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Popov LD, Borodkin SA, Kiskin MA, Pavlov AA, Knyazev PA, Chernyavina VV, Shcherbakov IN. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cobalt(III) Chelate with Tridentate Azomethine Ligand Containing a Benzimidazole Moiety. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Popov LD, Borodkin SA, Revinskii YV, Shcherbakov IN, Vlasenko VG, Levchenkov SI. Synthesis and Selected Properties of Novel Metal Complexes with Bis-Azomethine Based on 7-Hydroxy-4-methyl-8-formylcoumarin and 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Nguyen YH, Lampkin BJ, Venkatesh A, Ellern A, Rossini AJ, VanVeller B. Open-Resonance-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds and Competing Quasiaromaticity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9850-9857. [PMID: 30024169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The delocalization of electron density upon tautomerization of a proton across a conjugated bridge can alter the strength of hydrogen bonds. This effect has been dubbed resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB) and plays a major role in the energetics of the tautomeric equilibrium. The goal of this work was to investigate the role that π-delocalization plays in the stability of RAHBs by engaging other isomerization processes. Similarly, acid-base chemistry has received little experimental attention in studies of RAHB, and we address the role that acid-base effects play in the tautomeric equilibrium. We find that π-delocalization and the disruption of adjacent aromatic rings is the dominant effect in determining the stability of a RAHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Bryan J Lampkin
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ame , Iowa 50011 , United States
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4
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Popov LD, Borodkin SA, Vasil’chenko IS, Vlasenko VG, Borodkin GS, Zubavichus YV, Levchenkov SI, Tupolova YP, Revinskii YV, Shcherbakov IN. New Tridentate Schiff Base, Product of Condensation of 4-Methyl-7-hydroxy-8-formylcoumarin and N-Aminomercaptotriazole: Synthesis, Structure, and Complex Formation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Qiu H, Arman H, Hu W, Doyle MP. Intramolecular cycloaddition/rearrangement cascade from gold(iii)-catalysed reactions of propargyl aryldiazoesters with cinnamyl imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12828-12831. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surprising rearrangement of dihydroazepinyl aryldiazoacetates from a gold-catalysed [4+3]-cycloaddition to conjugated cycloheptene-1,4-dione-enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
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6
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Sen P, Yildiz SZ, Tuna M, Canlica M. Preparation of aldehyde substituted phthalocyanines with improved yield and their use for Schiff base metal complex formation. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Ortegón-Reyna D, Garcías-Morales C, Padilla-Martínez I, García-Báez E, Aríza-Castolo A, Peraza-Campos A, Martínez-Martínez F. NMR structural study of the prototropic equilibrium in solution of Schiff bases as model compounds. Molecules 2013; 19:459-81. [PMID: 24384925 PMCID: PMC6271073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An NMR titration method has been used to simultaneously measure the acid dissociation constant (pKa) and the intramolecular NHO prototropic constant ΔKNHO on a set of Schiff bases. The model compounds were synthesized from benzylamine and substituted ortho-hydroxyaldehydes, appropriately substituted with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to modulate the acidity of the intramolecular NHO hydrogen bond. The structure in solution was established by 1H-, 13C- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical parameters of the intramolecular NHO hydrogen bond (pKa, ΔKNHO and ΔΔG°) were obtained from 1H-NMR titration data and pH measurements. The Henderson-Hasselbalch data analysis indicated that the systems are weakly acidic, and the predominant NHO equilibrium was established using Polster-Lachmann δ-diagram analysis and Perrin model data linearization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortegón-Reyna
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Cesar Garcías-Morales
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Itzia Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Efren García-Báez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Armando Aríza-Castolo
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Ana Peraza-Campos
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima 28400, Mexico.
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8
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Zhang B, Xiao T, Liu C, Li Q, Zhu Y, Tang M, Du C, Song M. Systematic Study of the Luminescent Europium-Based Nonanuclear Clusters with Modified 2-Hydroxybenzophenone Ligands. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13332-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Du
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Maoping Song
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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9
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Quandt G, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Synthesis and evaluation of N-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives with an unsymmetrical bis-aromatic residue attached to a vinyl ether spacer as potential GABA uptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3363-78. [PMID: 23598250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). A malfunction of the GABAergic neurotransmission is connected to several neuronal disorders like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. One possibility to enhance GABA levels in the synaptic cleft is to inhibit mGAT1, one of the four known plasma membrane bound GABA transporters, which is considered the most important GABA transporter subtype, being in charge of the removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft after a neuronal impulse. Lipophilic derivatives of nipecotic acid like Tiagabine (Gabitril®), an approved drug used in add-on therapy of epilepsy, are known to inhibit uptake of mGAT1 with high subtype selectivity and affinity. We synthesized new N-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives with a vinyl ether spacer and an unsymmetrical bis-aromatic residue, which carries fluorine substituents at various positions of the aromatic ring-system. The new compounds were characterized with respect to their potency and subtype selectivity as mGAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Quandt
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Butenandtstr. 7, 81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Combinatorial synthesis of chemical building blocks 1. Azomethines. Mol Divers 2012; 16:625-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Krishnan P, Advani SG, Prasad AK. A functional monomer to synthesize sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with sulfonic acid group in the pendant side chain. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Minkin VI, Tsukanov AV, Dubonosov AD, Bren VA. Tautomeric Schiff bases: Iono-, solvato-, thermo- and photochromism. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Simplício AL, Clancy JM, Gilmer JF. Prodrugs for amines. Molecules 2008; 13:519-47. [PMID: 18463563 PMCID: PMC6245426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to review the published strategies for the production of prodrugs of amines. The review is divided in two main groups of approaches: those that rely on enzymatic activation and those that take advantage of physiological chemical conditions for release of the drugs. A compilation of the most important approaches is presented in the form of a table, where the main advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are also referred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Simplício
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República – EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- IBET, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
| | - John M. Clancy
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; E-mails: ;
| | - John F. Gilmer
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; E-mails: ;
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14
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Krygowski TM, Zachara-Horeglad JE, Palusiak M, Pelloni S, Lazzeretti P. Relation between pi-electron localization/delocalization and H-bond strength in derivatives of omicron-hydroxy-schiff bases. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2138-45. [PMID: 18303912 DOI: 10.1021/jo7023174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detailed investigations of electronic effects taking place within the molecular system of o-hydroxy Schiff bases have been performed. The analysis of geometry, local and global aromaticity, selected AIM-based parameters, and finally, pi-electron currents induced in the systems under consideration have been performed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level of theory. The relation between localization/delocalization of pi-electrons within the whole system has been described. It has been shown that the character of the bond which is common to the phenylic ring and the quasi-ring formed as a result of H-bond formation has a crucial impact on the strength of H-bonding. The strongest H-bonds can be observed for the systems in which the sequence of formally single and double bonds within the H-bridged quasi-ring enable a pi-electronic coupling. These observations indicate that pi-electron effects play a fundamental role in the stabilization of the hydrogen bridge within omicron-hydroxy Schiff bases. Analysis of pi-ring currents induced by a magnetic field perpendicular to the molecular plane of selected analyzed systems confirms these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Gilmer JF, Simplício AL, Clancy JM. A new amino-masking group capable of pH-triggered amino-drug release. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 24:315-23. [PMID: 15734298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The prodrug approach is potentially useful for mitigating pharmaceutical problems--such as poor membrane permeability or stability--which commonly occur with amino drugs. On the other hand there persists a dearth of useful systems for masking amines that satisfy the prodrug requirements of good in vitro stability coupled with predictable and rapid drug release in response to a local tissue condition. This study describes an evaluation of aminoindanes as bioreversibly masked amines poised to undergo elimination to the parent amine. Several model amine and amino drug indanone derivatives were synthesised. pK(a) values were determined by capillary electrophoresis and pH rate profiles for elimination and amine liberation were measured. The aminoindanone system appears to have particular applicability to secondary amino substrates whose indanone derivatives are stable at low pH but undergo drug release at rates corresponding to first-order half-lives of <5 min at pH 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Gilmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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16
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17
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Filarowski A, Koll A, Rospenk M, Krol-Starzomska I, Hansen PE. Tautomerism of Sterically Hindered Schiff Bases. Deuterium Isotope Effects on13C Chemical Shifts. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4464-73. [PMID: 16833782 DOI: 10.1021/jp0445977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of sterically hindered o-hydroxy Schiff bases derived from o-hydroxyaceto- and benzophenones with very short intramolecular hydrogen bonds were described qualitative and quantitatively by deuterium isotope effects on (13)C chemical shift, (n)DeltaC(XD), (n)DeltaF(XD), (1)J(N,H) coupling constants, deltaNCH(3) chemical shifts and UV spectra. All the investigated compounds are found to be tautomeric. The tautomeric character is described by the signs of the deuterium isotope effects on the (13)C chemical shifts. For the 3-nitro-5-chloro derivatives at low temperature, the equilibrium is shifted almost fully toward the proton transferred form in CD(2)Cl(2). Intrinsic deuterium isotope effects on chemical shifts of these compounds as well as (1)J(N,H) coupling constants suggest that a zwitterionic resonance form is dominant for the proton transferred form. Structures, (1)H, (19)F, and (13)C chemical shifts, and deuterium isotope effects on (13)C chemical shifts are calculated by ab initio methods. The potential energy functions and the total deuterium isotope effects are calculated, and they are shown to correspond well with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Str., 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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18
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Leurs R, Bakker RA, Timmerman H, de Esch IJP. The histamine H3 receptor: from gene cloning to H3 receptor drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4:107-20. [PMID: 15665857 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the cloning of the histamine H(3) receptor cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg and co-workers, this histamine receptor has gained the interest of many pharmaceutical companies as a potential drug target for the treatment of various important disorders, including obesity, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, as well as for myocardial ischaemia, migraine and inflammatory diseases. Here, we discuss relevant information on this target protein and describe the development of various H(3) receptor agonists and antagonists, and their effects in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cannon KE, Nalwalk JW, Stadel R, Ge P, Lawson D, Silos-Santiago I, Hough LB. Activation of spinal histamine H3 receptors inhibits mechanical nociception. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 470:139-47. [PMID: 12798951 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a possible pain-modulatory role for histamine H(3) receptors, but the localization of these receptors and nature of this modulation is not clear. In order to explore the role of spinal histamine H(3) receptors in the inhibition of nociception, the effects of systemically (subcutaneous, s.c.) and intrathecally (i.t.) administered histamine H(3) receptor agonists were studied in rats and mice. Immepip (5 mg/kg, s.c.) produced robust antinociception in rats on a mechanical (tail pinch) test but did not alter nociceptive responses on a thermal (tail flick) test. In contrast, this treatment in mice (immepip, 5 and 30 mg/kg, s.c.) did not change either mechanically or thermally evoked nociceptive responses. When administered directly into the spinal subarachnoid space, immepip (15-50 microg, i.t.) and R-alpha-methylhistamine (50 microg, i.t.) had no effect in rats on the tail flick and hot plate tests, but produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition (90-100%) of nociceptive responses on the tail pinch test. This attenuation was blocked by administration of thioperamide (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a histamine H(3) receptor antagonist. Intrathecally administered thioperamide also reversed antinociceptive responses induced by systemically administered immepip, which demonstrates a spinal site of action for the histamine H(3) receptor agonist. In addition, intrathecally administered immepip (25 microg) produced maximal antinociception on the tail pinch test in wild type, but not in histamine H(3) receptor knockout (H(3)KO) mice. These findings demonstrate an antinociceptive role for spinal histamine H(3) receptors. Further studies are needed to confirm the existence of modality-specific (i.e. mechanical vs. thermal) inhibition of nociception by these receptors, and to assess the efficacy of spinally delivered histamine H(3) receptor agonists for the treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri E Cannon
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, 47 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12206, USA
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Stark H, Arrang JM, Ligneau X, Garbarg M, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. The histamine H3 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:279-308. [PMID: 11774797 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Stark H, Krause M, Rouleau A, Garbarg M, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. Enzyme-catalyzed prodrug approaches for the histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:191-8. [PMID: 11197341 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five novel prodrug types of the potent and selective histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1) were prepared and pharmacologically tested in vitro as well as in vivo. In particular, an amide of fatty acid, mono- and dicarbamates, an (acyloxy)alkylcarbamate, and a diphthalidyl derivative were synthesized, all of which require initial prodrug activation through an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in contrast to formerly developed azomethine prodrugs which are cleaved by chemical hydrolysis only. Further drug liberation may ensue spontaneously in a cascade to give 1. Since they have diverse stabilities the prodrugs were investigated for drug liberation in vitro under neutral, acidic, and basic conditions at different temperatures as well as with liver homogenates. In vivo investigation of prodrugs after oral administration to mice proved that the fatty amide 2, the Nalpha-methylcarbamate 4a, and the Nalpha-(1-(acetyloxy)ethylcarbamate) 5 showed moderate to high plasma levels of 1. Compound 5 displayed even more than 2.5 times the AUC for 1 than that of the reference azomethine prodrug BP2.94 in the periphery and also displayed a detectable drug level in the central nervous system. It was shown that prodrug approaches based on an initial enzyme-catalyzed liberation step are successfully applicable to different pro-moieties for improved bioavailability and prolonged half-live. These approaches may also be used for other aminergic compounds of this class to optimize pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- lnstitut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Andreani A, Rambaldi M, Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Traniello S, Cariani A, Rizzuti O, Spisani S. 6-(Hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents: Effects on Human Neutrophil Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 6-(hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles related to levamisole from the corresponding methoxy derivatives is reported. These compounds were tested on in vitro neutrophil activation, namely locomotion induced by chemoattractants, superoxide generation and lysozyme degranulation triggered by agonists. These functions were evaluated after cell pulse with different concentrations of the drugs. Several derivatives showed significant inhibitory effects, in some cases more potent than the parent compound.
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Sasse A, Stark H, Reidemeister S, Hüls A, Elz S, Ligneau X, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. Novel partial agonists for the histamine H(3) receptor with high in vitro and in vivo activity. J Med Chem 1999; 42:4269-74. [PMID: 10514298 DOI: 10.1021/jm991068w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel branched N-alkylcarbamates and aliphatic ethers derived from 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanol were prepared. The compounds were investigated on two functional histamine H(3)-receptor assays. Some compounds displayed partial agonist activity on synaptosomes of rat brain cortex but behaved as pure competitive antagonists on the guinea pig ileum. Under in vivo conditions after po application to mice, some of the compounds showed partial or full agonist activity. Highest in vivo potency was found for the 3,3-dimethylbutyl ether 10 (ED(50) = 0.29 mg/kg, full intrinsic activity). These novel agonists are structurally diverse from classical aminergic histamine H(3)-receptor agonists (e.g., (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, imetit) as they lack a basic moiety in the side chain, which is supposed to be important for the activation of the receptor protein. The selectivity for the histamine H(3) receptor was proven by determination of H(1)- and H(2)-receptor activity on functional assays of the guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasse
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Kozutsumi D, Kawashima A, Sugimoto T, Kotohda Y, Fujimori S, Takami M, Kohno T, Oikawa T, Sugino E, Choshi T, Hibino S. Pharmacokinetics of 9alpha-fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate in rats: comparison with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1999; 20:277-84. [PMID: 10701698 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199909)20:6<277::aid-bdd186>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is widely used in endocrine therapy for breast cancer and other diseases. Recently, it has been demonstrated that 9alpha-fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate (FMPA) also has anti-tumour activity in chemical-induced rat mammary tumour and its activity is greater than that of MPA. In the present study, the physico-chemical properties of FMPA and MPA and their pharmacokinetics in female rats were investigated. Partition coefficients (log P) of FMPA and MPA were 3.1 and 3.8, respectively, while the solubilities of FMPA and MPA in phosphate buffer saline were 3.8 and 1.1 microg/mL, respectively. When the two agents were intravenously or orally administered into female rats, there was no significant difference between their plasma concentrations. However, unmetabolized drug excreted into urine accounted for 4.7 and 0.7% of the intravenous dose of FMPA and MPA, respectively. The free fraction of FMPA in rat plasma was approximately four times that of MPA. Assuming the well-stirred model, hepatic intrinsic clearances of FMPA and MPA were estimated to be 64 and 293 L/h per kg, respectively. In addition, the free fraction of FMPA in blood is estimated to be higher than that of MPA, which may explain the higher anti-tumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kozutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Meiji Milk Products Company, Limited, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
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26
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Leurs R, Blandina P, Tedford C, Timmerman H. Therapeutic potential of histamine H3 receptor agonists and antagonists. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998; 19:177-83. [PMID: 9652190 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor was discovered 15 years ago, and many potent and selective H3 receptor agonists and antagonists have since been developed. Currently, much attention is being focused on the therapeutic potential of H3 receptor ligands. In this review, Rob Leurs, Patrizio Blandina, Clark Tedford and Henk Timmerman describe the available H3 receptor agonists and antagonists and their effects in a variety of pharmacological models in vitro and in vivo. The possible therapeutic applications of the various compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
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27
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Recent Advances in Histamine H3 Receptor Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)61069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Bertaccini G, Coruzzi G, Poli E. Functional role of histamine H3 receptors in peripheral tissues. PHARMACOCHEMISTRY LIBRARY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(98)80025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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29
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Medicinal chemistry of histamine H3 receptor agonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-7208(98)80030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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30
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Aboul-Fadl T, El Shorbagi AN. New carriers for representative peptides and peptide drugs. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1997; 330:327-32. [PMID: 9431024 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19973301103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
3,5-Disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (THTT) derivatives; 4a-g were prepared and found to be a promising prodrug approach for peptide drugs. The pH profile for their degradation in aqueous buffer solutions was determined using HPLC technique and accounted for, in terms of specific base-catalyzed reactions. All of the compounds however, showed high acid-stability. Enzymatic (human serum) hydrolysis of the different derivatives offered an advantageous range of t1/2's, the property that permits controlling onset and duration of actions of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aboul-Fadl
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Assiut, Egypt
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31
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Krause M, Rouleau A, Stark H, Luger P, Garbarg M, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. New potent azomethine prodrugs of the histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine containing a heteroarylphenyl partial structure. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1996; 329:209-15. [PMID: 8669985 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19963290407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic value of histamine H3-receptor ligands is under current investigation. On the basis of recently described diary limine prodrugs of the histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1) as a series of new azomethine prodrugs containing five- and six-membered heterocycles were synthesized and tested for their in vitro hydrolysis rates and in vivo activity after oral application. It was found that electron-deficient six-membered heterocycles drastically destabilized the imine double bond so that these prodrugs decomposed unsuitably fast. On the contrary, prodrugs containing five-membered heterocycles appeared to be highly effective for the CNS delivery of 1, and a remarkable correlation between chemical structure and pharmacokinetic profile was observed. Particularly (R)-4-fluoro-2-[[N-[1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-propyl]imino] (1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenol (8c), the 2-furanyl analogue 8d, and its 3-furanyl isomer 8e proved to be equipotent to the most potent of recently described halogenated diaryl imine prodrugs of 1. However, in contrast to any other azomethine prodrug, 8c exhibited an incomparably long lasting delivery of 1 in the CNS and can thus be regarded as a 'retard' prodrug. Assuming that a therapeutic indication of histamine H3-receptor agonists will soon be established, these highly potent heteroarylphenyl azomethine prodrugs, which already serve as valuable pharmacological tools, may also become potential drugs in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krause
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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