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Wang M, Zhang F, Zhou J, Gong K, Chen S, Zhu X, Zhang M, Duan Y, Liao C, Han J, Yin Z. Glabridin Ameliorates Alcohol-Caused Liver Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via p38 MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2157. [PMID: 37432306 PMCID: PMC10180694 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a traditional and versatile herbal medicine and food. Glabridin (Gla) is a kind of isoflavone extracted from the licorice root, which has anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, and antioxidative effects. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a widespread liver disease induced by chronic alcohol consumption. However, studies demonstrating the effect of Gla on ALD are rare. The research explored the positive effect of Gla in C57BL/6J mice fed by the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol mice diet and HepG2 cells treated with ethanol. Gla alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury, including reducing liver vacuolation and lipid accumulation. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased in the Gla-treated mice. The reactive oxygen species and apoptosis levels were attenuated and antioxidant enzyme activity levels were restored in ethanol-induced mice by Gla treatment. In vitro, Gla reduced ethanol-induced cytotoxicity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, and enhanced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Anisomycin (an agonist of p38 MAPK) eliminated the positive role of Gla on ethanol-caused oxidative stress and inflammation. On the whole, Gla can alleviate alcoholic liver damage via the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and may be used as a novel health product or drug to potentially alleviate ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ke Gong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinran Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zequn Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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2
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Sulaiman D, Choi LS, Lee HM, Shin J, Kim DH, Lee KW, Eftekhari P, Quartier A, Park HS, Reddy ST. Vutiglabridin Modulates Paraoxonase 1 and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:687. [PMID: 37189434 PMCID: PMC10135725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vutiglabridin is a clinical-stage synthetic small molecule that is being developed for the treatment of obesity and its target proteins have not been fully identified. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated plasma enzyme that hydrolyzes diverse substrates including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, PON1 harbors anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities and has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target for treating various metabolic diseases. In this study, we performed a non-biased target deconvolution of vutiglabridin using Nematic Protein Organisation Technique (NPOT) and identified PON1 as an interacting protein. We examined this interaction in detail and demonstrate that vutiglabridin binds to PON1 with high affinity and protects PON1 against oxidative damage. Vutiglabridin treatment significantly increased plasma PON1 levels and enzyme activity but not PON1 mRNA in wild-type C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that vutiglabridin modulates PON1 post-transcriptionally. We further investigated the effects of vutiglabridin in obese and hyperlipidemic LDLR-/- mice and found that it significantly increases plasma PON1 levels, while decreasing body weight, total fat mass, and plasma cholesterol levels. Overall, our results demonstrate that PON1 is a direct, interacting target of vutiglabridin, and that the modulation of PON1 by vutiglabridin may provide benefits for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoud Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CA Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Hyeong Min Lee
- Glaceum Incorporation, Suwon 16675, Republic of Korea (J.S.)
| | - Jaejin Shin
- Glaceum Incorporation, Suwon 16675, Republic of Korea (J.S.)
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyung Soon Park
- Glaceum Incorporation, Suwon 16675, Republic of Korea (J.S.)
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CA Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Zhang L, Jiang HQ, Wu F, Wen P, Qing J, Song XM, Li HL. Eastern honeybee Apis cerana sense cold flowering plants by increasing the static binding affinity of odorant-binding protein to cold floral volatiles from loquats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123227. [PMID: 36646342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Eastern honeybee Apis cerana has important ecological value for the cold flowering loquat flower pollination in early winter in East Asia. However, the low-temperature adaptive pollination mechanism has not yet been revealed. One odorant-binding protein, OBP2, had been found that could bind to some plant volatiles with strong affinity before. In this study, by using competitive fluorescence binding assay, we first measured the ligand-binding profiles of recombinant OBP2 protein with nine representative aroma chemical substances from loquat flowers. Thermodynamic results showed that three loquat volatiles, 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, (E)-Ethyl cinnamate, and Methyl cinnamate, have the strongest binding affinity with OBP2 with the static process. And interestingly their binding affinity significantly increased at low temperature (285 K/12 °C) compared to high temperature (298 K/25 °C). In addition, site-directed mutagenesis results showed that Met55 and Lys51 may be the key amino acid sites in the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of OBP2 interacting with Methyl cinnamate, respectively. This study suggests that OBP2 is functionally similar and universal in binding to different flower volatiles at low temperatures. Our studies interpreted a novel olfactory mechanism of A. cerana sensing loquat floral volatiles in cold early winter, and enrich a theoretical molecular basis for the temperature-adaptive ecological mechanism of insects' pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hu-Qiang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jing Qing
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin-Mi Song
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Kunachowicz D, Ściskalska M, Kepinska M. Modulatory Effect of Lifestyle-Related, Environmental and Genetic Factors on Paraoxonase-1 Activity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2813. [PMID: 36833509 PMCID: PMC9957543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent, HDL-bound serum hydrolase active toward a wide variety of substrates. PON1 displays three types of activities, among which lactonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase and phosphotriesterase can be distinguished. Not only is this enzyme a major organophosphate compound detoxifier, but it is also an important constituent of the cellular antioxidant system and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic functions. The concentration and activity of PON1 is highly variable among individuals, and these differences can be both of genetic origin and be a subject of epigenetic regulation. Owing to the fact that, in recent decades, the exposure of humans to an increasing number of different xenobiotics has been continuously rising, the issues concerning the role and activity of PON1 shall be reconsidered with particular attention to growing pharmaceuticals intake, dietary habits and environmental awareness. In the following manuscript, the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of certain modifiable and unmodifiable factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, gender, age and genotype variation on PON1 activity, along with pathways through which these could interfere with the enzyme's protective functions, is presented and discussed. Since exposure to certain xenobiotics plays a key role in PON1 activity, the influence of organophosphates, heavy metals and several pharmaceutical agents is also specified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50–556 Wrocław, Poland
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Zhang J, Wu X, Zhong B, Liao Q, Wang X, Xie Y, He X. Review on the Diverse Biological Effects of Glabridin. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:15-37. [PMID: 36647530 PMCID: PMC9840373 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glabridin is a prenylated isoflavan from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne and has posed great impact on the areas of drug development and medicine, due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-microorganism, bone protection, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes. Many signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, ERα/SRC-1, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK, have been implicated in the regulatory activities of glabridin. Interestingly, glabridin has been considered as an inhibitor of tyrosinase, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and CYP2E1 and an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), although their molecular regulating mechanisms still need further investigation. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability have greatly limited the clinical applications of glabridin. Hopefully, several effective strategies, such as nanoemulsions, microneedles, and smartPearls formulation, have been developed for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China,Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuankang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiao He, Email
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Nawalage S, Wathudura P, Wang A, Wamsley M, Zou S, Zhang D. Effects of Cascading Optical Processes: Part I: Impacts on Quantification of Sample Scattering Extinction, Intensity, and Depolarization. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1899-1907. [PMID: 36598877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering is a universal matter property that is especially prominent in nanoscale or larger materials. However, the effects of scattering-based cascading optical processes on experimental quantification of sample absorption, scattering, and emission intensities, as well as scattering and emission depolarization, have not been adequately addressed. Using a series of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) of different sizes as model analytes, we present a computational and experimental study on the effects of cascading light scattering on experimental quantification of NP scattering activities (scattering cross-section or molar coefficient), intensity, and depolarization. Part II and Part III of this series of companion articles explore the effects of cascading optical processes on sample absorption and fluorescence measurements, respectively. A general theoretical model is developed on how forward scattered light complicates the general applicability of Beer's law to the experimental UV-vis spectrum of scattering samples. The correlation between the scattering intensity and PSNP concentration is highly complicated with no robust linearity even when the scatterers' concentration is very low. Such complexity arises from the combination of concentration-dependence of light scattering depolarization and the scattering inner filter effects (IFEs). Scattering depolarization increases with the PSNP scattering extinction (thereby, its concentration) but can never reach unity (isotropic) due to the polarization dependence of the scattering IFE. The insights from this study are important for understanding the strengths and limitations of various scattering-based techniques for material characterization including nanoparticle quantification. They are also foundational for quantitative mechanistic understanding on the effects of light scattering on sample absorption and fluorescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhi Nawalage
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Pathum Wathudura
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Ankai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Max Wamsley
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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7
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S-Nitrosylation of Paraxonase 1 (PON1) Elevates Its Hydrolytic and Antioxidant Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030414. [PMID: 35327606 PMCID: PMC8946601 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent binding between nitric oxide (NO) and a protein’s free thiol group (SH) is termed protein S-nitrosylation. Protein S-nitrosylation is involved in cellular regulation mechanisms that underlie a wide range of critical functions, such as apoptosis, alteration of enzyme activities, and transcription-factor stability. Impaired protein S-nitrosylation is associated with a growing list of pathophysiological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and sickle cell disease. The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) binds to high-density lipoprotein to provide many of its antiatherogenic properties. The enzyme has a strong antioxidant capacity, which protects fats, lipids, and lipoproteins from oxidation, in addition to breaking down oxidized fats. We investigated the effect of S-S transnitrosylation on PON1 activities. Incubation of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) with nitrosylated human serum albumin (HSA-NO) resulted in S-nitrosylation of about 70% of the rePON1, as measured by Q-TOF LC/MS. S-nitrosylation significantly increased rePON1 hydrolytic activities. It also increased rePON1’s ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by Cu2+. Finally, it increased the enzyme’s penetration into macrophage cells by 31%. Our findings suggest that S-nitrosylation of rePON1 improves its biological functions which may positively affect atherosclerosis disease progression.
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8
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Meerson A, Khatib S, Mahajna J. Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Augmenting Cancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313044. [PMID: 34884848 PMCID: PMC8657727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in several types of solid tumors. In some cases, CSC may be the source of all the tumor cells, the cause of the tumor's resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and the source of metastatic cells. Thus, a combination therapy targeting non-CSC tumor cells as well as specifically targeting CSCs holds the potential to be highly effective. Natural products (NPs) have been a historically rich source of biologically active compounds and are known for their ability to influence multiple signaling pathways simultaneously with negligible side effects. In this review, we discuss the potential of NPs in targeting multiple signaling pathways in CSC and their potential to augment the efficacy of standard cancer therapy. Specifically, we focus on the anti-CSC activities of flavonoids, FDA-approved drugs originating from natural sources. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of NPs in targeting microRNA-mediated signaling, given the roles of microRNA in the maintenance of the CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Meerson
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Natural Products and Nutrition, MIGAL—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 12208, Israel
- Correspondence:
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9
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Interaction between β-lactoglobulin and chlorogenic acid and its effect on antioxidant activity and thermal stability. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Joyner PM. Protein Adducts and Protein Oxidation as Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoid Bioactivity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165102. [PMID: 34443698 PMCID: PMC8401221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are tens of thousands of scientific papers about flavonoids and their impacts on human health. However, despite the vast amount of energy that has been put toward studying these compounds, a unified molecular mechanism that explains their bioactivity remains elusive. One contributing factor to the absence of a general mechanistic explanation of their bioactivity is the complexity of flavonoid chemistry in aqueous solutions at neutral pH. Flavonoids have acidic protons, are redox active, and frequently auto-oxidize to produce an array of degradation products including electrophilic quinones. Flavonoids are also known to interact with specificity and high affinity with a variety of proteins, and there is evidence that some of these interactions may be covalent. This review summarizes the mechanisms of flavonoid oxidation in aqueous solutions at neutral pH and proposes the formation of protein-flavonoid adducts or flavonoid-induced protein oxidation as putative mechanisms of flavonoid bioactivity in cells. Nucleophilic residues in proteins may be able to form covalent bonds with flavonoid quinones; alternatively, specific amino acid residues such as cysteine, methionine, or tyrosine in proteins could be oxidized by flavonoids. In either case, these protein-flavonoid interactions would likely occur at specific binding sites and the formation of these types of products could effectively explain how flavonoids modify proteins in cells to induce downstream biochemical and cellular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matthew Joyner
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA 90263, USA
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11
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Flavonoids-Macromolecules Interactions in Human Diseases with Focus on Alzheimer, Atherosclerosis and Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030423. [PMID: 33802084 PMCID: PMC7999194 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, consumed daily in our diet, are associated with a reduced risk for oxidative stress (OS)-related chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and inflammation. The involvement of flavonoids with OS-related chronic diseases have been traditionally attributed to their antioxidant activity. However, evidence from recent studies indicate that flavonoids' beneficial impact may be assigned to their interaction with cellular macromolecules, rather than exerting a direct antioxidant effect. This review provides an overview of the recent evolving research on interactions between the flavonoids and lipoproteins, proteins, chromatin, DNA, and cell-signaling molecules that are involved in the OS-related chronic diseases; it focuses on the mechanisms by which flavonoids attenuate the development of the aforementioned chronic diseases via direct and indirect effects on gene expression and cellular functions. The current review summarizes data from the literature and from our recent research and then compares specific flavonoids' interactions with their targets, focusing on flavonoid structure-activity relationships. In addition, the various methods of evaluating flavonoid-protein and flavonoid-DNA interactions are presented. Our aim is to shed light on flavonoids action in the body, beyond their well-established, direct antioxidant activity, and to provide insights into the mechanisms by which these small molecules, consumed daily, influence cellular functions.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Wang J, Xie B, Sun Z. Anion carboxymethylated β-glucan alleviates undesirable binding between procyanidins and β-galactosidase. Food Chem 2020; 344:128686. [PMID: 33246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To solve the potential problem of hindered β-galactosidase activity by procyanidins, carboxymethylated Pachyman (CMP), a negatively-charged carboxymethylated (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan, was applied to mitigate inhibition by procyanidins. The mechanisms underlying this effect were explored through enzyme kinetic analysis, fluorescence quenching assays, circular dichroism, and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that the introduction of CMP could decrease the inhibition rate of high-concentration lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) from 98.7 to 46.5%, and enabled low-concentration LSOPC to activate β-galactosidase in vitro and in vivo. The competitive/noncompetitive inhibition constants, fluorescence quenching constants, and molecular docking results indicated that the mechanism of this effect might be CMP competing with β-galactosidase to bind procyanidins, resulting in restoration of the catalytic centre and key active site of procyanidin-bound lactase. Additionally, it was affected by procyanidin-CMP noncovalent interactions. This study illustrates a promising strategy for mitigating the anti-nutritional properties of procyanidins and activating β-galactosidase to promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Choi LS, Jo IG, Kang KS, Im JH, Kim J, Kim J, Chung JW, Yoo SK. Discovery and preclinical efficacy of HSG4112, a synthetic structural analog of glabridin, for the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:130-142. [PMID: 32943760 PMCID: PMC7752758 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background HSG4112 is a clinical-stage drug candidate for the treatment of obesity. Here, we report its discovery and preclinical efficacy. Methods In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male C57BL/6J mice, we tested the weight loss effect of synthetic compounds derived from a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of glabridin, a natural compound known to reduce body weight and influence energy homeostasis. After selecting HSG4112 as our optimized compound from this discovery method, we characterized its pharmacological effects on parameters related to obesity through in vivo metabolic and biochemical measurements, histology and gene expression analysis, and indirect calorimetry. Results Through the SAR study, we identified four novel components of glabridin pertinent for its anti-obesity activity, and found that HSG4112, an optimized structural analog of glabridin, markedly supersedes glabridin in weight reduction efficacy and chemical stability. Six-week administration of HSG4112 to HFD-induced obese mice led to dose-dependent normalization of obesity-related parameters, including body weight, muscle and adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and serum leptin/insulin/glucose levels. The weight reduction induced by HSG4112 was partially mediated by decreased food intake and mainly mediated by increased energy expenditure, with no change in physical activity. Accordingly, the pattern of transcriptional changes was aligned with increased energy expenditure in the liver and muscles. Following significant body weight reduction, robust amelioration of histopathology and blood markers of fatty liver were also observed. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the key chemical components of glabridin pertinent to its weight loss effects and suggests HSG4112 as a promising novel drug candidate for the pharmacological treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sang-Ku Yoo
- Glaceum Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Erum Biotechnologies Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Sierra-Campos E, Valdez-Solana M, Avitia-Domínguez C, Campos-Almazán M, Flores-Molina I, García-Arenas G, Téllez-Valencia A. Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Diabetes-Induced Alterations in Paraoxonase 1 and Catalase in Rats Analyzed through Progress Kinetic and Blind Docking. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090840. [PMID: 32911700 PMCID: PMC7555439 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on rat paraoxonase 1 (rPON1) and catalase (rCAT) activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Our study included three groups; group C (control, n = 5); group D (diabetic, n = 5); and group DM (M. oleifera extract-supplemented diabetic rats, n = 5). Daily oral administration of M. oleifera extract at 200 mg/kg doses produced an increase in endogenous antioxidants. Serum rPON1 (lactonase) and liver cytosol catalase activities were determined by a spectrophotometric assay using progress curve analysis. We found a decrease in the Vm value of rPON1 in diabetic rats, but dihydrocoumarin (DHC) affinity (Km) was slightly increased. The value of Vm for the DM group was found to be reduced approximately by a factor of 3 compared with those obtained for group C, whereas Km was largely changed (96 times). Catalase activity was significantly higher in the DM group. These data suggest that the activation of rPON1 and rCAT activities by M. oleifera extracts may be mediated via the effect of the specific flavonoids on the enzyme structure. In addition, through molecular blind docking analysis, rPON1 was found to have two binding sites for flavonoids. In contrast, flavonoids bound at four sites in rCAT. In conclusion, the data suggest that compounds from M. oleifera leaves extract were able to influence the catalytic activities of both enzymes to compensate for the changes provoked by diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Sierra-Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico; (M.V.-S.); (I.F.-M.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.-C.); (A.T.-V.)
| | - Mónica Valdez-Solana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico; (M.V.-S.); (I.F.-M.)
| | - Claudia Avitia-Domínguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (C.A.-D.); (M.C.-A.)
| | - Mara Campos-Almazán
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (C.A.-D.); (M.C.-A.)
| | - Ismael Flores-Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus Gómez Palacio, Avenida Artículo 123 S/N, Fracc, Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico; (M.V.-S.); (I.F.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe García-Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango Campus, Gómez Palacio 35010, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad y Fanny Anitúa S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (C.A.-D.); (M.C.-A.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.-C.); (A.T.-V.)
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17
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Flavonoids Restore Platinum Drug Sensitivity to Ovarian Carcinoma Cells in a Phospho-ERK1/2-Dependent Fashion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186533. [PMID: 32906729 PMCID: PMC7555577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common type of gynecological malignancy; it has poor survival rates and is frequently (>75%) diagnosed at an advanced stage. Platinum-based chemotherapy, with, e.g., carboplatin, is the standard of care for OC, but toxicity and acquired resistance to therapy have proven challenging. Despite advances in OC diagnosis and treatment, approximately 85% of patients will experience relapse, mainly due to chemoresistance. The latter is attributed to alterations in the cancer cells and is also mediated by tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, we reported the synthesis of a platinum (IV) prodrug that exhibits equal potency toward platinum-sensitive and resistant OC cell lines. Here, we investigated the effect of TME on platinum sensitivity. Co-culture of OC cells with murine or human mesenchymal stem cells (MS-5 and HS-5, respectively) rendered them resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum, paclitaxel and colchicine. Platinum resistance was also conferred by co-culture with differentiated murine adipocyte progenitor cells. Exposure of OC cells to chemotherapeutic agents resulted in activation of phospho-ERK1/2. Co-culture with MS-5, which conferred drug resistance, was accompanied by blockage of phospho-ERK1/2 activation. The flavonoids fisetin and quercetin were active in restoring ERK phosphorylation, as well as sensitivity to platinum compounds. Exposure of OC cells to cobimetinib-a MEK1 inhibitor that also inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation-which resulted in reduced sensitivity to the platinum compound. This suggests that ERK activity is involved in mediating the function of flavonoids in restoring platinum sensitivity to OC co-cultured with cellular components of the TME. Our data show the potential of combining flavonoids with standard therapy to restore drug sensitivity to OC cells and overcome TME-mediated platinum drug resistance.
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18
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Qie X, Chen Y, Quan W, Wang Z, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Analysis of β-lactoglobulin–epigallocatechin gallate interactions: the antioxidant capacity and effects of polyphenols under different heating conditions in polyphenolic–protein interactions. Food Funct 2020; 11:3867-3878. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A β-Lg-EGCG covalent conjugate is formed by linking the amino group of a lysine residue and EGCG; the antioxidant capacity of EGCG induced by β-Lg–EGCG covalent conjugates causes a significant decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
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19
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Aboufarrag HT, Needs PW, Rimbach G, Kroon PA. The Effects of Anthocyanins and Their Microbial Metabolites on the Expression and Enzyme Activities of Paraoxonase 1, an Important Marker of HDL Function. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122872. [PMID: 31771252 PMCID: PMC6950676 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High circulating HDL concentrations and measures of various HDL functions are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) contributes to many of the athero-protective functions of HDL, such as promoting the reverse cholesterol transport process and reducing the levels of oxidized LDL. PON1 activities are influenced by several factors, the most important being diet and genetic polymorphisms. Reported data from randomized controlled trials have shown that anthocyanin consumption increased PON1 activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which anthocyanins increase PON1 activity are not understood. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the ability of anthocyanins and their metabolites to increase PON1 gene expression and/or enzyme activities as potential mechanisms. The effect of the two predominant dietary anthocyanins and 18 of their recently identified microbial metabolites including their phase-II conjugates on PON1 gene expression was studied using a PON1-Huh7 stably-transfected cell line and reporter gene assay. The effects of these compounds on PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities were investigated using two isoforms of the PON1 enzyme that are the phenotypes of the 192Q/R polymorphism. None of the compounds caused even modest changes in PON1 promoter activity (p ≥ 0.05). Further, none of the compounds at physiological concentrations caused any significant changes in the arylesterase or lactonase activity of either of the iso-enzymes. Cyanidin reduced the lactonase activity of the PON1-R192R enzyme at high concentrations (−22%, p < 0.001), but not at physiologically achievable concentrations. In conclusion, none of the data reported here support the notion that anthocyanins or their metabolites affect PON1 transactivation or enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan T. Aboufarrag
- Food Innovation & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK; (H.T.A.); (P.W.N.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 23511, Egypt
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Food Innovation & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK; (H.T.A.); (P.W.N.)
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Food Innovation & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK; (H.T.A.); (P.W.N.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Atrahimovich D, Samson AO, Barsheshet Y, Vaya J, Khatib S, Reuveni E. Genome-wide localization of the polyphenol quercetin in human monocytes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:606. [PMID: 31337340 PMCID: PMC6652105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a polyphenol of great interest given its antioxidant activity and involvement in the immune response. Although quercetin has been well studied at the molecular level as a gene regulator and an activator of specific cellular pathways, not much attention has been given to its mechanism of action at the genome-wide level. The present study aims to characterize quercetin's interaction with cellular DNA and to show its subsequent effect on downstream transcription. RESULTS Two massive parallel DNA-sequencing technologies were used: Chem-seq and RNA-seq. We demonstrate that upon binding to DNA or genome-associated proteins, quercetin acts as a cis-regulatory transcription factor for the expression of genes that are involved in the cell cycle, differentiation and development. CONCLUSIONS Such findings could provide new and important insights into the mechanisms by which the dietary polyphenol quercetin influences cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Atrahimovich
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Avraham O. Samson
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Yifthah Barsheshet
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Eli Reuveni
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
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21
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Epimedium koreanum Extract and Its Flavonoids Reduced Atherosclerotic Risk via Suppressing Modification of Human HDL. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051110. [PMID: 31109081 PMCID: PMC6566614 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the key factor responsible for cardiovascular events, which is a major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. It is well known that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation and glycation increases the risk for atherosclerosis. Epimedium koreanum has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for treating erectile dysfunction, kidney diseases, osteoporosis, and breast cancer. However, no reports on the effects of E. koreanum on HDL modification exist. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of E. koreanum extract and its eight flavonoids, which are: (1) anhydroicaritin 3-O-rhamnoside, (2) β-anhydroicaritin, (3–5) epimedins A-C, (6) epimedoside A, (7) icariin, and (8) des-O-methyl-β-anhydroicaritin, against HDL modification. HDLs obtained from pooled human plasma samples were incubated in vitro with E. koreanum extract or each compound in the presence of copper sulfate or fructose. The HDL modifications were evaluated by measuring generation of conjugated dienes, production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, change in electrophoretic mobility of apoA-I, advanced glycation end products formation, and apoA-I aggregation. Consequently, E. koreanum extract and compound 8 suppressed HDL modification through inhibition of lipid peroxidation, apoA-I aggregation, negative charge increase, and AGEs formation. In particular, compound 8 showed more potent inhibitory effect on HDL modification than the extracts, suggesting its protective role against atherosclerosis via inhibition of HDL oxidation and glycation.
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Condict L, Kaur J, Hung A, Ashton J, Kasapis S. Combined spectroscopic, molecular docking and quantum mechanics study of β-casein and ferulic acid interactions following UHT-like treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Panigrahi SK, Mishra AK. Study on the dependence of fluorescence intensity on optical density of solutions: the use of fluorescence observation field for inner filter effect corrections. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:583-591. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absorbance value that corresponds to maximum fluorescence intensity (Aflmax) depends on fluorescence observation field.
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24
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Fu XB, Zhang YL, Qiu YL, Song XM, Wu F, Feng YL, Zhang JY, Li HL. Physicochemical Basis and Comparison of Two Type II Sex Pheromone Components Binding with Pheromone-Binding Protein 2 from Tea Geometrid, Ectropis obliqua. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13084-13095. [PMID: 30452261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran geometrid moth can produce complex Type II sex pheromone components to attract males and trigger mating behavior. Although several sex pheromone components have been identified, it remains unclear whether their physicochemical roles in sex pheromone sensing are the same. Therefore, we utilized tea geometrid ( Ectropis obliqua) as an example model to investigate and compare the physicochemical basis of two key Type II sex pheromone components, cis-6,7-epoxy-(3Z,9Z)-3,9-octadecadiene ( Z3 Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy) and ( Z, Z, Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy), interacting with pheromone-binding protein 2 ( EoblPBP2) from E. obliqua. Multispectral, thermodynamic, docking, and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the major sex pheromone component Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy is more susceptible to pH-tuned than the minor component Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy, whereas Z3Z6Z9-18:Hy seems to be more susceptible to temperature and amino acid mutations than Z3Z9-6,7-epo-18:Hy. Our study suggests that different components of Type II sex pheromone play different binding characters under specific conditions in the physicochemical behavior. This deeply supplements the theoretical knowledge of Type II pheromones involved in the recognition and discrimination in the Lepidopteran sex pheromones family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Hangzhou Tea Research Institute, China Coop. , Hangzhou 310016 , China
| | - Yi-Lei Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xin-Mi Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Fan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yi-Lu Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
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Atrahimovich D, Samson AO, Khattib A, Vaya J, Khatib S. Punicalagin Decreases Serum Glucose Levels and Increases PON1 Activity and HDL Anti-Inflammatory Values in Balb/c Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2673076. [PMID: 30151068 PMCID: PMC6091419 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2673076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are consumed daily in the human diet and are associated with reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Traditionally, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their antioxidant activity, but many studies might be hampered by oral administration and insignificant bioavailability. Rather than exerting a direct antioxidant effect, the mechanisms by which polyphenols express their beneficial effect seem to involve their interaction with proteins. The present study is aimed at broadening and confirming our recently published in vitro results showing that polyphenols may reduce atherosclerosis risk via interaction with proteins and lipoproteins related to atherosclerosis. The biological functions of punicalagin and quercetin in relation to glucose and lipid levels, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and inflammation were examined in vivo. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and during the last 4 weeks, they received subcutaneous treatments via implanted minipumps, which released physiological concentrations of punicalagin, quercetin, or atorvastatin (as a positive control) daily into the serum. The HFD reduced serum PON1 activity, whereas punicalagin administration restored PON1 activity to the level of mice fed a normal diet. In addition, punicalagin significantly reduced glucose levels in HFD mice and improved HDL anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, beyond antioxidant activity, the mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their beneficial properties appear to involve their interaction with serum proteins that mediate HDL function and lipid-glucose state in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Atrahimovich
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel
| | - Ali Khattib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, 12208 Upper Galilee, Israel
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Xiong Y, Wang Q, Duan M, Xu J, Chen J, Fang S. Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres as Biomimetic Recognition Material for In Situ Adsorption and Selective Chemiluminescence Determination of Bisphenol A. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070780. [PMID: 30960705 PMCID: PMC6403925 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter in environments which can induce abnormal differentiation of reproductive organs by interfering with the action of endogenous gonadal steroid hormones. In this work, the bisphenol A (BPA) molecularly-imprinted microspheres (MIMS) were prepared and used as biomimetic recognition material for in situ adsorption and selective chemiluminescence (CL) determination of BPA. Through non-covalent interaction, the BPA-MIMS was successfully prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using a BPA template, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross-linker, and a SiO2 dispersion agent. The characterization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-disperse spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the obtained MIMS possessed a regular spherical shape and narrow diameter distribution (25–30 μm). The binding experiment indicated BPA could be adsorbed in situ on the MIMS-packing cell with an apparent maximum amount Qmax of 677.3 μg g−1. Then BPA could be selectively detected by its sensitive inhibition effect on the CL reaction between luminol and periodate (KIO4), and the inhibition mechanism was discussed to reveal the CL reaction process. The CL intensity was linear to BPA concentrations in two ranges, respectively from 0.5 to 1.5 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 8.0 ng mL−1 (3σ), and from 1.5 to 15 μg mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 80 ng mL−1 (3σ). The BPA-MIPMS showed excellent selectivity for BPA adsorption and the proposed CL method has been successfully applied to BPA determination in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Ming Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Dalian 116001, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Shenwen Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Oil and Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
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Dahli L, Atrahimovich D, Vaya J, Khatib S. Lyso-DGTS lipid isolated from microalgae enhances PON1 activities in vitro and in vivo, increases PON1 penetration into macrophages and decreases cellular lipid accumulation. Biofactors 2018; 44:299-310. [PMID: 29659105 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. The antioxidant effect of HDL is mostly associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Increasing PON1 activity using nutrients might improve HDL function and quality and thus, decrease atherosclerotic risk. We previously isolated and identified a novel active compound, lyso-DGTS (C20:5,0) from Nannochloropsis sp. ethanol extract. In the present study, its effect on PON1 activities was examined and the mechanism by which the compound affects PON1 activity was explored. Lyso-DGTS elevated recombinant PON1 (rePON1) lactonase and esterase activities in a dose- and time-responsive manner, and further stabilized and preserved rePON1 lactonase activity. Incubation of lyso-DGTS with human serum for 4 h at 37 °C also increased PON1 lactonase activity in a dose-responsive manner. Using tryptophan-fluorescence-quenching assay, lyso-DGTS was found to interact with rePON1 spontaneously with negative free energy (ΔG = -22.87 kJ mol-1 at 25 °C). Thermodynamic parameters and molecular modeling calculations showed that the main interaction of lyso-DGTS with the enzyme is through a hydrogen bond with supporting van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, lyso-DGTS significantly increased rePON1 influx into macrophages and prevented lipid accumulation in macrophages stimulated with oxidized low-density lipid dose-dependently. In vivo supplementation of lyso-DGTS to the circulation of mice fed a high-fat diet via osmotic mini-pumps implanted subcutaneously significantly increased serum PON1 lactonase activity and decreased serum glucose concentrations to the level of mice fed a normal diet. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso-DGTS on increasing PON1 activity and thus, improving HDL quality and atherosclerotic risk factors. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):299-310, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loureen Dahli
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Dana Atrahimovich
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
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Xu JX, Vithanage BCN, Athukorale SA, Zhang D. Scattering and absorption differ drastically in their inner filter effects on fluorescence, resonance synchronous, and polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic measurements. Analyst 2018; 143:3382-3389. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the finding that photon scattering and absorption differ drastically in inducing the sample IFE in SSF, RS2, and the PRS2 spectra measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | | | | | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
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Martini D, Del Bo’ C, Porrini M, Ciappellano S, Riso P. Role of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods in the modulation of PON1 activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li H, Zhao L, Fu X, Song X, Wu F, Tang M, Cui H, Yu J. Physicochemical Evidence on Sublethal Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid Interacting with an Odorant-Binding Protein from the Tea Geometrid Moth, Ectropis obliqua. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3276-3284. [PMID: 28366004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays the excessive usage of neonicotinoid insecticides always results in residues in Chinese tea fields. It is not clear whether the insecticide residue at the sublethal level influences the physiological processes of tea pests. Here, we provide evidence of interaction between the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and a general odorant-binding protein, EoblGOBP2, from the tea geometrid moth, Ectropis obliqua. The interacting process was demonstrated through multiple fluorescence spectra, UV absorption spectra, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, molecular docking, etc. The binding mode was determined to be static (from 300 to 310 K) and dynamic quenching (from 290 to 300 K). The binding distance was calculated to be 6.9 nm on the basis of FRET theory. According to the thermodynamic analysis, the process was mainly driven by enthalpy (ΔH < 0), and hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces in the static and dynamic binding cases, respectively. Moreover, synchronous fluorescence spectra and CD spectra analysis showed stretching of the EoblGOBP2 peptide chains with a decreasing α-helix when imidacloprid was added. Molecular docking was applied and predicted that two hydrogen bonds were formed between imidacloprid and Arg110 in the mature peptide of EoblGOBP2. Moreover, when the absolute amounts of EoblGOBP2 in the moth antennae were measured and calculated by using real-time PCR, it was estimated that imidacloprid at sublethal level (about 0.233 and 0.175 ng/male and female moth antennae, respectively) inhibited the binding of a tea volatile, E-2-hexenal, to EoblGOBP2 at about half. This study indicates that neonicotinoid insecticide at sublethal level may still affect the olfactory cognition of the tea geometrid moth to volatile compounds from tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinmi Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hongchun Cui
- Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jizhong Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310024, China
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Punicalagin Induces Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Influx to Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7124251. [PMID: 27516832 PMCID: PMC4969581 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are a primary initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, the antiatherogenic effect of polyphenols has been shown to be exerted via a mechanism unrelated to their antioxidant capacity and to stem from their interaction with specific intracellular or plasma proteins. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the main polyphenol in pomegranate, punicalagin, with apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB100) that surrounds LDL. Punicalagin bound to ApoB100 at low concentrations (0.25–4 μM). Upon binding, it induced LDL influx to macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, up to 2.5-fold. In contrast, another polyphenol which binds to ApoB100, glabridin, did not affect LDL influx. We further showed that LDL influx occurs specifically through the LDL receptor, with LDL then accumulating in the cell cytoplasm. Taken together with the findings of Aviram et al., 2000, that pomegranate juice and punicalagin induce plasma LDL removal and inhibit macrophage cholesterol synthesis and accumulation, our results suggest that, upon binding, punicalagin stimulates LDL influx to macrophages, thus reducing circulating cholesterol levels.
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Li H, Wu F, Zhao L, Tan J, Jiang H, Hu F. Neonicotinoid insecticide interact with honeybee odorant-binding protein: Implication for olfactory dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:624-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yehuda I, Madar Z, Leikin-Frenkel A, Szuchman-Sapir A, Magzal F, Markman G, Tamir S. Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, upregulates paraoxonase 2 expression under hyperglycemia and protects it from oxidation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:287-99. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Yehuda
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences; MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona Israel
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Rehovot Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Rehovot Israel
| | - Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Tel Aviv University; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv Israel
- Sheba Medical Center; Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center; Tel-Hashomer Israel
| | - Andrea Szuchman-Sapir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences; MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona Israel
- Tel-Hai College; Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Upper Galilee Israel
| | - Faiga Magzal
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences; MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona Israel
- Eliachar Research Laboratory; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee; Bar Ilan University; Safed Israel
| | - Gilad Markman
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences; MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona Israel
| | - Snait Tamir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences; MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona Israel
- Tel-Hai College; Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Upper Galilee Israel
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He Z, Chen J, Moser SE, Jones OG, Ferruzzi MG. Interaction of β-casein with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate assayed by fluorescence quenching: effect of thermal processing temperature. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Sydney E. Moser
- Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906 USA
| | - Owen G. Jones
- Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906 USA
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette Indiana 47906 USA
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Interaction of β-lactoglobulin with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate under different processing conditions of pH and temperature by the fluorescence quenching method. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Nettles CB, Hu J, Zhang D. Using Water Raman Intensities To Determine the Effective Excitation and Emission Path Lengths of Fluorophotometers for Correcting Fluorescence Inner Filter Effect. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4917-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Nettles
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Juan Hu
- Department
of Mathematical Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60604, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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Hottman DA, Chernick D, Cheng S, Wang Z, Li L. HDL and cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:22-36. [PMID: 25131449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a heterogeneous group of lipoproteins composed of various lipids and proteins. HDL is formed both in the systemic circulation and in the brain. In addition to being a crucial player in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, HDL possesses a wide range of other functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, pro-endothelial function, anti-thrombosis, and modulation of immune function. It has been firmly established that high plasma levels of HDL protect against cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial role of HDL extends to many other systems including the central nervous system. Cognition is a complex brain function that includes all aspects of perception, thought, and memory. Cognitive function often declines during aging and this decline manifests as cognitive impairment/dementia in age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A growing concern is that no effective therapy is currently available to prevent or treat these devastating diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that HDL may play a pivotal role in preserving cognitive function under normal and pathological conditions. This review attempts to summarize recent genetic, clinical and experimental evidence for the impact of HDL on cognition in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders as well as the potential of HDL-enhancing approaches to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hottman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dustin Chernick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Khatib S, Artoul F, Gershko M, Markman G, Vaya J. The synthesis and analysis of S-nitorsylated paraoxonase 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:354-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Simmler C, Pauli GF, Chen SN. Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:160-84. [PMID: 23850540 PMCID: PMC3795865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin, a prenylated isoflavonoid of G. glabra L. roots (European licorice, Fabaceae), has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, regulation of energy metabolism, estrogenic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, and skin-whitening. While glabridin is one of the most studied licorice flavonoids, a comprehensive literature survey linked to its numerous bioactivities is unavailable. The present review provides a comprehensive description of glabridin as a key chemical and biological marker of G. glabra, by covering both its phytochemical characterization and reported biological activities. Both glabridin and standardized licorice extracts have significant impact on food, dietary supplements (DSs) and cosmetic markets, as evidenced by the amount of available patents and scientific articles since 1976, when glabridin was first described. Nevertheless, a thorough literature survey also reveals that information about the isolation and chemical characterization of this important marker is scattered and less detailed than expected. Accordingly, the first part of this review gathers and provides all analytical and spectroscopic data required for the comprehensive phytochemical characterization of glabridin. The four most frequently described and most relevant bioactivities of glabridin are its anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, estrogenic-like effects, and its capacity to regulate energy metabolism. While all bioactivities reported for glabridin belong to a wide array of targets, its principal biological properties are likely interconnected. To this end, the current state of the literature suggests that the biological activity of glabridin mainly results from its capacity to down-regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species, bind to antioxidant effectors, and act on estrogen receptors, potentially as a plant-based Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (phytoSERM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Improving serum levels of HDL and its subfractions, as well as, oxidative/inflammatory properties has become a fundamental aim in today's atherosclerosis research. Efforts to reach this goal are paralleled by achievements in drug development toward decreasing serum LDL levels and oxidative status. RECENT FINDINGS Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that is deemed responsible for many of the HDL's antiatherogenic and cardioprotective characteristics. PON1 is highly sensitive to variations in its milieu, and endogenous compounds (fatty acids, phospholipids), nutritional ingredients (flavonoids and other antioxidants), and environmental elements (reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, metals, surfactants), significantly affect the enzyme's activities. PON1 was shown to be responsible for some of the HDL antiatherogenic characteristics such as HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages, and the inhibition of LDL oxidation. SUMMARY The present review summarizes the recent literature related to various elements in PON1's milieu that regulate its activities, with an emphasis on its interrelation with components of the human carotid atherosclerotic lesion (plaque) which are in constant contact with circulating HDL-associated PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aviram
- Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Atrahimovich D, Vaya J, Khatib S. The effects and mechanism of flavonoid-rePON1 interactions. Structure-activity relationship study. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3348-55. [PMID: 23623675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant phenolic secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the human diet. These antioxidants have received much attention because of their neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive actions. While a major focus has been on the flavonoids' antioxidant properties, there is an emerging view that many of the potential health benefits of flavonoids and their in vivo metabolites are due to modulatory actions in cells through direct interactions with proteins, and not necessarily due to their antioxidant function. This view relies on the observations that flavonoids are present in the circulation at very low concentrations, which are not sufficient to exert effective antioxidant effects. The enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and is responsible for many of HDLs' antiatherogenic properties. We previously showed that the flavonoid glabridin binds to rePON1 and affects the enzyme's 3D structure. This interaction protects the enzyme from inhibition by an atherogenic component of the human carotid plaque. Here, we broadened our study to an investigation of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 12 flavonoids from different subclasses with rePON1 using Trp-fluorescence quenching, modeling calculations and Cu(2+)-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation methods. Our findings emphasize the 'protein-binding' mechanism by which flavonoids exert their beneficial biological role toward rePON1. Flavonoids' capacity to interact with the enzyme's rePON1 hydrophobic groove mostly dictates their pro/antioxidant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Atrahimovich
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, PO Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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