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Arundina I, Frimayanti N, Surboyo MDC, Budhy TI, Iskandar B. 6-Octadecenoic and Oleic Acid in Liquid Smoke Rice Husk Showed COVID-19 Inhibitor Properties. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:8105595. [PMID: 38699656 PMCID: PMC11065493 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, liquid smoke rice husk (LSRH) has shown its therapeutic potency to diabetes, wound healing, stomatitis, and periodontitis. The phenol, 6-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, and 9-octadecanoic acid were responsible for their therapeutic effect. The LSRH also demonstrated their potential for infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Therefore, the molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation and pharmacophore analysis was performed to analyse the binding stability of 6-octadecenoic and oleic acid. Based on MD simulation, 6-octadecenoic and oleic acids seemed to retain their interactions with Ser144 and Thr24, respectively, with hydrogen bond distance less than 2.9 Å. This interaction was stable during the simulation and has hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds/acceptors. The 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid were confirmed to have great potency as inhibitors for COVID-19. These compounds also showed that the existence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds/acceptors could increase biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Arundina
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Neni Frimayanti
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR), Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | | | - Theresia Indah Budhy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Benni Iskandar
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR), Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Arundina I, Frimayanti N, Surboyo MDC, Budhy TI, Iskandar B, Pradana A, Rahmaputry T. In Silico Study of Liquid Smoke Rice Husk against COVID-19. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 36075262 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liquid smoke rice husk has been researched and proved to consist of antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and growth factor stimulatory properties. By these complex properties, the liquid smoke rice hull is able to purpose as a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inhibitor. The research was conducted to analyze the role of the dominant compound in rice husk liquid smoke against one of the main proteases in complex with inhibitor N3 of COVID-19 and 6LU7 protein data bank (PDB) ID. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2020.0901 (Chemical computing group) was used to analyzed the interaction. The molecular structure test, including phenol, mequinol, 2-methoxy-phenol, 6-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, 9-cctadecenoic acid, was chosen. The lopinavir as positive control and 6LU7 as COVID-19 protein were chosen. All the protein analyses were conducted using docking molecular. RESULT The phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol, mequinol and 9-octadecenoic acid have higher binding free energy that causes difficult to bind to the active site of protein 6LU7 (-3.4758, -3.5509, -3.6845, and -5.0173 kcal/mol, respectively). The minor component of liquid smoke, such as 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid, has the binding free energy (-5,5327 and -5,4208 kcal/mol) and more factor of binding presumably as active COVID-19 inhibitor. CONCLUSION The liquid smoke rice husk has active component like 6-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid are presumably as active COVID-19 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Arundina
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Meircurius D C Surboyo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Theresia I Budhy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Benni Iskandar
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arya Pradana
- Bachelor Dental Science Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tytania Rahmaputry
- Bachelor Dental Science Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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3
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20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 alleviates T2DM induced liver injury via the Akt/FOXO1 pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:669-678. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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A Preliminary Study on the Use of Rice Husk-Based Smoke Powder for Meatball Preservatives. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7915258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the use of smoke powder derived from rice husks as a preservative for chicken meatballs. Rice husks were pyrolyzed in a slow pyrolysis reactor at the temperatures of 300°C (T1), 350°C (T2), and 400°C (T3) to produce liquid smoke. Each of the liquid smoke was distilled at 190°C and then converted into smoke powder by spray drying method. The smoke powder’s feasibility as a meatball preservative was examined by total plate count (TPC), total volatile base (TVB), most probable number (MPN) test of E. coli, and organoleptic (aroma, texture, and color) tests. The results showed that the TPC and TVB increased with storage time. At the storage time of 76 hours, the meatballs were no longer suitable for consumption as the TPC had exceeded the minimum limit. In meatballs with T3 smoke powder at 72-hour storage, the number of colonies was 6.87 × 104 CFU/g, indicating the TPC value has not exceeded the threshold yet. The TVB test showed that up to 72 hours of storage, the meatballs remained fresh with a TVB value of less than 0.20 mgN/g. The result of the organoleptic test also showed that meatballs could last for 72 hours. The MPN test, on the other hand, revealed that the E. coli was still permissible after 68 hours of preservation.
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5
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Budhy TI, Arundina I, Surboyo MDC, Halimah AN. The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:653-659. [PMID: 34041725 PMCID: PMC8630964 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of rice husk liquid smoke in
Porphyromonas gingivalis
-induced periodontitis in the inflammatory and proliferation marker such as nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), collagen type 1 (COL-1) expression, and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts.
Materials and Methods
Rice husk liquid smoke is obtained by the pyrolysis process.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
-induced periodontitis in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 × 10
9
CFU was injected into the lower anterior gingival sulcus of Wistar rats. The periodontitis was then treated with 20 μL/20 g body weight of rice husk liquid smoke once a day for 2 and 7 days, respectively. After treatment, the bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining.
Results
The treatment of periodontitis with rice husk liquid smoke showed a lower NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and a higher TGF-β, FGF2, and COL-1 expression than the control after treatment for 2 and 7 days (
p
< 0.05), respectively. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts was also higher when compared with the control group (
p
< 0.05), but the number of lymphocytes was lower than the control (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Rice husk liquid smoke showed its effects on
Porphyromonas gingivalis
-induced periodontitis with a decrease in inflammatory markers and an increase in proliferation markers. The development of a rice husk liquid smoke periodontitis treatment is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Indah Budhy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ira Arundina
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Anisa Nur Halimah
- Master of Dental Science Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine. Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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6
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Guzmán TJ, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Glucokinase activation as antidiabetic therapy: effect of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals on glucokinase gene expression and enzymatic activity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:182-193. [PMID: 31210550 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents an important public health problem. Recently, new molecular targets have been identified and exploited to treat this disease. Due to its pivotal role in glucose homeostasis, glucokinase (GCK) is a promising target for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs; however, pharmacological agents that modulate GCK activity have been linked to undesirable side-effects, limiting its use. Interestingly, plants might be a valuable source of new therapeutic compounds with GCK-activating properties and presumably no adverse effects. In this review, we describe biochemical characteristics related to the physiological and pathological importance of GCK, as well as the mechanisms involved in its regulation at different molecular levels. Posteriorly, we present a compendium of findings supporting the potential use of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals in the management of diabetes through modulation of GCK expression and activity. Finally, we propose critical aspects to keep in mind when designing experiments to evaluate GCK modulation properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud/Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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7
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Jaiyesimi KF, Agunbiade OS, Ajiboye BO, Afolabi OB. Polyphenolic-rich extracts of Andrographis paniculata mitigate hyperglycemia via attenuating β-cell dysfunction, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rat. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1543-1556. [PMID: 33553038 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate anti-hyperglycemic potentials of free and bound phenolic-rich extracts of Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) leaves, commonly called "king of the bitter", a plant locally employed in folkloric alternative medicine. Method In vitro antioxidant potentials such as total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated in addition to phosphomolybdenum reducing total antioxidant activity in bound and free polyphenol-rich extracts of A. paniculata. Also, following induction of diabetes through a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight, b.w), diabetic rats were divided into seven (7) treatment groups with six rats each (n = 6) i.e. group 1 (normal control), 2 (diabetic untreated), 3 (5 mg/kg glibenclamide -treated control), while 4-7 were administered 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w of free and bound phenolic extracts of A. paniculata, respectively for twenty-one (21) days. Results There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in hematological indices, hepatic biomarkers, total protein, antioxidant enzymes activities, total thiol and fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic groups administered polyphenolic-rich extracts of A. paniculata compared to diabetic untreated control. Similarly, serum insulin levels, hexokinase and glucose-6-phoshatase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in phenolic-rich extracts of A. paniculata-treated diabetic groups compared to diabetic untreated control. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction was as well observed in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) among extract of A. paniculata administered diabetic groups compared diabetic untreated group. Conclusions Anti-hyperglycemic activities demonstrated by polyphenolic-rich extracts of A. paniculata when compared to glibenclamide and normal control, could possibly have been occasioned by β-cell protection, restoration of glycolytic enzymes as well as mitigation of inflammatory markers via antioxidant defensive/protective properties of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikelomo Folake Jaiyesimi
- College of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Oludare Shadrach Agunbiade
- College of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Bashiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- College of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi
- College of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
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8
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Surboyo MDC, Arundina I, Rahayu RP, Mansur D, Bramantoro T. Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:271-279. [PMID: 31487751 PMCID: PMC6777171 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
Distilled liquid smoke (DLS) is a result of coconut processing by-product that not only serves as a natural food preservative but also has a promising therapeutic effect. The healing potential of DLS derived from coconut (
Cocos nucifera
L) shell was investigated on a traumatic ulcer with the diabetic rat.
Materials and Methods
DLS was analyzed the component by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Diabetic condition was induced by alloxan in 55 male Wistar rats. Ten mm of traumatic ulcer was made along the labial fornix incisive inferior after the diabetic condition was confirmed. Then DLS coconut shell, benzydamine hydrochloride, and sterile distilled water were applied topically for 3, 5, and 7 days. The potential healing was evaluated based on the expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on macrophages using immunohistochemical staining and the amount of collagen using Masson Trichome staining. The difference between each group was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference test is used to determine the significant difference (
p
< 0.05).
Results
The major compounds found were phenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (3.5%) with 28 other minor constituents. The lowest NFκB and TNF-α expression on macrophage was observed by topical application of DLS derived from coconut shell for 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The amount of collagen was increased and indicated by the highest result of DLS compared to others.
Conclusion
The DLS derived from coconut (
Cocos nucifera
L) shell was able to improve traumatic ulcer healing in a person with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ira Arundina
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Pudji Rahayu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dieni Mansur
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK-Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
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9
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Chariyakornkul A, Punvittayagul C, Taya S, Wongpoomchai R. Inhibitory effect of purple rice husk extract on AFB 1-induced micronucleus formation in rat liver through modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 31481128 PMCID: PMC6724366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice husk, a waste material produced during milling, contains numerous phytochemicals that may be sources of cancer chemopreventive agents. Various biological activities of white and colored rice husk have been reported. However, there are few comparative studies of the cancer chemopreventive effects of white and colored rice husk. Methods This study investigated the cancer chemopreventive activities of two different colors of rice husk using in vitro and in vivo models. A bacterial mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was performed; enzyme induction activity in murine hepatoma cells was measured, and a liver micronucleus test was performed in male Wistar rats. Results The white rice husk (WRHE) and purple rice husk (PRHE) extracts were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or TA100 in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. However, the extracts exhibited antimutagenicity against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and 2-amino-3,4 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolone (MeIQ) in a Salmonella mutation assay. The extracts also induced anticarcinogenic enzyme activity in a murine Hepa1c1c7 hepatoma cell line. Interestingly, PRHE but not WRHE exhibited antigenotoxicity in the rat liver micronucleus test. PRHE significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in AFB1-initiated rats. PRHE contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds and vitamin E than WRHE in both tocopherols and tocotrienols as well as polyphenol such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Furthermore, PRHE increased CYP1A1 and 1A2 activities while decreasing CYP3A2 activity in the livers of AFB1-treated rats. PRHE also enhanced various detoxifying enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase. Conclusions PRHE showed potent cancer chemopreventive activity in a rat liver micronucleus assay through modulation of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism. Vitamin E and phenolic compounds may be candidate antimutagens in purple rice husk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2647-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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10
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Quan NV, Xuan TD, Tran HD, Ahmad A, Khanh TD, Dat TD. Contribution of momilactones A and B to diabetes inhibitory potential of rice bran: Evidence from in vitro assays. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:643-649. [PMID: 31297018 PMCID: PMC6598221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to detect the presence of the two compounds momilactone A (MA) and momilactone B (MB) in rice bran using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exhibited potent inhibitory activities on pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase which were significantly higher than γ-oryzanol, a well-known diabetes inhibitor. Remarkably, MA and MB indicated an effective inhibition on trypsin with the IC50 values of 921.55 and 884.03 µg/mL, respectively. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), quantities of MA (6.65 µg/g dry weight) and MB (6.24 µg/g dry weight) in rice bran were determined. Findings of this study revealed the α-amylase, α-glucosidase and trypsin inhibitors MA and MB contributed an active role to the diabetes inhibitory potential of rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street,Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226016, India
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Viet Nam
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Dang Dat
- Khai Xuan International Co. Ltd., Ha Dong District, Duong Noi Ward, LK20A-20B, Khai Xuan Building, Hanoi 152611, Viet Nam
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11
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Kim GH, Ju JY, Chung KS, Cheon SY, Gil TY, Cominguez DC, Cha YY, Lee JH, Roh SS, An HJ. Rice Hull Extract (RHE) Suppresses Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051162. [PMID: 31137609 PMCID: PMC6566172 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of major health challenges in the industrial world. Although rice hull has been reported to show various bioactivities, no studies have evaluated its anti-obesity effect. We hope to demonstrate the anti-obesity effect of rice hull extract (RHE) and the underlying mechanism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Serum lipid profiles were determined by enzymatic methods. Histological analysis of liver and epididymis fat tissues was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The mRNA expression of adipogenic markers was analyzed with qRT-PCR and western blotting. Oral administration of RHE reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-fed mice. RHE also reduced lipid accumulation by inhibiting the mRNA expression of adipogenic-related genes in HFD-fed obese mice and differentiated preadipocytes. The downregulation of adipogenesis by RHE was mediated through the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, RHE induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in liver and epididymis adipose tissues of HFD-fed obese mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that RHE could inhibit the differentiation of adipose cell and prevent HFD-induced obesity, suggesting its potential in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome and related-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Jae-Yun Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Se-Yun Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Divina C Cominguez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 03084, Korea.
- Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 220702, Korea.
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12
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Quan NV, Tran HD, Xuan TD, Ahmad A, Dat TD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030482. [PMID: 30700006 PMCID: PMC6385104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exerted potent inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The inhibitory effect of MB on these two key enzymes was greater than that of MA. Both MA and MB exerted greater α-glucosidase suppression as compared to that of the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Quantities of MA and MB in rice grain were 2.07 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/dry weight (DW), respectively. This study was the first to confirm the presence of MA and MB in refined rice grain and reported the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the two compounds. The improved protocol of LC-ESI-MS in this research was simple and effective to detect and isolate MA and MB in rice organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Lucknow 226016, India.
| | - Tran Dang Dat
- Khai Xuan International Co., Ltd., 22, 9/53/8 Quan Hoa, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam.
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany.
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Kim SP, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. The composition of a bioprocessed shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelia and rice bran formulation and its antimicrobial effects against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344 in macrophage cells and in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:322. [PMID: 30518352 PMCID: PMC6282263 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Human infection by pathogenic Salmonella bacteria can be acquired by consuming of undercooked meat products and eggs. Antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics used in medicine is also a major concern. To help overcome these harmful effects on microbial food safety and human health, we are developing novel antimicrobial food-compatible formulations, one of which is described in the present study. Methods The composition of a bioprocessed (fermented) rice bran extract (BPRBE) from Lentinus edodes liquid mycelia culture was evaluated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the mechanism of its antibacterial effect against Salmonella Typhimurium, strain SL1344 was investigated in macrophage cells and in mice. Results BPRBE stimulated uptake of the bacteria into RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Activation of the cells was confirmed by increases in NO production resulting from the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and in protein expression. Salmonella infection down-regulated the expression of the following protein biomarkers of autophagy (a catabolic process for stress adaptation of cellular components): Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg12, Atg16, LC3-I and LC3-II. BPRBE promoted the upregulation of protein expressions that induced bacterial destruction in autolysosomes of RAW 264.7 cells. ELISA analysis of interferon IFN-β showed that inflammatory cytokine secretion and bactericidal activity had similar profiles, suggesting that BPRBE enhances cell-autonomous and systemic bactericidal activities via autophagic capture of Salmonella. The treatment also elicited increased excretion of bacteria in feces and their decreased translocation to internal organs (cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver). Conclusions The antibiotic mechanism of BPRBE involves the phagocytosis of extracellular bacteria, autophagic capture of intracellular bacteria, and prevention of translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelial cells. The new bioprocessing combination of mushroom mycelia and rice brans forms a potentially novel food formulation with in vivo antimicrobial properties that could serve as a functional antimicrobial food and medical antibiotic.
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Kim SP, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. Mechanism of Antibacterial Activities of a Rice Hull Smoke Extract (RHSE) Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium In Vitro and in Mice. J Food Sci 2017; 83:440-445. [PMID: 29266224 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested antibacterial activity of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium and examined its mode of suppressive action in vitro and in mice. In vitro studies showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of RHSE was 1.29% (v/v). The inactivation was confirmed by complete loss of cell viability in the range of 104 to 107 colony forming units of the resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strain. Agarose and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses were used to evaluate the integrities of bacterial genomic DNA and total cellular protein profiles. The antibacterial action of RHSE results from a leakage of intracellular macromolecules following rupture of bacterial cells. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells shows that RHSE also induced deleterious morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane of the pathogens. In vivo antibacterial activity of RHSE at a 1 × MIC concentration was examined in a bacterial gastroenteritis model using Balb/c mice orally infected with the Salmonella Typhimurium. The results show greatly decreased excretion of the bacteria into the feces and suppressed translocation of the bacteria to internal organs (cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver) compared with the infected mice not subjected to the RHSE treatment. Collectively, the present findings indicate that the mechanism of the antibacterial activities both in vitro and in the gastroenteritis environment of the animal model is the result of the direct disruption of cell structure, leading to cell death. RHSE has the potential to serve as a multifunctional food additive that might protect consumers against infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The rice hull derived liquid smoke has the potential to complement widely used wood-derived smoke as an antimicrobial flavor and health-promoting formulation for application in foods and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- STR Biotech Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea.,Research Inst. of Basic Sciences, Ajou Univ., Suwon 164499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jong Lee
- STR Biotech Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Dept. of Biological Science, Ajou Univ., Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mendel Friedman
- U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A
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16
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Lai WT, Khong NM, Lim SS, Hee YY, Sim BI, Lau KY, Lai OM. A review: Modified agricultural by-products for the development and fortification of food products and nutraceuticals. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Friedman M. Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans. Foods 2016; 5:E80. [PMID: 28231175 PMCID: PMC5302426 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 2000 species of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms have been identified to date, many of which are widely consumed, stimulating much research on their health-promoting properties. These properties are associated with bioactive compounds produced by the mushrooms, including polysaccharides. Although β-glucans (homopolysaccharides) are believed to be the major bioactive polysaccharides of mushrooms, other types of mushroom polysaccharides (heteropolysaccharides) also possess biological properties. Here we survey the chemistry of such health-promoting polysaccharides and their reported antiobesity and antidiabetic properties as well as selected anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects that demonstrate their multiple health-promoting potential. The associated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities in fat cells, rodents, and humans are also discussed. The mechanisms of action involve the gut microbiota, meaning the polysaccharides act as prebiotics in the digestive system. Also covered here are the nutritional, functional food, clinical, and epidemiological studies designed to assess the health-promoting properties of polysaccharides, individually and as blended mixtures, against obesity, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases, and suggestions for further research. The collated information and suggested research needs might guide further studies needed for a better understanding of the health-promoting properties of mushroom polysaccharides and enhance their use to help prevent and treat human chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang M, Zhang J. Quercetin Isolated from Toona sinensis Leaves Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Protects Hepatocytes in High-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet and Alloxan Induced Experimental Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8492780. [PMID: 27975068 PMCID: PMC5126429 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8492780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of diabetes mellitus is related to oxidant stress induced by a high carbohydrate/high-fat diet (HFD). Quercetin, as a major bioactive component in Toona sinensis leaves (QTL), is a natural antioxidant. However, the exact mechanism by which QTL ameliorate diabetes mellitus is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effects and hepatocytes protection of QTL on HFD and alloxan induced diabetic mice. Intragastric administration of QTL significantly reduced body weight gain, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels compared to those of diabetic mice. Furthermore, it significantly attenuated oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide content, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and as a result attenuated liver injury. QTL also significantly suppressed the diabetes-induced activation of the p65/NF-κB and ERK1/2/MAPK pathways, as well as caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels in liver tissues of diabetic mice. Finally, micrograph analysis of liver samples showed decreased cellular organelle injury in hepatocytes of QTL treated mice. Taken together, QTL can be viewed as a promising dietary agent that can be used to reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- *Jingfang Zhang:
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Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Mechanism of the antiadipogenic-antiobesity effects of a rice hull smoke extract in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells and in mice on a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2015; 6:2939-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photomicrographs and dose-dependent lipid reduction in adipocyte cells induced by the rice hull extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Science
- Ajou University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center
- Agricultural Research Service
- U.S Department of Agriculture
- Albany
- USA
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Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Rice hull smoke extract protects mice against a Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7753-7759. [PMID: 25068861 DOI: 10.1021/jf501533s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia (sepsis, septic shock) is an inflammatory, virulent disease that results mainly from infection by Gram-negative bacteria. The present study investigates the inhibitory effects of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against murine endotoxemia induced by Salmonella lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/GalN). Pretreatment of the mice with RHSE via dietary administration for 2 weeks resulted in the suppression (in %) of LPS/GalN-induced catalase by 70.7, superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 54.6, and transaminase (GOT/GPT) liver enzymes by 40.6/62.5, the amelioration of necrotic liver lesions, and the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 61.1 and nitrite serum level by 83.4, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme associated with necrotic injury of the lung and kidney by 65.7 and 63.3, respectively. The RHSE also extended the lifespan of the toxemic mice. The results using inflammation biomarkers and from the lifespan studies suggest that the RHSE can protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced liver, lung, and kidney injuries and inflammation by blocking oxidative stress and TNF-α production, thereby increasing the survival of the toxic-shock-induced mice. These beneficial effects and previous studies on the antimicrobial effects against Salmonella Typhimurium in culture and in mice suggest that the smoke extract also has the potential to serve as a new multifunctional resource in human food and animal feeds. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects at the cellular and molecular levels and suggested food uses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10626-10641. [PMID: 24175575 DOI: 10.1021/jf403635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Guo F, Zhang Y, Su L, Ahmed AA, Ni Y, Zhao R. Breed-dependent transcriptional regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, cystolic form, expression in the liver of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2737-44. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Vishnuprasad CN, Pradeep NS, Cho YW, Gangadharan GG, Han SS. Fumigation in Ayurveda: potential strategy for drug discovery and drug delivery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:409-15. [PMID: 23906781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayurveda has its unique perceptions and resultant methodologies for defining and treating human diseases. Fumigation therapy is one of the several treatment methods described in Ayurveda whereby fumes produced from defined drug formulations are inhaled by patients. This therapeutic procedure offers promising research opportunities from phytochemical and ethnopharmacological viewpoints, however, it remains under-noticed. Considering these facts, this review is primarily aimed at introducing said Ayurvedic fumigation therapy and discussing its scientific gaps and future challenges. METHODOLOGY A search of multiple bibliographical databases and traditional Ayurvedic text books was conducted and the articles analyzed under various key themes, e.g., Ayurvedic fumigation, fumigation therapy, medicinal fumigation, inhalation of drugs and aerosol therapy. RESULT Ayurveda recommends fumigation as a method of sterilization and therapeutic procedure for various human diseases including microbial infections and psychological disorders. However, it has not gained much attention as a prospective field with multiple research opportunities. CONCLUSION It is necessary to have a more detailed and systematic investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of Ayurvedic fumigation therapy in order to facilitate the identification of novel bioactive compounds and more effective drug administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethala N Vishnuprasad
- Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, South Korea
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Aksu I, Baykara B, Kiray M, Gurpinar T, Sisman AR, Ekerbicer N, Tas A, Gokdemir-Yazar O, Uysal N. Serum IGF-1 levels correlate negatively to liver damage in diabetic rats. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:194-201. [PMID: 23331186 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.758311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and insulin resistance frequently cause liver damage. Diabetes also causes reduction in liver and blood IGF-1 levels. We investigated the relation between liver damage and IGF-1 levels in diabetic rats. Fourteen Wistar albino rats were divided into control and diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Rats were sacrificed for biochemical and histologic examinations 2 weeks after streptozotocin injection. Serum and liver IGF-1 levels were decreased, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes activities were decreased and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were increased in diabetic group. Microscopic examination of liver revealed that normal tissue organization was disrupted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. There was a strongly positive correlation between blood glucose levels and liver injury, and blood and liver IGF-1 levels. There was a strongly negative correlation between blood IGF-1 levels and hepatic injury. Our results suggest that reduction of blood IGF-1 levels correlates with hepatic injury and circulating IGF-1 levels may have predictive value for determining hepatic damage that results from diabetes. In addition, circulating IGF-1 levels are correlated with glutathione levels and the oxidative stress status of diabetic rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Aksu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Medical Faculty, Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
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Choi SP, Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Antitumor effects of dietary black and brown rice brans in tumor-bearing mice: Relationship to composition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:390-400. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Phil Choi
- Department of Biological Science; Ajou University; Suwon; Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Phil Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon; Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Science; Ajou University; Suwon; Republic of Korea
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Albany; CA; USA
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Yang JY, Moon E, Nam SH, Friedman M. Antidiabetic effects of rice hull smoke extract on glucose-regulating mechanism in type 2 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7442-7449. [PMID: 22803686 DOI: 10.1021/jf3017749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the protective effect of a liquid rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice induced by a high-fat diet. As compared to the control group of mice on a high-fat diet (HFD), feeding the HFD supplemented with 0.5% or 1% RHSE for 7 weeks resulted in significantly reduced blood glucose and triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, higher serum insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance, as assessed by an oral glucose tolerance assay. The hypoglycemic effect of RHSE was accompanied by changes in enzyme activities and cognate gene expression assessed using RT-PCR. Among the glucose metabolism regulating genes evaluated, hepatic glucokinase (GCK), the glucose transporters GLUT2 and GLUT4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were up-regulated, whereas glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were down-regulated in the liver of mice with RHSE-supplementation. These changes resulted in restoration of glucose-regulating activities to normal control levels. Histopathology showed that a high-fat diet intake also induced liver necrosis and damage of the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas, whereas RHSE supplementation restored necrotic damage to normal levels. Immunohistochemistry showed that RHSE supplementation can restore the reduced insulin-producing β-cell population in islet of Langerhans associated with a high-fat diet intake to nondiabetic normal control levels in a dose-dependent manner. RHSE-supplemented food could protect insulin-producing islet cells against damage triggered by oxidative stress and local inflammation associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University , Suwon, 443-749, Republic of Korea
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