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Hellwig M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Grune T, Guth S, Henle T, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Marko D, Raupbach J, Roth A, Vieths S, Mally A. Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-133. [PMID: 39150724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food via the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Glycation compounds produced endogenously are considered to contribute to a range of diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that glycation compounds present in food may also cause adverse effects and thus pose a nutritional risk to human health. In this work, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) summarized data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and systematically assessed potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease, including allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, gut/gastrotoxicity, brain/cognitive impairment and cancer (Part B). A systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet retrieved 253 original publications relevant to the research question. Of these, only 192 were found to comply with previously defined quality criteria and were thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds. For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, however, only limited numbers of human, animal and in vitro studies were identified. While studies in humans were often limited due to small cohort size, short study duration, and confounders, experimental studies in animals that allow for controlled exposure to individual glycation compounds provided some evidence for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to dicarbonyl compounds, albeit at dose levels by far exceeding estimated human exposures. The overall database was generally inconsistent or inconclusive. Based on this systematic review, the SKLM concludes that there is at present no convincing evidence for a causal association between dietary intake of glycation compounds and adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Advanced Glycation End-Products and Diabetic Neuropathy of the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032927. [PMID: 36769249 PMCID: PMC9917392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a tissue-specific neurovascular impairment of the retina in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Several pathological factors are involved in the progressive impairment of the interdependence between cells that consist of the neurovascular units (NVUs). The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are one of the major pathological factors that cause the impairments of neurovascular coupling in diabetic retinopathy. Although the exact mechanisms for the toxicities of the AGEs in diabetic retinopathy have not been definitively determined, the AGE-receptor of the AGE (RAGE) axis, production of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory reactions, and the activation of the cell death pathways are associated with the impairment of the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy. More specifically, neuronal cell death is an irreversible change that is directly associated with vision reduction in diabetic patients. Thus, neuroprotective therapies must be established for diabetic retinopathy. The AGEs are one of the therapeutic targets to examine to ameliorate the pathological changes in the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy. This review focuses on the basic and pathological findings of AGE-induced neurovascular abnormalities and the potential therapeutic approaches, including the use of anti-glycated drugs to protect the AGE-induced impairments of the NVUs in diabetic retinopathy.
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Farag MA, Khaled SE, El Gingeehy Z, Shamma SN, Zayed A. Comparative Metabolite Profiling and Fingerprinting of Medicinal Cinnamon Bark and Its Commercial Preparations via a Multiplex Approach of GC–MS, UV, and NMR Techniques. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070614. [PMID: 35888738 PMCID: PMC9322727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) are consumed as traditional medicine and popular spice worldwide. The current research aimed to provide the first comparative metabolomics study in nine cinnamon drugs and their different commercial preparations based on three analytical platforms, i.e., solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (SPME/GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) targeting its metabolome. SPME/GC–MS of cinnamon aroma compounds showed a total of 126 peaks, where (E)-cinnamaldehyde was the major volatile detected at 4.2–60.9% and 6.3–64.5% in authenticated and commercial preparations, respectively. Asides, modeling of the GC/MS dataset could relate the commercial products CP-1 and CP-3 to C. cassia attributed to their higher coumarin and low (E)-cinnamaldehyde content. In contrast, NMR fingerprinting identified (E)-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and coumarin as alternative markers for C. verum and C. iners, respectively. Additionally, quantitative NMR (qNMR) standardized cinnamon extracts based on major metabolites. UV/Vis showed to be of low discrimination power, but its orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) S-plot showed that C. iners was more abundant in cinnamic acid compared to other samples. Results of this study provide potential insights into cinnamon drugs QC analysis and identify alternative markers for their discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Sally E. Khaled
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Zeina El Gingeehy
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Samir Nabhan Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Mildner-Szkudlarz S, Siger A, Przygoński K, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Zawirska-Wojtasiak R. N ɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine, Available Lysine, and Volatile Compound Profile of Biscuits Enriched with Grape by-Product During Storage. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:190-197. [PMID: 35338444 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the changes in Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and available lysine content, antioxidant properties, volatiles, and oxidation products of biscuits enriched with grape by-product (GP), stored for six months under a modified atmosphere of 0%/30%/70% O2/CO2/N2 and in air. Fresh GP-formulated biscuits showed lower concentrations of CML (89%), available lysine (40%), and pyrazines (75%), but higher antioxidant capacities (~ sixfold), furans (12-fold), and lipid-derived compounds (three-fold) than the control. Although ~ 15% higher losses of Maillard-type volatiles were identified in the air atmosphere during storage, lipid oxidation was ~ 30% less pronounced in the modified atmosphere. A significant correlation of 0.994 between the reduction in CML and the available lysine suggest further CML reactions with the ɛ-NH2 group of amino acids. Significant correlations (of -0.550 to -0.980) between oxidation products, antioxidant capacities, and changes in CML content during storage suggest that these parameters might be involved in the CML elimination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Siger
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
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Sarmah S, Roy AS. A review on prevention of glycation of proteins: Potential therapeutic substances to mitigate the severity of diabetes complications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:565-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Spínola V, Castilho PC. Assessing the In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity and Protein Glycation by Phenolic Compounds of Lauraceae Plant Species Endemic to the Laurisilva Forest. Molecules 2021; 26:2023. [PMID: 33916292 PMCID: PMC8037948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanolic leaf extracts of four Lauraceae species endemic to Laurisilva forest (Apollonias barbujana, Laurus novocanariensis, Ocotea foetens and Persea indica) were investigated for the first time for their potential to inhibit key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, aldose reductase) and obesity (pancreatic lipase), and protein glycation. Lauraceae extracts revealed significant inhibitory activities in all assays, altough with different ability between species. In general, P. indica showed the most promissing results. In the protein glycation assay, all analysed extracts displayed a stronger effect than a reference compound: aminoguanidine (AMG). The in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-glycation activities of analysed extracts showed correlation with their flavonols and flavan-3-ols (in particular, proanthocyanins) contents. These Lauraceae species have the capacity to assist in adjuvant therapy of type-2 diabetes and associated complications, through modulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and prevention of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
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Singh P, Rao PS, Sharma V, Arora S. Physico-chemical aspects of lactose hydrolysed milk system along with detection and mitigation of maillard reaction products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jayawardena B, Madushika Wariyapperuma WAN, Thammitiyagodage M, Karunakaran R, Sisira Kumara WGS. Hypoglycemic and anti-lipidemic properties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (”Sri Wijaya” accession) water-soluble nutraceutical in streptozotocin-induced diabetic and healthy wistar rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_334_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhu Z, Fang R, Yang J, Khan IA, Huang J, Huang M. Air frying combined with grape seed extract inhibits N ε-carboxymethyllysine and N ε-carboxyethyllysine by controlling oxidation and glycosylation. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1308-1318. [PMID: 33518088 PMCID: PMC7858175 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGE), compounds formed in meat at the advanced stage of Maillard reaction, are easily exposed to thermal processing. Improving cooking condition and adding antioxidants are 2 common ways for AGE reduction. The present work compared the inhibition of grape seed extract (GSE) on levels of free and protein-bound Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in chicken breast under deep-frying and air-frying conditions. Efficiency of 5 concentrations of GSE (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) in retarding oxidation, glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), lysine (Lys), Maillard reaction degree (A294, A420), and Shiff's base were tested. Results showed that 0.5 g/kg GSE before heating significantly (P < 0.05) reduced AGE in fried breast chicken, whereas excessive supplementation of GSE (0.8 and 1 g/kg) was reverse. Air frying was found significantly (P < 0.05) better than deep frying to reduce the precursor substances (GO, MGO, and Lys) of AGE. In conclusion, GSE-derived polyphenols exhibited different inhibitory effects on oxidation and glycosylation at different concentrations. We found that 0.5 g/kg of GSE combined with air frying was the best recommendation for inhibiting CML and CEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institution of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Institution of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Huang Jiaoshou Food Science and Technology Co., Ltd., National R & D Center For Poultry Processing Technology, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wariyapperuma WNM, Kannangara S, Wijayasinghe YS, Subramanium S, Jayawardena B. In vitro anti-diabetic effects and phytochemical profiling of novel varieties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) extracts. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10070. [PMID: 33194379 PMCID: PMC7643550 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a leading metabolic disorder in the world. Anti-diabetic actions of phytochemicals from various medicinal herbs have been explored as an alternative therapy in the management of DMT2 due to adverse effects of synthetic drugs used in allopathic medicine. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and phytochemical profiling were investigated in aqueous extracts of two new Cinnamomum zeylanicum accessions, namely C. zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW), C. zeylanicum Sri Gemunu (SG) and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC). METHODS Microwave Digestion (MD), Pressurized Water Extraction (PWE), Steam Distillation (SD), Solvent Extraction (SE), Decoction Water Extraction (DWE) and Infusion Water Extraction (IWE) methods were used to prepare Cinnamon quill extracts. Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and Proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin assay), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of Cinnamon extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were reported in terms of IC50 value. The phytochemical profiling was accomplished by GC-MS technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Lowest IC50 values were observed in PWE and DWE of SW. The highest PC and TPC were also observed in PWE and DWE of SW. Pressured water and decoctions are promising methods for the extraction of antidiabetic constituents from cinnamon. Benzoic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol were identified as major compounds in SW extracts. These compounds are believed to be responsible for strong enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore the use of pressured and decoctions water to extract anti-diabetic phytochemicals from cinnamon. The extensive metabolite profiling of novel SW and SG extracts and comparison of that with commercially available CC are reported for the first time in this study. The C. zeylanicum, SW accession holds some promise in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagarika Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Western, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sri Subramanium
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bimali Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Western, Sri Lanka
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Bashiri S, Ghanbarzadeh B, Ayaseh A, Dehghannya J, Ehsani A, Ozyurt H. Essential oil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: The effects of liquid lipid type on the physicochemical properties in beverage models. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Healthy eating recommendations: good for reducing dietary contribution to the body's advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products pool? Nutr Res Rev 2020; 34:48-63. [PMID: 32450931 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to give dietary recommendations to reduce the occurrence of the Maillard reaction in foods and in vivo to reduce the body's advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALE) pool. A healthy diet, food reformulation and good culinary practices may be feasible for achieving the goal. A varied diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, non-added sugar beverages containing inhibitors of the Maillard reaction, and foods prepared by steaming and poaching as culinary techniques is recommended. Intake of supplements and novel foods with low sugars, low fats, enriched in bioactive compounds from food and waste able to modulate carbohydrate metabolism and reduce body's AGE/ALE pool is also recommended. In conclusion, the recommendations made for healthy eating by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and Harvard University seem to be adequate to reduce dietary AGE/ALE, the body's AGE/ALE pool and to achieve sustainable nutrition and health.
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Bashiri S, Ghanbarzadeh B, Ayaseh A, Dehghannya J, Ehsani A. Preparation and characterization of chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (CH-NLC) containing cinnamon essential oil for enriching milk and anti-oxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abeysekera WPKM, Arachchige SPG, Abeysekera WKSM, Ratnasooriya WD, Medawatta HMUI. Antioxidant and Glycemic Regulatory Properties Potential of Different Maturity Stages of Leaf of Ceylon Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2693795. [PMID: 31396287 PMCID: PMC6668558 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2693795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dichloromethane:methanol (1:1, v/v) extracts of different maturity stages (immature, partly mature, and mature) of authenticated leaves of Ceylon cinnamon (CC) were used in this study. Antioxidant properties [total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] and glycemic regulatory properties [antiamylase (AA); antiglucosidase (AG)] were evaluated using 96-well microplate based bio assays in vitro (TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, ORAC n=4 each; FRAP, AA, AG n=3 each). Results clearly revealed significant differences (p<0.05) among different maturity stages of leaf of CC for both antioxidant and glycemic regulatory properties (except AG activity). The mean antioxidant and glycemic regulatory activities of immature, partly mature, and mature leaves ranged from TPC: 0.68 ± 0.02-22.35 ± 0.21 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of sample (GS); TFC: 0.85 ± 0.01-4.68 ± 0.06 mg quercetin equivalents/GS; DPPH: 0.42 ± 0.01-27.09 ± 0.65 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/GS; ABTS: 3.57 ± 0.10-43.91 ± 1.46 TE/GS; ORAC: 0.71 ± 0.01-18.70 ± 0.26 TE/G, FRAP: 0.31 ± 0.02-69.16 ± 0.52 TE/GS; and AA: 18.05 ± 0.24-36.62 ± 4.00% inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL. Mature leaf had the highest antioxidant and AA activities for all the assays investigated. In contrast, immature leaf had the lowest. The order of potency for antioxidant and AA activities was mature leaf > partly mature leaf > immature leaf. This is the first study to report on antioxidant and glycemic regulatory properties of different maturity stages of leaf of Ceylon cinnamon and highlights its potential use in management of oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Kim E, Li B, Payne GF. Electrochemical reverse engineering to probe for drug-phenol redox interactions. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang T, Li X, Yang H, Wang F, Kong J, Qiu D, Li Z. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and chemometric analysis of Pu-erh teas of various origins. Food Chem 2018; 268:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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Nε -(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε -(carboxyethyl)lysine in tea and the factors affecting their formation. Food Chem 2017; 232:683-688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Tulini FL, Souza VB, Thomazini M, Silva MP, Massarioli AP, Alencar SM, Pallone EM, Genovese MI, Favaro-Trindade CS. Evaluation of the release profile, stability and antioxidant activity of a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) extract co-encapsulated with α-tocopherol by spray chilling. Food Res Int 2017; 95:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Gite SS, Yadav SA, Nilegaonkar SS, Agte VV. Functional food supplements to ameliorate the secondary complications in high fructose fed diabetic rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:1840-1850. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly-herbal functional food supplements inhibited high fructose induced glycation in diabetic rats and showed promise for effective management of secondary complications of diabetes such as improved lipid profile, kidney function and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Gite
- Agharkar Research Institute
- G.G. Agarkar Road
- Pune 411004
- India
| | - S. A. Yadav
- Agharkar Research Institute
- G.G. Agarkar Road
- Pune 411004
- India
| | | | - V. V. Agte
- Agharkar Research Institute
- G.G. Agarkar Road
- Pune 411004
- India
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22
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Tulini FL, Souza VB, Echalar-Barrientos MA, Thomazini M, Pallone EM, Favaro-Trindade CS. Development of solid lipid microparticles loaded with a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ): Potential for increasing antioxidant content in functional foods for diabetic population. Food Res Int 2016; 85:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Yu S, Zhang W, Liu W, Zhu W, Guo R, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang J. The inhibitory effect of selenium nanoparticles on protein glycation in vitro. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:145703. [PMID: 25785463 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/14/145703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) possess well-known excellent biological activities and low toxicity, and have been employed for numerous applications except as inhibitors to protein glycation. Herein, the present study is carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Se NPs on protein glycation in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose system. By measuring the amount of glucose covalently bound onto BSA, the formation of fructosamine and fluorescent products, it is found that Se NPs can hinder the development of protein glycation in a dose-dependent but time-independent manner under the selected reaction conditions (55 °C, 40 h). And after comparing the increase of inhibitory rate in different stages, it is observed that Se NPs show the greatest inhibitory effect in the early stage, then in the advanced stage, but no effect in the intermediate stage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of Se NPs collected after glycation and determination of ·OH influence and glyoxal formation show that the mechanism for the inhibitory efficacy of Se NPs is related to their strong competitive activity against available amino groups in proteins, their great scavenging activity on reactive oxygen species and their inhibitory effect on α-dicarbonyl compounds' formation. In addition, it is proved that Se NPs protect proteins from structural modifications in the system and they do not exhibit significant cytotoxicity towards BV-2 and BRL-3A cells at low concentrations (10 and 50 μg mL(-1)). Consequently, Se NPs may be suitable for further in vivo studies as novel anti-glycation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chinchansure AA, Korwar AM, Kulkarni MJ, Joshi SP. Recent development of plant products with anti-glycation activity: a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes the plant natural products that inhibit glycation at different stages leading to the AGEs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind M. Korwar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Swati P. Joshi
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
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25
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Downregulated Lipid Metabolism in Differentiated Murine Adipocytes by Procyanidins from Defatted Grape Seed Meal. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1420-3. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:642942. [PMID: 24817901 PMCID: PMC4003790 DOI: 10.1155/2014/642942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cinnamon cassia), the eternal tree of tropical medicine, belongs to the Lauraceae family. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. In addition to being an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and cardiovascular-disease-lowering compound, cinnamon has also been reported to have activities against neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This review illustrates the pharmacological prospective of cinnamon and its use in daily life.
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Liu Z, Wan L, Yue Y, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Min Q, Chen J. Hypoglycemic Activity and Antioxidative Stress of Extracts and Corymbiferin from Swertia bimaculata In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:125416. [PMID: 24250711 PMCID: PMC3821916 DOI: 10.1155/2013/125416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the anti-diabetic activities of Swertia bimaculata. Based on the glucose consumption of S. bimaculata extractsand different fractions (petroleum, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte assay, ethanol (ETH) and dichloromethane (DTH) extracts had the most effective potency. Furthermore, ETH, DTH and corymbiferin (the most abundant component of DTH) were evaluated for anti-diabetic effects in high fat and sucrose fed combined with low dose streptozocin induced diabetic rats. DTH and corymbiferin displayed remarkable anti-diabetic activities. The fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased, while the serum insulin levels were obviously increased. The oral glucose tolerance was also improved. The lowed serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels and increased ratio of HDL (high density lipoprotein)/LDL were observed. The insulin sensitivity was improved on the basis of increased expressions of insulin-receptor substrate-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ser/Thr kinase AKT2. And also DTH and corymbiferin improved antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats, along with the improvement of histopathology of livers and pancreatic β cells. Corymbiferin was one of active constituents, responsible for anti-diabetic properties. Therefore, S. bimaculata could be considered as an alternative agent against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Luosheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuedong Yue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zuoqi Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yutang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonglong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuiping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiuxia Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiachun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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28
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Muthenna P, Raghu G, Akileshwari C, Sinha SN, Suryanarayana P, Reddy GB. Inhibition of protein glycation by procyanidin-B2 enriched fraction of cinnamon: Delay of diabetic cataract in rats. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:941-50. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Puppala Muthenna
- Biochemistry Division; National Institute of Nutrition; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | - Ganugula Raghu
- Biochemistry Division; National Institute of Nutrition; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
| | | | | | - Palla Suryanarayana
- Biochemistry Division; National Institute of Nutrition; Tarnaka Hyderabad India
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29
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The role of polyphenols in the modulation of sirtuins and other pathways involved in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:867-83. [PMID: 23831960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by extracellular amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, inflammation and extensive oxidative stress. Polyphenols, which include resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin, have gained considerable interest for their ability to reduce these hallmarks of disease and their potential to slow down cognitive decline. Although their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties are well established, more recently polyphenols have been shown to produce other important effects including anti-amyloidogenic activity, cell signalling modulation, effects on telomere length and modulation of the sirtuin proteins. Brain accessible polyphenols with multiple effects on pathways involved in neurodegeneration and ageing may therefore prove efficacious in the treatment of age-related diseases such as AD, although the evidence for this so far is limited. This review aims to explore the known effects of polyphenols from various natural and synthetic sources on brain ageing and neurodegeneration, and to examine their multiple mechanisms of action, with an emphasis on the role that the sirtuin pathway may play and the implications this may have for the treatment of AD.
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30
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Nagahora N, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Dietary Chinese quince polyphenols suppress generation of α-dicarbonyl compounds in diabetic KK-A(y) mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6629-6635. [PMID: 23730977 DOI: 10.1021/jf401231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many dietary polyphenols can provide health benefits, such as antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, and can down-regulate the progression of glycation (one cause of diabetic complications). Chinese quince (CQ) is rich in polyphenols, especially procyanidins. A few studies have indicated that CQ has an effect on diabetes. In this study, a procyanidin-rich extract was prepared from Chinese quince fruit (CQE), and its effects were investigated and compared with those of green tea extract (GTE) in type 2 diabetes model KK-A(y) mice. Mice were provided one of two high-fat (HF) diets for 4 weeks: a HF diet containing 0.5% CQE or a HF diet containing 0.5% GTE. Blood glucose was suppressed in mice fed CQE and GTE during the experimental period (p < 0.05), although the effect of CQE was weaker than that of GTE. Intake of CQE had no effect on the blood insulin level, whereas GTE decreased the insulin level. Body weight gain was suppressed in mice fed CQE similarly to mice fed GTE (p < 0.05). Hepatic lipid content and α-dicarbonyl compounds in the kidney were reduced in mice fed CQE and GTE (p < 0.05). These results suggest that intake of CQE could moderate type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Nagahora
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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31
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Pang Y, Cheng X, Huhman DV, Ma J, Peel GJ, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Saito K, Shen G, Sumner LW, Tang Y, Wen J, Yun J, Dixon RA. Medicago glucosyltransferase UGT72L1: potential roles in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. PLANTA 2013; 238:139-54. [PMID: 23592226 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the first reaction specific for proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) converts cyanidin to (-)-epicatechin. The glucosyltransferase UGT72L1 catalyzes formation of epicatechin 3'-O-glucoside (E3'OG), the preferred substrate for MATE transporters implicated in PA biosynthesis in both species. The mechanism of PA polymerization is still unclear, but may involve the laccase-like polyphenol oxidase TRANSPARENT TESTA 10 (TT10). We have employed a combination of cell biological, biochemical and genetic approaches to evaluate this PA pathway model. The promoter regions of UGT72L1 and MtANR share common cis-acting elements and direct overlapping, but partially distinct, expression patterns. UGT72L1 and MtANR are localized in the cytosol, whereas TT10 is localized to the vacuole. Over-expression of UGT72L1 in M. truncatula hairy roots results in increased accumulation of PA-like compounds, and loss of function of UGT72L1 partially reduces epicatechin, E3'OG and extractable PA levels in M. truncatula seeds. Expression of UGT72L1 in A. thaliana leads to a massive increase in E3'OG in immature seed, but reduced levels of extractable PAs. However, when UGT72L1 was expressed in the Arabidopsis tt10 mutant, extractable PA levels increased and seed coat browning was delayed. Our results suggest that glycosylation of epicatechin is important for both PA precursor transport and assembly, but that additional redundant pathways may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Pang
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Aldini G, Vistoli G, Stefek M, Chondrogianni N, Grune T, Sereikaite J, Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Molecular strategies to prevent, inhibit, and degrade advanced glycoxidation and advanced lipoxidation end products. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:93-137. [PMID: 23560617 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.792926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advanced glycoxidation end products (AGEs) and lipoxidation end products (ALEs) contribute to the development of diabetic complications and of other pathologies. The review discusses the possibilities of counteracting the formation and stimulating the degradation of these species by pharmaceuticals and natural compounds. The review discusses inhibitors of ALE and AGE formation, cross-link breakers, ALE/AGE elimination by enzymes and proteolytic systems, receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and blockade of the ligand-RAGE axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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33
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Pre-column incubation followed by fast liquid chromatography analysis for rapid screening of natural methylglyoxal scavengers directly from herbal medicines: Case study of Polygonum cuspidatum. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Curcumin ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced alterations of cellular morphology and hyperpermeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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35
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Zhang CH, Xu GL, Liu YH, Rao Y, Yu RY, Zhang ZW, Wang YS, Tao L. Anti-diabetic activities of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:221-229. [PMID: 23219338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) is one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines. Recently, it was reported that GGQLD had good clinical effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, few studies have confirmed in detail the anti-diabetic activities of GGQLD in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of GGQLD in high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present results suggested GGQLD (4.95, 11.55 and 18.15 g/kg) decreased significantly fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin of diabetic rats (p<0.05), and GGQLD (4.95 and 18.15 g/kg) decreased significantly fasting serum insulin levels of diabetic rats (p<0.05); in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Gegen Qinlian Decoction-containing serum (GGQLD-CS) (4%, 8% and 16%) enhanced glucose consumption, triglyceride (TG) content, adiponectin protein concentration and the mRNA expression of adiponectin. Adiponectin contributes to the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and can play a critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus; the mechanisms of action of GGQLD might be related to augmentation of adiponectin protein concentration and up-regulation of the mRNA expression of adiponectin. However, the multi-target mechanisms of action of GGQLD need to be clarified further. The present study further validated the beneficial effects of GGQLD as an anti-diabetic agent. These findings provide a new insight into the anti-diabetic application for GGQLD in clinic and display the potential of GGQLD as a new drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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36
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Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana R, Galappaththy P, Constantine GR, de Vas Gunawardana N, Katulanda P. Efficacy and safety of 'true' cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1480-92. [PMID: 22671971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have frequently looked at dietary components beneficial in treatment and prevention. We aim to systematically evaluate the literature on the safety and efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on diabetes. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science, Biological Abstracts, SciVerse Scopus, SciVerse ScienceDierect, CINAHL and The Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis of studies examining the effect of C. zeylanicum extracts on clinical and biochemical parameters was conducted. Data were analysed using RevMan v5.1.2. RESULTS The literature search identified 16 studies on C. zeylanicum (five in-vitro, six in-vivo and five in-vivo/in-vitro). However, there were no human studies. In-vitro C. zeylanicum demonstrated a potential for reducing post-prandial intestinal glucose absorption by inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase, stimulating cellular glucose uptake by membrane translocation of glucose transporter-4, stimulating glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating insulin release and potentiating insulin receptor activity. The beneficial effects of C. zeylanicum in animals include attenuation of diabetes associated weight loss, reduction of fasting blood glucose, LDL and HbA(1c) , increasing HDL cholesterol and increasing circulating insulin levels. Cinnamomum zeylanicum also significantly improved metabolic derangements associated with insulin resistance. It also showed beneficial effects against diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, with no significant toxic effects on liver and kidney and a significantly high therapeutic window. CONCLUSION Cinnamomum zeylanicum demonstrates numerous beneficial effects both in vitro and in vivo as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes. However, further randomized clinical trials are required to establish therapeutic safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ranasinghe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Brisbane, Queensland
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37
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Chen L, Sun P, Wang T, Chen K, Jia Q, Wang H, Li Y. Diverse mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of the different procyanidin oligomer types of two different cinnamon species on db/db mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9144-9150. [PMID: 22920511 DOI: 10.1021/jf3024535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The procyanidin oligomers are thought to be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of cinnamon. To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of different procyanidin oligomer types, the procyanidin oligomer-rich extracts were prepared from two different cinnamon species. Using high-performance liquid chromatography with purified procyanidin oligomers as reference compounds, we found that the Cinnamomum cassia extract (CC-E) and Cinnamomum tamala extract (CT-E) were rich in B- and A-type procyanidin oligomers, respectively. In the experiment, 8-week-old diabetic (db/db) mice were gavaged with CC-E and CT-E (both 200 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Both CC-E and CT-E exhibited antidiabetic effects. Moreover, histopathological studies of the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue showed that CC-E promoted lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue and liver, whereas CT-E mainly improved the insulin concentration in the blood and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Hu TY, Liu CL, Chyau CC, Hu ML. Trapping of methylglyoxal by curcumin in cell-free systems and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8190-8196. [PMID: 22849714 DOI: 10.1021/jf302188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, the most active compound of curcuminoids, has been shown to inhibit formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. However, little is known on whether curcumin may trap methylglyoxal (MGO), a major reactive dicarbonyl compound, to inhibit AGE formation. We found that one molecule of curcumin effectively trapped one molecule of MGO at a 1:3 ratio at 24 h of incubation under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Curcumin decreased N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We further used two curcumin analogues, dimethoxycurcumin (DIMC) and ferulic acid, to investigate the possible MGO-trapping mechanism of curcumin. Results reveal that DIMC, but not ferulic acid, exhibited MGO-trapping capacity, indicating curcumin traps MGO at the electron-dense carbon atom (C10) between the two keto carbon groups. Thus, curcumin may prevent MGO-induced endothelial dysfunction by directly trapping MGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yu Hu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), known as reactive carbonyl species, can be generated endogenously and exogenously (human body and food system). They are attracting increased attention because of their relationship with diabetes and flavour generation. In this review, their characteristics relating to flavour chemistry are discussed. MGO and GO can be detected in food systems by GC and HPLC after derivatization. MGO and GO formed in the Maillard reaction play important roles as precursors of aroma and colour compounds, especially in Strecker degradation, a major flavour generation reaction. When combined with amino acids they undergo Schiff base formation, decarboxylation and α-aminoketone condensation leading to heterocyclic aroma compounds such as pyrazines, pyrroles and pyridines. They attack amine groups in amino acids, peptides and proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and cause carbonyl stress followed by oxidative stress and tissue damage. Therefore, many studies about scavengers of MGO and GO are seen. The influence of these scavengers on flavour generation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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Cinnamic acid and its derivatives inhibit fructose-mediated protein glycation. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1778-1789. [PMID: 22408423 PMCID: PMC3291992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have shown a variety of pharmacologic properties. However, little is known about the antiglycation properties of cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The present study sought to characterize the protein glycation inhibitory activity of cinnamic acid and its derivatives in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/fructose system. The results demonstrated that cinnamic acid and its derivatives significantly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by approximately 11.96–63.36% at a concentration of 1 mM. The strongest inhibitory activity against the formation of AGEs was shown by cinnamic acid. Furthermore, cinnamic acid and its derivatives reduced the level of fructosamine, the formation of Nɛ-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), and the level of amyloid cross β-structure. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives also prevented oxidative protein damages, including effects on protein carbonyl formation and thiol oxidation of BSA. Our findings may lead to the possibility of using cinnamic acid and its derivatives for preventing AGE-mediated diabetic complications.
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Apple Procyanidins Suppress Amyloid β-Protein Aggregation. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2011:784698. [PMID: 21826271 PMCID: PMC3150145 DOI: 10.1155/2011/784698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins (PCs) are major components of the apple polyphenols (APs). We previously reported that treatment with PC extended the mean lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (Sunagawa et al., 2011). In order to estimate the neuroprotective effects of PC, we investigated the antiaggregative activity of PC on amyloid β-protein (Aβ) aggregation, which is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We herein report that PC significantly suppressed Aβ42 aggregation and dissociated Aβ42 aggregates in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that PC is a potent suppressor of Aβ aggregation. Furthermore, PC significantly inhibited Aβ42 neurotoxicity and stimulated proliferation in PC-12 cells. These results suggested that the PC and AP acted as neuroprotective factors against toxic Aβ aggregates.
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Ma J, Peng X, Zhang X, Chen F, Wang M. Dual Effects of Phloretin and Phloridzin on the Glycation Induced by Methylglyoxal in Model Systems. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1304-11. [DOI: 10.1021/tx2001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Wu CH, Huang SM, Lin JA, Yen GC. Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation by foodstuffs. Food Funct 2011; 2:224-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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