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Cai Z, Wei Y, Shi A, Zhong J, Rao P, Wang Q, Zhang H. Correlation between interfacial layer properties and physical stability of food emulsions: current trends, challenges, strategies, and further perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102863. [PMID: 36868168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems that tend to separate into two immiscible phases over time. The interfacial layer formed by the emulsifiers adsorbed at the oil-water interface plays an important role in the emulsion stability. The interfacial layer properties of emulsion droplets have been considered the cutting-in points that influence emulsion stability, a traditional motif of physical chemistry and colloid chemistry of particular significance in relation to the food science and technology sector. Although many attempts have shown that high interfacial viscoelasticity may contribute to long-term emulsion stability, a universal relationship for all cases between the interfacial layer features at the microscopic scale and the bulk physical stability of the emulsion at the macroscopic scale remains to be established. Not only that, but integrating the cognition from different scales of emulsions and establishing a unified single model to fill the gap in awareness between scales also remain challenging. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the general science of emulsion stability with a peculiar focus on interfacial layer characteristics in relation to the formation and stabilization of food emulsions, where the natural origin and edible safety of emulsifiers and stabilizers are highly requested. This review begins with a general overview of the construction and destruction of interfacial layers in emulsions to highlight the most important physicochemical characteristics of interfacial layers (formation kinetics, surface load, interactions among adsorbed emulsifiers, thickness and structure, and shear and dilatational rheology), and their roles in controlling emulsion stability. Subsequently, the structural effects of a series of typically dietary emulsifiers (small-molecule surfactants,proteins, polysaccharides, protein-polysaccharide complexes, and particles) on oil-water interfaces in food emulsions are emphasized. Finally, the main protocols developed for modifying the structural characteristics of adsorbed emulsifiers at multiple scales and improving the stability of emulsions are highlighted. Overall, this paper aims to comprehensively study the literature findings in the past decade and find out the commonality of multi-scale structures of emulsifiers, so as to deeply understand the common characteristics and emulsification stability behaviour of adsorption emulsifiers with different interfacial layer structures. It is difficult to say that there has been significant progress in the underlying principles and technologies in the general science of emulsion stability over the last decade or two. However, the correlation between interfacial layer properties and physical stability of food emulsions promotes revealing the role of interfacial rheological properties in emulsion stability, providing guidance on controlling the bulk properties by tuning the interfacial layer functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Cai
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China..
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Structure of heteroxylans from vitreous and floury endosperms of maize grain and impact on the enzymatic degradation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118942. [PMID: 34973760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heteroxylans (HX) from vitreous and floury parts of maize endosperm were isolated. Structural analysis showed a xylan backbone with few unsubstituted xylose residues (<9%) demonstrating the high content in side chains in both fractions. HX from floury endosperm contained more arabinose and galactose than vitreous HX. The mono-substitution rate was 15% higher in the vitreous endosperm HX. Similar amounts of uronic acids were present in both fractions (~7% DM). Galactose in the floury endosperm HX was present exclusively in terminal position. A xylanase preparation solubilized more material from floury (40.5%) than from vitreous endosperm cell walls (15%). This could be a consequence of the structural differences between the two fractions and/or of the impact of structure on the interaction abilities of these fractions with other cell wall polysaccharides. Our study advances the understanding of cell wall polysaccharides in maize endosperm and their role in enzymatic susceptibility of maize grain.
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Cui F, Zhao S, Guan X, McClements DJ, Liu X, Liu F, Ngai T. Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions: Formation, stabilization and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Holistic review of corn fiber gum: Structure, properties, and potential applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Nevara GA, Muhammad SKS, Zawawi N, Mustapha NA, Karim R. Dietary Fiber: Fractionation, Characterization and Potential Sources from Defatted Oilseeds. Foods 2021; 10:754. [PMID: 33918108 PMCID: PMC8066650 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) has wide applications, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its health-promoting effects and potential techno-functional properties in developing functional food products. There is a growing interest in studies related to DF; nevertheless, there is less focus on the fractionation and characterization of DF. The characteristics of DF fractions explain their functionality in food products and provide clues to their physiological effects in food and pharmaceutical industrial applications. The review focuses on a brief introduction to DF and methods for its fractionation. It discusses the characterization of DF in terms of structural, physicochemical and rheological properties. The potential sources of DF from selected defatted oilseeds for future studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Addelia Nevara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.A.N.); (S.K.S.M.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, Universitas Mohammad Natsir Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat 26100, Indonesia
| | - Sharifah Kharidah Syed Muhammad
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.A.N.); (S.K.S.M.); (N.Z.)
| | - Norhasnida Zawawi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (G.A.N.); (S.K.S.M.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nor Afizah Mustapha
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Roselina Karim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Yan J, Jia X, Yan W, Yin L. Double-Network Hydrogels of Corn Fiber Gum and Soy Protein Isolate: Effect of Biopolymer Constituents and pH Values on Textural Properties and Microstructures. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020356. [PMID: 33562383 PMCID: PMC7915334 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn fiber gum (CFG) -soy protein isolate (SPI) double-network (DN) hydrogels were fabricated using laccase and a heat treatment process, in which CFG solution formed the first gel network via laccase oxidation, while SPI formed the second network through heating, as described in our previous research. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of CFG/SPI constituents (CFG concentration 0-3%, w/v; SPI concentration 8-10%, w/v) and pH values (5.0-7.5) on the textural properties, microstructures and water-holding capacities (WHC) of the CFG-SPI DN hydrogels. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) results showed an apparent phase separation when the CFG concentration was above 1% (w/v). The textural characteristics and WHC of most DN hydrogels were enhanced with increasing concentrations of CFG and SPI. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the microstructures of DN hydrogels were converted from coarse and irregular to smooth and ordered as pH values increased from 5.0 to 7.5. Excellent textural properties and WHC were observed at pH 7.0. This study developed various CFG-SPI DN hydrogels with diverse textures and structures, governed by the concentrations of protein/polysaccharide and pH values, and also contributes to the understanding of gum-protein interactions in DN hydrogels obtained under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lijun Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737424
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Ma F, Li X, Yin J, Ma L, Li D. Optimisation of double-enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from fresh corn fibre. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:4649-4659. [PMID: 33087976 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylans (AXs) is an attractive and environmentally friendly extraction option, in which technical considerations (yield and purity) have been coupled with environmental concerns. Amano HC 90 and Cellulase were combined to evaluate their interactive effects on AX extraction from destarched, deproteinised bran (DSDPB). A response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The experimental data fit well with the predicted values and the model adequately represented the actual relationship among the measured parameters. The extraction yield and AX content in the extract under optimal conditions (double-enzyme dose of 920 U/g, pH of 3.0, extraction temperature of 35.0 °C; extraction time of 6 h; and DSDPB to liquid ratio of 1:30) were 40.73 ± 0.09% and 75.88 ± 0.11%, respectively. The double-enzymatic extraction method of AX from fresh corn fibre was more efficient than the chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
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Qiu S, Yadav MP, Chau HK, Yin L. Physicochemical characterization and rheological behavior of hemicelluloses isolated from sorghum bran, sorghum bagasse and sorghum biomass. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Emulsification of oil-in-water emulsions with eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 563:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Dimopoulou M, Kontogiorgos V. Soluble dietary fibres from sugarcane bagasse. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimopoulou
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
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Kaur A, Yadav MP, Singh B, Bhinder S, Simon S, Singh N. Isolation and characterization of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and study of their contribution to wheat flour dough rheology. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:166-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Polysaccharides at fluid interfaces of food systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:28-37. [PMID: 31158575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of next generation polysaccharides with interfacial properties is driven by the need to create high performance surfactants that operate at extreme environments, as for example in complex food formulations or in the gastrointestinal tract. The present review examines the behaviour of polysaccharides at fluid food interfaces focusing on their performance in the absence of any other intentionally added interfacially active components. Relevant theoretical principles of colloidal stabilisation using concepts that have been developed for synthetic polymers at interfaces are firstly introduced. The role of protein that in most cases is present in polysaccharide preparations either as contaminant or as integral part of the structure is also discussed. Critical assessment of the literature reveals that although protein may contribute to emulsion formation mostly as an anchor for polysaccharides to attach, it is not the determinant factor for the long-term emulsion stability, irrespectively of polysaccharide structure. Interfacial performance of key polysaccharides is also assessed revealing shared characteristics in their modes of adsorption. Conformation of polysaccharides, as affected by the composition of the aqueous solvent needs to be closely controlled, as it seems to be the underlying fundamental cause of stabilisation events and appears to be more important than the constituent polysaccharide sugar-monomers. Finally, polysaccharide adsorption is better understood by regarding them as copolymers, as this approach may assist to better control their properties with the aim to create the next generation biosurfactants.
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Hay WT, Fanta GF, Felker FC, Peterson SC, Skory CD, Hojilla-Evangelista MP, Biresaw G, Selling GW. Emulsification properties of amylose-fatty sodium salt inclusion complexes. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Martínez-López A, Carvajal-Millan E, Sotelo-Cruz N, Micard V, Rascón-Chu A, López-Franco Y, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Canett-Romero R. Enzymatically cross-linked arabinoxylan microspheres as oral insulin delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:952-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Mendez-Encinas MA, Carvajal-Millan E, Yadav MP, López-Franco YL, Rascon-Chu A, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Brown-Bojorquez F, Silva-Campa E, Pedroza-Montero M. Partial removal of protein associated with arabinoxylans: Impact on the viscoelasticity, crosslinking content, and microstructure of the gels formed. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Mendez-Encinas
- Laboratory of Biopolymers, CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD; A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Laboratory of Biopolymers, CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD; A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Madhav P. Yadav
- Sustainable Biofuels and Coproducts Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center; Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor Pennsylvania 19038
| | - Yolanda L. López-Franco
- Laboratory of Biopolymers, CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD; A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, CTAOV; Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD; A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Biopolymers, CTAOA, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD; A.C. Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304 Mexico
| | - Francisco Brown-Bojorquez
- Department of Polymers and Materials; University of Sonora; Rosales y Blvd. Luis D. Colosio, Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- Department of Physics Research; University of Sonora; Rosales y Blvd. Luis D. Colosio, Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
| | - Martín Pedroza-Montero
- Department of Physics Research; University of Sonora; Rosales y Blvd. Luis D. Colosio, Hermosillo Sonora 83000 Mexico
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Kang J, Guo Q, Shi YC. Molecular and conformational properties of hemicellulose fiber gum from dried distillers grains with solubles. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Yadav MP, Hicks KB. Isolation, characterization and functionalities of bio-fiber gums isolated from grain processing by-products, agricultural residues and energy crops. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Kale MS, Yadav MP, Chau HK, Hotchkiss AT. Molecular and functional properties of a xylanase hydrolysate of corn bran arabinoxylan. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:119-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hay WT, Vaughn SF, Byars JA, Selling GW, Holthaus DM, Price NPJ. Physical, Rheological, Functional, and Film Properties of a Novel Emulsifier: Frost Grape Polysaccharide from Vitis riparia Michx. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8754-8762. [PMID: 28899096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel emulsifier, Frost grape polysaccharide (FGP), isolated from natural exudate of the species Vitis riparia Michx, was physically and rheologically characterized. The determination of the physical, structural, thermodynamic, emulsification, film, and rheological properties of FGP provide essential details for the commercial adoption of this novel plant polysaccharide. FGP is capable of producing exceptionally stable emulsions when compared with the industrially ubiquitous gum arabic (GA). The FGP isolate contained a negligible amount of nitrogen (0.03%), indicating that it does not contain an associated glycoprotein, unlike GA. Solutions of FGP have a high degree of thermostability, displaying no loss in viscosity with temperature cycling and no thermal degradation when held at 90 °C. FGP is an excellent film former, producing high tensile strength films which remain intact at temperatures up to 200 °C. This work identified a number of potential food and pharmaceutical applications where FGP is significantly superior to GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Hay
- Plant Polymer Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Steven F Vaughn
- Functional Foods Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Byars
- Functional Foods Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Gordon W Selling
- Plant Polymer Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Derek M Holthaus
- TIC Gums Inc. , 10552 Philadelphia Road, White Marsh, Maryland 21162, United States
| | - Neil P J Price
- Renewable Product Technology Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research , 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
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Bai L, Liu F, Xu X, Huan S, Gu J, McClements DJ. Impact of polysaccharide molecular characteristics on viscosity enhancement and depletion flocculation. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Bai L, Huan S, Li Z, McClements DJ. Comparison of emulsifying properties of food-grade polysaccharides in oil-in-water emulsions: Gum arabic, beet pectin, and corn fiber gum. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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McClements DJ, Bai L, Chung C. Recent Advances in the Utilization of Natural Emulsifiers to Form and Stabilize Emulsions. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:205-236. [PMID: 28125353 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Consumer concern about human and environmental health is encouraging food manufacturers to use more natural and sustainable food ingredients. In particular, there is interest in replacing synthetic ingredients with natural ones, and in replacing animal-based ingredients with plant-based ones. This article provides a review of the various types of natural emulsifiers with potential application in the food industry, including phospholipids, biosurfactants, proteins, polysaccharides, and natural colloidal particles. Increased utilization of natural emulsifiers in food products may lead to a healthier and more sustainable food supply. However, more research is needed to identify, isolate, and characterize new sources of commercially viable natural emulsifiers suitable for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01060; .,College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheryl Chung
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01060;
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Natural emulsifiers - Biosurfactants, phospholipids, biopolymers, and colloidal particles: Molecular and physicochemical basis of functional performance. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 234:3-26. [PMID: 27181392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing consumer pressure for commercial products that are more natural, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, including foods, cosmetics, detergents, and personal care products. Industry has responded by trying to identify natural alternatives to synthetic functional ingredients within these products. The focus of this review article is on the replacement of synthetic surfactants with natural emulsifiers, such as amphiphilic proteins, polysaccharides, biosurfactants, phospholipids, and bioparticles. In particular, the physicochemical basis of emulsion formation and stabilization by natural emulsifiers is discussed, and the benefits and limitations of different natural emulsifiers are compared. Surface-active polysaccharides typically have to be used at relatively high levels to produce small droplets, but the droplets formed are highly resistant to environmental changes. Conversely, surface-active proteins are typically utilized at low levels, but the droplets formed are highly sensitive to changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Certain phospholipids are capable of producing small oil droplets during homogenization, but again the droplets formed are highly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Biosurfactants (saponins) can be utilized at low levels to form fine oil droplets that remain stable over a range of environmental conditions. Some nature-derived nanoparticles (e.g., cellulose, chitosan, and starch) are effective at stabilizing emulsions containing relatively large oil droplets. Future research is encouraged to identify, isolate, purify, and characterize new types of natural emulsifier, and to test their efficacy in food, cosmetic, detergent, personal care, and other products.
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Yadav MP, Hicks KB. Isolation of barley hulls and straw constituents and study of emulsifying properties of their arabinoxylans. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Price NPJ, Vermillion KE, Eller FJ, Vaughn SF. Frost Grape Polysaccharide (FGP), an Emulsion-Forming Arabinogalactan Gum from the Stems of Native North American Grape Species Vitis riparia Michx. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7286-7293. [PMID: 26234618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the North American grape species Vitis riparia (Frost grape). The sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-Araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-Galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (GlcA, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. Permethylation identified 3-linked Galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with Galp or Manp, terminal Araf and Xylp, and an internal 3-substituted Araf. NMR (HSQC, TOCSY, HMBC, DOSY) identified βGalp and three αAraf spin systems, in an Araf-α1,3-Araf-α1,2-Araf-α1,2-Galp structural motif. Diffusion-ordered NMR showed that the FGP has a molecular weight of 1-10 MDa. Unlike gum arabic, the FGP does not contain a hydroxyproline-rich protein (HPRP). FGP forms stable gels at >15% w/v and at 1-12% solutions are viscous and are excellent emulsifiers of flavoring oils (grapefruit, clove, and lemongrass), giving stable emulsions for ≥72 h. Lower concentrations (0.1% w/v) were less viscous, yet still gave stable grapefruit oil/water emulsions. Hence, FGP is a β1,3-linked arabinogalactan with potential as a gum arabic replacement in the food and beverage industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P J Price
- †Renewable Product Technology and ‡Functional Foods Research Units, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Karl E Vermillion
- †Renewable Product Technology and ‡Functional Foods Research Units, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Fred J Eller
- †Renewable Product Technology and ‡Functional Foods Research Units, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
| | - Steven F Vaughn
- †Renewable Product Technology and ‡Functional Foods Research Units, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, United States
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Kale MS, Yadav MP, Hicks KB, Hanah K. Concentration and shear rate dependence of solution viscosity for arabinoxylans from different sources. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Extraction and modification technology of arabinoxylans from cereal by-products: A critical review. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Selective isolation of β-glucan from corn pericarp hemicelluloses by affinity chromatography on cellulose column. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:538-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang A, Wu L, Li X. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted preparation of dietary fiber from corn pericarp using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2922-2926. [PMID: 23519572 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn pericarp, which is an industrial waste of corn starch production, is an important source of dietary fiber in cereals, with claimed health benefits. However, they used to be discarded or utilized as animal feed. The application of pre-ultrasound treatment is critical for achieving rapid preparation of desired components from plant materials and for preserving structural and molecular properties of these compounds. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation was used to produce dietary fiber from corn pericarp using response surface methodology. RESULTS The optimal particle size of corn pericarp (mesh size 40), the ratio of liquid to solid (25 mL g⁻¹), ultrasonic power (180 W) and ultrasonic time (80 min) were determined based on response surface methodology analysis. The interaction effects of particle size of corn pericarp and ultrasonic time had a highlysignificant effect on the yield of dietary fiber, and a significant effect was shown by ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time. CONCLUSION The maximum yield of dietary fiber was 86.84%, which agreed closely with the predicted value. Using ultrasonic-assisted preparation, it may be possible to enhance the yield of dietary fiber from corn pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou , Henan Province 450001, China
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Yoshida T, Tsubaki S, Teramoto Y, Azuma JI. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of carbohydrates from industrial waste of corn starch production using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:7820-7826. [PMID: 20542685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied for production of carbohydrates mainly consisting of arabinoxylan from corn pericarp which is an industrial waste of corn starch production by using hot compressed water as a solvent. The solubilization rate increased with increase in heating temperature and reached 75.2% at 220 °C. The main extracted materials were carbohydrates consist of glucose, xylose and arabinose indicating solubilization of starch and hemicellulose, while residues were composed of cellulose. Four independent variables (heating temperature, come-up time, heating time and solid to liquid ratio) were optimized for maximizing the carbohydrates yield using the response surface methodology including fractional factorial design, the path of steepest ascent and central composite design. The optimized condition was as follows; heating temperature 176.5 °C, come-up time 2 min, heating time 16 min and solid to liquid ratio 1/20 (g/mL), respectively. The maximal yield attained 70.8% of carbohydrates with predominant production of xylo-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshida
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Yadav MP, Parris N, Johnston DB, Onwulata CI, Hicks KB. Corn fiber gum and milk protein conjugates with improved emulsion stability. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yadav MP, Johnston DB, Hicks KB. Corn fiber gum: New structure/function relationships for this potential beverage flavor stabilizer. Food Hydrocoll 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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