been successfully implemented, achieving a detection limit (LOD) of 49 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Jyoti Duhan
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Sangeeta Obrai
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
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Vieites-Álvarez Y, Otero P, López-González D, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Reigosa MJ, Hussain MI, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. Specialized Metabolites Accumulation Pattern in Buckwheat Is Strongly Influenced by Accession Choice and Co-Existing Weeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2401. [PMID: 37446961 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Screening suitable allelopathic crops and crop genotypes that are competitive with weeds can be a sustainable weed control strategy to reduce the massive use of herbicides. In this study, three accessions of common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (Gema, Kora, and Eva) and one of Tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. (PI481671) were screened against the germination and growth of the herbicide-resistant weeds Lolium rigidum Gaud. and Portulaca oleracea L. The chemical profile of the four buckwheat accessions was characterised in their shoots, roots, and root exudates in order to know more about their ability to sustainably manage weeds and the relation of this ability with the polyphenol accumulation and exudation from buckwheat plants. Our results show that different buckwheat genotypes may have different capacities to produce and exude several types of specialized metabolites, which lead to a wide range of allelopathic and defence functions in the agroecosystem to sustainably manage the growing weeds in their vicinity. The ability of the different buckwheat accessions to suppress weeds was accession-dependent without differences between species, as the common (Eva, Gema, and Kora) and Tartary (PI481671) accessions did not show any species-dependent pattern in their ability to control the germination and growth of the target weeds. Finally, Gema appeared to be the most promising accession to be evaluated in organic farming due to its capacity to sustainably control target weeds while stimulating the root growth of buckwheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra Vieites-Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - David López-González
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Iftikhar Hussain
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Campus Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Detection behavior of phenolic compounds in a dual-electrode system assembled from track-etched membrane electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aleksenko SS, Kazimirova KO, Shtykov SN. Comparative Evaluation of the Concentration of Free Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Various Buckwheat Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822080020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Sinkovič L, Deželak M, Kopinč R, Meglič V. Macro/microelements, nutrients and bioactive components in common and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) grain and stone-milling fractions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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KOTANI A, MIYAGUCHI Y, MIYASHITA N, KUSU F, TAKAMURA K, HAKAMATA H. HPLC with Electrochemical Detection Systems for Quantitative Analysis of Functional Components in Foods. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2021. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.70.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira KOTANI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yuji MIYAGUCHI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Naoto MIYASHITA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Fumiyo KUSU
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Kiyoko TAKAMURA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hideki HAKAMATA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Si H, Lai CQ, Liu D. Dietary Epicatechin, A Novel Anti-aging Bioactive Small Molecule. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3-18. [PMID: 31886745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191230104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC), a flavonoid present in various foods including cocoa, dark chocolate, berries, and tea, has recently been reported to promote general health and survival of old mice fed a standard chow diet. This is considered a novel discovery in the field of identifying natural compounds to extend lifespan, given that presumably popular anti-aging natural agents including resveratrol, green tea extract, and curcumin had failed in extending the lifespan of standard chow-diet-fed mice. However, the anti-aging mechanism of EC is not fully understood, thus impeding the potential application of this natural compound in improving a healthy lifespan in humans. In this review, we first summarized the main dietary sources that contain a significant amount of EC and recent research regarding the absorption, metabolism and distribution of EC in humans and rodents. The review is then focused on the anti-aging effects of EC in cultured cells, animals and humans with the possible physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its lifespan-extending effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Si
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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8
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In-situ and controllable synthesis of graphene-gold nanoparticles/molecularly imprinted polymers composite modified electrode for sensitive and selective rutin detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Kalinová JP, Vrchotová N, Tříska J. Phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) achenes. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bajkacz S, Baranowska I, Buszewski B, Kowalski B, Ligor M. Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Plant Materials Using SLE-SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ge F, Qi MM, Liu LN, Yan J, Kang A, Zhu SL, Ji Y, Tian ZC, Dai HF, Ge NJ. Tissue distribution of main active components of Fagopyrum cymosum extracts in mice with ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:3123-3132. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i35.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the tissue distribution of the main active components of Fagopyrum cymosum (FAG) extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.
METHODS LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B2, four main components of FAG extracts, in different mouse biological samples. The method was then validated by specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, and stability tests. Ulcerative colitis was then induced in mice by administering 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 d. The plasma, liver, jejunum, and colon samples from normal mice or ulcerative colitis mice were collected to analyze the distribution of the main active components of FAG extracts in mice after oral administration of FAG extracts (2.24 g/kg).
RESULTS The initial method validation indicated that the LC-MS/MS method could be used for determining the concentrations of catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins B1, and procyanidins B2 in mouse biological samples. The plasma exposures of catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins B1, and procyanidins B2 were increased in the DSS induced colitis mice compared with normal mice, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). However, in the tissue distribution study, we found that the concentrations of the main components of FAG in different tissue samples were significantly increased when compared with the normal mice. Taking epicatechin as an example, the concentration of epicatechin in the colitis tissue was significantly increased from 4.44 μg/g ± 0.32 μg/g to 5.77 μg/g ± 0.59 μg/g (P = 0.0014).
CONCLUSION Increased systemic exposures of main active components of FAG in ulcerative colitis may be beneficial for the therapeutic effects of FAG on ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Ming Qi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Yan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - An Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Lin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hai'an County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nai-Jian Ge
- Mini-invasive Intervention Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Žvikas V, Pukelevičienė V, Ivanauskas L, Romanovskaja D, Jakštas V. Evaluation of phenolic antioxidant content in organically and conventionally grown buckwheat herb crop and its regrowth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3278-3283. [PMID: 27976406 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buckwheat herb is known in the pharmaceutical industry as a material rich in phenolics. Buckwheat is also capable of regrowing and producing an additional harvest in the same year. Although buckwheat herb is a popular material, it is not known whether the regrowth has features of the same quality as the first harvest. Therefore, using the herb of 15 varieties of buckwheat cultivated in Lithuania, the present study aimed to examine biometric properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activity as material quality indicators for buckwheat herb and its regrowth under organic and conventional farming conditions. RESULTS The highest amount of rutin was indicated in the organically cultivated regrowth of 2015. Buckwheat material accumulated significantly (P < 0.05) lower amounts of other phenolics. A significant correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed in the herb and its regrowth in both farming systems. CONCLUSION Regrowth was of similar quality to the first harvest in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant activity, although a downward trend in several biometric features was observed: the height of the regrowth plants was up to two-fold smaller and biomass was five- to nine-fold lower compared to that of the first harvest plants. Organic and industrial farming systems were determined to produce plants of similar quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidotas Žvikas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Pukelevičienė
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Danuta Romanovskaja
- Voke Branch of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Žalioji a. 2, Trakų Vokė, LT-02232 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakštas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Phytopharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Maza E, Fernández H, Zon MA, Moressi MB. Electrochemical determination of fisetin using gold electrodes modified with thiol self-assembled monolayers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fan FY, Sang LX, Jiang M. Catechins and Their Therapeutic Benefits to Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:E484. [PMID: 28335502 PMCID: PMC6155401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are natural polyphenolic phytochemicals that exist in food and medicinal plants, such as tea, legume and rubiaceae. An increasing number of studies have associated the intake of catechins-rich foods with the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies have demonstrated that catechins could significantly inhibit the excessive oxidative stress through direct or indirect antioxidant effects and promote the activation of the antioxidative substances such as glutathione peroxidases (GPO) and glutathione (GSH), reducing the oxidative damages to the colon. In addition, catechins can also regulate the infiltration and proliferation of immune related-cells, such as neutrophils, colonic epithelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, helping reduce the inflammatory relations and provide benefits to IBD. Perhaps catechins can further inhibit the deterioration of intestinal lesions through regulating the cell gap junctions. Furthermore, catechins can exert their significant anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the activation or deactivation of inflammation-related oxidative stress-related cell signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), signal transducer and the activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) pathways. Finally, catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the IBD. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions (TJ) in the epithelium. This paper elaborates the currently known possible molecular mechanisms of catechins in favor of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Chiou YS, Huang Q, Ho CT, Wang YJ, Pan MH. Directly interact with Keap1 and LPS is involved in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate in LPS-induced macrophages and endotoxemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:1-16. [PMID: 26878775 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) interaction has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce oxidative stress-induced inflammation. However, its roles in regulating downstream events, including the cross talk between Nrf2 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), are not well defined. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanistic connection between Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and the transcription factor NF-κB and to investigate the function of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) in the repression of multiple inflammatory mediators. ECG attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediator expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the induction of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven glutathione (GSH) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, interference with NF-κB and Nfr2/ARE transcriptional activities, and suppression of the MAPKs (JNK1/2 and p38) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Importantly, anti-inflammatory effects of ECG partly require activation of ERK1/2 signaling to mediate HO-1 expression and Nrf2/ARE signaling activation. Furthermore, ECG may directly interact intracellularly with the Kelch repeat domains of Keap1 and bind to extracellular LPS, thereby promoting the nuclear accumulation of the Nrf2 protein and blockading the activation of LPS-induced downstream target signaling pathways. Consistent with in vitro studies, ECG attenuates pathological syndromes of LPS-induced sepsis and systemic inflammation. Our results identified ECG as a novel Keap1-Nrf2 interaction disruptor and LPS-induced TLR4 activation inhibitor, thereby providing an innovative strategy to prevent or treat immune, oxidative stress and inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A. Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different extracts of Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Bremek leaves grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:422. [PMID: 26613959 PMCID: PMC4662829 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Strobilanthes crispus is a well-known herb in Malaysia with various pharmaceutical properties. S. crispus is known to contain several biologically active chemical constituents which are responsible for its pharmaceutical quality. Methods Strobilanthes crispus leaves grown in three different locations in Malaysia [Kelantan (North-east), Selangor (Central), and Penang (North)], were investigated for differences in the content of secondary metabolites [total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and total saponins content (TSC)] as well as for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The anticancer activity of extracts against HeLa cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results Samples from the three different locations when extracted with two solvents (aqueous and ethanol extracts) yielded significantly different results for TPC, TFC, and TSC as well as for antioxidant activity. Aqueous extract of S. crispus leaves collected from Kelantan exhibited the highest values: TPC [12.62 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry matter (DM)], TFC (7.44 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g DM), TSC (44.7 mg diosgenin equivalents (DE)/g DM), DPPH (73.8 %), and FRAP (267.5 μM of Fe (II)/g) activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 44.1 μg/mL compared to the extracts of leaves collected from the other two locations. The most important secondary metabolites identified in this study, based on concentration, were phenolics classified as followed: caffeic acid>ferulic acid>gallic acid>chlorogenic acid>trans-cinnamic acid; flavonoids: quercetin>rutin>catechin>apigenin>naringenin>kaempferol. Extracts of leaves collected from Kelantan exhibited better anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cell line with an IC50 of 182.5 μg/mL compared to the extracts of leaves from Selangor (IC50 = 266.4 μg/mL) and Penang (IC50 = 331.5 μg/mL) and to tamoxifen (IC50 = 63.4 μg/mL). S. crispus leaves with the highest content of secondary metabolites exhibited the most potent antioxidant and anticancer activity. Conclusions Therefore, based on the potent antioxidant and anticancer activity of leaves extracts, it appears that S. crispus grown in the North-east of Malaysia (Kelantan) is a potential source of anticarcinogenic therapeutic compounds.
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Kusu F. Development and Application of Electroanalytical Methods in Biomedical Fields. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:415-30. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyo Kusu
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Morina F, Takahama U, Yamauchi R, Hirota S, Veljovic-Jovanovic S. Quercetin 7-O-glucoside suppresses nitrite-induced formation of dinitrosocatechins and their quinones in catechin/nitrite systems under stomach simulating conditions. Food Funct 2015; 6:219-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Catechins in foods can be transformed into dinitrosocatechins and the quinones by salivary nitrite in the stomach, and the transformation can be suppressed by flavonols including quercetin and its 7-O-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filis Morina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade 11030
- Republic of Serbia
| | - Umeo Takahama
- Department of Bioscience
- Kyushu Dental University
- Kitakyushu 803-8580
- Japan
| | - Ryo Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Life Science
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirota
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences
- University of East Asia
- Shimonoseki 751-8503
- Japan
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19
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Takahama U, Yamauchi R, Hirota S. Reactions of (+)-catechin with salivary nitrite and thiocyanate under conditions simulating the gastric lumen: Production of dinitrosocatechin and its thiocyanate conjugate. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:956-66. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.929121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Veljovic-Jovanovic S, Morina F, Yamauchi R, Hirota S, Takahama U. Interactions between (+)-catechin and quercetin during their oxidation by nitrite under the conditions simulating the stomach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4951-4959. [PMID: 24785370 DOI: 10.1021/jf500860s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When foods that contain catechins and quercetin glycosides are ingested, quercetin glycosides are hydrolyzed to quercetin during mastication by hydrolytic enzymes derived from oral bacteria and the generated quercetin aglycone is mixed with catechins in saliva. The present study deals with the interactions between (+)-catechin and quercetin during their reactions with nitrous acid under the conditions simulating the gastric lumen. Nitrous acid reacted with (+)-catechin producing 6,8-dinitrosocatechin, and quercetin partially suppressed the dinitrosocatechin formation. Nitric oxide, which was produced by not only (+)-catechin/nitrous acid but also quercetin/nitrous acid systems, was used to produce 6,8-dinitrosocatechin. Furthermore, 6,8-dinitrosocatechin was oxidized by nitrous acid to the quinone form. The quinone formation was significantly suppressed by quercetin. Quercetin-dependent suppression of the above reactions accompanied the oxidation of quercetin, which was observed with the formation of 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone. Taking the above results into account, we proposed a possible mechanism of 6,8-dinitrosocatechin formation and discuss the importance of quercetin to prevent the quinone formation from 6,8-dinitrosocatechin in the gastric lumen, taking the interactions between quercetin and catechins into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Veljovic-Jovanovic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade 11030, Republic of Serbia
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21
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Chu KO, Chan SO, Pang CP, Wang CC. Pro-oxidative and antioxidative controls and signaling modification of polyphenolic phytochemicals: contribution to health promotion and disease prevention? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4026-4038. [PMID: 24779775 DOI: 10.1021/jf500080z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic phytochemicals (PPs) have been extensively studied as potential nutriceuticals for maintenance of health and treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the reported beneficial outcomes are inconsistent. The biological activities of PPs have been attributed to their pro-oxidative and antioxidative actions and effects on signaling mechanisms and epigenomic modifications. These diversified properties were described or postulated on the basis of a variety of experimental studies using cell culture and animal models, even though most have not been replicated and results are not validated. This review attempts to give an overview of biological properties of PPs, based on the coherent results from relevant studies, and evaluate critically the experimental conditions and possible artifacts. Complicated molecular mechanisms and multitargeting genomic interactions of PPs are discussed, with a view that reasonable mechanistic propositions are usually obtained from well-designed in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon, Hong Kong
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22
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Wiczkowski W, Szawara-Nowak D, Dębski H, Mitrus J, Horbowicz M. Comparison of flavonoids profile in sprouts of common buckwheat cultivars and wild tartary buckwheat. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences; Tuwima 10 10-747 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences; Tuwima 10 10-747 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Henryk Dębski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; 08-110 Siedlce Prusa 12 Siedlce Poland
| | - Joanna Mitrus
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; 08-110 Siedlce Prusa 12 Siedlce Poland
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; 08-110 Siedlce Prusa 12 Siedlce Poland
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23
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Liu M, Deng J, Chen Q, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Yao S. Sensitive detection of rutin with novel ferrocene benzyne derivative modified electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Tan H, Xu W, Zhao A, Zhou L, Liu M, Tan F, Zou Y, Wang Y. Determination of Catechins and Purine Alkaloids in Tea by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.694130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Zhang ZL, Zhou ML, Tang Y, Li FL, Tang YX, Shao JR, Xue WT, Wu YM. Bioactive compounds in functional buckwheat food. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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da Silva JG, e Silva MRL, de Oliveira AC, SouzaDe JR, Vaz CMP, de Castro CSP. Cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of rutin in soybean cultivars. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Kalinova J, Vrchotova N. The influence of organic and conventional crop management, variety and year on the yield and flavonoid level in common buckwheat groats. Food Chem 2011; 127:602-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Singh SK, Ghnimi S, Trébouet D. Studies on Development on Methodology for Extraction of Phenolic Compound from Hydro-Alcoholic Wood Extracts. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.534758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Verardo V, Gomez-Caravaca AM, Segura-Carretero A, Caboni MF, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Development of a CE-ESI-microTOF-MS method for a rapid identification of phenolic compounds in buckwheat. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:669-73. [PMID: 21365659 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive CE-ESI-MS analytical method for the identification of buckwheat antioxidants has been developed. CE and ESI-TOF parameters (e.g. buffer composition and pH, sheath liquid composition, sheath liquid and gas flow rates, electrospray voltage) were optimized to obtain an optimal analytical separation and identification. The results confirmed the presence of phenolic acids, procyanidins and galloylated propelargonidins. The identification of swertiamacroside and 2-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosil-benzoic acid, found for the first time in our previous work, has been confirmed. Furthermore, 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavan and dihydroxy-trimethoxyisoflavan have also been tentatively identified for the first time in buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Verardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università di Bologna, Cesena (FC) Italy
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30
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Trojanowicz M. Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 688:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Sedej I, Mandić A, Sakač M, Mišan A, Tumbas V. Comparison of Antioxidant Components and Activity of Buckwheat and Wheat Flours. Cereal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-02-10-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sedej
- Institute for Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Corresponding author. Phone: +381 21 485 3812. Fax: + 381 21 450 725. E-mail:
| | - Anamarija Mandić
- Institute for Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marijana Sakač
- Institute for Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mišan
- Institute for Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tumbas
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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32
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Composition and antioxidative properties of the flavonoid-rich fractions from tartary buckwheat grains. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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33
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Dadáková E, Kalinová J. Determination of quercetin glycosides and free quercetin in buckwheat by capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1633-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Takahama U, Tanaka M, Hirota S, Yamauchi R. Formation of an oxathiolone compound from rutin in acidic mixture of saliva and buckwheat dough: Possibility of its occurrence in the stomach. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Kim DW, Hwang IK, Lim SS, Yoo KY, Li H, Kim YS, Kwon DY, Moon WK, Kim DW, Won MH. Germinated Buckwheat extract decreases blood pressure and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in aortic endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytother Res 2009; 23:993-8. [PMID: 19140152 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thee present study analysed the quantification of rutin in raw buckwheat extract (RBE) and germinated buckwheat extract (GBE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and examined changes in body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and nitrotyrosine (a marker for peroxynitrite formation) immunoreactivity in aortic endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats after treatment with RBE and GBE for 5 weeks. In the HPLC study, RBE and GBE contained a mean content of rutin of 1.52 +/- 0.21 and 2.92 +/- 0.88 mg/g, respectively. In the 600 mg/kg GBE-treated group, SBP was lower than that in the 600 mg/kg RBE-treated group. The treatment with RBE and/or GBE significantly reduced oxidative damage in aortic endothelial cells by lowering nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. These results suggest that GBE has an antihypertensive effect and may protect arterial endothelial cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Kim
- Central Research Institute, Natural F&P Co. Ltd, Chuncheon 200-163, South Korea.
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36
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Kalinova J, Vrchotova N. Level of catechin, myricetin, quercetin and isoquercitrin in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), changes of their levels during vegetation and their effect on the growth of selected weeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2719-25. [PMID: 19253962 DOI: 10.1021/jf803633f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat is well-known as a crop rich in flavonoids, however, attention has usually only been paid to the main flavonoid rutin as an important natural antioxidant or as a possible allelopathic compound. Therefore, some of the other constituents found within individual plant parts of buckwheat (isoquercitrin, quercetin, catechin, and myricetin), as well as changes of their level during the growing season, were determined by HPLC analysis. The effects of these compounds on plant growth were proved on seven plant species. In buckwheat, isoquercitrin represented the largest component of the selected compounds. The strongest inhibitive effects on the growth of those selected plants were produced by catechin. Quercetin and isoquercitrin had weak inhibitive effects. Myricetin did not show any influence on plant growth. Hence we suppose that myricetin, isoquercetin and quercetin do not have important function in allelopathy of buckwheat. Buckwheat as row material for functional foods could be a significant source of another antioxidant, isoquercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kalinova
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentska 13, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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37
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Xie X, Zhou D, Zheng X, Huang W, Wu K. Electrochemical Sensing of Rutin Using an MCM-41 Modified Electrode. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902722038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Lin LY, Peng CC, Yang YL, Peng RY. Optimization of bioactive compounds in buckwheat sprouts and their effect on blood cholesterol in hamsters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1216-1223. [PMID: 18217700 DOI: 10.1021/jf072886x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient levels in buckwheats that were maximized in day 8 sprouts (D8SP) included total phenolics, quercetin, and l-ascorbic acid, whereas those of oxalic, malic, tartaric, and citric acids, rutin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were found to reach maximum levels on day 10. Ethanolic extract of D8SP (2.5 mg/mL) revealed potent free-radical scavenging (FRS) and antioxidative (ANO) capabilities. However, its Fe2+-chelating capability was only moderate. To further study the hypolipidemic activity of D8SP, 36 Syrian hamsters were grouped into six groups and fed for 28 days, respectively, with (i) control meal, (ii) high fat plus high cholesterol meal, (iii) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 2.5% of buckwheat seeds, (iv) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 25% of buckwheat seeds, (v) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 2.5% of D8SP, and (vi) high fat plus high cholesterol plus 25% of D8SP. High seed meal prominently enhanced body weight gain, whereas high sprout meal exhibited the highest feed efficiency. Ratios of liver/body weight (L/B) were significantly lowered by all BS meals. Although low seed meal reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) levels (p<0.05), its effect was still inferior to the high seed and sprout meals (p<0.01). In contrast, serum triglyceride (TG) levels were lowered only by the high seed and sprout meals (p<0.05). Alternatively, levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly suppressed by all buckwheat meals (p<0.01). Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased, however, insignificantly. Nutraceutically more meaningful is that both LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were significantly lowered (p<0.01). Apparently, hepatic TC levels were significantly reduced, whereas hepatic TG levels were totally unaffected. Conclusively, sprouting triggers a variety of nutritional changes in buckwheats. Day 8 sprouts, consisting of high polyphenolic and moderate quercetin contents, are nutraceutically maximized when hypocholesterolemic, hypotriglyceridemic, and antioxidative activities are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, Taiwan
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