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Bai H, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Sun Y, Wang Y, Li B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Research progress of treating hyperuricemia in rats and mice with traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428558. [PMID: 39101136 PMCID: PMC11294118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common chronic metabolic disease caused by abnormal purine metabolism and uric acid excretion. Despite extensive research on HUA, no clear treatment has been found so far. Improving purine metabolism and promoting uric acid excretion is crucial for the effective treatment of HUA. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown good effects in treating HUA. This article summarizes the latest progress in treating HUA in rats and mice using traditional Chinese medicine and prescriptions, elaborates on the pathogenesis of HUA, explores the application of commonly used traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods and prescriptions, and discusses the previous pharmacological mechanisms. In general, our research indicates that traditional Chinese medicine can effectively relieve the symptoms related to elevated uric acid levels in HUA rats and mice. However, further exploration and research are needed to verify its efficacy, safety, and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zidong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Critical review on chemical compositions and health-promoting effects of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2190-2203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhang E, Chen J, Li X, Luo L, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Wang X. An improved ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method determining hispidulin and homoplantaginin in rat plasma and associated pharmacokinetic studies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant components in Salvia plebeia, with significant pharmacological antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Hispidulin and homoplantaginin are the main flavonoid components in S. Plebeia. In this study, we established an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to determine hispidulin and homoplantaginin in rat plasma samples, which were precipitated using acetonitrile-methanol (9:1, v/v). We used a UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm diameter) chromatographic column, an acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% formic acid) mobile phase, and a gradient elution flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 in an elution time of 4 min. We used electrospray ionization (ESI) detection in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) for quantitative analysis: m/z 301 → 286 for hispidulin, m/z 463 → 301 for homoplantaginin, and m/z 465 → 303 for internal standard (IS). In pharmacokinetic studies, 24 rats were orally administered hispidulin and homoplantaginin (5 mg kg−1) and received sublingual intravenous injections (1 mg kg−1) at two different doses, four groups with six rats/group. Differences in hispidulin and homoplantaginin pharmacokinetics in rat plasma were evaluated. The calibration curve showed good linearity in the 0.5–1,000 ng mL−1 range, with r > 0.99. Precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effects, and stability results all met standard biological sample detection requirements. Our pharmacokinetic studies showed hispidulin bioavailability was much higher than homoplantaginin at 17.8% and 0.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lvqi Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Wei Q, Zhong X, Haruna MH, Liu S, Zhou F, Chen M. Evaluation of different agricultural wastes for the production of polysaccharides from
Oudemansiella raphanipes
and its antioxidant properties. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3444-3452. [PMID: 36249961 PMCID: PMC9548352 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oudemansiella raphanipes (OR) is a commercial mushroom which possesses high nutritional value and excellent and unique flavors. In this study, various agricultural wastes were utilized as substitute materials in the low‐cost and high‐yield production of mycelia biomass and polysaccharides by liquid fermentation. The sawdust, wheat bran, apple pomace, sugarcane, and corn particles were employed to cultivate OR, using the potato dextrose broth as control. Additionally, a preliminary characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities of partial purified OR polysaccharides were investigated. The substrate of sugarcane was suitable for mycelia growth of OR, with high yield of mycelia biomass and polysaccharides content. In vitro antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that OR polysaccharides could effectively scavenge 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals. OR polysaccharides had configuration as revealed by Fourier transform infrared, and was mainly composed of fucose (Fuc), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), ribose (Rib), and galacturonic acid (Gal‐UA), with mass percentages of 3.29%, 0.64%, 1.09%, 16.03%, 72.69%, 0.56%, 3.18%, 0.93%, and 1.59%, respectively. This study may offer support for decreasing the cost of OR polysaccharides production and dealing with these agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- College of Life Science Ningde Normal University Ningde China
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base in Fujian Province Ningde China
- Fujian Higher Education Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde Ningde China
- Engineering Research Center of Mingdong Aquatic Product Deep‐Processing Fujian Province University Ningde China
| | - Xinrong Zhong
- College of Life Science Ningde Normal University Ningde China
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base in Fujian Province Ningde China
- Fujian Higher Education Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde Ningde China
| | - Maryam Hajia Haruna
- National Animal Production Research Institute Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | - Shengrong Liu
- College of Life Science Ningde Normal University Ningde China
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base in Fujian Province Ningde China
- Fujian Higher Education Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde Ningde China
| | - Fengfang Zhou
- College of Life Science Ningde Normal University Ningde China
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base in Fujian Province Ningde China
- Fujian Higher Education Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde Ningde China
| | - Meixia Chen
- College of Life Science Ningde Normal University Ningde China
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base in Fujian Province Ningde China
- Fujian Higher Education Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde Ningde China
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5
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Sha L, Liu S. Effect of tea polyphenols on the inhibition of heterocyclic aromatic amines in grilled mutton patties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sha
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, KTRDC University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Susu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou China
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Liu X, Sha Y, Lv W, Cao G, Guo X, Pu X, Wang J, Li S, Hu J, Luo Y. Multi-Omics Reveals That the Rumen Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Its Metabolome Co-regulate Cold Season Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859601. [PMID: 35495720 PMCID: PMC9043902 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep can maintain a normal life and reproduce in harsh environments under extreme cold and lack of nutrition. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Tibetan sheep during the cold season are still unclear. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, epithelial transcriptomics, microbiology and metabolomics in a Tibetan sheep model. The results showed that morphological structure of rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep in cold season had adaptive changes. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the differential genes were primarily enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway (ko03320), legionellosis (ko05134), phagosome (ko04145), arginine and proline metabolism (ko00330), and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (ko00980). Unique differential metabolites were identified in cold season, such as cynaroside A, sanguisorbin B and tryptophyl-valine, which were mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism pathways, and had certain correlation with microorganisms. Integrated transcriptome-metabolome-microbiome analysis showed that epithelial gene-GSTM3 expression was upregulated in the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway during the cold season, leading to the downregulation of some harmful metabolites; TLR5 gene expression was upregulated and CD14 gene expression was downregulated in the legionellosis pathway during the cold season. This study comprehensively described the interaction mechanism between the rumen host and microbes and their metabolites in grazing Tibetan sheep during the cold season. Rumen epithelial genes, microbiota and metabolites act together in some key pathways related to cold season adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Sha
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibing Lv
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guizhong Cao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Huangyuan County, Xining, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Pu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Saleh-E-In MM, Choi YE. Anethum sowa Roxb. ex fleming: A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:113967. [PMID: 33640440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anethum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming (Syn. Peucedanum sowa Roxb. ex Fleming, Family: Apiaceae) is a pharmacologically important as aromatic and medicinal plant. Various parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine systems for carminative, uterine and colic pain, digestion disorder, flatulence in babies, appetite-stimulating agent and used to treat mild flue and cough. The essential oil is used for aromatherapy. It is also used as a spice for food flavouring and culinary preparations in many Asian and European countries. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical assessment from the reported traditional and pharmaceutical uses and pharmacological activities of the extracts, essential oil and phytoconstituents with emphasis on its therapeutic potential as well as toxicological evaluation of A. sowa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online search engines such as SciFinder®, GoogleScholar®, ResearchGate®, Web of Science®, Scopus®, PubMed and additional data from books, proceedings and local prints were searched using relevant keywords and terminologies related to A. sowa for critical analyses. RESULTS The literature studies demonstrated that A. sowa possesses several ethnopharmacological activities, including pharmaceutical prescriptions, traditional applications, and spice in food preparations. The phytochemical investigation conducted on crude extracts has been characterized and identified various classes of compounds, including coumarins, anthraquinone, terpenoids, alkaloid, benzodioxoles, phenolics, polyphenols, phenolic and polyphenols, fatty acids, phthalides and carotenoids. The extracts and compounds from the different parts of A. sowa showed diverse in vitro and in vivo biological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer associating neuromodulatory, cytotoxic, anticancer, antidiabetes, insecticidal and larvicidal. CONCLUSION A. sowa is a valuable medicinal plant which is especially used in food flavouring and culinary preparations. This review summarized the pertinent information on A. sowa and its traditional and culinary uses, as well as potential pharmacological properties of essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds. The traditional uses of A. sowa are supported by in vitro/vivo pharmacological studies; however, further investigation on A. sowa should be focused on isolation and identification of more active compounds and establish the links between the traditional uses and reported pharmacological activities with active compounds, as well as structure-activity relationship and in vivo mechanistic studies before integrated into the medicine. The toxicological report confirmed its safety. Nonetheless, pharmacokinetic evaluation tests to validate its bioavailability should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshfekus Saleh-E-In
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Bednarska K, Fecka I. Potential of Vasoprotectives to Inhibit Non-Enzymatic Protein Glycation, and Reactive Carbonyl and Oxygen Species Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810026. [PMID: 34576189 PMCID: PMC8465384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO) are the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a major factor in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Vasoprotectives (VPs) exhibit a wide range of activities beneficial to cardiovascular health. The present study aimed to investigate selected VPs and their structural analogs for their ability to trap MGO/GO, inhibit AGE formation, and evaluate their antioxidant potential. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-MS) and diode-array detector (UHPLC-DAD) was used to investigate direct trapping capacity and kinetics of quenching MGO/GO, respectively. Fluorimetric and colorimetric measurements were used to evaluate antiglycation and antioxidant action. All tested substances showed antiglycative effects, but hesperetin was the most effective in RCS scavenging. We demonstrated that rutin, diosmetin, hesperidin, and hesperetin could trap both MGO and GO by forming adducts, whose structures we proposed. MGO-derived AGE formation was inhibited the most by hesperetin, and GO-derived AGEs by diosmetin. High reducing and antiradical activity was confirmed for quercetin, rutin, hesperetin, and calcium dobesilate. Therefore, in addition to other therapeutic applications, some VPs could be potential candidates as antiglycative agents to prevent AGE-related complications of diabetes.
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Ren CZ, Hu WY, Zhang JW, Wei YY, Yu ML, Hu TJ. Establishment of inflammatory model induced by Pseudorabies virus infection in mice. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e20. [PMID: 33774936 PMCID: PMC8007442 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to high mortality in swine. Despite extensive efforts, effective treatments against PRV infection are limited. Furthermore, the inflammatory response induced by PRV strain GXLB-2013 is unclear. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response induced by PRV strain GXLB-2013, establish an inflammation model to elucidate the pathogenesis of PRV infection further, and develop effective drugs against PRV infection. METHODS Kunming mice were infected intramuscularly with medium, LPS, and different doses of PRV-GXLB-2013. Viral spread and histopathological damage to brain, spleen, and lung were determined at 7 days post-infection (dpi). Immune organ indices, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines, as well as levels of activity of COX-2 and iNOS were determined at 4, 7, and 14 dpi. RESULTS At 10⁵-10⁶ TCID50 PRV produced obviously neurological symptoms and 100% mortality in mice. Viral antigens were detectable in kidney, heart, lung, liver, spleen, and brain. In addition, inflammatory injuries were apparent in brain, spleen, and lung of PRV-infected mice. Moreover, PRV induced increases in immune organ indices, ROS and NO levels, activity of COX-2 and iNOS, and the content of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and MCP-1. Among the tested doses, 10² TCID50 of PRV produced a significant inflammatory mediator increase. CONCLUSIONS An inflammatory model induced by PRV infection was established in mice, and 10² TCID50 PRV was considered as the best concentration for the establishment of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhi Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.,Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wen Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Jin Wu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ying Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Mei Ling Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Ting Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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10
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Inhibitory effect of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) molasses extract on the formation of heterocyclic amines in deep-fried chicken wings. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bednarska K, Kuś P, Fecka I. Investigation of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Methylglyoxal Trapping Effect of Galega officinalis L. Herb In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E5810. [PMID: 33317096 PMCID: PMC7764533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galega officinalis L. has been known for centuries as an herbal medicine used to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, but its comprehensive chemical composition and pharmacological activity are still insufficiently known. The current study involved the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidative and methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping properties of galega herb. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with both the electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and diode-array detector (UHPLC-ESI-MS and UHPLC-DAD) were used to investigate the composition and evaluate the anti-MGO capability of extracts and their components. Hot water and aqueous methanol extracts, as well as individual compounds representing phytochemical groups, were also assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Quercetin and metformin were used as a positive control. We confirmed the presence of tricyclic quinazoline alkaloids, guanidines, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in galega extracts. The polyphenolic fraction was dominated by mono-, di-, and triglycosylated flavonols, as well as monocaffeoylhexaric acids. The in vitro tests indicated which G. officinalis components exhibit beneficial antioxidative and MGO trapping effects. For galega extracts, flavonols, and HCAs, a potent antiradical activity was observed. The ability to trap MGO was noted for guanidines and flavonoids, whereas HCA esters and quinazoline alkaloids were ineffective. The formation of mono-MGO adducts of galegine, hydroxygalegine, and rutin in the examined water infusion was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (I.F.)
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Alseekh S, Perez de Souza L, Benina M, Fernie AR. The style and substance of plant flavonoid decoration; towards defining both structure and function. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112347. [PMID: 32203741 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over 8000 different flavonoids have been described and a considerable number of new flavonoid structures are being elucidated every year. The advent of metabolomics alongside the development of phytochemical genetics - wherein the genetic basis underlying the regulation of the levels of plant metabolites is determined - has provided a massive boost to such efforts. That said our understanding of the individual function(s) of the vast majority of the metabolites that constitute this important class of phytochemicals remains unknown. Here we review what is known concerning the major decorative modifications of flavonoids in plants, namely hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation and acylation. Our major focus is with regard to the in planta function of these modified compounds, however, we also highlight the demonstrated bioactive roles which they possess. We additionally performed a comprehensive survey of the flavonoids listed in the KNApSAcK database in order to assess the frequency of occurrence of each type of flavonoid modification. We conclude that whilst considerable research has been carried out regarding the biological roles of flavonoids most studies to date have merely provided information on the compound class or sub-classes thereof as a whole with too little currently known on the specific role of individual metabolites. We, therefore, finally suggest a framework based on currently available tools by which the relative importance of the individual compounds can be assessed under various biological conditions in order to fill this knowledge-gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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13
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Wei Q, Zhan Y, Chen B, Xie B, Fang T, Ravishankar S, Jiang Y. Assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Agaricus blazei Murill extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:332-339. [PMID: 31993159 PMCID: PMC6977522 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM), a medicinal mushroom, has beneficial effects on various human metabolic diseases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of ABM extracts (ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract). The antioxidant activities of ABM ethanol extract (EE) and ethyl acetate extract (EA) were analyzed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays and the reducing power using K3Fe(CN)6 in vitro. Moreover, the effects of EE and EA on α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and improving glucose uptake by HepG2 cells were investigated in vitro. The EA showed stronger antioxidant activity, as well as inhibition of α-glucosidase, compared to EE. The analysis of glucose uptake by HepG2 cells showed that EA had significant glucose-lowering activity and exhibited no difference compared to metformin. The results suggest that ABM extracts could improve the glucose uptake by HepG2 cells and thereby alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia. This investigation provides a strong rationale for further studies on the application of ABM to control type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yishu Zhan
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Sadhana Ravishankar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Yuji Jiang
- College of Food ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Xiong G, Deng Y, Cao Z, Liao X, Zhang J, Lu H. The hepatoprotective effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:399-410. [PMID: 31654769 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism about the hepatoprotective effects of S. plebeia remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of S. plebeia (SPEE) in the zebrafish model. Firstly, we determined the chemical compositions of SPEE and identified three major constituents by using GC-MS analysis. After that, SPEE exhibited significantly antioxidant properties in the LPS-induced zebrafish embryos, and the enzyme activities of ROS, CAT and SOD were obviously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Secondly, SPEE greatly reduced fat vacuoles (HE staining), lipid accumulation (Oil O staining) and hepatocyte fibrosis (Gemori staining) in the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatocyte injury of adult zebrafish. Meanwhile, the NO contents and lipid metabolism-related genes were substantially down-regulated after SPEE exposure. Thirdly, we used RNA-Seq analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SPEE exposure in adult zebrafish liver. The results showed that 1289 DEGs including 558 up-regulated and 731 down-regulated were identified between the TAA + SPEE and TAA groups. KEGG pathway and GO functional analysis revealed that steroid biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction and innate immunity were significantly enriched. Mechanistically, SPEE can considerably reduce the cell apoptosis of hepatocytes and promote the translocation of Nrf2 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in TAA-induced zebrafish. Moreover, SPEE can modulate various inflammatory cytokines and immune genes both in the control and H2O2-stimulated conditions. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated but the anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β was greatly down-regulated after SPEE treatment. In addition, some key genes in the TLR signaling were also activated in the H2O2-stimulated conditions. In summary, our results suggested that SPEE had an important role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish in the near future. Some of the components identified in this study may be served as potential sources of new hepatoprotective compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun'e Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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Salvia plebeia R. Br. : an overview about its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology and modern applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109589. [PMID: 31810130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP), has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It contains a number of chemical components and reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. SP is distributed in many countries such as China, Korea, Japan, Afghanistan and India. SP was first described in Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming dynasty. The aim of this review is to compile all the information reported in the literature on SP. This review covers traditional uses, including 16 TCM classics and 21 traditional prescriptions; a total of 93 compounds from SP have been reported, including flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenes, phenolic acids etc; biological actives such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, antiasthmatic, antiviral, antitumour, hepatoprotective effects etc. In addition, this paper also compiled the quality control studies and clinical applications. The future prospects and the existing problems of SP were also discussed. Overall, we believe this review will be a comprehensive record of SP for researchers to refer for carrying out for further research.
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Inhibitory effect of the extract from Sonchus olearleu on the formation of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines during the pork cooking. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:138-143. [PMID: 31034934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chen L, Teng H, Cao H. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid from Sonchus oleraceus Linn synergistically attenuate insulin resistance and modulate glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:182-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen L, Lin X, Xu X, Chen Y, Li K, Fan X, Pang J, Teng H. Self-nano-emulsifying formulation of Sonchus oleraceus Linn for improved stability: Implications for phenolics degradation under in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pereira OR, Catarino MD, Afonso AF, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Salvia elegans, Salvia greggii and Salvia officinalis Decoctions: Antioxidant Activities and Inhibition of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Enzymes. Molecules 2018; 23:E3169. [PMID: 30513773 PMCID: PMC6321363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia elegans Vahl., Salvia greggii A. Gray, and Salvia officinalis L. decoctions were investigated for their health-benefit properties, in particular with respect to antioxidant activity and inhibitory ability towards key enzymes with impact in diabetes and obesity (α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase). Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the three decoctions were determined and correlated with the beneficial properties. The S. elegans decoction was the most promising in regard to the antioxidant effects, namely in the scavenging capacity of the free radicals DPPH•, NO• and O₂•⁻, and the ability to reduce Fe3+, as well as the most effective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (EC50 = 36.0 ± 2.7 μg/mL vs. EC50 = 345.3 ± 6.4 μg/mL and 71.2 ± 5.0 μg/mL for S. greggii and S. officinalis, respectively). This superior activity of the S. elegans decoction over those of S. greggii and S. officinalis was, overall, highly correlated with its richness in caffeic acid and derivatives. In turn, the S. officinalis decoction exhibited good inhibitory capacity against xanthine oxidase activity, a fact that could be associated with its high content of flavones, in particular the glycosidic forms of apigenin, scutellarein and luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia R Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Marcelo D Catarino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Andrea F Afonso
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Public Health Laboratory of Bragança, Local Health Unit, Rua Eng. Adelino Amaro da Costa, 5300-146 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zou YH, Zhao L, Xu YK, Bao JM, Liu X, Zhang JS, Li W, Ahmed A, Yin S, Tang GH. Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Salvia plebeia: Regulates pro-inflammatory mediators through inhibition of NF-κB and Erk1/2 signaling pathways in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:95-106. [PMID: 28847754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia plebeia R. Brown, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been used to treat inflammatory diseases such as cough, hepatitis, and diarrhea for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify potential anti-inflammatory agents from the herb of S. plebeia, which may have contributed to its folk pharmacological use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The aerial parts of S. plebeia were extracted with 95% ethanol and separated by silica gel, RP-C18, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (MS, NMR, and X-ray). Anti-inflammatory activities of all compounds were evaluated by the model of LPS-induced up-regulated of NO in Raw264.7 macrophages. The expression levels of cytokine (TNF-α) and proteins (iNOS and COX-2) were assessed by ELISA kit and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the influences of salviplenoid A (1) on NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were determined by Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Six new (1-6, salviplenoids A-F) and ten known (7-16) sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the herb of S. plebeia. The absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, and 7 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, salviplenoid A (1), significantly decreased the release of NO and TNF-α and the expression of proteins iNOS and COX-2. In addition, the biochemical mechanistic study indicated that 1 regulated the NF-κB dependent transcriptional activity through inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p50/p65 dimer and decreasing the phosphorylation of IκB and Erk1/2. CONCLUSIONS Among all sesquiterpenoids isolated from S. plebeian, the new salviplenoid A (1) exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-κB and Erk1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - You-Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jing-Mei Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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22
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Chen L, Teng H, Jia Z, Battino M, Miron A, Yu Z, Cao H, Xiao J. Intracellular signaling pathways of inflammation modulated by dietary flavonoids: The most recent evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2908-2924. [PMID: 28682647 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1345853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Center for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, Spain and Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Universitr Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea
| | - Anca Miron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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Jang HJ, Lee SJ, Kim CY, Hwang JT, Choi JH, Park JH, Lee SW, Rho MC. Effect of Sunlight Radiation on the Growth and Chemical Constituents of Salvia plebeia R.Br. Molecules 2017; 22:E1279. [PMID: 28763025 PMCID: PMC6152347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the chemical composition changes of Salvia plebeia R.Br. cultivated under different light sources, including florescent light and sunlight. The plants were exposed to fluorescent light for four months and sunlight and then examined for the next 5-7 months. Plants were harvested monthly during the seven months, and we examined whether the difference in light source affected the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. A simple and reliable HPLC method using a PAH C18 column was applied for the quantitative analysis of two triterpenoids from the S. plebeia groups. Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) showed good linearity (R² > 0.9999) within the test ranges (0.005-0.05 mg/mL), and the average percentage recoveries of the OA and UA were 95.1-104.8% and 97.2-107.1%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 2.0%. After exposure to sunlight, the phenolic contents, including rosmarinic acid, showed a reduced tendency, whereas the flavonoid contents, including homoplantaginin and luteolin 7-glucoside, were increased. The content of the triterpenoids also showed an increased tendency under sunlight irradiation, but the variance was not larger than those of the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among experimental groups, the group harvested at six months, having been exposed to sunlight for two months, showed the most potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, these results showed that the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of S. plebeia R.Br. was affected from environmental culture conditions, such as light source. Our studies will be useful for the development of functional materials using S. plebeia R.Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Joo Tae Hwang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Choi
- R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd., Seoul 06300, Korea.
| | - Jee Hun Park
- R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd., Seoul 06300, Korea.
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea.
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Chen L, Teng H, Xie Z, Cao H, Cheang WS, Skalicka-Woniak K, Georgiev MI, Xiao J. Modifications of dietary flavonoids towards improved bioactivity: An update on structure-activity relationship. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:513-527. [PMID: 27438892 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1196334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, extensive studies have revealed that inflammation represents a major risk factor for various human diseases. Chronic inflammatory responses predispose to pathological progression of chronic illnesses featured with penetration of inflammatory cells, dysregulation of cellular signaling, excessive generation of cytokines, and loss of barrier function. Hence, the suppression of inflammation has the potential to delay, prevent, and to treat chronic diseases. Flavonoids, which are widely distributed in humans daily diet, such as vegetables, fruits, tea and cocoa, among others, are considered as bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. Modification of flavonoids including hydroxylation, o-methylation, and glycosylation, can alter their metabolic features and affect mechanisms of inflammation. Structure-activity relationships among naturally occurred flavonoids hence provide us with a preliminary insight into their anti-inflammatory potential, not only attributing to the antioxidant capacity, but also to modulate inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge and underlies mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activities of dietary flavonoids and their influences involved in the development of various inflammatory-related chronic diseases. In addition, the established structure-activity relationships of phenolic compounds in this review may give an insight for the screening of new anti-inflammatory agents from dietary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Hui Teng
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Zhenglu Xie
- b Jinshan College , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Hui Cao
- c Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau
| | - Wai San Cheang
- c Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woniak
- d Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- e Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics , The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Plovdiv , Bulgaria.,f Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- c Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau
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Chen L, Teng H, Zhang KY, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Georgiev MI, Xiao J. Agrimonolide and Desmethylagrimonolide Induced HO-1 Expression in HepG2 Cells through Nrf2-Transduction and p38 Inactivation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:513. [PMID: 28119605 PMCID: PMC5223292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide are the main bioactive polyphenols in agrimony with well-documented antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory potential. We report here for the first time that agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide stimulate the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes through the Nrf2-dependent signaling pathway. Agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide also possess considerable protective activity from oxidative DNA damage. In order to explore the cytoprotective potential of agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide on oxidative stress in liver, we developed an oxidative stress model in HepG2 cells, and check the hypothesis whether Nrf2 pathway is involved. Western blotting and luciferase assay revealed that exposure of HepG2 cells to agrimonolide or desmethylagrimonolide leads to increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by activating ARE through induction of Nrf2 and suppression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Moreover, agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide also activated ERK signaling pathways and significantly attenuated individual p38 MAPK expression, subsequently leading to Nrf2 nuclear translocation. In conclusion, our results indicated that transcriptional activation of Nrf2/ARE is critical in agrimonolide and desmethylagrimonolide-mediated HO-1 induction, which can be regulated partially by the blockade of p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Kalin Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of MacauTaipa, Macau
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Teng H, Chen L, Fang T, Yuan B, Lin Q. Rb2 inhibits α-glucosidase and regulates glucose metabolism by activating AMPK pathways in HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Digestion property and synergistic effect on biological activity of purple rice ( Oryza sativa L.) anthocyanins subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Food Res Int 2015; 78:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Chen L, Kang YH. Antioxidant Activities of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb: In Vitro Comparative Activities of Its Different Fractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2014.27.6.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Ren DB, Qin YH, Yun YH, Lu HM, Chen XQ, Liang YZ. Separation of nine compounds from Salvia plebeia R.Br. using two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography with different elution modes. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2118-25. [PMID: 24854200 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine compounds were successfully separated from Salvia plebeia R.Br. using two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography with three elution modes. Elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography was applied in the first step, while classical counter-current chromatography and recycling counter-current chromatography were used in the second step. Three solvent systems, n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (4:6.5:3:7, v/v), methyl tert-butyl ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/methanol/water (6:4:1:2:8, v/v) and n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5.5:5:5, v/v) were screened and optimized for the two-step separation. The separation yielded nine compounds, including caffeic acid (1), 6-hydroxyluteuolin-7-glucoside (2), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone-7-glucoside (3), nepitrin (4), rosmarinic acid (5), homoplantaginin (6), nepetin (7), hispidulin (8), and 5,6,7,4'-tertrahydroxyflavone (9). To the best of our knowledge, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone-7-glucoside and 5,6,7,4'-tertrahydroxyflavone have been separated from Salvia plebeia R.Br. for the first time. The purities and structures of these compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that high-speed counter-current chromatography is a useful and flexible tool for the separation of components from a complex sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bing Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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