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Silva ARST, Costa AMB, Scher R, Andrade-Neto VV, Sarmento VHV, Santos ADJ, Torres-Santos EC, Jain S, Nunes RDS, Menna-Barreto RFS, Dolabella SS. Effect of 3-Carene and the Micellar Formulation on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:324. [PMID: 37368742 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The drugs used in treatment have a high financial cost, a long treatment time, high toxicity, and variable efficacy. 3-Carene (3CR) is a hydrocarbon monoterpene that has shown in vitro activity against some Leishmania species; however, it has low water solubility and high volatility. This study aimed to develop Poloxamer 407 micelles capable of delivering 3CR (P407-3CR) to improve antileishmanial activity. The micelles formulated presented nanometric size, medium or low polydispersity, and Newtonian fluid rheological behavior. 3CR and P407-3CR inhibited the growth of L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote with IC50/48h of 488.1 ± 3.7 and 419.9 ±1.5 mM, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that 3CR induces multiple nuclei and kinetoplast phenotypes and the formation of numerous cytosolic invaginations. Additionally, the micelles were not cytotoxic to L929 cells or murine peritoneal macrophages, presenting activity on intracellular amastigotes. P407-3CR micelles (IC50/72 h = 0.7 ± 0.1 mM) increased the monoterpene activity by at least twice (3CR: IC50/72 h >1.5 mM). These results showed that P407 micelles are an effective nanosystem for delivering 3CR and potentiating antileishmanial activity. More studies are needed to evaluate this system as a potential therapeutic option for leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Scher
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Valter Viana Andrade-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana de Jesus Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caio Torres-Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Sona Jain
- Programa de Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rogéria de Souza Nunes
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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Chutimanukul P, Jindamol H, Thongtip A, Korinsak S, Romyanon K, Toojinda T, Darwell CT, Wanichananan P, Panya A, Kaewsri W, Auvuchanon A, Mosaleeyanon K, Chutimanukul P. Physiological responses and variation in secondary metabolite content among Thai holy basil cultivars ( Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) grown under controlled environmental conditions in a plant factory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008917. [PMID: 36340360 PMCID: PMC9634403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a widely used herb containing several bioactive compounds of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plant factories using artificial lighting (PFAL) is a modern agricultural system that offers opportunity to improve crop production and stabilizes productivity in many herbal plants. However, little is known about the variation among holy basil varieties that can be cultivated and provide reasonable biomass and bioactive compounds in PFAL. We therefore evaluated 10 Thai accessions and two commercial cultivars in a PFAL (with hydroponic cultivation) to categorize cultivar characteristics by investigating physiological responses and secondary metabolite variation at plant flowering stage. Among Thai varieties, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly highest in varieties OC059 and OC081. The greatest growth and biomass measures were observed in OC064. Antioxidant capacity also varied, with the greatest accumulation of total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay in OC064, and highest terpenoid content in OC194. The accumulation of major compounds confirmed by showing the highest levels of eugenol in OC057, OC063, OC194, and OC195 and methyl eugenol in OC072 and OC081. The highest α-humulene content was found in OC059. PCA based on physiological responses and secondary metabolites indicate that OC064 was clearly distinguished from other cultivars/accessions. These findings demonstrate variation across holy basil accessions for physiologic responses, antioxidant capacity, and secondary compounds in PFAL. These insights lead to identification of suitable varieties which is the most important step of developing an efficient method for producing high quality raw materials of Thai holy basil for supplying the foods and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Hathairut Jindamol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Akira Thongtip
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Siripar Korinsak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Romyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Clive Terence Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Praderm Wanichananan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wilailak Kaewsri
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anyamanee Auvuchanon
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, sNakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Preuk Chutimanukul
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
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Pyne N, Paul S. Screening of medicinal plants unraveled the leishmanicidal credibility of Garcinia cowa; highlighting Norcowanin, a novel anti-leishmanial phytochemical through in-silico study. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:202-214. [PMID: 35299910 PMCID: PMC8901847 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, one of the most prevalent yet neglected parasitic causes of death, yearns for therapeutic control and treatment. Severely toxic and inefficient modern-day pentavalent antimonials, caters the search for naturally derived drugs, as efficient alternatives for disease treatment. The anti-promastigote activity of ten different plants selected for their ethnomedicinal properties revealed significant leishmanicidal capacity; the most potent being Garcinia cowa methanolic extract with an IC50 value of 21.4 µg/ml. Garcinia cowa, a plant endemic to North-Eastern India that is of the Clusiaceae family, is replete with such medicinal qualities as antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antiproliferative activities. Computational biology with its tools such as molecular docking has opened new horizons aimed at a better understanding of biological systems, complexes, and their interactions, and subsequently drug discovery via in silico techniques. Therefore, an in-silico study was designed to evaluate the binding capability of six phytochemicals- cowanin, cowanol, cowaxanthone, norcowanin, rubraxanthone, and a basic xanthone, found in Garcinia cowa against Pentamidine, a synthetic anti-leishmanial drug. The active sites of three characteristic enzymes belonging to the Leishmania donovani parasite: O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), Trypanothione reductase (TryR), and N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) were chosen as target proteins. Results revealed lower binding energies and higher affinities, of nearly all the phytochemicals with respect to Pentamidine, indicating their leishmanicidal potential. Norcowanin showed the lowest average binding of - 9.8 kcal/mol against all the three enzymes under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Pyne
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Santanu Paul
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
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Volatile Organic Compounds from Basil Essential Oils: Plant Taxonomy, Biological Activities, and Their Applications in Tropical Fruit Productions. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basils of the genus Ocimum are aromatic plants grown widely throughout the tropical and temperate regions. The essential oils obtained from their aerial parts are enriched with volatile organic compounds with high market demand for food and pharmaceutical industries. The volatile organic compounds have been shown to exhibit biological activities. Therefore, their novel applications have been extensively explored in the last few decades. The most widely available basils in the tropical areas include white holy basil (O. sanctum var. Shyama), red holy basil (O. sanctum var. Rama), Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum), lemon basil (O. citriodorum), and tree basil (O. gratissimum). Over 60 volatiles of different classes have been exclusively described, and some of them could be useful as biomarkers for genotype specification. The major volatile ingredient is the phenylpropanoids, such as methyl eugenol, which has the potential as a natural product for mitigating Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) during tropical fruit production. Moreover, basil essential oils are also used to control diseases of the fruits during post-harvest storage. As a result, the application of basil essential oils as a sustainable defect control strategy for tropical fruit value chains seems intriguing. This review provides comprehensive information on plant taxonomy and volatile compositions of the essential oil fractions from different basil species. Their biological activities and applications are also discussed, mainly during the pre- and post-production of tropical fruits. Additionally, the available techniques to enhance the efficacy of the volatile active compounds are also described.
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Ciriello M, Formisano L, Soteriou GA, Kyratzis A, De Pascale S, Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y. Differential Response to NaCl Osmotic Stress in Sequentially Harvested Hydroponic Red and Green Basil and the Role of Calcium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:799213. [PMID: 35356126 PMCID: PMC8959763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.799213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a heterogeneous reservoir of bioactive compounds that provide recognized benefits to human health, rendering it a model aromatic herb. Notwithstanding the application of nutritional stress, such as sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity, which mainly affects the primary metabolism, it also triggers adaptive mechanisms that involve the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Genotype selection and the exogenous application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) help minimize salinity's suppressive effects on growth. In the present study, we hypothesize that the ratio of different salt types may induce differential responses in the function of preharvest factors in hydroponic basil culture. In this perspective, the stock nutrient solution (Control) was supplemented with 12.5 mm NaCl + 8.33 mm CaCl2 (Moderate Mix), 25 mm NaCl (Moderate NaCl), 25 mm NaCl + 16.66 of CaCl2 (High Mix), or 50 mM of NaCl (High NaCl) with the objective of evaluating the different impact of salinity on yield, sensory quality (color and aroma profile), and the accumulation of minerals and bioactive compounds in two successive harvests of green and red basil cultivars. Although more productive (+39.0% fresh weight) than the red one, the green cultivar exhibited higher susceptibility to salinity, especially under the High Mix and High NaCl treatments. The addition of CaCl2 to the High Mix solution reduced the sodium by 70.4% and increased the total polyphenols by 21.5% compared to the equivalent isomolar solution (High NaCl). The crop performance in terms of fresh and dry yield improved for both cultivars at the second cut. Regardless of cultivar and salt treatment, successive harvests also increased the concentration of phenols and vitamin C (29.7 and 61.5%, respectively) while reducing (-6.9%) eucalyptol, the most abundant aromatic compound in both cultivars. Salinity, as well as the mechanical stress induced by cutting, improved the functional quality of basil. However, the productive responses to the conditions imposed in our work once again highlighted the importance of genetic background. Specifically, CaCl2 in the Moderate Mix solution preserved fresh leaf weight in the most stress-sensitive green cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angelos Kyratzis
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Youssef Rouphael,
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Guo X, Schwab W, Ho CT, Song C, Wan X. Characterization of the aroma profiles of oolong tea made from three tea cultivars by both GC-MS and GC-IMS. Food Chem 2021; 376:131933. [PMID: 34971890 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tea cultivar is crucial for oolong tea aroma quality. However, the aroma characteristics of oolong tea made from different cultivars have rarely been studied. The aroma profiles of fresh tea leaves and oolong teas derived from Shuixian (SX), Huangmeigui (HMG) and Zimudan (ZMD) cultivars were comprehensively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), sensory evaluation and odor activity value (OAV) determination. 12 volatiles (OAV>1) contributed to the overall aroma, of which benzeneacetaldehyde (OAV 2.14) and 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine (OAV 1.25) were the aroma-active compounds for HMG tea. Significantly more volatiles and stronger floral odor were from HMG and ZMD than the SX tea. Moreover, popcorn-like, creamy odors with high-intensity, and caramel-like odor were only recorded in HMG and ZMD samples. Additionally, 27 volatiles were identified by GC-IMS only, indicating the benefits of combined method for a better understanding of the impact of cultivars on tea aroma profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang Ave W, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Deng X, Shi B, Ye Z, Huang M, Chen R, Cai Y, Kuang Z, Sun X, Bian G, Deng Z, Liu T. Systematic identification of Ocimum sanctum sesquiterpenoid synthases and (-)-eremophilene overproduction in engineered yeast. Metab Eng 2021; 69:122-133. [PMID: 34781019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural active products have attracted increasing attention for use in flavors and perfumes. These compounds also have applications in insect pest control because of their environment-friendly properties. Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum), a famous herb used in Ayurveda in India, is a natural source of medical healing agents and insecticidal repellents. Despite the available genomic sequences and genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of terpene synthase genes, the functionality of the sesquiterpene genes involved in the unique fragrance and insecticidal activities of Holy basil are largely unknown. In this study, we systematically screened the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis genes in this plant using a precursor-providing yeast system. The enzymes that synthesize β-caryophyllene and its close isomer α-humulene were successfully identified. The enzymatic product of OsaTPS07 was characterized by in vivo mining, in vitro reaction, and NMR detection. This product was revealed as (-)-eremophilene. We created a mutant yeast strain that can achieve a high-yield titer by adjusting the gene copy number and FPP precursor enhancement. An optimized two-stage fed-batch fermentation method achieved high biosynthetic capacity, with a titer of 34.6 g/L cyclic sesquiterpene bioproduction in a 15-L bioreactor. Further insect-repelling assays demonstrated that (-)-eremophilene repelled the insect pest, fall leafworm, suggesting the potential of (-)-eremophilene as an alternative to synthetic chemicals for agricultural pest control. This study highlights the potential of our microbial platform for the bulk mining of plant-derived ingredients and provides an impressive cornerstone for their industrial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Deng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 470074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Drug Solubilization and Delivery Technology Research Center, Wuhan Vocational College of Software and Engineering, Wuhan, 430205, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Huang
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 470074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 470074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Chiruta V. Medical food development by dietetic management of the endocannabinoid system through dietary sources of β-caryophyllene. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To research the biological impact on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) from dietary sources of [Formula: see text]-caryophyllene (BCP). This will encompass pre-clinical and clinical research for BCP. The bioavailability of BCP will be explored, focusing on bioavailability improvement. This research will establish if there is justification to warrant the development of a medical food for supporting the ECS through dietetic supplementation of BCP. Methods: Research and review papers were identified through the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Main keywords included [Formula: see text]-caryophyllene, endocannabinoid system, dietary cannabinoids, cannabinoid type-2 receptor, and bioavailability. Results: The human body is limited in the digestion of BCP from food. This is because BCP is poorly absorbed in the gut. Everyone has different underlying endocannabinoid efficiency and most people do not have the full potential of supporting their ECS through diet. Conclusion: A medical food can be developed to use BCP with a delivery system, so that the bioactive food cannabinoid is readily absorbed. This will deliver dietary support to the ECS, that otherwise would be available from food. This review provides insight into the efficacy of using BCP in medical foods as dietary support for the ECS. Supporting the ECS can assist in maintaining homeostasis, regulating immune function, pain intensity, inflammatory markers, sleep patterns, mood, appetite, and stress susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chiruta
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, 101 Currie Street, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Ciriello M, Formisano L, El-Nakhel C, Kyriacou MC, Soteriou GA, Pizzolongo F, Romano R, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Genotype and Successive Harvests Interaction Affects Phenolic Acids and Aroma Profile of Genovese Basil for Pesto Sauce Production. Foods 2021; 10:278. [PMID: 33573127 PMCID: PMC7911349 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an essential ingredient of the Mediterranean cuisine due to its distinctive aroma. Genovese basil leaves are used to prepare "pesto", a condiment that has always caught the interest of consumers and producers. Usually, basil for industrial processing is harvested more than once to extract a higher yield. However, successive cuts can affect quality traits that play a crucial role in defining the product's final sensory profile. This research was aimed to evaluate the impact of cut on the quantitative and qualitative properties of three Genovese basil cultivars (Aroma 2, Eleonora and Italiano Classico) grown in an open field. Nitrate content, phenolic acids and aromatic profile were determined by ion chromatography (IC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis, respectively. The second harvest increased fresh biomass and total phenolic acids content by 172% and 413%, respectively, with Italiano Classico recording the highest values. The combination of second-cut Aroma 2 yielded the lowest nitrate (473.8 mg kg-1 of fresh weight) and Eugenol (2.4%) levels. In the second harvest, Eleonora showed an increase in eugenol and trans-α-bergamotene of 75.3% and 48.2%, respectively; whereas, eucalyptol and β-cis-ocimene decreased by 34.4% and 51.6%, respectively. Although successive harvests may increase basil yield and quality overall, the cultivar-dependent response to successive cuts needs to be accounted for in order to accomplish standardization of industrial "pesto" sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Georgios A. Soteriou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (M.C.K.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.); (C.E.-N.); (F.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.P.)
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Du J, He X, Zhou Y, Zhai C, Yu D, Zhang S, Chen Q, Wan X. Gene Coexpression Network Reveals Insights into the Origin and Evolution of a Theanine-Associated Regulatory Module in Non- Camellia and Camellia Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:615-626. [PMID: 33372777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Theanine (thea) is one of the most important plant-derived characteristic secondary metabolites and a major healthcare product because of its beneficial biological activities, such as being an antianxiety agent, promoting memory, and lowering blood pressure. Thea mostly accumulates in Camellia plants and is especially rich in Camellia sinensis (tea plant). Although some functional genes (e.g., TS, GOGAT, and GS) attributed to thea accumulation have been separately well explored in tea plants, the evolution of a regulatory module (highly interacting gene group) related to thea metabolism remains to be elaborated. Herein, a thea-associated regulatory module (TARM) was mined by using a comprehensive analysis of a weighted gene coexpression network in Camellia and non-Camellia species. Comparative genomic analysis of 84 green plant species revealed that TARM originated from the ancestor of green plants (algae) and that TARM genes were recruited from different evolutionary nodes with the most gene duplication events at the early stage. Among the TARM genes, two core transcription factors of NAC080 and LBD38 were deduced, which may play a crucial role in regulating the biosynthesis of thea. Our findings provide the first insights into the origin and evolution of TARM and indicate a promising paradigm for identifying vital regulatory genes involved in thea metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yeman Zhou
- College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chenchen Zhai
- College of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - De'en Yu
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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“Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigation of methanolic extract/fraction of Ocimum basilicum L.”. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Ciriello M, Formisano L, El-Nakhel C, Corrado G, Pannico A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Morpho-Physiological Responses and Secondary Metabolites Modulation by Preharvest Factors of Three Hydroponically Grown Genovese Basil Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671026. [PMID: 33981328 PMCID: PMC8107287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an economically important leafy vegetable especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italian gastronomy, the large elliptical leaves of the Genovese type are mostly used for the well-known pesto sauce, and almost all (>90%) professional production is for the food industry. The growing demand for fresh leaves with standardized technological and sensory characteristics has prompted basil producers to adopt advanced cultivation methods such as the floating raft system (FRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive, qualitative, and physiological performance of three Genovese basil cultivars ("Aroma 2," "Eleonora," and "Italiano Classico") in two successive harvests and at two densities (159 and 317 plants m-2). Caffeic, chicoric, rosmarinic, and ferulic acid were determined through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, whereas the extraction and quantification of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). "Aroma 2" showed the highest fresh yield and photosynthetic rate together with the lowest nitrate content. For all the tested cultivars, the higher density, while reducing the number of leaves per plant, resulted in higher fresh and dry production per unit area, without altering the aroma profile. Successive harvests resulted in a significant increase in both the yield (37.5%) and the total phenolic acids (75.1%) and favored Eucalyptol and 1-octen-3-ol accumulation (+25.9 and +15.1%, respectively). The here presented comprehensive and multifactorial assessment of the productive and qualitative response of basil provides evidence of the positive effects (from biomass to specialized metabolites) that can be obtained from the management of the pre-harvest factors in soilless cultivation. In addition, it also highlights the role and constraints of the genetic factor in the observed response. We also discuss the implications of our work considering the impact for the food processing industry. Future research may explore the phenolic acids accumulation as a possible fortification means to extend the pesto sauce shelf life, reducing the need of added antioxidants and thermal processing.
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Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Cultivation in Decoupled Aquaponics with Three Hydro-Components (Grow Pipes, Raft, Gravel) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Production in Northern Germany. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) was cultivated in northern Germany in three different hydroponic components: grow pipes, a raft, and an ebb-and-flood gravel substrate. The nutrients originated from the intensive production of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with 140 fish/m3 under decoupled aquaponic conditions. After 41 days, plants were significantly taller in the gravel components (101.8 ± 8.3 cm), followed by the grow pipes (96.7 ± 7.0 cm), and the raft (94.8 ± 8.6 cm) components (gravel > grow pipes = raft). The leaf number was high and not significantly different between the grow pipes (518.0 ± 81.4), gravel (515.1 ± 133.0), and raft components (493.7 ± 124.8; grow pipes = raft = gravel). Basil in the grow-pipe subsystems developed rapid root growth and clogged the pipes with heterogeneous plant growth. Basil production in northern Germany in grow-pipe, raft, and gravel hydro-components is possible by using effluents from intensive C. gariepinus aquaculture without additional fertilizer in the plant grow-out phase. Further research should focus on optimizing grow pipes by maintaining an optimal root–water contact area, as well as on new technologies such as aquaponics (s.l.) gardening.
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Lam NS, Long X, Su XZ, Lu F. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its monoterpene constituents in treating protozoan and helminthic infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Leigh-de Rapper S, van Vuuren SF. Odoriferous Therapy: A Review Identifying Essential Oils against Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000062. [PMID: 32207224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the body of scientific information available on the antimicrobial properties of essential oils against pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and critically compares this to what is recommended in the Layman's aroma-therapeutic literature. Essential oils are predominantly indicated for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by bacteria or viruses (total 79.0 %), the efficacy of which has not been confirmed through clinical trials. When used in combination, they are often blended for presumed holistic synergistic effects. Of the essential oils recommended, all show some degree of antioxidant activity, 50.0 % demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects and 83.3 % of the essential oils showed antihistaminic activity. Of the essential oils reviewed, 43.8 % are considered non-toxic while the remaining essential oils are considered slightly to moderately toxic (43.7 %) or the toxicity is unknown (12.5 %). Recommendations are made for further research into essential oil combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Leigh-de Rapper
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Joy N, Berle D, Affolter J, Pegg RB. Employing predicted response factors and a validated chromatographic method for the relative quantitation of holy basil essential oils. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1772135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Joy
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
| | - David Berle
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
| | - James Affolter
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ronald B. Pegg
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, USA
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Qiu F, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wang H, Liu X, Su X. Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and Different Chemotype Expression Profile Analysis of Genes Related to Monoterpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum porrectum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246230. [PMID: 31835605 PMCID: PMC6941020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of C. porrectum are rich in essential oils containing monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds, but the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in C. porrectum is still unclear. In this paper, the differences in the contents and compositions of terpenoids among three chemotypes were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Furthermore, the differential expression of gene transcripts in the leaf tissues of the three C. porrectum chemotypes were analyzed through a comparison of full-length transcriptomes and expression profiles. The essential oil of the three C. porrectum chemotypes leaves was mainly composed of monoterpenes. In the full-length transcriptome of C. porrectum, 104,062 transcripts with 306,337,921 total bp, an average length of 2944 bp, and an N50 length of 5449 bp, were obtained and 94025 transcripts were annotated. In the eucalyptol and linalool chemotype, the camphor and eucalyptol chemotype, and the camphor and linalool chemotype comparison groups, 21, 22 and 18 terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes were identified respectively. Three monoterpene synthase genes, CpTPS3, CpTPS5 and CpTPS9, were upregulated in the eucalyptol chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and camphor chemotype. CpTPS1 was upregulated in the camphor chemotype compared to the linalool chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. CpTPS4 was upregulated in the linalool chemotype compared to the camphor chemotype and the eucalyptol chemotype. Different unigenes had different expression levels among the three chemotypes, but the unigene expression levels of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4phosphate (MEP) pathway were generally higher than those of the mevalonate acid (MVA) pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR) further validated these expression levels. The present study provides new clues for the functional exploration of the terpenoid synthesis mechanism and key genes in different chemotypes of C. porrectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xindong Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongjie Zheng
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongming Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China;
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanchang 30032, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6288-9627
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Effects of organic acid alone and in combination with H2O2 and NaCl on Escherichia coli O157:H7: An evaluation of antioxidant retention and overall acceptability in Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum). Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 292:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Machado KDC, Islam MT, Ali ES, Rouf R, Uddin SJ, Dev S, Shilpi JA, Shill MC, Reza HM, Das AK, Shaw S, Mubarak MS, Mishra SK, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. A systematic review on the neuroprotective perspectives of beta-caryophyllene. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2376-2388. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Ton Duc Thang University; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Eunüs S. Ali
- Department of Product Development; Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health; Bedford Park 5042 Adelaide Australia
| | - Razina Rouf
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University; Gopalganj Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Shrabanti Dev
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; North South University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Asish Kumar Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School; Khulna University; Khulna Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; 415 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | | | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology); Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University; Sagar India
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Costa S, Cavadas C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, do Céu Sousa M. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components. Exp Parasitol 2018; 190:34-40. [PMID: 29778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10-25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Costa
- Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Oliveira de Souza LI, Bezzera-Silva PC, do Amaral Ferraz Navarro DM, da Silva AG, Dos Santos Correia MT, da Silva MV, de Figueiredo RCBQ. The chemical composition and trypanocidal activity of volatile oils from Brazilian Caatinga plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1055-1064. [PMID: 29217159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential/volatile oils (EOs) from plants used in the traditional medicine are known as a rich source of chemically diverse compounds with relevant biological activities. In this work we analysed the chemical composition and the in vitro effects of EOs from leaves of Eugenia brejoensis (EBEO), Hyptis pectinata (HPEO), Hypenia salzmannii (HSEO), Lippia macrophylla (LMEO) and seeds of Syagrus coronata (SCEO) on Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The EOs were extracted through hydrodistillation and its chemical composition analysed by GC/MS. The trypanocidal activity against epi- and trypomastigotes was evaluated by optical microscopy and the cytotoxicity to mammalian cells by MTT. The effects of EOs on parasite infection in macrophages were estimated by determining the survival index and the percentage of infection inhibition. The cytotoxicity against mammalian cells was compared to those of parasite by determining the Selectivity Index (SI). Overall, 114 compounds were identified: The main constituents of EOS were: δ-cadinene (15.88%), trans-caryophyllene (9.77%) e α-Muurolol (9.42%) for EBEO; trans-caryophyllene (15.24%), bicyclogermacrene (7.33%) e cis-calamenene (7.15%) for HFEO; trans-caryophyllene (30.91%), caryophyllene oxide (13.19%) and spathulenol (5.68%) for HPEO; Xanthoxylin (17.20%) trans-caryophyllene (14.34%) and methyl-eugenol (5.60%) for HSEO; Thymol (49.81%), carvacrol (31.6%) and σ-cimene (10.27%) for LMEO and octanoic acid (38.83%) dodecanoic acid (38.45%) and decanoic acid (20.51%) for SCEO. All the tested oils showed an inhibitory effect on the growth and survival of all forms of T. cruzi and moderate cytotoxicity towards the mammalian cells (100 < CC50 < 500 μg/mL). The EO of E. brejoensis was the most effective against the parasite presenting higher Selectivity Index for trypo- (SI = 14.45) and amastigote forms (SI = 20.11). Except for SCEO, which was the most cytotoxic for both parasite and mammalian cells, all the oils demonstrated to be more selective for the parasite than the reference drug benznidazole. Taken together our results point the essential oils from Caatinga plants, especially Eugenia brejoensis, as promissory agents for the development of new drugs against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Isabela Oliveira de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães IAM-FIOCRUZ/PE, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus da UFPE, 50670-420 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Gomes da Silva
- Núcleo de Bioprospecção e Conservação da Caatinga, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações - INSA/MCTIC, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, 58429-970 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Núcleo de Bioprospecção e Conservação da Caatinga, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações - INSA/MCTIC, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, 58429-970 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Núcleo de Bioprospecção e Conservação da Caatinga, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações - INSA/MCTIC, Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Serrotão, 58429-970 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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The Effect of Harvesting on the Composition of Essential Oils from Five Varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. Cultivated in the Island of Kefalonia, Greece. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6030041. [PMID: 28927018 PMCID: PMC5620597 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. namely lettuce, cinnamon, minimum, latifolia, and violetto were separately cultivated in field and greenhouse in the island Kefalonia (Greece). The effect of successive harvesting to the essential oil content was evaluated. In total 23 samples of essential oils (EOs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Ninety-six constituents, which accounted for almost 99% of the oils, were identified. Cluster analysis was performed for all of the varieties in greenhouse and field conditions, in order to investigate the possible differentiation on the chemical composition of the essential oils, obtained between harvests during growing period. Each basil variety showed a unique chemical profile, but also the essential oil composition within each variety seems to be differentiated, affected by the harvests and the cultivation site.
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Hu W, Zhang N, Chen H, Zhong B, Yang A, Kuang F, Ouyang Z, Chun J. Fumigant Activity of Sweet Orange Essential Oil Fractions Against Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1556-1562. [PMID: 28444322 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sweet orange oil fractions were prepared by molecular distillation of cold-pressed orange oil from sample A (Citrus sinensis (L.) 'Hamlin' from America) and sample B (Citrus sinensis Osbeck 'Newhall' from China) respectively, and their fumigant activities against medium workers of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) were investigated. The volatile composition of the orange oil fractions was identified and quantified using GC-MS. Fractions from sample A (A1, A2, and A3) contained 23, 37, and 48 chemical constituents, and fractions from sample B (B1, B2, and B3) contained 18, 29, and 26 chemical constituents, respectively. Monoterpenes were the most abundant components, accounting for 73.56% to 94.86% of total orange oil fractions, among which D-limonene (65.28-80.18%), β-pinene (1.71-5.58%), 3-carene (0.41-4.01%), β-phellandrene (0.58-2.10%), and linalool (0.31-2.20%) were major constituents. Fumigant bioassay indicated that all orange oil fractions exerted good fumigant toxicity against workers of fire ants at 3, 5, 10, and 20 mg/centrifuge tubes, and B1 had the strongest insecticidal potential, followed by A1, B2, A2, B3, and A3. The fractions composed of more high volatile molecules (A1 and B1) showed greater fumigant effects than others. Compounds linalool and D-limonene, which were the constituents of the orange oil, exhibited excellent fumigant toxicity against red imported fire ant workers. Linalool killed red imported fire ant workers completely at 5, 10, and 20 mg/tube after 8 h of treatment, and D-limonene induced >86% mortality at 8 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Aixue Yang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fan Kuang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhigang Ouyang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiong Chun
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
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Le TB, Beaufay C, Nghiem DT, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Quetin-Leclercq J. In Vitro Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Vietnamese Plants. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071071. [PMID: 28654013 PMCID: PMC6152080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania mexicana is one of the pathogens causing cutaneous leishmaniasis which is associated with patient morbidity. In our researches for new safe and effective treatments, thirty-seven essential oils (EOs) extracted from Vietnamese plants were screened in vitro for the first time on Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes at the maximum concentration of 50 nL/mL. Active EOs were also analyzed for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines (WI38, J774) and their selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. Their composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. Our results indicated that EOs extracted from Cinnamomum cassia, Zingiber zerumbet, Elsholtzia ciliata and Amomum aromaticum, possessed a moderate anti-leishmanial activity, with IC50 values of 2.92 ± 0.08, 3.34 ± 0.34, 8.49 ± 0.32 and 9.25 ± 0.64 nL/mL respectively. However, they also showed cytotoxicity with SI < 10. The most promising EO was extracted from Ocimum gratissimum, displaying an IC50 of 4.85 ± 1.65 nL/mL and SI > 10. It contained 86.5% eugenol, which was demonstrated to be effective on Lmm with IC50 of 2.57 ± 0.57 nL/mL and not toxic on mammalian cells, explaining the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Binh Le
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Claire Beaufay
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
| | - Duc Trong Nghiem
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- GNOS Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institue, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium.
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Leishmanicidal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Essential Oil Constituents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050815. [PMID: 28509873 PMCID: PMC6154737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several constituents of essential oils have been shown to be active against pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This study demonstrated the in vitro action of ten compounds present in essential oils against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. With the exception of p-cymene, all evaluated compounds presented leishmanicidal activity, exhibiting IC50 between 25.4 and 568.1 μg mL−1. Compounds with the best leishmanicidal activity presented a phenolic moiety (IC50 between 25.4 and 82.9 μg mL−1). Alicyclic alcohols ((−)-menthol and isoborneol) and ketones ((−)-carvone) promoted similar activity against the parasite (IC50 between 190.2 and 198.9 μg mL−1). Most of the compounds showed low cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship of these compounds showed the importance of the phenolic structure for the biological action against the promastigote forms of the parasite.
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Shiwakoti S, Saleh O, Poudyal S, Barka A, Qian Y, Zheljazkov VD. Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28028933 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). In both basil species, the EO yield (content) was significantly higher from SD than from HD. There were significant differences in the compounds' concentrations of EO obtained from SD and HD as well, however, the same compounds were identified in the EO from HD and SD. In the EO of O. basilicum, the concentration of 74% of the identified compounds were higher in SD than HD, whereas in the EO of O. tenuiflorum, the concentration of 84% of identified compounds were higher in SD than in HD. However, the concentrations of two of the major compounds of O. basilicum EO (estragole and methyl cinnamate) and a major compound of O. tenuiflorum EO (methyl eugenol) were significantly higher in HD than in SD. The type of distillation did not affect the antioxidant capacity of basil EO within the species. This study demonstrated that the type of distillation may significantly affect oil yield and composition but not the antioxidant capacity of the EO from sweet and holy basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Osama Saleh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Shital Poudyal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.,Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Abdulssamad Barka
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Yanping Qian
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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de Oliveira de Siqueira LB, da Silva Cardoso V, Rodrigues IA, Vazquez-Villa AL, Dos Santos EP, da Costa Leal Ribeiro Guimarães B, Dos Santos Cerqueira Coutinho C, Vermelho AB, Junior ER. Development and evaluation of zinc phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for use in photodynamic therapy for Leishmania spp. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:065101. [PMID: 28071592 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/6/065101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light with photosensitizers (PS) for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill infectious microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The application of nanotechnology has enabled the advancement of PDT because many PS are insoluble in water, necessitating a nanocarrier as a physiologically acceptable carrier. Nanoemulsions are efficient nanocarriers for solubilizing liposoluble drugs, like the PS, in water. Cutaneous (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) are caused by different species of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans by sandfly bites. Parasites are hosted in skin macrophages producing ulcerative lesions. Thus, a topical treatment, effective and inexpensive, for CL and ML is preferable to systemic interventions. There are topical treatments like paromomycin and amphotericin B, but they have many local side effects or a very high cost, limiting their use. This work aimed to develop a zinc phthalocyanine (photosensitizer) oil-in-water nanoemulsion, essential clove oil and polymeric surfactant (Pluronic® F127) for the formulation of a topical delivery system for use in PDT against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. The nanoemulsion was produced by a high-energy method and characterized by size, polydispersity, morphology, pH, content and stability studies. The toxicity in the dark and the photobiological activity of the formulations were evaluated in vitro for Leishmania and macrophages. The formulation presented was pH compatible with topical use, approximately 30 nm in size, with a polydispersity index ≤0.1 and remained stable at room and refrigerator temperature during the stability study (60 days). The zinc phthalocyanine nanoemulsion is effective in PDT against Leishmania spp.; use against skin infections can be a future application of this topical formulation, avoiding the use of oral or injectable medications, decreasing systemic adverse effects.
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Scotto CI, Burger P, Khodjet el Khil M, Ginouves M, Prevot G, Blanchet D, Delprete PG, Fernandez X. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Varronia schomburgkii (DC.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae) from plants cultivated in French Guiana. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1278729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Inès Scotto
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Pauline Burger
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Marine Ginouves
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Ghislaine Prevot
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Piero G. Delprete
- Herbier IRD de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boite Postale 165, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, France
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Hussain AI, Chatha SAS, Kamal GM, Ali MA, Hanif MA, Lazhari MI. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil and extracts from Ocimum sanctum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1214145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Padalia RC, Verma RS, Chauhan A. Diurnal variations in aroma profile ofOcimum basilicumL.,O. gratissimumL., O. americanumL., andO. kilimandscharicumGuerke. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1216898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schmitt D, Levy R, Carroll B. Toxicological Evaluation of β-Caryophyllene Oil: Subchronic Toxicity in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:558-67. [PMID: 27358239 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816655303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In a subchronic toxicity study, administration of β-caryophyllene (BCP) oil by oral gavage to Wistar rats at dosages of 0, 150, 450, or 700 mg/kg/d for 90 days, including a 21-day recovery period, did not produce any significant toxicologic manifestations. The study design also included a 28-day interim sacrifice in the control and high-dose groups. The BCP oil test article was well tolerated as evidenced by the absence of major treatment-related changes in the general condition and appearance of the rats, neurobehavioral end points, growth, feed and water intake, ophthalmoscopic examinations, routine hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, urinalysis, and necropsy findings. The no observed adverse effect level was the highest dosage level administered of 700 mg/kg body weight/d for both male and female rats. The study was conducted as part of an investigation to examine the safety of BCP oil for its proposed use in medical food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schmitt
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Naperville, IL, USA
| | - R Levy
- Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - B Carroll
- Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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34
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Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Zhaparkulova K, Sakipova Z, Ibragimova L, Ibadullaeva G, Žemlička M. Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070826. [PMID: 27347924 PMCID: PMC6274025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karlygash Zhaparkulova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Liliya Ibragimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galya Ibadullaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Milan Žemlička
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
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35
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Zheljazkov VD, Shiwakoti S, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Fractions as a Function of Distillation Time. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Santosh Shiwakoti
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
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Snoussi M, Dehmani A, Noumi E, Flamini G, Papetti A. Chemical composition and antibiofilm activity of Petroselinum crispum and Ocimum basilicum essential oils against Vibrio spp. strains. Microb Pathog 2015; 90:13-21. [PMID: 26596707 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of parsley and basilic essential oils tested against Vibrio strains and their abilities to inhibit and eradicate the mature biofilm using the XTT assay. Petroselinum crispum essential oil was characterized by 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (24.2%), β-phellandrene (22.8%), apiol (13.2%), myristicin (12.6%) and terpinolene (10.3%) as a major constituents. While, in the basilic oil, linalool (42.1%), (E)-methylcinnamate (16.9%) and 1-8 cineole (7.6%) were the main ones. These two essential oils exhibit high anti-Vibrio spp. activity with varying magnitudes. All microorganisms were strongly affected indicating an appreciable antimicrobial potential of basilic with a diameter of inhibition zones growth ranging from 8.67 to 23.33 mm and MIC and MBC values ranging from (0.023-0.047 mg/ml) and (>3->24 mg/ml), respectively. The two essential oils can inhibit and eradicate the mature biofilm formed on polystyrene surface even at low concentrations, with high magnitude for Ocimum basilicum essential oil. This study gives a better insight into the anti-Vibrio activity of parsley and basilc oils and the possibility of their use to prevent and eradicate contamination of sea products by these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mejdi Snoussi
- Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ameni Dehmani
- Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, TU-5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Joyce BL, Zheljazkov VD, Sykes R, Cantrell CL, Hamilton C, Mann DGJ, Rodriguez M, Mielenz JR, Astatkie T, Stewart CN. Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139195. [PMID: 26437026 PMCID: PMC4593581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon flexuosus, lemongrass, and C. martinii, palmarosa, are perennial grasses grown to produce essential oils for the fragrance industry. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate biomass and oil yields as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization, and (2) to characterize their utility for lignocellulosic ethanol compared to Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Mean biomass yields were 12.83 Mg lemongrass ha-1 and 15.11 Mg palmarosa ha-1 during the second harvest year resulting in theoretical biofuel yields of 2541 and 2569 L ethanol ha-1 respectively compared to reported 1749–3691 L ethanol ha-1 for switchgrass. Pretreated lemongrass yielded 198 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1 and pretreated palmarosa yielded 170 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1. Additionally, lemongrass yielded 85.7 kg essential oil ha-1 and palmarosa yielded 67.0 kg ha-1 with an estimated value of USD $857 and $1005 ha-1. These data suggest that dual-use crops such as lemongrass and palmarosa may increase the economic viability of lignocellulosic biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L. Joyce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Co 788 Rd, Adams, OR, 97810, United States of America
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Robert Sykes
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, United States of America
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NPURU, University, MS, 38677, United States of America
| | - Choo Hamilton
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - David G. J. Mann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Mielenz
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
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Bhuvaneshwari K, Gokulanathan A, Jayanthi M, Govindasamy V, Milella L, Lee S, Yang DC, Girija S. Can Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. in vitro culture be a potential source of secondary metabolites? Food Chem 2015; 194:55-60. [PMID: 26471526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (OT) in vitro culture standardisation for increasing eugenol distribution, in comparison to their respective field grown parts was carried out. Eugenol was quantified using an optimised HPLC method and its relation with the total phenolic content (TPC) was measured. In vitro grown leaves and somatic embryos, of both OB and OT were found to contain similar quantities of eugenol (85μg/g approximately), higher than OB and OT field-grown leaves (30.2μg/g and 25.1μg/g respectively). It was also determined that in vitro grown leaves were richer in TPC than the field-grown intact organs. Results demonstrated the prominence of in vitro cultures for eugenol extraction. This study underlines that important food flavouring metabolites (e.g. vanillin, vanillic acids) might be produced, via the eugenol pathway, in Ocimum species that may be a good potential source of eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Bhuvaneshwari
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Ananda Gokulanathan
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India; Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Malayandi Jayanthi
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Vaithiyanathan Govindasamy
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Department of Computer Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shanmugam Girija
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 046, India.
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Bernhardt B, Szabó K, Bernáth J. Sources of variability in essential oil composition of Ocimum americanumand Ocimum tenuiflorum. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.44.2015.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Santoro MV, Cappellari L, Giordano W, Banchio E. Systemic Induction of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Medicinal Aromatic Plants Mediated by Rhizobacteria. SOIL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13401-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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41
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Pandey AK, Singh P, Tripathi NN. Chemistry and bioactivities of essential oils of some Ocimum species: an overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Padalia RC, Verma RS, Chauhan A. Analyses of organ specific variations in essential oils of fourOcimumspecies. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2014.942808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chemical composition, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:734946. [PMID: 25136617 PMCID: PMC4124710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils from Mangifera indica var. Rosa and Espada latex were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-seven components were identified. The main compound in the essential oil from M. indica var. Espada (EOMiE) was terpinolene (73.6%). The essential oil of M. indica var. Rosa (EOMiR) was characterized by high amounts of β-pinene (40.7%) and terpinolene (28.3%). In the test for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes forms of L. amazonensis, EOMiR and EOMiE showed IC50 (72 h) of 39.1 and 23.0 μg/mL, respectively. In macrophages, EOMiR and EOMiE showed CC50 of 142.84 and 158.65 μg/mL, respectively. However, both were more specific to the parasite than macrophages, with values of selectivity index of 6.91 for EOMiE and 3.66 for EOMiR. The essential oils were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells HEp-2, HT-29, NCI-H292, and HL-60. The EOMiR and EOMiE were most effective against the HL-60, with IC50 values of 12.3 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the essential oils of M. indica can destroy L. amazonensis and inhibit tumor cell growth. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian biodiversity as a source of potential therapeutic agents.
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Shirazi MT, Gholami H, Kavoosi G, Rowshan V, Tafsiry A. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tagetes minuta and Ocimum basilicum essential oils. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:146-55. [PMID: 24804073 PMCID: PMC3959961 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tagetes minuta (TM) essential oil (TMO) and Ocimum basilicum (OB) essential oil (OBO) were examined. The main components for TMO were dihydrotagetone (33.9%), E-ocimene (19.9%), tagetone (16.1%), cis-β-ocimene (7.9%), Z-ocimene (5.3%), limonene (3.1%) and epoxyocimene (2.03%). The main components for OBO were methylchavicol (46.9%), geranial (19.1%), neral (15.15%), geraniol (3.0%), nerol (3.0%), caryophyllene (2.4%). Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging were 12–17 and 200–250 μg/mL of TMO and OBO, respectively. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were 150 ± 8, 165 ± 9, 67 ± 8, 75 ± 7, 135 ± 15, and 115 ± 8 μg/mL of TMO, respectively. MIC for S. typhi,E. coli,S. aureus,B. subtilis,A. niger, and C. albicans were 145 ± 8, 160 ± 7, 45 ± 4, 40 ± 3, 80 ± 9, and 95 ± 7 μg/mL of OBO, respectively. IC50 for nasopharyngeal cancer cell line (KB) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) were 75 ± 5 and 70 ± 4 μg/mL of TMO, respectively. IC50 for KB and HepG2 were 45 ± 4 and 40 ± 3 μg/mL of OBO, respectively. Thus, they could be used as an effective source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial additive to protect foods from oxidative damages and foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, they could be promising candidate for antitumor drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Gholami
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Rowshan
- Department of Natural Resources, Fars Research center for Agriculture and Natural Resources Shiraz, 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Asad Tafsiry
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
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Activity of Thymus capitellatus volatile extract, 1,8-cineole and borneol against Leishmania species. Vet Parasitol 2013; 200:39-49. [PMID: 24365244 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new leishmanicidal agents, Thymus capitellatus Hoffmanns. & Link (family Lamiaceae) volatile extract and its major compounds, 1,8-cineole and borneol, were tested against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. Plant volatile extract (essential oil) was analysed by GC and GC-MS and the activity of essential oil on Leishmania promastigotes viability was assessed using tetrazolium-dye colorimetric method (MTT). The MTT test was also used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oil on macrophages and bovine aortic endothelial cells. Effects on parasites were also analyzed by flow cytometry in order to assess mitochondrial transmembrane electrochemical gradient (JC-1), analyze phosphatidylserine externalization (annexin V-FITC, propidium iodide) and evaluate cell cycle (DNase-free, RNase, PI). Morphological and ultrastructural studies were performed by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. T. capitellatus volatile extract exhibited anti-parasite activity on Leishmania species, with IC50 values ranging from 35 to 62 μg/ml. However, major compounds 1,8-cineole and borneol did not showed biological activity suggesting that these monoterpenes are not responsible for the antileishmanial activity of T. capitellatus essential oil. Appearance of aberrant-shaped cells, mitochondrial swelling and autophagosomal structures were some of the ultrastructural alterations exhibited among treated promastigote cells. T. capitellatus promoted leishmanicidal effect by triggering a programmed cell death as evidenced by externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell-cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase. The volatile extract did not induced cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Taken together, these results suggest that T. capitellatus may represent a valuable source for therapeutic control of leishmaniasis in humans and animals.
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Zheljazkov VD, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Schlegel V, Jeliazkova E, Lowe D. The effect of coal-bed methane water on spearmint and peppermint. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1815-1821. [PMID: 25602421 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coal bed methane is extracted from underground coal seams that are flooded with water. To reduce the pressure and to release the methane, the water needs to be pumped out. The resulting waste water is known as coal bed methane water (CBMW). Major concerns with the use of CBMW are its high concentrations of S, Na, dissolved Ca, Mg, SO, and bicarbonate (HCO). Irrigation water is a scarce resource in most of the western states. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various amounts of CBMW on the growth, essential oil content, composition, and antioxidant activity of spearmint ( L.) and peppermint ( L.) crops that were irrigated with the water. These two crops are grown in some western states and are potential specialty crops to Wyoming farmers. The irrigation treatments were 0% CBMW (tap water only), 25% CBMW (25% CBMW plus 75% tap water), 50% CBMW (50% CBMW and 50% tap water), 75% CBMW (75% CBMW plus 25% tap water), and 100% CBMW. Analyses of the data revealed that the CBMW treatments did not affect the antioxidant capacity of spearmint or peppermint oil (242 and 377 μmol L Trolox g, respectively) or their major oil constituents (carvone or menthol). Coal bed methane water at 100% increased total phenols and total flavonoids in spearmint but not in peppermint. Coal bed methane water also affected oil content in peppermint but not in spearmint. Spearmint and peppermint could be watered with CBMW at 50% without suppression of fresh herbage yields. However, CBMW at 75 and 100% reduced fresh herbage yields of both crops and oil yields of peppermint relative to the control.
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Naik DG, Vaidya HS, Namjoshi TP. Essential oil of Indian propolis: chemical composition and repellency against the honeybee Apis florea. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:649-57. [PMID: 23576351 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hitherto unknown biological properties and the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from propolis of Indian origin were established. GC/MS Analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of 32 constituents, of which ten were major compounds, nine had intermediate contents, and 13 were minor compounds. With the exception of six minor constituents, that could not be identified, their identification was based on the comparison of their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices with those listed in the NIST and Wiley mass spectral libraries. Their structural assignment was confirmed by GC/MS co-injection of the essential oil with authentic compounds. Quantification of the components was done by GC-FID analyses. Moreover, the essential oil was shown to possess repellent activity against the honeybee Apis florea. The activity was found to be dose dependent. The average repellency (ΔR) increased with increasing essential-oil concentration up to 24 μg/ml and remained constant for the formulation with the higher concentration. These findings established the chemical constitution of the essential oil and might be useful to beekeepers for the improvement of the bee management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatraya G Naik
- Chemistry Group, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411004, India.
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Oliveira ES, Amaral ACF, Lima ES, Silva JRDA. Chemical composition and biological activities ofBocageopsis multifloraessential oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.840809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils in three Ocimum species growing in Romania. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study the glandular hair morphology, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three Ocimum species have been investigated (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum). The indumentum shows little variation among the investigated species with both glandular and non-glandular hairs presents. Glandular hairs on the three species are peltate and capitate (with various cell numbers in the stalk and gland). The samples of essential oils obtained from the plant aerial organs by hydrodistillation have been analyzed by GC-MS. Linalool (65.38%, 74.22%, 38.60%), eugenol (5.26%, 3.47%, 10.20%) and tau-cadinol (8.18%, 3.47%, 10.20%) appear as the main components in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. The oils also contain lower levels of α-bergamotene, 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, β-ocimene, α-caryophyllene, camphor, and α-guaiene. All essential oils showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli depending on their concentration. Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese oil produced the strongest antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli.
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Chemical composition, antifungal and insecticidal activities of Hedychium essential oils. Molecules 2013; 18:4308-27. [PMID: 23579997 PMCID: PMC6270349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of essential oils have been documented, and their use as “biocides” is gaining popularity. The aims of this study were to analyze the chemical composition and assess the biological activities of Hedychium essential oils. Oils from 19 Hedychium species and cultivars were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The antifungal and insecticidal activities of these oils were tested against Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides, and three insects, the azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides), the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), and the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). Hedychium oils were rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, especially 1,8-cineole (0.1%–42%), linalool (<0.1%–56%), α-pinene (3%–17%), β-pinene (4%–31%), and (E)-nerolidol (0.1%–20%). Hedychium oils had no antifungal effect on C. gloeosporioides, C. fragariae, and C. acutatum, but most Hedychium oils effectively killed azalea lace bugs. The oils also show promise as an adult mosquito repellent, but they would make rather poor larvicides or adulticides for mosquito control. Hedychium oils acted either as a fire ant repellent or attractant, depending on plant genotype and oil concentration.
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