1
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Martino SD, Petri GL, De Rosa M. Hepatitis C: The Story of a Long Journey through First, Second, and Third Generation NS3/4A Peptidomimetic Inhibitors. What Did We Learn? J Med Chem 2024; 67:885-921. [PMID: 38179950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection is the leading cause of liver failure and still represents a global health burden. Over the past decade, great advancements made HCV curable, and sustained viral remission significantly improved to more than 98%. Historical treatment with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin has been displaced by combinations of direct-acting antivirals. These regimens include drugs targeting different stages of the HCV life cycle. However, the emergence of viral resistance remains a big concern. The design of peptidomimetic inhibitors (PIs) able to fit and fill the conserved substrate envelope region within the active site helped avoid contact with the vulnerable sites of the most common resistance-associated substitutions Arg155, Ala156, and Asp168. Herein, we give an overview of HCV NS3 PIs discovered during the past decade, and we deeply discuss the rationale behind the structural optimization efforts essential to achieve pangenotypic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Martino
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Li Petri
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
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2
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Poudel DP, Pokhrel A, Tak RK, Shankar M, Giri R. Photosensitized O 2 enables intermolecular alkene cyclopropanation by active methylene compounds. Science 2023; 381:545-553. [PMID: 37535731 PMCID: PMC11216814 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are key features in many preclinical, clinical, and commercial drugs, as well as natural products. The most prolific technique for their synthesis is the metal-catalyzed reaction of an alkene with a diazoalkane, a highly energetic reagent requiring stringent safety precautions. Discovery of alternative innocuous reagents remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, we report a simple photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes with active methylene compounds. The reaction proceeds in neutral solvent under air or dioxygen (O2) with a photoredox catalyst excited by blue light-emitting diode light and an iodine co-catalyst that is either added as molecular iodine or generated in situ from alkyl iodides. Mechanistic investigations indicate that photosensitized O2 plays a vital role in the generation of carbon-centered radicals for both the addition of active methylene compounds to alkenes and the ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba P. Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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3
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Yuen TY, Brown CJ, Tan YS, Johannes CW. Synthesis of Chiral Alkenyl Cyclopropane Amino Acids for Incorporation into Stapled Peptides. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1556-1566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Ying Yuen
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8 Biomedical Grove, #07-01, Neuros, Singapore 138665
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- P53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06, Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Charles W. Johannes
- P53 Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06, Immunos, Singapore 138648
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4
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Nikitina AA, Orlov AA, Kozlovskaya LI, Palyulin VA, Osolodkin DI. Enhanced taxonomy annotation of antiviral activity data from ChEMBL. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2019; 2019:5308407. [PMID: 30753475 PMCID: PMC6367519 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antiviral drugs is a rapidly developing area of medicinal chemistry research. The emergence of resistant variants and outbreaks of poorly studied viral diseases make this area constantly developing. The amount of antiviral activity data available in ChEMBL consistently grows, but virus taxonomy annotation of these data is not sufficient for thorough studies of antiviral chemical space. We developed a procedure for semi-automatic extraction of antiviral activity data from ChEMBL and mapped them to the virus taxonomy developed by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The procedure is based on the lists of virus-related values of ChEMBL annotation fields and a dictionary of virus names and acronyms mapped to ICTV taxa. Application of this data extraction procedure allows retrieving from ChEMBL 1.6 times more assays linked to 2.5 times more compounds and data points than ChEMBL web interface allows. Mapping of these data to ICTV taxa allows analyzing all the compounds tested against each viral species. Activity values and structures of the compounds were standardized, and the antiviral activity profile was created for each standard structure. Data set compiled using this algorithm was called ViralChEMBL. As case studies, we compared descriptor and scaffold distributions for the full ChEMBL and its `viral' and `non-viral' subsets, identified the most studied compounds and created a self-organizing map for ViralChEMBL. Our approach to data annotation appeared to be a very efficient tool for the study of antiviral chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Nikitina
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Orlov
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry I Osolodkin
- FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Liverton NJ. Evolution of HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitors. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2018_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Novakov IA, Babushkin AS, Yablokov AS, Nawrozkij MB, Vostrikova OV, Shejkin DS, Mkrtchyan AS, Balakin KV. Synthesis and structure—activity relationships of cyclopropane-containing analogs of pharmacologically active compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zheng B, D’Andrea SV, Sun LQ, Wang AX, Chen Y, Hrnciar P, Friborg J, Falk P, Hernandez D, Yu F, Sheaffer AK, Knipe JO, Mosure K, Rajamani R, Good AC, Kish K, Tredup J, Klei HE, Paruchuri M, Ng A, Gao Q, Rampulla RA, Mathur A, Meanwell NA, McPhee F, Scola PM. Potent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease: Employment of a Difluoromethyl Group as a Hydrogen-Bond Donor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:143-148. [PMID: 29456803 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of potent, tripeptidic acylsulfonamide inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease that contain a difluoromethyl cyclopropyl amino acid at P1 are described. A cocrystal structure of 18 with a NS3/4A protease complex suggests the presence of a H-bond between the polarized C-H of the CHF2 moiety and the backbone carbonyl of Leu135 of the enzyme. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that this H-bond enhances enzyme inhibitory potency by 13- and 17-fold compared to the CH3 and CF3 analogues, respectively, providing insight into the deployment of this unique amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zheng
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Stanley V. D’Andrea
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Li-Qiang Sun
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Alan Xiangdong Wang
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Peter Hrnciar
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Jacques Friborg
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Paul Falk
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Dennis Hernandez
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Fei Yu
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Amy K. Sheaffer
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Jay O. Knipe
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kathy Mosure
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Ramkumar Rajamani
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Andrew C. Good
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kevin Kish
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tredup
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Herbert E. Klei
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Manjula Paruchuri
- Biologics
Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Alicia Ng
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Richard A. Rampulla
- Discovery
Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Discovery
Synthesis, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Fiona McPhee
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Paul M. Scola
- Research
and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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8
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Takahashi N, Sudo A, Endo T. Isolation of Epimers in the Synthesis of Vinylcyclopropane Bearing Two Alanine Moieties and Their Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Takahashi
- Molecular Engineering
Institute, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sudo
- Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae
3-4-1, Higashi Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering
Institute, Kindai University, 11-6 Kayanomori, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8555, Japan
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9
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Parsy CC, Alexandre FR, Bidau V, Bonnaterre F, Brandt G, Caillet C, Cappelle S, Chaves D, Convard T, Derock M, Gloux D, Griffon Y, Lallos LB, Leroy F, Liuzzi M, Loi AG, Moulat L, Chiara M, Rahali H, Roques V, Rosinovsky E, Savin S, Seifer M, Standring D, Surleraux D. Discovery and structural diversity of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor series leading to clinical candidate IDX320. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Milanole G, Andriessen F, Lemonnier G, Sebban M, Coadou G, Couve-Bonnaire S, Bonfanti JF, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. Toward the Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogues of HCV NS3/4A Serine Protease Inhibitors Using Methyl α-Amino-β-fluoro-β-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylate as Key Intermediate. Org Lett 2015; 17:2968-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Milanole
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Floris Andriessen
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Gérald Lemonnier
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Sebban
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Gaël Coadou
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Couve-Bonnaire
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Bonfanti
- Janssen Research & Development, Medicinal Chemistry Infectious Diseases, Centre de Recherche Janssen Cilag, Campus de Maigremont, BP 615, 27106 Val de Reuil Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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11
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Parsy C, Alexandre FR, Brandt G, Caillet C, Cappelle S, Chaves D, Convard T, Derock M, Gloux D, Griffon Y, Lallos L, Leroy F, Liuzzi M, Loi AG, Moulat L, Musiu C, Rahali H, Roques V, Seifer M, Standring D, Surleraux D. Structure-based design of a novel series of azetidine inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A serine protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4444-4449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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LaPlante SR, Nar H, Lemke CT, Jakalian A, Aubry N, Kawai SH. Ligand bioactive conformation plays a critical role in the design of drugs that target the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. J Med Chem 2013; 57:1777-89. [PMID: 24144444 DOI: 10.1021/jm401338c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A ligand-focused strategy employed NMR, X-ray, modeling, and medicinal chemistry to expose the critical role that bioactive conformation played in the design of a variety of drugs that target the HCV protease. The bioactive conformation (bound states) were determined for key inhibitors identified along our drug discovery pathway from the hit to clinical compounds. All adopt similar bioactive conformations for the common core derived from the hit peptide DDIVPC. A carefully designed SAR analysis, based on the advanced inhibitor 1 in which the P1 to P3 side chains and the N-terminal Boc were sequentially truncated, revealed a correlation between affinity and the relative predominance of the bioactive conformation in the free state. Interestingly, synergistic conformation effects on potency were also noted. Comparisons with clinical and recently marketed drugs from the pharmaceutical industry showed that all have the same core and similar bioactive conformations. This suggested that the variety of appendages discovered for these compounds also properly satisfy the bioactive conformation requirements and allowed for a large variety of HCV protease drug candidates to be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R LaPlante
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer-Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development , Laval, Québec H7S 2G5, Canada
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13
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McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Liverton NJ. HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitors: Simeprevir (TMC‐435350), Vaniprevir (MK‐7009) and MK‐5172. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to represent a major health issue, with estimates of 130–170 million people infected worldwide. Recent developments in the HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor area have significantly improved treatment options for patients. However, a more dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of HCV infection appears all but certain in coming years, with a move to all oral combination therapy with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). HCV protease inhibitors have the potential to play a significant role in these DAA combination therapies. This chapter discusses in detail the design and discovery of three HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors in clinical development: simeprevir (TMC‐435350), vaniprevir (MK‐7009) and MK‐5172.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. McCauley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486 USA
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14
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Milanole G, Couve-Bonnaire S, Bonfanti JF, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. Synthesis of Fluorinated Cyclopropyl Amino Acid Analogues: Toward the Synthesis of Original Fluorinated Peptidomimetics. J Org Chem 2012; 78:212-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302222n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Milanole
- INSA de Rouen, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, COBRA Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Couve-Bonnaire
- INSA de Rouen, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, COBRA Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Bonfanti
- Janssen Research & Development, Medicinal Chemistry Infectious Diseases, Centre de Recherche Janssen Cilag, Campus de Maigremont, BP 615, 27106 Val de Reuil Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- INSA de Rouen, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, COBRA Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- INSA de Rouen, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, COBRA Université de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76131 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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15
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Dach R, Song JJ, Roschangar F, Samstag W, Senanayake CH. The Eight Criteria Defining a Good Chemical Manufacturing Process. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Dach
- Department of Process Development Chemicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jinhua J. Song
- Department of Chemical
Development
US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877,
United States
| | - Frank Roschangar
- Department of Chemical
Development
US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877,
United States
| | - Wendelin Samstag
- Department of Process Development Chemicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Department of Chemical
Development
US, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road/P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877,
United States
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16
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Busacca CA, Fandrick DR, Song JJ, Senanayake CH. The Growing Impact of Catalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Tang W, Wei X, Yee NK, Patel N, Lee H, Savoie J, Senanayake CH. A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Isopropyl (1R,2S)-Dehydrocoronamate. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200038y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tang
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Xudong Wei
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nathan K. Yee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Nitinchandra Patel
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Heewon Lee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Jolaine Savoie
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
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18
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Marsault E, Peterson ML. Macrocycles Are Great Cycles: Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges of Synthetic Macrocycles in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1961-2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1012374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke Québec, J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Mark L. Peterson
- Tranzyme Pharma Inc., 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H5N4, Canada
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19
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Crane ZD, Nichols PJ, Sammakia T, Stengel PJ. Synthesis of Methyl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylate via a Hofmann Rearrangement Utilizing Trichloroisocyanuric Acid as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2010; 76:277-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zackary D. Crane
- Department of Process Chemistry, Array Bio Pharma Inc., 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Paul J. Nichols
- Department of Process Chemistry, Array Bio Pharma Inc., 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Tarek Sammakia
- Department of Process Chemistry, Array Bio Pharma Inc., 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Peter J. Stengel
- Department of Process Chemistry, Array Bio Pharma Inc., 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
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20
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Chang XW, Han QC, Jiao ZG, Weng LH, Zhang DW. 1-Aminoxymethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid as building block of β N–O turn and helix: synthesis and conformational analysis in solution and in the solid state. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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A new stereoselective approach for the synthesis of substituted 3-cyclopropylmethylene-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one via the condensation reaction of cis-1-aryl-2-benzoyl-3,3-dicyanocyclopropanes with oxindole in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Örtqvist P, Gising J, Ehrenberg AE, Vema A, Borg A, Karlén A, Larhed M, Danielson UH, Sandström A. Discovery of achiral inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease based on 2(1H)-pyrazinones. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6512-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Llinàs-Brunet M, Bailey MD, Goudreau N, Bhardwaj PK, Bordeleau J, Bös M, Bousquet Y, Cordingley MG, Duan J, Forgione P, Garneau M, Ghiro E, Gorys V, Goulet S, Halmos T, Kawai SH, Naud J, Poupart MA, White PW. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Noncovalent Linear Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease (BI 201335). J Med Chem 2010; 53:6466-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100690x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Llinàs-Brunet
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Murray D. Bailey
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goudreau
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Punit K. Bhardwaj
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Josée Bordeleau
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Michael Bös
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Yves Bousquet
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Michael G. Cordingley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Jiamin Duan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Michel Garneau
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Elise Ghiro
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Vida Gorys
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Sylvie Goulet
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Ted Halmos
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Stephen H. Kawai
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Julie Naud
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Poupart
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
| | - Peter W. White
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
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24
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The effect of the P1 side chain on the binding of optimized carboxylate and activated carbonyl inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:1073-81. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease hold much promise as direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C infection. The optimization of N-terminal cleavage products, found to exhibit activity (product inhibition) against the enzyme, has led to potent tripeptide inhibitors that bear free C-terminal carboxylate groups. An analogous activated carbonyl compound (pentafluoroethyl ketone) bearing a P1 norvaline (Nva) was found to possess comparable activity against hepatitis C virus protease. However, an analogue bearing an aminocyclopropylcarboxylic acid (Acca) P1 residue exhibited very poor activity. 19F-NMR studies indicate that the propensity of the Acca-derived activated carbonyl to form hemiketals is only slightly reduced compared with that of a P1 Nva equivalent. These results, as well as molecular modeling studies, argue against steric hindrance of the nucleophilic attack of Ser-139 accounting for the poor mechanism-based inhibition by the former. We hypothesize that the conformational properties of the respective C-termini in the context of an adaptable active site account for the divergent P1 structure–activity relationships.
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25
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Krief A, Kremer A. Synthesis of Alkali Metal Carboxylates and Carboxylic Acids Using “Wet” and “Anhydrous” Alkali Metal Hydroxides. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4772-819. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Krief
- Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Departement de Chimie, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Adrian Kremer
- Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Departement de Chimie, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur B-5000, Belgium
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Pyun HJ, Chaudhary K, Somoza JR, Sheng XC, Kim CU. Synthesis and resolution of diethyl (1S,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropane-1-phosphonate for HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Pompei M, Francesco MED, Koch U, Liverton NJ, Summa V. Phosphorous acid analogs of novel P2-P4 macrocycles as inhibitors of HCV-NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2574-8. [PMID: 19328685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HCV-NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and NS3 protease inhibitors have shown proof of concept in clinical trials. Novel P2-P4 macrocycle inhibitors of NS3/4A comprising a P1 C-terminal carboxylic acid have recently been disclosed. A series of analogs, in which the carboxylic residue is replaced by phosphorous acid functionalities were synthesized and found to be inhibitors of the NS3 protease. Among them the methylphosphinate analogue showed nanomolar level of enzyme inhibition and sub-micromolar potency in the replication assay.
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28
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Kawai S, Bailey M, Halmos T, Forgione P, LaPlante S, Llinàs-Brunet M, Naud J, Goudreau N. The Use of Chemical Double-Mutant Cycles in Biomolecular Recognition Studies: Application to HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Tsantrizos YS. Peptidomimetic therapeutic agents targeting the protease enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1252-63. [PMID: 18681464 DOI: 10.1021/ar8000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, great strides have been made in the design of peptidomimetic drugs for the treatment of viral infections, despite the stigma of poor drug-like properties, low oral absorption, and high clearance associated with such compounds. This Account summarizes the progress made toward overcoming such liabilities and highlights the drug discovery efforts that have focused specifically on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitors. The arsenal against the incurable disease AIDS, which is caused by HIV infection, includes peptidomimetic compounds that target the virally encoded aspartic protease enzyme. This enzyme is essential to the production of mature HIV particles and plays a key role in maintaining infectivity. However, because of the rapid genomic evolution of viruses, an inevitable consequence in the treatment of all viral infections is the emergence of resistance to the drugs. Therefore, the incomplete suppression of HIV in treatment-experienced AIDS patients will continue to drive the search for more effective therapeutic agents that exhibit efficacy against the mutants raised by the earlier generation of protease inhibitors. Currently, a number of substrate-based peptidomimetic agents that target the virally encoded HCV NS3/4A protease are in clinical development. Mechanistically, these inhibitors can be generally divided into activated carbonyls that are transition-state mimics or compounds that tap into the feedback mode of enzyme-product inhibition. In the HCV field, there is justified optimism that a number of these compounds will soon reach commercialization as therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCV infections. Structural research has guided the successful design of both HIV and HCV protease inhibitors. X-ray crystallography, NMR, and computational studies have provided valuable insight in to the free-state preorganization of peptidomimetic ligands and their enzyme-bound conformation. Researchers have designed a variety of novel bioisosteric replacements of amino acids and short peptides that contain all of the required pharmacophore moieties and play a key role in inducing conformational changes to the overall molecule. The knowledge gained from these studies will undoubtedly guide the future design of therapeutic agents and further contribute to the success of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec H7S 2G5, Canada
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30
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Bäck M, Johansson PO, Wångsell F, Thorstensson F, Kvarnström I, Ayesa S, Wähling H, Pelcman M, Jansson K, Lindström S, Wallberg H, Classon B, Rydergård C, Vrang L, Hamelink E, Hallberg A, Rosenquist S, Samuelsson B. Novel potent macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease: Use of cyclopentane and cyclopentene P2-motifs. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7184-202. [PMID: 17845856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several highly potent novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitors have been developed from two inhibitor series containing either a P2 trisubstituted macrocyclic cyclopentane- or a P2 cyclopentene dicarboxylic acid moiety as surrogates for the widely used N-acyl-(4R)-hydroxyproline in the P2 position. These inhibitors were optimized for anti HCV activities through examination of different ring sizes in the macrocyclic systems and further by exploring the effect of P4 substituent removal on potency. The target molecules were synthesized from readily available starting materials, furnishing the inhibitor compounds in good overall yields. It was found that the 14-membered ring system was the most potent in these two series and that the corresponding 13-, 15-, and 16-membered macrocyclic rings delivered less potent inhibitors. Moreover, the corresponding P1 acylsulfonamides had superior potencies over the corresponding P1 carboxylic acids. It is noteworthy that it has been possible to develop highly potent HCV protease inhibitors that altogether lack the P4 substituent. Thus the most potent inhibitor described in this work, inhibitor 20, displays a K(i) value of 0.41 nM and an EC(50) value of 9 nM in the subgenomic HCV replicon cell model on genotype 1b. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example described in the literature of a HCV protease inhibitor displaying high potency in the replicon assay and lacking the P4 substituent, a finding which should facilitate the development of orally active small molecule inhibitors against the HCV protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bäck
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Brackmann F, de Meijere A. Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl-Group-Containing α-Amino Acids. 1. 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid and Other 2,3-Methanoamino Acids. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4493-537. [DOI: 10.1021/cr078376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farina Brackmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Fox ME, Lennon IC, Farina V. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of ethyl (1R,2S)-dehydrocoronamate. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Thorstensson F, Wångsell F, Kvarnström I, Vrang L, Hamelink E, Jansson K, Hallberg A, Rosenquist S, Samuelsson B. Synthesis of novel potent hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors: Discovery of 4-hydroxy-cyclopent-2-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid as a N-acyl-l-hydroxyproline bioisostere. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:827-38. [PMID: 17107807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Potent tetrapeptidic inhibitors of the HCV NS3 protease have been developed incorporating 4-hydroxy-cyclopent-2-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid as a new N-acyl-l-hydroxyproline mimic. The hydroxycyclopentene template was synthesized in eight steps from commercially available (syn)-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. Three different amino acids were explored in the P1-position and in the P2-position the hydroxyl group of the cyclopentene template was substituted with 7-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinolin-4-ol. The P3/P4-positions were then optimized from a set of six amino acid derivatives. All inhibitors were evaluated in an in vitro assay using the full-length NS3 protease. Several potent inhibitors were identified, the most promising exhibiting a K(i) value of 1.1nM.
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34
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Chapter 18 Recent Progress on Novel HCV Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Tsantrizos YS, Ferland JM, McClory A, Poirier M, Farina V, Yee NK, Wang XJ, Haddad N, Wei X, Xu J, Zhang L. Olefin ring-closing metathesis as a powerful tool in drug discovery and development – potent macrocyclic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Exploiting Ligand and Receptor Adaptability in Rational Drug Design Using Dynamics and Structure-Based Strategies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2006_087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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37
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Yee NK, Farina V, Houpis IN, Haddad N, Frutos RP, Gallou F, Wang XJ, Wei X, Simpson RD, Feng X, Fuchs V, Xu Y, Tan J, Zhang L, Xu J, Smith-Keenan LL, Vitous J, Ridges MD, Spinelli EM, Johnson M, Donsbach K, Nicola T, Brenner M, Winter E, Kreye P, Samstag W. Efficient Large-Scale Synthesis of BILN 2061, a Potent HCV Protease Inhibitor, by a Convergent Approach Based on Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7133-45. [PMID: 16958506 DOI: 10.1021/jo060285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multistep scalable synthesis of the clinically important hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor BILN 2061 (1) is described. The synthesis is highly convergent and consists of two amide bond formations, one etherification, and one ring-closing metathesis (RCM) step, using readily available building blocks 2-5. The optimization of each step is described at length. The main focus of the paper is the study of the RCM step and the description of the main problems faced when scaling up to pilot scale this highly powerful but very challenging synthetic operation. Eventually, the RCM reaction was smoothly scaled up to produce >400 kg of cyclized product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Yee
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
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38
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Gallou F, Saim S, Koenig KJ, Bochniak D, Horhota ST, Yee NK, Senanayake CH. A Practical Method for the Removal of Ruthenium Byproducts by Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op0601114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - Said Saim
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - Kenneth J. Koenig
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - David Bochniak
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - Steve T. Horhota
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - Nathan K. Yee
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma, AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemical Development and Department of Pharmaceutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, U.S.A
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39
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Johansson PO, Bäck M, Kvarnström I, Jansson K, Vrang L, Hamelink E, Hallberg A, Rosenquist A, Samuelsson B. Potent inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease: Use of a novel P2 cyclopentane-derived template. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5136-51. [PMID: 16675222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The HCV NS3 protease is essential for replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and therefore constitutes a promising new drug target for anti-HCV therapy. Several potent and promising HCV NS3 protease inhibitors, some of which display low nanomolar activities, were identified from a series of novel inhibitors incorporating a trisubstituted cyclopentane dicarboxylic acid moiety as a surrogate for the widely used N-acyl-(4R)-hydroxyproline in the P2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Ola Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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40
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Goudreau N, Llinàs-Brunet M. The therapeutic potential of NS3 protease inhibitors in HCV infection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 14:1129-44. [PMID: 16144497 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.9.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and afflicts > 170 million people. The HCV-encoded NS3 protease is essential for viral replication and has long been recognised as a prime target for antiviral drugs. However, the peculiar active site structure of this enzyme, a shallow dent on the surface of the protein, has rendered the development of small-molecule inhibitors a highly challenging task. Nevertheless, perseverance and creativity has led to significant progress in this field over the last few years resulting in three compounds that are reported to enter the clinic. The impressive reduction of HCV RNA plasma levels observed with two of these inhibitors (ciluprevir and VX-950) in clinical trials has undoubtedly illustrated the potential of this viral enzyme-targeted drug discovery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Goudreau
- Department of Chemistry, Research & Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, H7S 2G5, Canada.
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41
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Sudo K, Yamaji K, Kawamura K, Nishijima T, Kojima N, Aibe K, Shimotohno K, Shimizu Y. High-throughput screening of low molecular weight NS3-NS4A protease inhibitors using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate. Antivir Chem Chemother 2006; 16:385-92. [PMID: 16329285 DOI: 10.1177/095632020501600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-NS4A protease is an attractive target for anti-HCV agents because of its important role in replication. An optimized fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate for NS3-NS4A protease, based on the sequence of the NS5A-5B cleavage site, was designed and synthesized. High-throughput screening of in-house compound libraries was performed using a FRET substrate FS10 (MOCAcDKIVPC-SMSYK-Dnp) and MBP-NS3-NS4A fusion protein. Several hit compounds were found, including YZ-9577 (2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl) bis (phenylmethanone) with potent inhibitory activity (IC50=1.6 microM) and good selectivity against other human serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sudo
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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42
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White PW, Llinas-Brunet M, Bös M. Blunting the Swiss army knife of hepatitis C virus: inhibitors of NS3/4A protease. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:65-107. [PMID: 16697895 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Rönn R, Sabnis YA, Gossas T, Akerblom E, Danielson UH, Hallberg A, Johansson A. Exploration of acyl sulfonamides as carboxylic acid replacements in protease inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus full-length NS3. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:544-59. [PMID: 16213143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease has emerged as a promising anti-HCV drug target. Herein, we present an investigation of NS3 inhibitors comprising the acyl sulfonamide functionality. A series of tetra- and tripeptide based acyl sulfonamide inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships from both enzymatic and cell-based in vitro assays are presented. In summary, the acidity of the acyl sulfonamide functionality, the character of the P1 side chain, and the acyl sulfonamide substituent were found to be important for the inhibitory potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rönn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Poirier M, Aubry N, Boucher C, Ferland JM, LaPlante S, Tsantrizos YS. RCM of Tripeptide Dienes Containing a Chiral Vinylcyclopropane Moiety: Impact of Different Ru-Based Catalysts on the Stereochemical Integrity of the Macrocyclic Products. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10765-73. [PMID: 16355998 DOI: 10.1021/jo051706k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] Tripeptide dienes containing an (1R,2S)-vinyl aminocyclopropylcarboxylate residue were cyclized to beta-strand scaffolds under ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Conformational factors, ligand effects, and reaction conditions were evaluated. A protocol was developed for the efficient synthesis of 15-membered ring peptides in high diastereomeric purity. These peptides are key synthetic precursors to antiviral agents that target the hepatitis C virus and represent the first class of clinically validated pharmaceutical agents that are synthesized in large scale using RCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Poirier
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec H7S 2G5, Canada
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Faucher AM, Bailey MD, Beaulieu PL, Brochu C, Duceppe JS, Ferland JM, Ghiro E, Gorys V, Halmos T, Kawai SH, Poirier M, Simoneau B, Tsantrizos YS, Llinàs-Brunet M. Synthesis of BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor with proven antiviral effect in humans. Org Lett 2005; 6:2901-4. [PMID: 15330643 DOI: 10.1021/ol0489907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of BILN 2061, an NS3 protease inhibitor with proven antiviral effect in humans, was accomplished in a convergent manner from four building blocks. The procedure described here was suitable for the preparation of multigram quantities of BILN 2061 for preclinical pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Faucher
- Chemistry Department, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, Canada H7S 2G5.
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46
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Beaulieu PL, Gillard J, Bailey MD, Boucher C, Duceppe JS, Simoneau B, Wang XJ, Zhang L, Grozinger K, Houpis I, Farina V, Heimroth H, Krueger T, Schnaubelt J. Synthesis of (1R,2S)-1-Amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Vinyl-ACCA) Derivatives: Key Intermediates for the Preparation of Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5869-79. [PMID: 16018680 DOI: 10.1021/jo050468q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1R,2S)-1-Amino-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (vinyl-ACCA) is a key building block in the synthesis of potent inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease such as BILN 2061, which was recently shown to dramatically reduce viral load after administration to patients infected with HCV genotype 1. We have developed a scalable process that delivers derivatives of this unusual amino acid in >99% ee. The strategy was based on the dialkylation of a glycine Schiff base using trans-1,4-dibromo-2-butene as an electrophile to produce racemic vinyl-ACCA, which was subsequently resolved using a readily available, inexpensive esterase enzyme (Alcalase 2.4L). Factors that affect diastereoselection in the initial dialkylation steps were examined and the conditions optimized to deliver the desired diastereomer selectively. Product inhibition, which was encountered during the enzymatic resolution step, initially resulted in prolonged cycle times. Enrichment of racemic vinyl-ACCA through a chemical resolution via diastereomeric salt formation or the use of forcing conditions in the enzymatic reaction both led to improvements in throughput and the development of a viable process. The chemistry described herein was scaled up to produce multikilogram quantities of this building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Beaulieu
- Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada), Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec H7S 2G5, Canada.
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Llinàs-Brunet M, Bailey MD, Ghiro E, Gorys V, Halmos T, Poirier M, Rancourt J, Goudreau N. A Systematic Approach to the Optimization of Substrate-Based Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease: Discovery of Potent and Specific Tripeptide Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6584-94. [PMID: 15588093 DOI: 10.1021/jm0494523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inadequate efficacy and tolerability of current therapies for the infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus have warranted significant efforts in the development of new therapeutics. We have previously reported competitive peptide inhibitors of the NS3 serine protease based on the N-terminal cleavage products of peptide substrates. A detailed study of the interactions of these substrate-based inhibitors with the different subsites of the serine protease active site led to the discovery of novel residues that increased the affinity of the inhibitors. In this paper, we report the combination of the best binding residues in a tetrapeptide series that resulted in extremely potent inhibitors that bind exquisitely well to this enzyme. A substantial increase in potency was obtained with the simultaneous introduction of a 7-methoxy-2-phenyl-4-quinolinoxy moiety at the gamma-position of the P2 proline and a tert-leucine as a P3 residue. The increase in potency allowed for the further truncation and led to the identification of tripeptide inhibitors. Structure activity relationship studies on this inhibitor series led to the identification of carbamate-containing tripeptides that are able to inhibit replication of subgenomic HCV RNA in cell culture with potencies below 1 microM. This inhibitor series has the potential of becoming antiviral agents for the treatment of HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Llinàs-Brunet
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Québec, H7S 2G5, Canada.
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48
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Goudreau N, Brochu C, Cameron DR, Duceppe JS, Faucher AM, Ferland JM, Grand-Maître C, Poirier M, Simoneau B, Tsantrizos YS. Potent Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease: Design and Synthesis of Macrocyclic Substrate-Based β-Strand Mimics. J Org Chem 2004; 69:6185-201. [PMID: 15357576 DOI: 10.1021/jo049288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The virally encoded NS3 protease is essential to the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), an important human pathogen causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The design and synthesis of 15-membered ring beta-strand mimics which are capable of inhibiting the interactions between the HCV NS3 protease enzyme and its polyprotein substrate will be described. The binding interactions between a macrocyclic ligand and the enzyme were explored by NMR and molecular dynamics, and a model of the ligand/enzyme complex was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Goudreau
- Department of Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7S 2G5
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Tsantrizos YS. The design of a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease:BILN 2061?From the NMR tube to the clinic. Biopolymers 2004; 76:309-23. [PMID: 15386268 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The virally encoded serine protease NS3/NS4A is essential to the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), an important human pathogen causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Until very recently, the design of inhibitors for the HCV NS3 protease was limited to large peptidomimetic compounds with poor pharmacokinetic properties, making drug discovery an extremely challenging endeavor. In our quest for the discovery of a small-molecule lead that could block replication of the hepatitis C virus by binding to the HCV NS3 protease, the critical protein-polypeptide interactions between the virally encoded NS3 serine protease and its polyprotein substrate were investigated. Lead optimization of a substrate-based hexapeptide, guided by structural data, led to the understanding of the molecular dynamics and electronic effects that modulate the affinity of peptidomimetic ligands for the active site of this enzyme. Macrocyclic beta-strand scaffolds were designed that allowed the discovery of potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable compounds. These molecules were the first HCV NS3 protease inhibitors reported that inhibit replication of HCV subgenomic RNA in a cell-based replicon assay at low nanomolar concentrations. Optimization of their biopharmaceutical properties led to the discovery of the clinical candidate BILN 2061. Oral administration of BILN 2061 to patients infected with the hepatitis C genotype 1 virus resulted in an impressive reduction of viral RNA levels, establishing proof-of-concept for HCV NS3 protease inhibitors as therapeutic agents in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youla S Tsantrizos
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Research and Development, 2100 Cunard Street, Laval (Québec) H7S 2G5, Canada.
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