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Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of quercetin and its phase-2 conjugates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38189312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (Q3'S). Unsupplemented diets produce much lower concentrations (<50 nmol/l) rarely investigated in vitro. At 10 nmol/l, Q3'S and Q3G stimulate or suppress, respectively, angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Statistically significant effects have been reported at 100 nmol/l in breast cancer cells (Q3G), primary neuron cultures (Q3G), lymphocytes (Q3G and3'MQ3G) and HUVECs (QG/QS mixture), but it is unclear whether these translate to a health benefit in vivo. More sensitive and more precise methods to measure clinically significant endpoints are required before a conclusion can be drawn regarding effects at normal dietary concentrations. Future requirements include better understanding of inter-individual and temporal variation in plasma quercetin phase-2 conjugates, their mechanisms of action including deglucuronidation and desulfation both in vitro and in vivo, tissue accumulation and washout, as well as potential for synergy or antagonism with other quercetin metabolites and metabolites of other dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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2
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Christiansen CB, Jeppesen PB, Hermansen K, Gregersen S. The Impact of an 8-Week Supplementation with Fermented and Non-Fermented Aronia Berry Pulp on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:5094. [PMID: 38140354 PMCID: PMC10745664 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia berries contain antioxidants that may be health-promoting, e.g., demonstrated positive effects on hypertension and dyslipidaemia. There is a close link between cardiovascular diseases and hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, we investigated the effect of an 8-week supplementation with fermented aronia extract (FAE), non-fermented aronia extract (AE), and placebo on cardiovascular risk factors. Snack bars were produced containing 34 g (37%) aronia extract, or 17 g (21%) wheat bran for placebo, as well as raisins and coconut oil. The study was randomized and blinded with a triple-crossover design. We examined the effects of aronia extracts on blood pressure, adiponectin, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and found no effects. After supplementation with placebo, there were significantly higher blood concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol, with the placebo group showing significantly higher increases in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol than the AE group. Furthermore, we observed an increase in HDL-cholesterol in the FAE group and an increase in triglyceride in the AE group. Thus, we assume that the raisins may have increased the participants' cholesterol levels, with both AE and FAE having the potential to prevent this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Per B. Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Christiansen CB, Jeppesen PB, Hermansen K, Gregersen S. Aronia in the Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Regimen. Nutrients 2023; 15:4188. [PMID: 37836472 PMCID: PMC10574687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa berries are rich in antioxidants and possess a high antioxidant capacity. Aronia berries have shown potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment, and previous studies indicate improvements in glycemia after supplementation. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of aronia berries is limited by the low bioavailability of aronia, which fermentation could potentially overcome. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of fermented or non-fermented aronia pulp with placebo in subjects with T2DM. This study was a triple-blinded, triple-crossover study with eight-week intervention periods with fermented aronia extract (FAE), non-fermented aronia extract (AE), and placebo. Extracts were incorporated in snack bars with 37% aronia (FAE or AE) or wheat bran (placebo) and 63% raisins and coconut oil. Pre- and post-treatment period, we did fasting blood samples, including hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, insulin, glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon, oral glucose tolerance tests, and anthropometric measurements. Of 36 randomized participants, 23 completed the trial. Aside from a higher increase in GIP after FAE supplementation compared to after placebo supplementation, aronia extracts had no effect. The increase in GIP levels after FAE supplementation may hold potential benefits, but the overall clinical impact remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Per B. Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (P.B.J.); (K.H.); (S.G.)
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Płatosz N, Bączek N, Topolska J, Szawara-Nowak D, Wiczkowski W. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Features Different Permeability to Cyanidin-3-galactoside and Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside and Their Metabolites Circulating in Blood. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12852-12864. [PMID: 36184825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the penetration of anthocyanins through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF barrier) after intraruminal administration of chokeberry and red cabbage preparation to sheep. However, they have failed to explain which food anthocyanin forms are more capable of crossing the BCSF barrier. Thus, this study aim was to verify the ability of cyanidin 3-galactoside (Cy3gal, main chokeberry anthocyanin) and cyanidin 3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (Cy3diG5G, main red cabbage anthocyanin) to cross the BCSF barrier on the sheep model (n = 16) after intravenous administration (to exclude the influence of gastrointestinal processes) of preparations containing these compounds. The micro-HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that, after intravenous administration, anthocyanins penetrated the BCSF barrier and that the penetration potential of Cy3gal derivatives (6.73%) was higher than that of Cy3diG5G derivatives (6.10%), suggesting the observed differences to be largely due to the type and number of substituents as well as the size of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Płatosz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Phenol metabolic fingerprint and selection of intake biomarkers after acute and sustained consumption of red-fleshed apple versus common apple in humans. The AppleCOR study. Food Chem 2022; 384:132612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Nistor M, Pop R, Daescu A, Pintea A, Socaciu C, Rugina D. Anthocyanins as Key Phytochemicals Acting for the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134254. [PMID: 35807504 PMCID: PMC9268666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Nistor
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Daescu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Christiansen CB, Mellbye FB, Hermansen K, Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S. Effects of Aronia melanocarpa on Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Design Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:76-92. [PMID: 35831939 PMCID: PMC10044047 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia) is a shrub with small berries, chokeberries. Chokeberries are claimed to possess health benefits due to a high content of polyphenols. Aronia is known to be extremely antioxidant; however, evidence for its health benefits is not established.
This review gives an overview of the impact of Aronia on cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases. METHODS: Seventeen studies on cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases were identified through a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria were studies with
Aronia as intervention, performed in individuals with cardiometabolic disease or risk factors, e. g., type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, overweight, central obesity and smoking. Four of these studies were applicable for a
quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Aronia did not influence body weight, circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or blood pressure. The quantitative analysis revealed a mean reduction in blood glucose of 0.44 mmol/l (P=0.0001) in the treatment
group compared with the control group suggesting that Aronia treatment may have a beneficial impact on blood glucose. In addition, treatment durations of 6 weeks to 3 months tended to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, while shorter treatment durations had no effect on LDL
cholesterol. The quantitative analysis did not provide data on long-term effects of Aronia on lipids. CONCLUSIONS: More long-term high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify if dietary supplementation with Aronia has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Fredrik B. Mellbye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Per B. Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Cianciosi D, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Xiao J, Giampieri F, Battino M. The efficacy of berries against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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Yuste S, Ludwig IA, Romero M, Piñol‐Felis C, Catalán Ú, Pedret A, Valls RM, Fernández‐Castillejo S, Motilva M, Macià A, Rubió L. Metabolic Fate and Cardiometabolic Effects of Phenolic Compounds from Red‐Fleshed Apple in Hypercholesterolemic Rats: A Comparative Study with Common White‐Fleshed Apple. The AppleCOR Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001225. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yuste
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Iziar A. Ludwig
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
| | - María‐Paz Romero
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Carme Piñol‐Felis
- Department of Medicine University of Lleida, Lleida Catalonia Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Fundació Dr. Pifarré IRBLleida, Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Rosa M. Valls
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya Unitat de Nutrició i Salut Reus Catalonia Spain
| | - Sara Fernández‐Castillejo
- Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC‐Salut) Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Sant Llorenç 21 Reus 43201 Spain
| | - María‐José Motilva
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja, Finca “La Grajera” Carretera de Burgos km 6 La Rioja 26007, Logroño Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department XaRTA‐TPV Agrotecnio Center Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària University of Lleida, Avda/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 Catalonia 25198 Lleida Spain
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11
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Boer DE, Mirzaian M, Ferraz MJ, Zwiers KC, Baks MV, Hazeu MD, Ottenhoff R, Marques ARA, Meijer R, Roos JCP, Cox TM, Boot RG, Pannu N, Overkleeft HS, Artola M, Aerts JM. Human glucocerebrosidase mediates formation of xylosyl-cholesterol by β-xylosidase and transxylosidase reactions. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100018. [PMID: 33361282 PMCID: PMC7903134 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GBA), a lysosomal β-glucosidase, causes Gaucher disease. The enzyme hydrolyzes β-glucosidic substrates and transglucosylates cholesterol to cholesterol-β-glucoside. Here we show that recombinant human GBA also cleaves β-xylosides and transxylosylates cholesterol. The xylosyl-cholesterol formed acts as an acceptor for the subsequent formation of di-xylosyl-cholesterol. Common mutant forms of GBA from patients with Gaucher disease with reduced β-glucosidase activity were similarly impaired in β-xylosidase, transglucosidase, and transxylosidase activities, except for a slightly reduced xylosidase/glucosidase activity ratio of N370S GBA and a slightly reduced transglucosylation/glucosidase activity ratio of D409H GBA. XylChol was found to be reduced in spleen from patients with Gaucher disease. The origin of newly identified XylChol in mouse and human tissues was investigated. Cultured human cells exposed to exogenous β-xylosides generated XylChol in a manner dependent on active lysosomal GBA but not the cytosol-facing β-glucosidase GBA2. We later sought an endogenous β-xyloside acting as donor in transxylosylation reactions, identifying xylosylated ceramide (XylCer) in cells and tissues that serve as donor in the formation of XylChol. UDP-glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) was unable to synthesize XylChol but could catalyze the formation of XylCer. Thus, food-derived β-D-xyloside and XylCer are potential donors for the GBA-mediated formation of XylChol in cells. The enzyme GCS produces XylCer at a low rate. Our findings point to further catalytic versatility of GBA and prompt a systematic exploration of the distribution and role of xylosylated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E Boer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley C Zwiers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Merel V Baks
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marc D Hazeu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André R A Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Meijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C P Roos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Navraj Pannu
- Department of Biophysical Structural Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Artola
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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12
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Chokeberry anthocyanins and their metabolites ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Food Chem 2020; 346:128730. [PMID: 33293147 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether anthocyanins and their phase II metabolites permeate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B) of sheep and to profile these compounds in sheep biofluids after chokeberry intraruminal administration. Anthocyanins were analyzed using micro-HPLC-MS/MS. After chokeberry administration, anthocyanins were absorbed and occurred in body fluids mainly in the form of methylated, glucuronidated, and sulfated derivatives (in total, 21 derivatives were identified). The study showed that anthocyanins penetrated the B-CSF-B and their change in profile and concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted from fluctuations in concentrations of these compounds in blood plasma, although the presence of various cyanidin derivatives in CSF also depended on their chemical structure. The biological fate of chokeberry anthocyanins, from absorption into blood to penetration into CSF, was tracked to facilitate the design of further experimental procedures to determine the biological properties of these compounds, including potentially neuroprotective activities.
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13
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Ahles S, Stevens YR, Joris PJ, Vauzour D, Adam J, de Groot E, Plat J. The Effect of Long-Term Aronia melanocarpa Extract Supplementation on Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Middle-Aged Individuals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082475. [PMID: 32824483 PMCID: PMC7468716 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is associated with lifestyle-related factors such as overweight, blood pressure, and dietary composition. Studies have reported beneficial effects of dietary anthocyanins on cognition in older adults and children. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on cognition is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of long-term supplementation with AME on cognitive performance, mood, and vascular function in healthy, middle-aged, overweight adults. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study, 101 participants either consumed 90 mg AME, 150 mg AME, or placebo for 24 weeks. The grooved pegboard test, number cross-out test, and Stroop test were performed as measures for psychomotor speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Mood was evaluated with a visual analogue scale, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined, and vascular function was assessed by carotid ultrasounds and blood pressure measurements. AME improved psychomotor speed compared to placebo (90 mg AME: change = -3.37; p = 0.009). Furthermore, 150 mg AME decreased brachial diastolic blood pressure compared to 90 mg AME (change = 2.44; p = 0.011), but not compared to placebo. Attention, cognitive flexibility, BDNF, and other vascular parameters were not affected. In conclusion, AME supplementation showed an indication of beneficial effects on cognitive performance and blood pressure in individuals at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.); (J.A.)
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Yala R. Stevens
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 85, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.); (J.A.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Jos Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Eric de Groot
- Imagelabonline & Cardiovascular, 4117 GV Erichem, The Netherlands;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC—Location Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (P.J.J.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Racova Z, Anzenbacherova E, Papouskova B, Poschner S, Kucova P, Gausterer JC, Gabor F, Kolar M, Anzenbacher P. Metabolite profiling of natural substances in human: in vitro study from fecal bacteria to colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2). J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108482. [PMID: 32801030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, including anthocyanins, are polyphenolic compounds present in fruits, vegetables and dietary supplements. They can be absorbed from the intestine to the bloodstream or pass into the large intestine. Various bacterial species and enzymes are present along the entire intestine. The aim of the present work was to investigate the intestinal metabolism of selected dietary polyphenol and polyphenol glycosides (quercetin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and delphinidin-3-O-galactoside) by human fecal bacteria. Moreover, the metabolism of metabolites formed from these compounds in human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2) was also point of the interest. Test compounds were added to fresh human stool in broth or to Caco-2 cells in medium and then incubated for 6 or 20 h at 37°C. After incubation, samples were prepared for LC/MS determination. Main metabolic pathways were deglycosylation, hydrogenation, methylation, hydroxylation, and decomposition. 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, as a metabolite of cyanidin glycosides, was detected after incubation for the first time. Metabolites formed by fecal bacteria were further glucuronidated or methylated by intestinal enzymes. This metabolite profiling of natural compounds has helped to better understand the complex metabolism in the human intestine and this work also has shown the connection of metabolism of natural substances by intestinal bacteria followed by metabolism in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Racova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Anzenbacherova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Poschner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavla Kucova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Clara Gausterer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Kolar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Valdez JC, Cho J, Bolling BW. Aronia berry inhibits disruption of Caco-2 intestinal barrier function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa L .-A Qualitative Composition, Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203710. [PMID: 31619015 PMCID: PMC6832535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black chokeberry (Aronia melnocarpa) is a source of many bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. Fresh, unprocessed chokeberry fruits are rarely consumed due to their astringent taste, but they are used in the food industry for the production of juices, nectars, syrups, jams, preserves, wines, tinctures, fruit desserts, jellies, fruit teas and dietary supplements. Polyphenols are biofactors that determine the high bioactivity of chokeberries, some of the richest sources of polyphenols, which include anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. Chokeberry fruit and products have great antioxidant and health-promoting potential as they reduce the occurrence of free radicals. This publication reviewed the scientific research regarding the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potential of chokeberry fruits, products and isolated compounds. These findings may be crucial in future research concerning chokeberry based functional food products. Chokeberry fruits can be considered as promising component of designed food with enhanced antioxidant potential. However, like other plants and medicinal products of natural origin, black chokeberry requires extensive studies to determine its antioxidant potential, safety and mechanisms of action.
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17
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Stevanović V, Pantović A, Krga I, Zeković M, Šarac I, Glibetić M, Vidović N. Aronia juice consumption prior to half-marathon race can acutely affect platelet activation in recreational runners. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:393-400. [PMID: 31539487 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance running, especially in non-professional runners, can increase cardiac arrest risk by enhancing platelet activation and aggregation. Polyphenols can exert cardioprotective effects by positively influencing platelet function. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of polyphenol-rich aronia juice consumption, before simulation of a half-marathon race, on platelet activation and aggregation with leukocytes in recreational runners. In this acute crossover study,10 healthy male runners (age 30.8 ± 2.3 years) consumed breakfast with 200 mL of aronia juice or 200 mL of placebo. They warmed-up and ran a simulated half-marathon race (21.1 km). Blood was collected at baseline, and at 15 min, 1 h, and 24 h after the run. All variables were analyzed with 4 (time) × 2 (group) ANOVA with repeated measures on both factors. Results revealed a significant effect of group on platelet activation parameters: P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa expressions significantly decreased in the aronia group compared with the placebo group (F[1,9] = 10.282, p = 0.011 and F[1,9] = 7.860, p = 0.021, respectively). The effect of time was significant on both platelet aggregation markers: platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil aggregates were significantly lower after the race (F[3,7] = 4.227, p = 0.014 and F[3,7] = 70.065, p = 0.000, respectively), with changes more pronounced in the later. All effects remained when platelets were exposed to an agonist. These results suggest that aronia consumption could counteract the half-marathon race-induced changes in platelet function. Novelty Aronia juice consumption significantly decreased the expression of platelet activation markers but did not affect platelet aggregation. The race itself did significantly reduce platelet-neutrophil aggregation. Aronia juice may serve as a supplement beverage for recreational runners to alleviate enhanced platelet reactivity caused by prolonged running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Stevanović
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantović
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Krga
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetić
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Vidović
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuškog st. 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Lim SM, Lee HS, Jung JI, Kim SM, Kim NY, Seo TS, Bae JS, Kim EJ. Cyanidin-3- O-galactoside-enriched Aronia m elanocarpa extract attenuates weight gain and adipogenic pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051190. [PMID: 31137884 PMCID: PMC6566507 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa are a rich source of anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their relations to human health. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside-enriched Aronia melanocarpa extract (AM-Ex) and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in an in vivo system. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups for 8-week feeding with a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD with 50 (AM-Ex 50), 100 (AM-Ex 100), or 200 AM-Ex (AM-Ex 200) mg/kg body weight/day. HFD-fed mice showed a significant increase in body weight compared to the CD group, and AM-Ex dose-dependently inhibited this weight gain. AM-Ex significantly reduced the food intake and the weight of white fat tissue, including epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, mesenteric fat, and inguinal fat. Treatment with AM-Ex (50 to 200 mg/kg) reduced serum levels of leptin, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Lim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - So Mi Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
| | - Nam Young Kim
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Tae Su Seo
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Jung-Shik Bae
- R&D center, Wellfine Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24232, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.
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19
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Oracz J, Nebesny E, Zyzelewicz D, Budryn G, Luzak B. Bioavailability and metabolism of selected cocoa bioactive compounds: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1947-1985. [PMID: 31124371 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1619160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa beans and their co-products are a rich source of beneficial compounds for health promotion, including polyphenols and methylxanthines. Knowledge of bioavailability and in vivo bioactivity of these phytochemicals is crucial to understand their role and function in human health. Therefore, many studies concerning bioavailability and bioactivity of cocoa bioactive compound have been done in both in vivo animal models and in humans. This critical review comprehensively summarizes the existing knowledge about the bioavailability and the major metabolic pathways of selected cocoa bioactive compounds (i.e. monomeric flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids, N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids, stilbenes, and methylxanthines). The compiled results indicated that many of these compounds undergo extensive metabolism prior to absorption. Different factors have been suggested to influence the bioavailability of polyphenols and methylxanthines among them the role of gut microbiota, structure of these compounds, food matrix and occurrence of other substances were the most often considered. Aforementioned factors decided about the site where these bioactive compounds are digested and absorbed from the alimentary tract, as well as the pathway by which they are metabolized. These factors also determine of the type of transport through the intestine barrier (passive, involving specific enzymes or mediated by specific transporters) and their metabolic path and profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Nebesny
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Zyzelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Budryn
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Boguslawa Luzak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Benatrehina PA, Pan L, Naman CB, Li J, Kinghorn AD. Usage, biological activity, and safety of selected botanical dietary supplements consumed in the United States. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:267-277. [PMID: 29736381 PMCID: PMC5934707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the continuous growth of the botanical dietary supplement industry and the increased popularity of lesser known or exotic botanicals, recent findings are described on the phytochemical composition and biological activities of five selected fruits consumed in the United States, namely, açaí, noni, mangosteen, black chokeberry, and maqui berry. A review of the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants has revealed some similarities ranging from wound-healing to the treatment of fever and infectious diseases. Laboratory studies on açaí have shown both its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and more importantly, its neuroprotective properties in animals. Anthraquinones and iridoid glucosides isolated from noni fruit induce the phase II enzyme quinone reductase (QR), and noni fruit juice exhibited antitumor and antidiabetic activities in certain animal models. Antitumorigenic effects of mangosteen in animal xenograft models of human cancers have been attributed to its xanthone content, and pure α-mangostin was shown to display antineoplastic activity in mice despite a reported low oral bioavailability. Work on the less extensively investigated black chokeberry and maqui berry has focused on recent isolation studies and has resulted in the identification of bioactive secondary metabolites with QR-inducing and hydroxyl-radical scavenging properties. On the basis of the safety studies and toxicity case reports described herein, these fruits may be generally considered as safe. However, cases of adulteration found in a commercialized açaí product and some conflicting results from mangosteen safety studies warrant further investigation on the safety of these marketed botanical dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Wu T, Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Pitart J, Kamiloglu S, Possemiers S, Heinonen M, Kardum N, Glibetic M, Smagghe G, Raes K, Van Camp J. Aronia ( Aronia melanocarpa ) phenolics bioavailability in a combined in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model is structure and colon region dependent. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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22
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Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9260701. [PMID: 29081896 PMCID: PMC5610832 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9260701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Delphinidin was found to degrade rapidly (t1/2 ~ 30 min), generating gallic acid as a major degradation product. Both delphinidin and gallic acid generated oxygen-centred radicals at high (100 μM) concentrations in vitro. In a cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell model of oxidative stress, the antioxidant protective effects of both delphinidin and gallic acid displayed a hormesic profile; 100 μM concentrations of both were cytotoxic, but relatively low concentrations (100 nM–1 μM) protected the cells and were associated with increased intracellular glutathione. We conclude that delphinidin is intrinsically unstable and unlikely to confer any direct antioxidant activity in vivo yet it offered antioxidant protection to cells at low concentrations. This paradox might be explained by the ability of the degradation product, gallic acid, to confer benefit. The findings are important in understanding the mode of protection conferred by anthocyanins and reinforce the necessity to conduct in vitro experiments at biologically relevant concentrations.
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23
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Jurikova T, Mlcek J, Skrovankova S, Sumczynski D, Sochor J, Hlavacova I, Snopek L, Orsavova J. Fruits of Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E944. [PMID: 28590446 PMCID: PMC6152740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the utilization of natural sources of antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) represents a lesser known fruit species utilized mainly as juices, purees, jams, jellies and wine, as important food colorants or nutritional supplements. The fruit is valued as a great source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, such as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and flavonols), particularly cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, as well as (-)-epicatechin units. The berries of A. melanocarpa, due to the presence and the high content of these bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of positive effects, such as strong antioxidant activity and potential medicinal and therapeutic benefits (gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory activities). They could be also contributory toward the prevention of chronic diseases including metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, because of supportive impacts on lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for teacher training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Drazovska 4, Nitra SK-949 74, Slovakia.
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Hlavacova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Snopek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Orsavova
- Language Centre, Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, CZ-760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
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Goszcz K, Duthie GG, Stewart D, Leslie SJ, Megson IL. Bioactive polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: chemical antagonists, pharmacological agents or xenobiotics that drive an adaptive response? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1209-1225. [PMID: 28071785 PMCID: PMC5429332 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are widely regarded to have a wide range of health-promoting qualities, including beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Historically, the benefits have been linked to their well-recognized powerful antioxidant activity. However, the concept that the beneficial effects are attributable to direct antioxidant activity in vivo does not pay sufficient heed to the fact that polyphenols degrade rapidly, are poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolized, resulting in very low bioavailability. This review explores alternative mechanisms by which polyphenols, or their metabolites, exert biological activity via mechanisms that can be activated by physiologically relevant concentrations. Evidence is presented to support the action of phenolic derivatives on receptors and signalling pathways to induce adaptive responses that drive changes in endogenous antioxidant, antiplatelet, vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The implications are that in vitro antioxidant measures as predictors of polyphenol protective activity in vivo hold little relevance and that closer attention needs to be paid to bioavailable metabolites to understand the mode of action of these diet-derived components. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goszcz
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
- Cardiology UnitRaigmore HospitalInvernessUK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
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Nowak D, Gośliński M, Szwengiel A. Multidimensional comparative analysis of phenolic compounds in organic juices with high antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2657-2663. [PMID: 27739084 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in fruit, vegetables and juices is associated with health benefit and reduced risk of certain civilization diseases. Antioxidant properties depend mainly on the total content of polyphenols and their composition. The aim of this study was to perform a multidimensional comparative analysis of phenolic compounds of organic juices with high antioxidant capacity (chokeberry, elderberry, cranberry, pomegranate). RESULTS All the analyzed juices were a rich source of phenolic compounds. Chokeberry juices had the highest total polyphenol content (up to 7900 mg GAE L-1 ). These juices as well as pomegranate juice were characterized by the highest antioxidant capacity (∼5000 mg Trolox equivalents L-1 ). Other samples had lower total polyphenols content and total antioxidant capacity. Multidimensional analysis of the profiles of phenolic compounds showed that chokeberry juices differ from the other juices. Cranberry and pomegranate juices were similar to each other, and elderberry juice was closer to these samples than to chokeberry. The predominant polyphenols of chokeberry juices were anthocyanins (especially cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acid). Elderberry juice was an exception by having flavonols (quercetin derivatives) as the principal compounds. CONCLUSION Chokeberry juices were characterized by the highest antioxidant properties, which predispose them to further clinical research concerning the supporting cardiovascular disease prophylaxis. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Gośliński
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Borowska S, Brzóska MM. Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa
) and Their Products as a Possible Means for the Prevention and Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases and Unfavorable Health Effects Due to Exposure to Xenobiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:982-1017. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Borowska
- Borowska and Brzóska are with Dept. of Toxicology; Medical Univ. of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | - Malgorzata M. Brzóska
- Borowska and Brzóska are with Dept. of Toxicology; Medical Univ. of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
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Xie L, Lee SG, Vance TM, Wang Y, Kim B, Lee JY, Chun OK, Bolling BW. Bioavailability of anthocyanins and colonic polyphenol metabolites following consumption of aronia berry extract. Food Chem 2016; 211:860-8. [PMID: 27283706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A single-dose pharmacokinetic trial was conducted in 6 adults to evaluate the bioavailability of anthocyanins and colonic polyphenol metabolites after consumption of 500mg aronia berry extract. UHPLC-MS methods were developed to quantitate aronia berry polyphenols and their metabolites in plasma and urine. While anthocyanins were bioavailable, microbial phenolic catabolites increased ∼10-fold more than anthocyanins in plasma and urine. Among the anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was rapidly metabolized to peonidin-3-O-galactoside. Aronia polyphenols were absorbed and extensively metabolized with tmax of anthocyanins and other polyphenol catabolites from 1.0h to 6.33h in plasma and urine. Despite significant inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetic parameters, concentrations of polyphenol metabolites in plasma and urine at 24h were positively correlated with total AUC in plasma and urine (r=0.93, and r=0.98, respectively). This suggests that fasting blood and urine collections could be used to estimate polyphenol bioavailability and metabolism after aronia polyphenol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Terrence M Vance
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Rd Extension, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, United States; Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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Lila MA, Burton-Freeman B, Grace M, Kalt W. Unraveling Anthocyanin Bioavailability for Human Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:375-93. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081; ,
| | - Britt Burton-Freeman
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60501;
| | - Mary Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081; ,
| | - Wilhelmina Kalt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5 Canada;
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Effects of Edible Berries: A Focus on Colon Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2016; 21:169. [PMID: 26840292 PMCID: PMC6273426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases across the world. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that diets rich in fruit, such as berries, provide significant health benefits against several types of cancer, including colon cancer. The anticancer activities of berries are attributed to their high content of phytochemicals and to their relevant antioxidant properties. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that berries and their bioactive components exert therapeutic and preventive effects against colon cancer by the suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and angiogenesis, through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/PKB/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK. Based on the exciting outcomes of preclinical studies, a few berries have advanced to the clinical phase. A limited number of human studies have shown that consumption of berries can prevent colorectal cancer, especially in patients at high risk (familial adenopolyposis or aberrant crypt foci, and inflammatory bowel diseases). In this review, we aim to highlight the findings of berries and their bioactive compounds in colon cancer from in vitro and in vivo studies, both on animals and humans. Thus, this review could be a useful step towards the next phase of berry research in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
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The impact of red cabbage fermentation on bioavailability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of human plasma. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parzonko A, Oświt A, Bazylko A, Naruszewicz M. Anthocyans-rich Aronia melanocarpa extract possesses ability to protect endothelial progenitor cells against angiotensin II induced dysfunction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1238-1246. [PMID: 26655406 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may provide protection against atherosclerosis and plaque rupture by their innate ability to replace dysfunctional or damaged endothelial cells in plaque microvessels. There is evidence that angiotensin II may impair the angiogenic functions of EPCs in the atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating senescence and inhibiting their proliferation through oxidative stress induction. PURPOSE In this study, we examined whether chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit extract, containing mainly anthocyanins with potent antioxidative properties, could protect EPCs against angiotensin-induced oxidative stress. METHODS EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood of young healthy volunteers and cultivated on fibronectin-coated plates in the presence or absence of angiotensin II (1 µM) and chokeberry extract (1-25 µg/ml). RESULTS EPCs exposed to chokeberry extract prior to angiotensin II showed a significant increase of proliferation and telomerase activity, and a decrease in the percentage of senescent cells and intracellular ROS formation in comparison to angiotensin II treated cells. Furthermore, extract increased migration ability, adhesion to fibronectin and the angiogenic potential of EPC in vitro diminished by angiotensin II in a concentration-dependent manner. That effect was related to the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and the increase of HO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that chokeberry extract may protect EPCs against angiotensin II-induced dysfunction and could play a potential role in the prevention of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Parzonko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Oświt
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bazylko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Naruszewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Goszcz K, Deakin SJ, Duthie GG, Stewart D, Leslie SJ, Megson IL. Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Therapy: Panacea or False Hope? Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:29. [PMID: 26664900 PMCID: PMC4671344 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key feature of the atherothrombotic process involved in the etiology of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral arterial disease. It stands to reason that antioxidants represent a credible therapeutic option to prevent disease progression and thereby improve outcome, but despite positive findings from in vitro studies, clinical trials have failed to consistently show benefit. The aim of this review is to re-appraise the concept of antioxidants in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. In particular, the review will explore the reasons behind failed antioxidant strategies with vitamin supplements and will evaluate how flavonoids might improve cardiovascular function despite bioavailability that is not sufficiently high to directly influence antioxidant capacity. As well as reaching conclusions relating to those antioxidant strategies that might hold merit, the major myths, limitations, and pitfalls associated with this research field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goszcz
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK
| | - Sherine J Deakin
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Health and Nutrition , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK ; School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; Cardiology Unit, Raigmore Hospital , Inverness , UK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
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Chokeberry Anthocyanin Extract as Pancreatic β-Cell Protectors in Two Models of Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:429075. [PMID: 26113953 PMCID: PMC4465716 DOI: 10.1155/2015/429075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a chokeberry anthocyanin extract (CAE) on pancreatic β-cells (βTC3) exposed to hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) and high glucose- (HG-) induced oxidative stress conditions. In order to quantify individual anthocyanins high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) was used. The identification of the fragment ion pattern of anthocyanins was carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The results showed that physiologically achievable concentrations of CAE (1, 5, and 10 μM) protect βTC3 against H2O2- and HG-induced cytotoxicity. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in pancreatic β-cells pretreated with CAE compared to cells exposed to the prooxidant agents. GSH levels initially reduced after exposure to H2O2 and HG were restored by pretreatment with CAE. Insulin secretion in βTC3 cells was enhanced by CAE pretreatment. CAE restored the insulin pool and diminished the intracellular reactive oxygen species level in glucose-induced stress condition in βTC3 cells. These results demonstrate that anthocyanins from CAE were biologically active, showing a secretagogue potential and an antioxidative protection of enzymatic systems, conferring protection against H2O2 and glucose toxicity in βTC3 cells.
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Jaganathan SK, Vellayappan MV, Narasimhan G, Supriyanto E, Octorina Dewi DE, Narayanan ALT, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, Yusof M. Chemopreventive effect of apple and berry fruits against colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17029-17036. [PMID: 25493015 PMCID: PMC4258571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer arises due to the conversion of precancerous polyps (benign) found in the inner lining of the colon. Prevention is better than cure, and this is very true with respect to colon cancer. Various epidemiologic studies have linked colorectal cancer with food intake. Apple and berry juices are widely consumed among various ethnicities because of their nutritious values. In this review article, chemopreventive effects of these fruit juices against colon cancer are discussed. Studies dealing with bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo effects of apple and berry juices are emphasized in this article. A thorough literature survey indicated that various phenolic phytochemicals present in these fruit juices have the innate potential to inhibit colon cancer cell lines. This review proposes the need for more preclinical evidence for the effects of fruit juices against different colon cancer cells, and also strives to facilitate clinical studies using these juices in humans in large trials. The conclusion of the review is that these apple and berry juices will be possible candidates in the campaign against colon cancer.
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Wiczkowski W, Szawara-Nowak D, Topolska J, Olejarz K, Zieliński H, Piskuła MK. Metabolites of dietary quercetin: Profile, isolation, identification, and antioxidant capacity. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Šavikin K, Zdunić G, Janković T, Gođevac D, Stanojković T, Pljevljakušić D. Berry fruit teas: Phenolic composition and cytotoxic activity. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wangensteen H, Bräunlich M, Nikolic V, Malterud KE, Slimestad R, Barsett H. Anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and total phenolics in four cultivars of aronia: Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Denev PN, Kratchanov CG, Ciz M, Lojek A, Kratchanova MG. Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Polyphenols: in vitro and in vivo Evidences and Possible Mechanisms of Action: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Llorach R, González CA, Andres-Lacueva C. Application of dietary phenolic biomarkers in epidemiology: past, present, and future. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6648-6657. [PMID: 22296234 DOI: 10.1021/jf204742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are a large group of plant compounds that have been associated with protective health effects against several chronic diseases due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Consequently, in nutritional epidemiology it is essential to make an accurate assessment of phenolic exposure to evaluate their protective activities against human diseases. Self-reported questionnaires and biomarkers are the two main methods used for estimating dietary phenolics. Despite the limitations of self-reported methods, they are still an acceptable and useful measure. Meanwhile, nutritional biomarkers provide an alternative, more accurate measure, but they are expensive, and to date there are few validated biomarkers of phenolic intake. Nowadays, new analytical techniques, using both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches, play an important part in the rapid increase in the understanding of phenolic bioavailability and, consequently, have provided new potential biomarkers in small trials. In the near future, these dietary biomarkers should be tested in large epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of two independent measures-questionnaires and biomarkers-together provides a more thorough analysis of true phenolic exposure. Indeed, the challenge in the long term is to combine the information from biomarkers and self-reported questionnaires to clarify the relationship between dietary phenolics and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology , IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Stalmach A, Edwards CA, Wightman JD, Crozier A. Gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following ingestion of Concord grape juice by humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:497-509. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Gordon MH. Significance of dietary antioxidants for health. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:173-9. [PMID: 22312245 PMCID: PMC3269679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since evidence became available that free radicals were involved in mechanisms for the development of major diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, there has been considerable research into the properties of natural dietary antioxidants. However, it has become clear that dietary antioxidants can only have beneficial effects in vivo by radical scavenging or effects on redox potential if they are present in tissues or bodily fluids at sufficient concentrations. For many dietary components, absorption is limited or metabolism into derivatives reduces the antioxidant capacity. For many dietary phytochemicals, direct antioxidant effects may be less important for health than other effects including effects on cell signalling or gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Gordon
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights P.O. Box 226, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +44-118-3786723
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Abstract
The kinetics of anthocyanin metabolism was investigated in a human feeding trial. Volunteers (n 12) consumed purple carrots containing five anthocyanin forms: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-coumuroyl-glucose-galactoside). The purple carrots were served as three different treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Purple carrot treatments were 250 g raw carrots, 250 g cooked carrots and 500 g cooked carrots. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for 8 and 24 h after the dose, respectively, and analysed for anthocyanins. Of the anthocyanin forms ingested, four were detected in plasma and urine: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside). The time courses of plasma and urine anthocyanin contents were evaluated with compartmental modelling. Results showed that absorption, gastrointestinal transit and plasma elimination are dependent on anthocyanin structure. Absorption efficiencies of acylated compounds (cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside)) were less than those for non-acylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside)). The acylated anthocyanins exhibited a shorter half-life for gastrointestinal absorption than the non-acylated anthocyanins. Fractional elimination of non-acylated compounds was slower than that for acylated anthocyanins. These results provide the first information about the kinetics of individual anthocyanins in human beings.
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