1
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Sarkar S, Chatterjee R, Pal S, Majee A. Mild, Efficient and Metal‐Free Strategies for Direct Diamination of α, β‐Unsaturated Ketones Using Different Iodine Sources. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Rana Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Satyajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry Visva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
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2
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Hughes EM, Thornton AM, Kerr DM, Smith K, Sanchez C, Kelly JP, Finn DP, Roche M. Kappa Opioid Receptor-mediated Modulation of Social Responding in Adolescent Rats and in Rats Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid. Neuroscience 2020; 444:9-18. [PMID: 32763285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOP) system modulates social play responding, however a paucity of studies have examined effects on social motivation and cognition in the absence of play. Prenatal exposure to the anti-epileptic and mood stabiliser valproic acid (VPA) is associated with impaired social responding and altered gene expression of KOP (oprk1) and dynorphin (pdyn) in several brain regions. The present study examined if pharmacological modulation of KOP altered social motivation and cognition, immediate early gene (IEG) and oprk1-pdyn expression in adolescent male rats and rats prenatally exposed to VPA. In control rats, the KOP antagonist DIPPA enhanced sociability, while both DIPPA and the KOP agonist U50488 decreased social novelty preference. In rats exposed prenatally to VPA, neither U50488 nor DIPPA altered sociability or social novelty preference. Analysis of IEG expression revealed that DIPPA reduced expression of egr-1 expression in the prefrontal cortex of control rats and U50488 increased junb expression in the PFC of both control and VPA-exposed rats. VPA-exposed rats exhibited increased expression of oprk1 and pdyn in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala compared with control rats. DIPPA and U50488 increased oprk1 expression in the amygdala of control rats and decreased oprk1 expression in the prefrontal cortex of VPA-exposed rats. Taken together, these data demonstrate that pharmacological modulation of the KOP system alters social motivation and cognition in control rats, an effect not observed in rats prenatally exposed to VPA. These data provide support that prenatal exposure to VPA is associated with alterations in the expression and functionality of KOP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel M Hughes
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Thornton
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - John P Kelly
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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3
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Liu X, Gao A, Ding L, Xu J, Zhao B. Aminative Umpolung Synthesis of Aryl Vicinal Diamines from Aromatic Aldehydes. Org Lett 2014; 16:2118-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500522d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Liu
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Zhao
- The
Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Malhotra SV, Brown HC. C2-symmetric N,N′-bis(terpenyl)ethylenediamines—synthesis and application in the enantioselective nitroaldol reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene based novel chiral C2-symmetric diamines are synthesized and their utility in enantioselective C–C bond formation has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Current address – Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- Leidos
- Biomedical Research, Inc
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
- Frederick, USA
| | - Herbert C. Brown
- H. C. Brown and R. B. Wethrill Laboratories of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
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5
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Patkar KA, Wu J, Ganno ML, Singh HD, Ross NC, Rasakham K, Toll L, McLaughlin JP. Physical Presence of Nor-Binaltorphimine in Mouse Brain over 21 Days after a Single Administration Corresponds to Its Long-Lasting Antagonistic Effect onκ-Opioid Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:545-54. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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6
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Abstract
κ opioid receptors (KORs) belong to the G-protein-coupled class of receptors (GPCRs). They are activated by the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN) and expressed at particularly high levels within brain areas implicated in modulation of motivation, emotion, and cognitive function. Chronic activation of KORs in animal models has maladaptive effects including increases in behaviors that reflect depression, the propensity to engage in drug-seeking behavior, and drug craving. The fact that KOR activation has such a profound influence on behaviors often triggered by stress has led to interest in selective KOR antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. This Perspective provides a description of preclinical research conducted in the development of several different classes of selective KOR antagonists, a summary of the clinical studies conducted thus far, and recommendations for the type of work needed in the future to determine if these agents would be useful as pharmacotherapies for neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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7
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Chandrasekhar S, Prakash SJ, Shyamsunder T, Ramachandar T. Tantalum (V) Chloride Catalyzed Ring Opening of Aziridines with Aromatic Amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200034759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chandrasekhar
- a Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - S. Jaya Prakash
- a Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - T. Shyamsunder
- a Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - T. Ramachandar
- a Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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8
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Pindi S, Kaur P, Shakya G, Li G. N-Phosphinyl Imine Chemistry (I): Design and Synthesis of Novel N-Phosphinyl Imines and their Application to Asymmetric aza-Henry Reaction. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 77:20-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Kracht D, Rack E, Schepmann D, Fröhlich R, Wünsch B. Stereoselective synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of bicyclic kappa receptor agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:212-25. [PMID: 20024152 DOI: 10.1039/b915180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reductive amination of the bicyclic ketone 4 led diastereoselectively to endo-configured amines, which were transformed into the amides 7-10. The synthesis of the diastereomers 25 with an exo-configured amino moiety at position 6 was only successful after deactivation of both N-atoms of the 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane system. The N-1-oxide 19 with an N-4-tosyl moiety was the crucial intermediate, which allows SN2 substitution with NaN3 under inversion of the configuration at position 6. Whereas the endo-configured pyrrolidine 7a (WMS-1302) revealed a kappa receptor affinity of 73 nM, the exo-configured diastereomer 25a was almost inactive at the kappa receptor (Ki > 1 microM). Replacement of the 3,4-dichlorophenylacetyl residue by other acyl and sulfonyl residues showed that it is essential for high kappa affinity. The kappa receptor affinities of the conformationally constrained pyrrolidines 7a and 25a were correlated with the dihedral angle N(pyrrolidine)-C-C-N(acetamide). A systematic conformational analysis of the potent but flexible kappa agonist 2 showed that a dihedral angle of 168 degrees (as in 25a) is energetically more disfavored than a dihedral angle of 58 degrees (7a). However, even the conformation with a dihedral angle of 58 degrees does not represent an energy minimum, which might explain the reduced kappa affinity of 7a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kracht
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie der Universität Münster, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Han J, Li T, Pan Y, Kattuboina A, Li G. Catalytic Diamination of Alkenes using N,N-Dibromo-p-toluenesulfonamide as Electrophile and Nitriles as Nucleophiles. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 71:71-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Shi Y, Sitkoff D, Zhang J, Han W, Hu Z, Stein PD, Wang Y, Kennedy LJ, O'Connor SP, Ahmad S, Liu ECK, Seiler SM, Lam PYS, Robl JA, Macor JE, Atwal KS, Zahler R. Amino(methyl) pyrrolidines as novel scaffolds for factor Xa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5952-8. [PMID: 17855089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a novel class of amino(methyl) pyrrolidine-based sulfonamides as potent and selective FXa inhibitors is reported. The amino(methyl) pyrrolidine scaffolds were designed based on the proposed bioisosterism to the piperazine core in known FXa inhibitors. The SAR study led to compound 15 as the most potent FXa inhibitor in this series, with an IC(50) of 5.5 nM and PT EC(2x) of 1.7 microM. The proposed binding models show that the pyrrolidine cores are in van der Waals contact with the enzyme surface, and the flexibility of amino(methyl) pyrrolidines allows the two nitrogen atoms to anchor both the P1 and P4 groups to fit similarly in the S1 and S4 pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, PO Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
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12
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Ai L, Xiao J, Wang G, Shen X, Zhang C. Facile Synthesis of (S,S)‐1,2‐Diacylamides and (S,S)‐1,2‐Diamines with C 2‐Symmetry. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600770698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- a Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jichuan Xiao
- a Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Guo Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Shen
- a Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
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13
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Saibabu Kotti SRS, Timmons C, Li G. Vicinal diamino functionalities as privileged structural elements in biologically active compounds and exploitation of their synthetic chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:101-14. [PMID: 16492158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry, synthetic routes and medicinal properties of vicinal diamines and imidazolines are discussed. Synthetic routes towards chemically and pharmaceutically important molecules containing vicinal diamine functionality are discussed in detail. This mini review article covers the new developments of diamine chemistry between 2000 and 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R S Saibabu Kotti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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14
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Terner JM, Lomas LM, Lewis JW, Husbands SM, Picker MJ. Effects of the long-lasting kappa opioid 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(3-isothiocyanatophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) ethyl] acetamide in a drug discrimination and warm water tail-withdrawal procedure. Behav Pharmacol 2006; 16:665-70. [PMID: 16286819 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200512000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although studies suggest that 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(3-isothiocyanatophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) ethyl] acetamide (DIPPA) has transient kappa-opioid-mediated agonist effects followed by long-lasting kappa-antagonist effects, its behavioral and pharmacological actions have not been systematically examined and there is evidence suggesting that some of its effects are species dependent. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the actions of DIPPA in different behavioral procedures and in three species. In a pigeon drug discrimination procedure, DIPPA and the kappa-opioids U50,488 and ICI-199441 substituted fully for the stimulus effects produced by spiradoline. For DIPPA, this effect was observed between 0.25 and 4 h after administration. In a warm water tail-withdrawal procedure, DIPPA failed to produce antinociception in rats or mice even when relatively high doses were tested using pretreatment intervals ranging from 0.25 to 24 h. In this procedure, DIPPA antagonized the effects of spiradoline and U50,488 in mice. In rats, DIPPA antagonized the effects of U50,488 but not those of spiradoline. Taken together, these results suggest that DIPPA may function as a low-efficacy kappa-opioid and have a long duration of action, and there may be some species differences in its behavioral profile. This profile of action, however, differs from other low-efficacy kappa-opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolan M Terner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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15
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS JOURNAL 2005. [PMID: 16353947 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371].] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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16
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS J 2005. [PMID: 16353947 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS JOURNAL 2005; 7:E704-22. [PMID: 16353947 PMCID: PMC2751273 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, 21201 Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Coop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, 21201 Baltimore, MD
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18
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Husbands SM, Neilan CL, Broadbear J, Grundt P, Breeden S, Aceto MD, Woods JH, Lewis JW, Traynor JR. BU74, a complex oripavine derivative with potent kappa opioid receptor agonism and delayed opioid antagonism. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 509:117-25. [PMID: 15733546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the search for opioid agonists with delayed antagonist actions as potential treatments for substance abuse, the bridged morphinan BU74 (17-cyclopropylmethyl-3-hydroxy-[5beta,7beta,3',5']-pyrrolidino-2'[S]-phenyl-7alpha-methyl-6,14-endoetheno morphinan) (3f) was synthesized. In isolated tissue and [35S]GTPgammaS opioid receptor functional assays BU74 was shown to be a potent long-lasting kappa opioid receptor agonist, delta opioid receptor partial agonist and mu opioid receptor antagonist. In antinociceptive tests in the mouse, BU74 showed high efficacy and potent kappa opioid receptor agonism. When its agonist action had waned BU74 became an antagonist of kappa and mu opioid receptor agonists in the tail flick assay and of delta, kappa and mu opioid receptor agonists in the acetic acid writhing assay. The slow onset, long-duration kappa opioid receptor agonist effects of BU74 suggests that it could be a lead compound for the discovery of a treatment for cocaine abuse.
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MESH Headings
- Acetic Acid
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzomorphans/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive/drug effects
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/chemistry
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Hot Temperature/adverse effects
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Morphinans/chemistry
- Morphinans/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Measurement
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sulfur Radioisotopes
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Husbands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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19
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Kumar V, Guo D, Cassel JA, Daubert JD, Dehaven RN, Dehaven-Hudkins DL, Gauntner EK, Gottshall SL, Greiner SL, Koblish M, Little PJ, Mansson E, Maycock AL. Synthesis and evaluation of novel peripherally restricted κ-opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1091-5. [PMID: 15686919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted analogs (3) of the parent kappa agonist, 1, were prepared to limit access to the central nervous system. With the exception of compound 3j, all other compounds bound to the human kappa opioid receptor with high affinity (K(i)=0.31-9.5 nM) and were selective for kappa over mu and delta opioid receptors. Compounds 3c, d, and 3g-i produced potent antinociceptive activity in the rat formalin assay (i.paw) and the mouse acetic acid-induced writhing assay (s.c.), with weak activity in the mouse platform sedation test. The peripheral restriction indices of 3c, d, 3g, and 3i were improved 2- to 7-fold compared to the parent compound 1, and these compounds were approximately 2- to 5-fold more potent than the peripheral kappa agonist ICI 204448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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20
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Zhang Z, Chen TY, Kirsch JR, Toung TJK, Traystman RJ, Koehler RC, Hurn PD, Bhardwaj A. Kappa-Opioid Receptor Selectivity for Ischemic Neuroprotection with BRL 52537 in Rats. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1776-1783. [PMID: 14633559 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000087800.56290.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) have been implicated in neuroprotection from ischemic neuronal injury, but less work has been performed with transient focal cerebral ischemia to determine the role of KOR during reperfusion. We tested the effects of a selective and specific KOR agonist, BRL 52537 hydrochloride [(+/-)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)acetyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)methylpiperidine], and the standard KOR antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride [nor-BNI; 17,17'-(dicyclopropylmethyl)-6,6',7,7'-6,6'-imino-7,7'-binorphinan-3,4',14,14'-tetrol], on functional and histological outcome after transient focal ischemia in the rat. By use of the intraluminal filament technique, halothane-anesthetized adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion confirmed by laser Doppler flowmetry. In a blinded, randomized fashion, rats were treated with 1). saline (vehicle) 15 min before reperfusion followed by saline at reperfusion for 22 h, 2). saline 15 min before reperfusion followed by BRL 52537 (1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) at reperfusion for 22 h, 3). saline 15 min before reperfusion followed by nor-BNI (1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) at reperfusion for 22 h, or 4) nor-BNI (1 mg/kg) 15 min before reperfusion followed by BRL 52537 (1 mgx kg(-1)x h(-1)) and nor-BNI (1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) at reperfusion for 22 h. Infarct volume (percentage of ipsilateral structure) analyzed at 4 days of reperfusion was significantly attenuated in saline/BRL 52537 rats (n = 8; cortex, 10.2% +/- 4.3%; caudoputamen [CP], 23.8% +/- 6.7%) (mean +/- SEM) compared with saline/saline treatment (n = 8; cortex, 28.6% +/- 4.9%; CP, 53.3% +/- 5.8%). Addition of the specific KOR antagonist nor-BNI to BRL 52537 completely prevented the neuroprotection (n = 7; cortex, 28.6% +/- 5.3%; CP, 40.9% +/- 6.2%) conferred by BRL 52537. BRL 52537 did not produce postischemic hypothermia. These data demonstrate that KORs may provide a therapeutic target during early reperfusion after ischemic stroke. IMPLICATIONS The neuroprotective effect of selective kappa-opioid agonists in transient focal ischemia is via a selective action at the kappa-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Zhang
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Departments of †Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine and ‡Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Karramkam M, Hinnen F, Berrehouma M, Hlavacek C, Vaufrey F, Halldin C, McCarron JA, Pike VW, Dollé F. Synthesis of a [6-pyridinyl-18F]-labelled fluoro derivative of WAY-100635 as a candidate radioligand for brain 5-HT1A receptor imaging with PET. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2769-82. [PMID: 12788351 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable effort has been spent on the design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of radiofluorinated derivatives of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY-100635, for the in vivo study of these receptors in human brain with PET. (Pyridinyl-6)-fluoro- and (pyridinyl-5)-fluoro-analogues of WAY-100635 (6-fluoro and 5-fluoro-WAY-100635, 5a/6a) were synthesized as well as the corresponding chloro-, bromo- and nitro-derivatives as precursors for labelling (5b-d and 6b-d). Comparative radiolabelling of these precursors with fluorine-18 (positron-emitting isotope, 109.8 min half-life) clearly demonstrated that only ortho-fluorination in this pyridine series, and not meta-fluorination, is of interest for the preparation of a radioligand by nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution. 6-[(18)F]Fluoro-WAY-100635 ([(18)F]5a) can be efficiently synthesized in one step, either from the corresponding 6-bromo precursor (using conventional heating at 145 degrees C for 10 min) or from the corresponding 6-nitro precursor (using microwave activation at 100 W for 1 min). Typically, 15-25 mCi (0.55-0.92 GBq) of 6-[(18)F]fluoro-WAY-100635 ([(18)F]5a, 1-2 Ci/micromol or 37-72 GBq/micromol) were obtained in 50-70 min starting from a 100 mCi (3.7 GBq) aliquot of a batch of cyclotron-produced [(18)F]fluoride. This (18)F-labelled radioligand is now being evaluated in PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Karramkam
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Département de Recherche Médicale, CEA, 4 place du Général Leclerc, F-91401 Orsay, France
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22
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Synthesis of chiral non-racemic 1,2-diamines from O-acetyl mandelic acid: application in enantioselective deprotonation of epoxides and diethylzinc addition to aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Gibney GT, Zhao P, Xia Y. Neuroprotective role of delta-opioid receptors in cortical neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 282:C1225-34. [PMID: 11997236 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that delta-opioid receptor (DOR) activation protects cortical neurons against glutamate-induced injury. Because glutamate is a mediator of hypoxic injury in neurons, we hypothesized that DOR is involved in neuroprotection during O2 deprivation and that its activation/inhibition may alter neuronal susceptibility to hypoxic stress. In this work, we tested the effect of opioid receptor activation and inhibition on cultured cortical neurons in hypoxia (1% O2). Cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release, morphology-based quantification, and live/dead staining. Our results show that 1) immature neurons (days 4 and 6) were not significantly injured by hypoxia until 72 h of exposure, whereas day 8 neurons were injured after only 24-h hypoxia; 2) DOR inhibition (naltrindole) caused neuronal injury in both day 4 and day 8 normoxic cultures and further augmented hypoxic injury in these neurons; 3) DOR activation ([D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin) reduced neuronal injury in day 8 cultures after 24 h of normoxic or hypoxic exposure and attenuated naltrindole-induced injury with prolonged exposure; and 4) mu- or kappa-opioid receptor inhibition (beta-funaltrexamine or nor-binaltorphimine) had little effect on neurons in either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Collectively, these data suggest that DOR plays a crucial role in neuroprotection in normoxic and hypoxic environments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Count
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Hypoxia/physiology
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/pharmacology
- Hypoxia, Brain/metabolism
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Abstract
Recently, in an attempt to isolate the nonopioid sigma receptor, Su and colleagues purified a protein from rat liver and brain which appeared to resemble the original sigma opioid receptor as proposed by Martin in 1976, and for which the nonopiate sigma-1 ligand (+)pentazocine presents a high affinity. Previous in vivo electrophysiological studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that several selective sigma-1 ligands potentiate the neuronal response to NMDA. The goal of the present series of experiments was to assess the effects of some selective sigma-1 ligands on the potentiation of the NMDA response and to determine if this potentiation was mediated by the naloxone-sensitive sigma receptor. Extracellular unitary recordings from pyramidal neurons of the CA3 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus were obtained. The sigma-1 ligands BD 737, L 687-384, and JO-1784 (igmesine), administered intravenously at low doses, potentiated the NMDA response but the opiate antagonist naloxone failed to reverse this potentiation. However, the potentiation of the NMDA response induced by the sigma-1 ligand (+)pentazocine was suppressed by naloxone but not by the mu antagonist cyprodime hydrobomide, the kappa antagonist DIPPA nor by the delta antagonist naltrindole. (+/-) Cyclazocine, which presents a high affinity for the above-mentioned sigma-opiate receptor acted as an antagonist by suppressing the potentiation of the NMDA response induced by both JO-1784 and (+)pentazocine. These results suggest that the effects induced by some sigma-1 ligands may, in fact, be sensitive to naloxone while others may not. The original classification of sigma receptors as opiates might have been partly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Couture
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Kumar V, Marella MA, Cortes-Burgos L, Chang AC, Cassel JA, Daubert JD, DeHaven RN, DeHaven-Hudkins DL, Gottshall SL, Mansson E, Maycock AL. Arylacetamides as peripherally restricted kappa opioid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2567-70. [PMID: 11086731 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of the kappa (kappa) opioid receptor agonist, ICI 199441, were prepared. Ki values for these analogues at the cloned human kappa opioid receptor ranged from 0.058 to 25 nM. Trifluoromethylaryl derivatives were potent analgesics when administered subcutaneously in the rat and were more peripherally restricted than the parent compound, ICI 199441.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Adolor Corporation, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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27
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Guerrini R, Calo' G, Rizzi A, Bigoni R, Rizzi D, Regoli D, Salvadori S. Structure-activity relationships of nociceptin and related peptides: comparison with dynorphin A. Peptides 2000; 21:923-33. [PMID: 10998526 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin and its receptor (OP(4)) share sequence homologies with the opioid peptide ligand dynorphin A and its receptor OP(2). Cationic residues in the C-terminal sequence of both peptides seem to be required for selective receptor occupation, but the number and the distribution of these basic residues are different and quite critical. Both receptors are presumably activated by the peptides N-terminal sequence (Xaa-Gly Gly-Phe, where Xaa = Phe or Tyr); however, although OP(4) requires Phe(4) as a determinant pharmacophore, OP(2) requires Tyr(1) as do the other opioid receptors. An extensive structure-activity analysis of the N-terminal tetrapeptide has led to conclude that the presence of aromatic residues in position one and four, preferably Phe, as well as the distance between Phe(1) and Phe(4) are extremely critical for occupation and activation of OP(4) in contrast with other opioid receptors (e.g. OP(1), OP(3), OP(2)). Modification of distance between the side chains of Phe(1) and Phe(4) (as obtained with Nphe(1) substitution in both NC and NC(1-13)-NH(2)) and/or conformational orientation of Phe(1) (as in Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)-Gly(2)) has brought to discovery of pure antagonist ([Nphe(1)]-NC(1-13)-NH(2)) and a partial agonist ([Phe(1) psi(CH(2)-NH)-Gly(2)]-NC(1-13)-NH(2)), which have allowed us to characterize and classify the OP(4) receptor in several species. Thus, although antagonist activities at the OP(4) receptor are obtained by chemical modification of Phe(1)-Gly(2) peptide bond or by a shift of Phe(1) side chain of NC peptides, antagonism at the OP(2) receptor requires the diallylation of the N-terminal amino function, for instance, of dynorphin A. These considerations support the interpretation that the two systems nociceptin/OP(4) and dynorphin A/OP(2) are distinct pharmacological entities that differs in both their active sites (Tyr(1) for Dyn A and Phe(4) for NC) and the number and position of cationic residues in the C-terminal portions of the molecules. The chemical features of novel OP(4) receptor ligands either pseudopeptides obtained by combinatorial library screening or molecules of nonpeptide structure are reported and discussed in comparison with NC and NC related peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guerrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44-100, Ferrara, Italy
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28
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29
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Pogozheva ID, Lomize AL, Mosberg HI. Opioid receptor three-dimensional structures from distance geometry calculations with hydrogen bonding constraints. Biophys J 1998; 75:612-34. [PMID: 9675164 PMCID: PMC1299737 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional structures of the transmembrane, seven alpha-helical domains and extracellular loops of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors, were calculated using the distance geometry algorithm, with hydrogen bonding constraints based on the previously developed general model of the transmembrane alpha-bundle for rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (Biophys. J. 1997. 70:1963). Each calculated opioid receptor structure has an extensive network of interhelical hydrogen bonds and a ligand-binding crevice that is partially covered by a beta-hairpin formed by the second extracellular loop. The binding cavities consist of an inner "conserved region" composed of 18 residues that are identical in delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors, and a peripheral "variable region," composed of 19 residues that are different in delta, mu, and kappa subtypes and are responsible for the subtype specificity of various ligands. Sixteen delta-, mu-, or kappa-selective, conformationally constrained peptide and nonpeptide opioid agonists and antagonists and affinity labels were fit into the binding pockets of the opioid receptors. All ligands considered have a similar spatial arrangement in the receptors, with the tyramine moiety of alkaloids or Tyr1 of opioid peptides interacting with conserved residues in the bottom of the pocket and the tyramine N+ and OH groups forming ionic interactions or H-bonds with a conserved aspartate from helix III and a conserved histidine from helix VI, respectively. The central, conformationally constrained fragments of the opioids (the disulfide-bridged cycles of the peptides and various ring structures in the nonpeptide ligands) are oriented approximately perpendicular to the tyramine and directed toward the extracellular surface. The results obtained are qualitatively consistent with ligand affinities, cross-linking studies, and mutagenesis data.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Benzomorphans/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cell Membrane/physiology
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalins/chemistry
- Enkephalins/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Ligands
- Models, Chemical
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphinans/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Rhodopsin/chemistry
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Pogozheva
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
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30
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Schmidhammer H. Opioid Receptor Antagonists**This review is dedicated to the memory of the late Drs. Sidney Archer and Hans W. Kosterlitz. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Pechulis AD, Archer S, Wentland MP, Colasurdo AM, Bidlack JM. Arylacetamide kappa-selective opioid ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Su X, Sengupta JN, Gebhart GF. Effects of kappa opioid receptor-selective agonists on responses of pelvic nerve afferents to noxious colorectal distension. J Neurophysiol 1997; 78:1003-12. [PMID: 9307130 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.78.2.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of kappa-opioid receptor selective agonists on responses of mechanosensitive afferent fibers in the pelvic nerve. Single-fiber recordings were made from pelvic nerve afferents in the decentralized S1 dorsal root of the rat. A total of 572 afferent fibers in the S1 dorsal root were identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve; 252 (44%) responded to noxious colorectal distension (CRD; 80 mmHg). Of these 252 fibers that responded to CRD, 100 were studied further. All 100 fibers gave monotonic increases in firing to increasing pressures of CRD. Eighty-eight fibers had low thresholds for response (mean: 3 mmHg) and 12 fibers had high-thresholds for response (mean: 28 mmHg). Responses of 17 fibers also were tested after instillation of 5% mustard oil (MO) into the colon. The resting activity of 16/17 fibers significantly increased after MO instillation; 13 (77%) also exhibited sensitization of responses to graded CRD when tested 30 min after intracolonic MO instillation. The effects of kappa1-opioid receptor preferring agonists (U50,488H, U69,593 and U62,066), the kappa2-opioid receptor preferring agonist bremazocine, and the kappa3-opioid receptor preferring agonist naloxone benzoylhydrazone (nalBzoH) were tested on responses of 64 mechanosensitive afferent fibers to noxious CRD. All five agonists dose-dependently inhibited afferent fiber responses to noxious CRD. Doses producing inhibition to 50% of the control response to CRD did not differ among the five agonists, ranging from approximately 4 to 15 mg/kg. The effects of kappa1, kappa2, and kappa3 receptor agonists were attenuated by naloxone; two kappa-opioid receptor-selective antagonists were ineffective. There were no differences in the dose-response relationships of these drugs for fibers recorded from untreated and irritant-treated colons. Conduction velocities of the fibers remained unaffected after high doses of all tested agonists. In an in vitro study, U50,488 (10(-4) M) did not produce any significant change in the tension of colonic smooth muscle. These results document that responses of mechanosensitive pelvic nerve afferent fibers innervating the colon are inhibited by kappa-opioid receptor agonists having varying affinities for putative kappa-opioid receptor subtypes. The inhibitory effects of these drugs likely are mediated by an action at receptors associated with the afferent fibers. The receptor at which these effects are produced is kappa-opioid-like but clearly different from the kappa-opioid receptor characterized in the CNS and is perhaps an orphan receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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33
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de Sousa SE, O'Brien P, Poumellec P. Two useful methods for the preparation of (R)- and (S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethanamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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de Sousa SE, O'Brien P. Aziridinium ions from phenylglycinol — A new approach to the synthesis of chiral diamines. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Benyhe S, Ketevan A, Simon J, Hepp J, Medzihradszky K, Borsodi A. Affinity labelling of frog brain opioid receptors by dynorphin(1-10) chloromethyl ketone. Neuropeptides 1997; 31:52-9. [PMID: 9574838 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(97)90020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously found that chloromethyl ketone derivatives of enkephalins bind irreversibly to the opioid receptors in vitro. Recently a novel affinity reagent, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Gly chloromethyl ketone (Dynorphin(1-10)-Gly11 chloromethyl ketone, DynCMK) was synthesized, and its binding characteristics to frog (Rana esculenta) brain membranes were evaluated. In competition experiments, the product shows a relatively high affinity for the kappa-opioid binding sites labelled by [3H]ethylketocyclazocine (Ki is approximately equal to 200 nM), whereas its binding to the 1 ([3H]dihydromorphine) and to the delta sites ([3H]D-Ala2-Leu5]enkephalin) is weaker. Preincubation of the frog brain membranes with DynCMK at micromolar concentrations results in a washing-resistant and dose-dependent inhibition of the [3H]ethylketocyclazocine binding sites. Saturation binding analysis of the membranes preincubated with 50 microM DynCMK reveals a significant decrease in the number of specific binding sites for [3H]ethylketocyclazocine compared to the control values. The kappa-preferring binding properties of the compound suggest that it could serve as an affinity label for the kappa-type of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged
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36
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Chen C, Yin J, Li JG, Xue JC, Weerawarna SA, Nelson WL, Liu-Chen LY. Irreversible binding of N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl-3,4 -dichlorophenylacetamide to the cloned rat kappa opioid receptor. Life Sci 1997; 61:787-94. [PMID: 9275008 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl-3,4- dichlorophenylacetamide (MITPD), is an isothiocyanate derivative of the kappa agonist ICI-199,441. In this study, interaction of MITPD with cloned mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors was characterized. MITPD inhibited [3H]diprenorphine binding to kappa receptors with high affinity and with approximately 700- and approximately 870-fold selectivity over mu and delta receptors. Pretreatment with MITPD followed by extensive washing reduced kappa receptor binding with an IC50 value of 3.7 nM, but did not affect mu or delta binding at < or = 0.1 microM. Preincubation with 1 microM MITPD abolished [3H]diprenorphine binding, while pretreatment with 1 microM ICI-199,441 increased Kd of [3H]diprenorphine binding with no change in Bmax. Thus, MITPD is a selective kappa irreversible ligand. The region of the kappa receptor that conferred selectivity for MITPD was determined by examining its binding to four mu/kappa chimeras. IC50 values of MITPD for inhibition of [3H]diprenorphine binding were determined to be 430 nM for Chimera III (kappa1-141/mu151-398), 1.8 nM for Chimera IV (mu1-150/kappa142-380), 40 nM for Chimera XI (mu1-268/kappa263-380) and 14 nM for Chimera XII (kappa1-262/mu269-398). Pretreatment with MITPD followed by extensive washing reduced binding to chimera IV with an IC50 value of 75 nM, but did not affect III, XI or XII binding (IC50 >1 microM). Thus, the region from the third transmembrane helix to the C-terminus of the kappa receptor is important for the binding of MITPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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37
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Schwartz RW, Chang AC, Portoghese PS, Berzetei-Gurske IP. A guinea pig ileum preparation devoid of functional kappa receptors: a new in vitro pharmacologic assay for mu-opioid ligands. Life Sci 1997; 60:PL235-9. [PMID: 9096250 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus preparations contain functional mu- and kappa-opioid receptors. A preparation with blocked kappa receptors was obtained by pretreating guinea pigs with 0.1-10.0 mg/kg intraperitoneal doses of a new kappa-selective affinity label, DIPPA (2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[1S-1-(-3-isothiocyanatophenyl)-2-(-1 -pyrrolidinyl) ethyl] acetamide). Determination of IC50 values for the mu-selective agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin) and the kappa-selective agonist U 69,593 ([5alpha,7alpha,8beta]-(+)-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidin yl)-1-oxaspiro-(4,5)-dec-8-yl]) showed that 0.5 mg/kg DIPPA at 48 h produced reliable, near-complete blockade of kappa-opioid activity but a minimal shift for kappa-opioid agonism. This new assay should be useful for studying mixed agonists/antagonists that produce strong kappa-opioid receptor agonism, which prevents determination of mu-opioid receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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38
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O'Brien P, Poumellec P. A simple and efficient method for the preparation of homochiral amines: Application to the synthesis of a new C2 symmetric triamine. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brandt W, Drosihn S, Haurand M, Holzgrabe U, Nachtsheim C. Search for the pharmacophore in kappa-agonistic diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one-1,5-diesters and arylacetamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1996; 329:311-23. [PMID: 8767114 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19963290607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several heterocyclic bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones were found to have a high affinity to kappa opioid receptors, 3,7-Diazabicyclononanones with 2,4-dipyridyl side chains were the most potent agonists whereas the corresponding 3-oxa-7-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one and compounds with phenyl substituents in 2 and 4 position are almost inactive. The purpose of this study was to unravel the active conformation of the bicyclononanones using well-known kappa-selective agonists such as ketocyclazocine, arylacetamides, several isoquinolines, CI-977, and four stereoisomers of EMD-61753 for comparison. In order to determine the geometry of the diazabicycles in solution pH-dependent NMR measurements of the bicycles were recorded and the results were related to the geometries of the aforementioned kappa agonists obtained from semiempirical PM3 calculations. A chair-boat conformation and a protonation at the N7 nitrogen atom of the diazabicyclononanones were found to be the pharmacophoric conformation. Comparison of the spatial arrangements, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding potentials of all kappa-selective agonists led to a model of structure-activity relationships of ligands of the kappa receptor. The arrangement of the pharmacophoric elements is characterized by an almost parallel orientation of a carbonyl and a protonated NH function in conjunction with at least one aromatic ring. Ketocyclazocine is only able to adopt this parallel orientation when the nitrogen is inverted relative to the X-ray structure. Furthermore, two binding sites for the aromatic rings are discussed. The pharmacological results of all considered bicyclononanone derivatives as well as of the four enantiomers of EMD-61753 can be understood and consistently explained in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brandt
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Germany
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Chapter 2. Centrally Acting Analgesics. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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