1
|
Brust CA, Swanson MA, Bohn LM. Structural and functional insights into the G protein-coupled receptors: CB1 and CB2. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1533-1543. [PMID: 37646476 PMCID: PMC10586759 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 mediate a variety of physiological processes and continue to be explored as desirable drug targets. Both receptors are activated by the endogenous endocannabinoids and the psychoactive components of marijuana. Over the years, many efforts have been made to make selective ligands; however, the high degree of homology between cannabinoid receptor subtypes introduces challenges in studying either receptor in isolation. Recent advancements in structure biology have resulted in a surge of high-resolution structures, enriching our knowledge and understanding of receptor structure and function. In this review, of recent cannabinoid receptor structures, key features of the inactive and active state CB1 and CB2 are presented. These structures will provide additional insight into the modulation and signaling mechanism of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and aid in the development of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A. Brust
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, U.S.A
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, U.S.A
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, U.S.A
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji S, Yang W, Yu W. Understanding the role of the CB1 toggle switch in interaction networks using molecular dynamics simulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22369. [PMID: 34785728 PMCID: PMC8595625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that can exert various effects on the human body through the endocannabinoid system. Understanding CB1 activation has many benefits for the medical use of cannabinoids. A previous study reported that CB1 has two notable residues referred to as the toggle switch, F3.36 and W6.48, which are important for its activation mechanism. We performed a molecular dynamics simulation with a mutation in the toggle switch to examine its role in active and inactive states. We also examined structural changes, the residue-residue interaction network, and the interaction network among helices and loops of wildtype and mutant CB1 for both activation states. As a result, we found that the energetic changes in the hydrogen-bond network of the Na+ pocket, extracellular N-terminus-TM2-ECL1-TM3 interface including D2.63-K3.28 salt-bridge, and extracellular ECL2-TM5-ECL3-TM6 interface directly linked to the toggle switch contribute to the stability of CB1 by the broken aromatic interaction of the toggle switch. It makes the conformation of inactive CB1 receptor to be unstable. Our study explained the role of the toggle switch regarding the energetic interactions related to the Na+ pocket and extracellular loop interfaces, which could contribute to a better understanding of the activation mechanism of CB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Ji
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Yang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. .,Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, 42988, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aderibigbe AO, Pandey P, Doerksen RJ. Negative allosteric modulators of cannabinoid receptor 1: Ternary complexes including CB1, orthosteric CP55940 and allosteric ORG27569. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5729-5747. [PMID: 33480332 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1873187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In October 2019, the first X-ray crystal structure of a ternary cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) complex (PDB ID: 6KQI) was published, including the well-known orthosteric agonist, CP55940, and the well-studied negative allosteric modulator, ORG27569. Prior to the release of 6KQI, we applied binding pocket analysis and molecular docking to carefully prepared computational models of the ternary CB1 complex, in order to predict the binding site for ORG27569 with the CP55940-bound CB1 receptor. We carefully studied the binding pose of agonist ligands in the CB1 orthosteric pocket, including CP55940. Our computational studies identified the most favorable binding site for ORG27569, in the CP55940-CB1 complex, to be at the intracellular end of the receptor. However, in the 6KQI structure, ORG27569 was found at an extrahelical, intramembrane site on the complex, a site that partially overlaps with the site predicted in our calculations to be second-best. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the CP55940-bound CB1 complex with ORG27569 at different binding sites. Our analysis of the simulations indicated that ORG27569 bound favorably and stably in each simulation, but, as in the earlier calculations, bound best at the intracellular site, which is different than that found in the crystal structure. These results suggest that the intracellular site might serve as an alternative binding site in CB1. Our studies show that the computational techniques we used are valuable in identifying ligand-binding pockets in proteins, and could be useful for the study of the interaction mode of other allosteric modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AyoOluwa O Aderibigbe
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang JF, Williams AH, Penthala NR, Prather PL, Crooks PA, Zhan CG. Binding Modes and Selectivity of Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) Receptor Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3455-3463. [PMID: 32997485 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid (CB) receptors (CB1R and CB2R) represent a promising therapeutic target for several indications such as nociception and obesity. The ligands with nonselectivity can be traced to the high similarity in the binding sites of both cannabinoid receptors. Therefore, the need for selectivity, potency, and G-protein coupling bias has further complicated the design of desired compounds. The bias of currently studied cannabinoid agonists is seldom investigated, and agonists that do exhibit bias are typically nonselective. However, certain long-chain endocannabinoids represent a class of selective and potent CB1R agonists. The binding mode for this class of compounds has remained elusive, limiting the implementation of its binding features to currently studied agonists. Hence, in the present study, the binding poses for these long-chain cannabinoids, along with other interesting ligands, with the receptors have been determined, by using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations along with molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations. The binding poses for the long-chain cannabinoids implicate that a site surrounded by the transmembrane (TM)2, TM7, and extracellular loop (ECL)2 is vital for providing the long-chain ligands with the selectivity for CB1R, especially I267 of CB1R (corresponding to L182 of CB2R). Based on the obtained binding modes, the calculated relative binding free energies and selectivity are all in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, suggesting that the determined binding poses are reasonable. The computational strategy used in this study may also prove fruitful in applications with other GPCRs or membrane-bound proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Paul L. Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Navaratne PV, Wilkerson JL, Ranasinghe KD, Semenova E, Felix JS, Ghiviriga I, Roitberg A, McMahon LR, Grenning AJ. Axially Chiral Cannabinols: A New Platform for Cannabinoid-Inspired Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:728-732. [PMID: 32061146 PMCID: PMC10173896 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids (and synthetic analogs thereof) are gaining significant attention as promising leads in modern medicine. Considering this, new directions for the design of phytocannabinoid-inspired molecules is of immediate interest. In this regard, we have hypothesized that axially-chiral-cannabinols (ax-CBNs), unnatural and unknown isomers of cannabinol (CBN) may be valuable scaffolds for cannabinoid-inspired drug discovery. There are two main factors directing our interest to these scaffolds: (a) ax-CBNs would have ground-state three-dimensionality; ligand-receptor interactions can be more significant with complimentary 3D-topology, and (b) ax-CBNs at their core structure are biaryl molecules, generally attractive platforms for pharmaceutical development due to their ease of functionalization and stability. Herein we report a synthesis of ax-CBNs, examine physical properties experimentally and computationally, and perform a comparative analysis of ax-CBN and THC in mice behavioral studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Evgeniya Semenova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jasmine S Felix
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Adrian Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lance R McMahon
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahlgren C, Meinander A, Zhang H, Cheng F, Preis M, Xu C, Salminen TA, Toivola D, Abankwa D, Rosling A, Karaman DŞ, Salo-Ahen OMH, Österbacka R, Eriksson JE, Willför S, Petre I, Peltonen J, Leino R, Johnson M, Rosenholm J, Sandler N. Tailored Approaches in Drug Development and Diagnostics: From Molecular Design to Biological Model Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28892296 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to increase the efficiency in developing drugs and diagnostics tools, including new drug delivery and diagnostic technologies, are needed for improved diagnosis and treatment of major diseases and health problems such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, chronic wounds, and antibiotic resistance. Development within several areas of research ranging from computational sciences, material sciences, bioengineering to biomedical sciences and bioimaging is needed to realize innovative drug development and diagnostic (DDD) approaches. Here, an overview of recent progresses within key areas that can provide customizable solutions to improve processes and the approaches taken within DDD is provided. Due to the broadness of the area, unfortunately all relevant aspects such as pharmacokinetics of bioactive molecules and delivery systems cannot be covered. Tailored approaches within (i) bioinformatics and computer-aided drug design, (ii) nanotechnology, (iii) novel materials and technologies for drug delivery and diagnostic systems, and (iv) disease models to predict safety and efficacy of medicines under development are focused on. Current developments and challenges ahead are discussed. The broad scope reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the field of DDD and aims to highlight the convergence of biological, pharmaceutical, and medical disciplines needed to meet the societal challenges of the 21st century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technical University of Eindhoven; 5613 DR Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Annika Meinander
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Maren Preis
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Natural Materials Technology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Diana Toivola
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technical University of Eindhoven; 5613 DR Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Ari Rosling
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Polymer Technologies; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Physics; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Natural Materials Technology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Ion Petre
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Computer Science; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Physical Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Organic Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Mark Johnson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahlgren C, Meinander A, Zhang H, Cheng F, Preis M, Xu C, Salminen TA, Toivola D, Abankwa D, Rosling A, Karaman DŞ, Salo-Ahen OMH, Österbacka R, Eriksson JE, Willför S, Petre I, Peltonen J, Leino R, Johnson M, Rosenholm J, Sandler N. Tailored Approaches in Drug Development and Diagnostics: From Molecular Design to Biological Model Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700258 10.1002/adhm.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technical University of Eindhoven; 5613 DR Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Annika Meinander
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Maren Preis
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Natural Materials Technology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Diana Toivola
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling; University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technical University of Eindhoven; 5613 DR Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Ari Rosling
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Polymer Technologies; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Ronald Österbacka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Physics; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Cell Biology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Natural Materials Technology; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Ion Petre
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Computer Science; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Physical Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Organic Chemistry; Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20500 Turku Finland
| | - Mark Johnson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory; Åbo Akademi University; FI-20520 Turku Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scott C, Ahn KH, Graf ST, Goddard WA, Kendall DA, Abrol R. Computational Prediction and Biochemical Analyses of New Inverse Agonists for the CB1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:201-12. [PMID: 26633590 PMCID: PMC4863456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) G-protein coupled receptor is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. The previously predicted and experimentally validated ensemble of ligand-free conformations of CB1 [Scott, C. E. et al. Protein Sci. 2013 , 22 , 101 - 113 ; Ahn, K. H. et al. Proteins 2013 , 81 , 1304 - 1317] are used here to predict the binding sites for known CB1-selective inverse agonists including rimonabant and its seven known derivatives. This binding pocket, which differs significantly from previously published models, is used to identify 16 novel compounds expected to be CB1 inverse agonists by exploiting potential new interactions. We show experimentally that two of these compounds exhibit inverse agonist properties including inhibition of basal and agonist-induced G-protein coupling activity, as well as an enhanced level of CB1 cell surface localization. This demonstrates the utility of using the predicted binding sites for an ensemble of CB1 receptor structures for designing new CB1 inverse agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin
E. Scott
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kwang H. Ahn
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven T. Graf
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Debra A. Kendall
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma MK, Murumkar PR, Kuang G, Tang Y, Yadav MR. Identifying the structural features and diversifying the chemical domain of peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists using molecular modeling techniques. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A four featured pharmacophore and predictive 3D-QSAR models were developed which were used for virtual screening of the Asinex database to get chemically diverse hits of peripherally active CB1 receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanglin Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara–390 001
- India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iyer MR, Cinar R, Liu J, Godlewski G, Szanda G, Puhl H, Ikeda SR, Deschamps J, Lee YS, Steinbach PJ, Kunos G. Structural Basis of Species-Dependent Differential Affinity of 6-Alkoxy-5-Aryl-3-Pyridinecarboxamide Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:238-44. [PMID: 26013543 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Alkoxy-5-aryl-3-pyridincarboxamides, including the brain-penetrant compound 14G: [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide] and its peripherally restricted analog 14H: [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-3-pyridinecarboxamide], have been recently introduced as selective, high-affinity antagonists of the human cannabinoid-1 receptor (hCB1R). Binding analyses revealed two orders of magnitude lower affinity of these compounds for mouse and rat versus human CB1R, whereas the affinity of rimonabant is comparable for all three CB1Rs. Modeling of ligand binding to CB1R and binding assays with native and mutant (Ile105Met) hCB1Rs indicate that the Ile105 to Met mutation in rodent CB1Rs accounts for the species-dependent affinity of 14G: and 14H: . Our work identifies Ile105 as a new pharmacophore component for developing better hCB1R antagonists and invalidates rodent models for assessing the antiobesity efficacy of 14G: and 14H: .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Gergö Szanda
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Henry Puhl
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Stephen R Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Deschamps
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Yong-Sok Lee
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - Peter J Steinbach
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies (M.R.I., R.C., J.L., G.G., G.S., G.K.) and Laboratory of Molecular Physiology (H.P., S.R.I.), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. (J.D.); and Center for Molecular Modeling, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.-S.L., P.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Espinosa-Bustos C, Lagos CF, Romero-Parra J, Zárate AM, Mella-Raipán J, Pessoa-Mahana H, Recabarren-Gajardo G, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Tapia RA, Pessoa-Mahana CD. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Binding Mode Modeling of Benzimidazole Derivatives Targeting the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:81-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Javier Romero-Parra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Ana M. Zárate
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Universidad de Valparaiso, Playa Ancha; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | | | - Ricardo A. Tapia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - C. David Pessoa-Mahana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
13
|
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and comparative docking study of 1,2,4-triazolones as CB1 receptor selective antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
14
|
Beyond radio-displacement techniques for identification of CB1 ligands: the first application of a fluorescence-quenching assay. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3757. [PMID: 24441508 PMCID: PMC3895875 DOI: 10.1038/srep03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 1 Receptor (CB1) belongs to the GPCR family and it has been targeted, so far, for the discovery of drugs aimed at the treatment of neuropathic pain, nausea, vomit, and food intake disorders. Here, we present the development of the first fluorescent assay enabling the measurement of kinetic binding constants for CB1orthosteric ligands. The assay is based on the use of T1117, a fluorescent analogue of AM251. We prove that T1117 binds endogenous and recombinant CB1 receptors with nanomolar affinity. Moreover, T1117 binding to CB1 is sensitive to the allosteric ligand ORG27569 and thus it is applicable to the discovery of new allosteric drugs. The herein presented assay constitutes a sustainable valid alternative to the expensive and environmental impacting radiodisplacement techniques and paves the way for an easy, fast and cheap high-throughput drug screening toward CB1 for identification of new orthosteric and allosteric modulators.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Patel RY, Doerksen RJ. Structure of the cannabinoid receptor 1: homology modeling of its inactive state and enrichment study based on CB1 antagonist docking. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cannabinoid 1 receptor models were prepared and the best one was selected based on the models' performance in selecting known ligands from a pool of competitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
| | - Ronak Y. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahn KH, Scott CE, Abrol R, Goddard WA, Kendall DA. Computationally-predicted CB1 cannabinoid receptor mutants show distinct patterns of salt-bridges that correlate with their level of constitutive activity reflected in G protein coupling levels, thermal stability, and ligand binding. Proteins 2013; 81:1304-17. [PMID: 23408552 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), a member of the class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, possesses an observable level of constitutive activity. Its activation mechanism, however, has yet to be elucidated. Previously we discovered dramatic changes in CB1 activity due to single mutations; T3.46A, which made the receptor inactive, and T3.46I and L3.43A, which made it essentially fully constitutively active. Our subsequent prediction of the structures of these mutant receptors indicated that these changes in activity are explained in terms of the pattern of salt-bridges in the receptor region involving transmembrane domains 2, 3, 5, and 6. Here we identified key salt-bridges, R2.37 + D6.30 and D2.63 + K3.28, critical for CB1 inactive and active states, respectively, and generated new mutant receptors that we predicted would change CB1 activity by either precluding or promoting these interactions. We find that breaking the R2.37 + D6.30 salt-bridge resulted in substantial increase in G-protein coupling activity and reduced thermal stability relative to the wild-type reflecting the changes in constitutive activity from inactive to active. In contrast, breaking the D2.63 + K3.28 salt-bridge produced the opposite profile suggesting this interaction is critical for the receptor activation. Thus, we demonstrate an excellent correlation with the predicted pattern of key salt-bridges and experimental levels of activity and conformational flexibility. These results are also consistent with the extended ternary complex model with respect to shifts in agonist and inverse agonist affinity and provide a powerful framework for understanding the molecular basis for the multiple stages of CB1 activation and that of other GPCRs in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang H Ahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shim JY, Bertalovitz AC, Kendall DA. Probing the interaction of SR141716A with the CB1 receptor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38741-54. [PMID: 22995906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SR141716A binds selectively to the brain cannabinoid (CB1) receptor and exhibits a potent inverse agonist/antagonist activity. Although SR141716A, also known as rimonabant, has been withdrawn from the market due to severe side effects, there remains interest in some of its many potential medical applications. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the mechanism by which SR141716A exerts its inverse agonist activity. As a result of using an approach combining mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined the binding mode of SR141716A. We found from the simulation of the CB1-SR141716A complex that SR141716A projects toward TM5 to interact tightly with the major binding pocket, replacing the coordinated water molecules, and secures the Trp-356(6.48) rotameric switch in the inactive state to promote the formation of an extensive water-mediated H-bonding network to the highly conserved SLAXAD and NPXXY motifs in TM2/TM7. We identify for the first time the involvement of the minor binding pocket formed by TM2/TM3/TM7 for SR141716A binding, which complements the major binding pocket formed by TM3/TM5/TM6. Simulation of the F174(2.61)A mutant CB1-SR141716A complex demonstrates the perturbation of TM2 that attenuates SR141716A binding indirectly. These results suggest SR141716A exerts inverse agonist activity through the stabilization of both TM2 and TM5, securing the Trp-356(6.48) rotameric switch and restraining it from activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- J. L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ligand-specific homology modeling of human cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 38:155-64. [PMID: 23079645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor is a therapeutic drug target, and its structure and conformational changes after ligand binding are of great interest. To study the protein conformations in ligand bound state and assist in drug discovery, CB1 receptor homology models are needed for computer-based ligand screening. The known CB1 ligands are highly diverse structurally, so CB1 receptor may undergo considerable conformational changes to accept different ligands, which is challenging for molecular docking methods. To account for the flexibility of CB1 receptor, we constructed four CB1 receptor models based on four structurally distinct ligands, HU-210, ACEA, WIN55212-2 and SR141716A, using the newest X-ray crystal structures of human β₂ adrenergic receptor and adenosine A(2A) receptor as templates. The conformations of these four CB1-ligand complexes were optimized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The models revealed interactions between CB1 receptor and known binders suggested by experiments and could successfully discriminate known ligands and non-binders in our docking assays. MD simulations were used to study the most flexible ligand, ACEA, in its free and bound states to investigate structural mobility achieved by the rearrangement of the fatty acid chain. Our models may capture important conformational changes of CB1 receptor to help improve accuracy in future CB1 drug screening.
Collapse
|
19
|
In silico investigation of interactions between human cannabinoid receptor-1 and its antagonists. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3831-45. [PMID: 22402754 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays a vital role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. CB(1) antagonists such as Rimonabant have been used in clinic to inhibit food intake, and therefore reduce body weight in obese animals and humans. To investigate the binding modes of CB(1) antagonists to the receptor, both receptor- and ligand-based methods were implemented in this study. At first, a pharmacophore model was generated based on 31 diverse CB(1) antagonists collected from literature. A test set validation and a simulated virtual screening evaluation were then performed to verify the reliability and discriminating ability of the pharmacophore. Meanwhile, the homology model of CB(1) receptor was constructed based on the crystal structure of human β (2) adrenergic receptor (β (2)-AR). Several classical antagonists were then docked into the optimized homology model with induced fit docking method. A hydrogen bond between the antagonists and Lys192 on the third transmembrane helix of the receptor was formed in the docking study, which has proven to be critical for receptor-ligand interaction by biological experiments. The structure obtained from induced fit docking was then confirmed to be a reliable model for molecular docking from the result of the simulated virtual screening. The consistency between the pharmacophore and the homology structure further proved the previous observation. The built receptor structure and antagonists' pharmacophore should be useful for the understanding of inhibitory mechanism and development of novel CB(1) antagonists.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nithipatikom K, Gomez-Granados AD, Tang AT, Pfeiffer AW, Williams CL, Campbell WB. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) activation inhibits small GTPase RhoA activity and regulates motility of prostate carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:29-41. [PMID: 22087025 PMCID: PMC3249681 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated in an autocrine fashion by the endocannabinoids (EC), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The CB1 and its endogenous and synthetic agonists are emerging as therapeutic targets in several cancers due to their ability to suppress carcinoma cell invasion and migration. However, the mechanisms that the CB1 regulates cell motility are not well understood. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that diminish cell migration upon the CB1 activation in prostate carcinoma cells. The CB1 activation with the agonist WIN55212 significantly diminishes the small GTPase RhoA activity but modestly increases the Rac1 and Cdc42 activity. The diminished RhoA activity is accompanied by the loss of actin/myosin microfilaments, cell spreading, and cell migration. Interestingly, the CB1 inactivation with the selective CB1 antagonist AM251 significantly increases RhoA activity, enhances microfilament formation and cell spreading, and promotes cell migration. This finding suggests that endogenously produced EC activate the CB1, resulting in chronic repression of RhoA activity and cell migration. Consistent with this possibility, RhoA activity is significantly diminished by the exogenous application of AEA but not by 2-AG in PC-3 cells (cells with very low AEA hydrolysis). Pretreatment of cells with a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, JZL184, which blocks 2-AG hydrolysis, decreases the RhoA activity. These results indicate the unique CB1 signaling and support the model that EC, through their autocrine activation of CB1 and subsequent repression of RhoA activity, suppress migration in prostate carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Nithipatikom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Durdagi S, Papadopoulos MG, Mavromoustakos T. An effort to discover the preferred conformation of the potent AMG3 cannabinoid analog when reaching the active sites of the cannabinoid receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 47:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Update 1 of: computational modeling approaches to structure-function analysis of G protein-coupled receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR438-535. [PMID: 22165845 DOI: 10.1021/cr100437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blaazer AR, Lange JH, van der Neut MA, Mulder A, den Boon FS, Werkman TR, Kruse CG, Wadman WJ. Novel indole and azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists: Design, synthesis, structure–activity relationships, physicochemical properties and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5086-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
24
|
Shim JY. Understanding functional residues of the cannabinoid CB1. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 10:779-98. [PMID: 20370713 DOI: 10.2174/156802610791164210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor that mediates numerous physiological processes in response to marijuana and other psychoactive compounds is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and shares common structural features with many rhodopsin class GPCRs. For the rational development of therapeutic agents targeting the CB(1) receptor, understanding of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions responsible for unique G protein signals is crucial. For a more than a decade, a combination of mutagenesis and computational modeling approaches has been successfully employed to study the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions. In this review, after a brief discussion about recent advances in understanding of some structural and functional features of GPCRs commonly applicable to the CB(1) receptor, the CB(1) receptor functional residues reported from mutational studies are divided into three different types, ligand binding (B), receptor stabilization (S) and receptor activation (A) residues, to delineate the nature of the binding pockets of anandamide, CP55940, WIN55212-2 and SR141716A and to describe the molecular events of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor activation from ligand binding to G protein signaling. Taken these CB(1) receptor functional residues, some of which are unique to the CB(1) receptor, together with the biophysical knowledge accumulated for the GPCR active state, it is possible to propose the early stages of the CB(1) receptor activation process that not only provide some insights into understanding molecular mechanisms of receptor activation but also are applicable for identifying new therapeutic agents by applying the validated structure-based approaches, such as virtual high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based approach (FBA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- J.L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scrima M, Di Marino S, Grimaldi M, Mastrogiacomo A, Novellino E, Bifulco M, D'Ursi AM. Binding of the hemopressin peptide to the cannabinoid CB1 receptor: structural insights. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10449-57. [PMID: 21062041 DOI: 10.1021/bi1011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemopressin, a bioactive nonapeptide derived from the α1 chain of hemoglobin, was recently shown to possess selective antagonist activity at the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor [Heimann, A. S., et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 20588-20593]. CB(1) receptor antagonists have been extensively studied for their possible therapeutic use in the treatment of obesity, drug abuse, and heroin addiction. In particular, many compounds acting as CB(1) receptor antagonists have been synthesized and subjected to experiments as possible anti-obesity drugs, but their therapeutic application is still complicated by important side effects. Using circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this work reports the conformational analysis of hemopressin and its truncated, biologically active fragment hemopressin(1-6). The binding modes of both hemopressin and hemopressin(1-6) are investigated by molecular docking calculations. Our conformational data indicate that regular turn structures in the central portion of hemopressin and hemopressin(1-6) are critical for an effective interaction with the receptor. The results of molecular docking calculations, indicating similarities and differences in comparison to the most accepted CB(1) pharmacophore model, suggest the possibility of new chemical scaffolds for the design of new CB(1) antagonist lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Scrima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phenol-derived chiral phosphine–phosphite ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of functionalized olefins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Sitkoff DF, Lee N, Ellsworth BA, Huang Q, Kang L, Baska R, Huang Y, Sun C, Pendri A, Malley MF, Scaringe RP, Gougoutas JZ, Reggio PH, Ewing WR, Pelleymounter MA, Carlson KE. Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor ligand binding and function examined through mutagenesis studies of F200 and S383. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 651:9-17. [PMID: 21044623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid CB(1) G protein-coupled receptor has been shown to be a regulator of food consumption and has been studied extensively as a drug target for the treatment of obesity. To advance understanding of the receptor's three-dimensional structure, we performed mutagenesis studies at human cannabinoid CB(1) receptor residues F200 and S383 and measured changes in activity and binding affinity of compounds from two recently discovered active chemotypes, arylsulfonamide agonists and tetrahydroquinoline-based inverse agonists, as well as literature compounds. Our results add support to previous findings that both agonists and inverse agonists show varied patterns of binding at the two mutated residue sites, suggesting multiple subsites for binding to the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor for both functional types of ligands. We additionally find that an F200L mutation in the receptor largely restores binding affinity to ligands and significantly decreases constitutive activity when compared to F200A, resulting in a receptor phenotype that is closer to the wild-type receptor. The results downplay the importance of aromatic stacking interactions at F200 and suggest that a bulky hydrophobic contact is largely sufficient to provide significant receptor function and binding affinity to cannabinoid CB(1) receptor ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doree F Sitkoff
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-5400, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bertalovitz AC, Ahn KH, Kendall DA. Ligand Binding Sensitivity of the Extracellular Loop Two of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1. Drug Dev Res 2010; 71:404-411. [PMID: 21170298 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor one (CB1) is a class A G-protein-coupled receptor thought to bind ligands primarily within its helical bundle. Evidence suggests, however, that the extracellular domain may also play a role. We have previously shown that the C-terminus of the extracellular loop 2 of CB1 is important in binding some compounds; receptors with mutations in this region (F268W, P269A, H270A, and I271A) bound some agonists with severely reduced affinity relative to the wild-type receptor. In the present work, we examine the impact of these mutations on binding a chemically diverse set of ligands. The receptors, F268W and I271A, exhibited a greater sensitivity to binding the inverse agonists/antagonists SLV319, AVE1625, NESS0327 relative to P269A and H270A, suggesting that the Pro and His are not involved in binding those compounds. In contrast, binding of the agonists, BAY593074 and WIN55212-2, was diminished in all four receptors, suggesting the conformational unit contributed by all four residues is important. A more marked loss in binding was observed for agonists of the nonclassical (CP55940) and classical (HU-210, JWH061, JWH179) cannabinoid classes and for a silent antagonist derivative (O-2050), pointing to the critical nature of this region for binding both the bicyclic/tricyclic core and the alkyl chain of these derivatives. However, moving the location of the alkyl chain on a series of pyrazole analogues shows it can be better accommodated in certain locations (O-1255) than others (O-1302, O-1690) and underscores the involvement of residues F268 and I271.
Collapse
|
29
|
Synthesis and cannabinoid-1 receptor binding affinity of conformationally constrained analogs of taranabant. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4757-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Zvonok N, Xu W, Williams J, Janero DR, Krishnan SC, Makriyannis A. Mass spectrometry-based GPCR proteomics: comprehensive characterization of the human cannabinoid 1 receptor. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1746-53. [PMID: 20131867 DOI: 10.1021/pr900870p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human cannabinoid 1 receptor (hCB1), a ubiquitous G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), transmits cannabinergic signals that participate in diverse (patho)physiological processes. Pharmacotherapeutic hCB1 targeting is considered a tractable approach for treating such prevalent diseases as obesity, mood disorders, and drug addiction. The hydrophobic nature of the transmembrane helices of hCB1 presents a formidable difficulty to its direct structural analysis. Comprehensive experimental characterization of functional hCB1 by mass spectrometry (MS) is essential to the targeting of affinity probes that can be used to define directly hCB1 binding domains using a ligand-assisted experimental approach. Such information would greatly facilitate the rational design of hCB1-selective agonists/antagonists with therapeutic potential. We report the first high-coverage MS analysis of the primary sequence of the functional hCB1 receptor, one of the few such comprehensive MS-based analyses of any GPCR. Recombinant C-terminal hexa-histidine-tagged hCB1 (His6-hCB1) was expressed in cultured insect (Spodoptera frugiperda) cells, solubilized by a procedure devised to enhance receptor purity following metal-affinity chromatography, desalted by buffer exchange, and digested in solution with (chymo)trypsin. "Bottom-up" nanoLC-MS/MS of the (chymo)tryptic digests afforded a degree of overall hCB1 coverage (>94%) thus far reported for only two other GPCRs. This MS-compatible procedure devised for His6-hCB1 sample preparation, incorporating in-solution (chymo)trypsin digestion in the presence of a low concentration of CYMAL-5 detergent, may be applicable to the MS-based proteomic characterization of other GPCRs. This work should help enable future ligand-assisted structural characterization of hCB1 binding motifs at the amino-acid level using rationally designed and targeted covalent cannabinergic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Zvonok
- Northeastern University, Center for Drug Discovery, 116 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lange JHM, Coolen HKAC, van der Neut MAW, Borst AJM, Stork B, Verveer PC, Kruse CG. Design, Synthesis, Biological Properties, and Molecular Modeling Investigations of Novel Tacrine Derivatives with a Combination of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonism. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1338-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jos H. M. Lange
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Hein K. A. C. Coolen
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice J. M. Borst
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Stork
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. Verveer
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Chris G. Kruse
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garcia A, Borchardt D, Chang CEA, Marsella MJ. Thermal Isomerization of Cannabinoid Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16640-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907062v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Dan Borchardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Chia-En A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Michael J. Marsella
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silvestri R, Ligresti A, Regina GL, Piscitelli F, Gatti V, Brizzi A, Pasquini S, Lavecchia A, Allarà M, Fantini N, Carai MAM, Novellino E, Colombo G, Marzo VD, Corelli F. Synthesis, cannabinoid receptor affinity, molecular modeling studies and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of new substituted 1-aryl-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides. 2. Effect of the 3-carboxamide substituent on the affinity and selectivity profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5549-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Ahn KH, Bertalovitz AC, Mierke DF, Kendall DA. Dual role of the second extracellular loop of the cannabinoid receptor 1: ligand binding and receptor localization. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:833-42. [PMID: 19643997 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.057356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven transmembrane alpha-helices of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the hallmark of this superfamily. Intrahelical interactions are critical to receptor assembly and, for the GPCR subclass that binds small molecules, ligand binding. Most research has focused on identifying the ligand binding pocket within the helical bundle, whereas the role of the extracellular loops remains undefined. Molecular modeling of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) extracellular loop 2 (EC2), however, suggests that EC2 is poised for key interactions. To test this possibility, we employed alanine scanning mutagenesis of CB1 EC2 and identified two distinct regions critical for ligand binding, G protein coupling activity, and receptor trafficking. Receptors with mutations in the N terminus of EC2 (W255A, N256A) were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and did not bind the agonist (1R,3R,4R)-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-phenyl]-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexan-1-ol (CP55940) or the inverse agonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide(SR141716A). In contrast, the C terminus of EC2 differentiates agonist and inverse agonist; the P269A, H270A, and I271A receptors exhibited diminished binding for several agonists but bound inverse agonists SR141716A, N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251), and 4-[6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-3-carbonyl]benzonitrile (LY320135) with wild-type receptor affinity. The F268A receptor involving substitution in the Cys-X-X-X-Ar motif, displayed both impaired localization and ligand binding. Other amino acid substitutions at position 268 revealed that highly hydrophobic residues are required to accomplish both functions. It is noteworthy that a F268W receptor was trafficked to the cell surface yet displayed differential binding preference for inverse agonists comparable with the P269A, H270A, and I271A receptors. The findings are consistent with a dual role for EC2 in stabilizing receptor assembly and in ligand binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang H Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Durdagi S, Papadopoulos MG, Zoumpoulakis PG, Koukoulitsa C, Mavromoustakos T. A computational study on cannabinoid receptors and potent bioactive cannabinoid ligands: homology modeling, docking, de novo drug design and molecular dynamics analysis. Mol Divers 2009; 14:257-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Lee SH, Seo HJ, Lee SH, Jung ME, Park JH, Park HJ, Yoo J, Yun H, Na J, Kang SY, Song KS, Kim MA, Chang CH, Kim J, Lee J. Biarylpyrazolyl Oxadiazole as Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7216-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ho Lee
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Seo
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Lee
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Myung Eun Jung
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jakyung Yoo
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Hoseop Yun
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jooran Na
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Suk Youn Kang
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Kwang-Seop Song
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Min-ah Kim
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Chong-Hwan Chang
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Central Research Laboratories, Green Cross Corporation, 303 Bojeong-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-770, Korea, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Division of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kiss R, Viskolcz B, Keserű GM. Activation Mechanism of the Human Histamine H4 Receptor - An Explicit Membrane Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Chem Inf Model 2008; 48:1199-210. [DOI: 10.1021/ci700450w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kiss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hõgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrõi út 19-21., H-1103 Budapest, Hungary, and Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hõgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrõi út 19-21., H-1103 Budapest, Hungary, and Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
| | - György M. Keserű
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hõgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary, Gedeon Richter Plc, Gyömrõi út 19-21., H-1103 Budapest, Hungary, and Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kiss R, Kiss B, Könczöl A, Szalai F, Jelinek I, László V, Noszál B, Falus A, Keseru GM. Discovery of novel human histamine H4 receptor ligands by large-scale structure-based virtual screening. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3145-53. [PMID: 18459760 DOI: 10.1021/jm7014777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was conducted on a ligand-supported homology model of the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R). More than 8.7 million 3D structures derived from different vendor databases were investigated by docking to the hH4R binding site using FlexX. A total of 255 selected compounds were tested by radioligand binding assay and 16 of them possessed significant [(3)H]histamine displacement. Several novel scaffolds were identified that can be used to develop selective H4 ligands in the future. As far as we know, this is the first SBVS reported on H4R, representing one of the largest virtual screens validated by the biological evaluation of the virtual hits.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang H, Duffy RA, Boykow GC, Chackalamannil S, Madison VS. Identification of novel cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists by using virtual screening with a pharmacophore model. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2439-46. [PMID: 18363352 DOI: 10.1021/jm701519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CB1 receptor antagonists have proven to be clinically effective in treating obesity and related disorders. We report here the identification of a novel class of azetidinone CB1 antagonists by using virtual screening methods. For this purpose, we developed a pharmacophore model based on known representative CB1 antagonists and employed it to screen a database of about a half million Schering-Plough compounds. We applied a stepwise filtering protocol based on molecular weight, compound availability, and a modified rule-of-five to reduce the number of hits. We then combined Bayesian modeling and clustering techniques to select a final set of 420 compounds for in vitro testing. Five compounds were found to have >50% inhibition at 100 nM in a CB1 competitive binding assay and were further characterized by using both CB1 and CB2 assays. The most potent compound has a CB1 K i of 53 nM and >5-fold selectivity against the CB2 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Wang
- Department of Structural Chemistry, CNS Biological Research, and CNS/CV Chemistry, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lin LS, Ha S, Ball RG, Tsou NN, Castonguay LA, Doss GA, Fong TM, Shen CP, Xiao JC, Goulet MT, Hagmann WK. Conformational analysis and receptor docking of N-[(1S,2S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-2-methyl-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}propanamide (taranabant, MK-0364), a novel, acyclic cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2108-14. [PMID: 18333607 DOI: 10.1021/jm7014974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallographic, NMR spectroscopic, and computational studies of taranabant afforded similar low-energy conformers with a significant degree of rigidity along the C11-N13-C14-C16-C17 backbone but with more flexibility around bonds C8-C11 and C8-O7. Mutagenesis and docking studies suggested that taranabant and rimonabant shared the same general binding area of CB1R but with significant differences in detailed interactions. Similar to rimonabant, taranabant interacted with a cluster of aromatic residues (F(3.36)200, W(5.43)279, W(6.48)356, and Y(5.39)275) through the two phenyl rings and with F(2.57)170 and L(7.42)387 through the CF 3-Pyr ring. The notable distinction between taranabant and rimonabant was that taranabant was hydrogen-bonded with S(7.39)383 but not with K(3.28)192, while rimonabant was hydrogen-bonded with K(3.28)192 but not with S(7.39)383. The strong hydrogen bonding between the amide NH of taranabant and hydroxyl of S(7.39)383 was key to the superior affinity of taranabant to CB1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus S Lin
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Systems, Process Research, and Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Silvestri R, Cascio MG, La Regina G, Piscitelli F, Lavecchia A, Brizzi A, Pasquini S, Botta M, Novellino E, Di Marzo V, Corelli F. Synthesis, Cannabinoid Receptor Affinity, and Molecular Modeling Studies of Substituted 1-Aryl-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1560-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070566z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Gonzalez A, Duran LS, Araya-Secchi R, Garate JA, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Lagos CF, Perez-Acle T. Computational modeling study of functional microdomains in cannabinoid receptor type 1. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4378-89. [PMID: 18342519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The seven transmembrane helices (TMH) G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the largest superfamily of signaling proteins found in mammals. Some of its members, in which the cannabinoid (CB) receptors are included, stand out because their functional states can be modulated by a broad spectrum of effector molecules. The relative ligand promiscuity exhibited by these receptors could be related with particular attributes conferred by their molecular architecture and represents a motivating issue to be explored. In this regard, this study represents an effort to investigate the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) ligand recognition plasticity, using comparative modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and docking. Our results suggest that a cooperative set of subtle structural rearrangements within the TMHs provide to the CB1 protein the plasticity to reach alternate configurations. These changes include the relaxation of intramolecular constraints, the rotations, translations and kinks of the majority of TMHs and the reorganization of the ligand binding cavities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gonzalez
- Centre for Bioinformatics CBUC, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 49-6513492, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors have been described as two prime sites of action for endocannabinoids. Both the localization and pharmacology of these two G-protein-coupled receptors are well-described, and numerous selective ligands have been characterized. The physiological effects of Cannabis sativa (cannabis) and a throughout study of the endocannabinoid system allowed for the identification of several pathophysiological conditions--including obesity, dyslipidemia, addictions, inflammation, and allergies--in which blocking the cannabinoid receptors might be beneficial. Many CB1 receptor antagonists are now in clinical trials, and the results of several studies involving the CB1 antagonist lead compound rimonabant (SR141716A) are now available. This review describes the pharmacological tools that are currently available and the animal studies supporting the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. The data available from the clinical trials are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio G Muccioli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen W, McCormack P, Mohammed K, Mbafor W, Roberts S, Whittall J. Stereoselective Synthesis of Ferrocene-BasedC2-Symmetric Diphosphine Ligands: Application to the Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α-Substituted Cinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Chen W, McCormack PJ, Mohammed K, Mbafor W, Roberts SM, Whittall J. Stereoselective Synthesis of Ferrocene-BasedC2-Symmetric Diphosphine Ligands: Application to the Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α-Substituted Cinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4141-4. [PMID: 17443750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Chen
- StylaCats Ltd. Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kapur A, Hurst DP, Fleischer D, Whitnell R, Thakur GA, Makriyannis A, Reggio PH, Abood ME. Mutation studies of Ser7.39 and Ser2.60 in the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor: evidence for a serine-induced bend in CB1 transmembrane helix 7. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1512-24. [PMID: 17384224 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands of structurally diverse natures are able to bind at the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor, suggesting the existence of multiple binding sites on the receptor. Modeling studies have implicated Ser2.60(173) and Ser7.39(383) as possible interaction site(s) for CB(1) agonists. To test the importance of these residues for receptor recognition, recombinant human CB(1) receptors, stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, were used to investigate the consequences of mutating Ser2.60 (to S2.60A) or Ser7.39 (to S7.39A) in radioligand binding and guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate functional assays. The S7.39A mutant resulted in a total ablation of [(3)H](-)-3-[2-hydroxyl-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4-[3-hydroxylpropyl] cyclohexan-1-ol (CP55,940) high-affinity binding. However, [(3)H](R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]-pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl](1-naphthalenyl)methanone (WIN55,212-2) binding properties at S7.39A were comparable with those of the wild-type (WT) receptor. The binding affinity of (-)-11beta-hydroxy-3-(1',1'-dimethylheptyl)hexahydrocannabinol (AM4056) and (-)-11-hydroxydimethylheptyl-Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (HU210) were drastically reduced (50- to 100-fold) at the S7.39A mutant. Likewise, the EC(50) for HU210 and AM4056-mediated activation of the S7.39A receptor was increased by >200-fold. In contrast, the binding affinity and potency of WIN55,212-2, CP55,940, HU210, and AM4056 were unaltered at the S2.60A mutant compared with WT human CB(1) receptors. These results clearly suggest that Ser7.39, but not Ser2.60, plays a crucial role in mediating ligand specific interactions for CP55,940, HU210, and AM4056 at the human CB(1) receptor. Our modeling studies predict that Ser7.39 in a g-chi1 conformation may induce a helix bend in TMH7 that provides docking space for CP55,940 binding; the S7.39A mutation may alter this binding space, precluding CP55,940 binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kapur
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Strasser A, Wittmann HJ. LigPath: a module for predictive calculation of a ligand’s pathway into a receptor-application to the gpH1 - receptor. J Mol Model 2006; 13:209-18. [PMID: 17024405 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Until now, the access of ligands into the binding pocket of a G-protein coupled receptor has scarcely been studied using molecular-modeling techniques because of the lack of sufficient algorithms. Neither with Monte-Carlo- nor with Molecular Dynamics Simulations can the penetration of a ligand into the binding pocket of a receptor be calculated because of the excessive amount of computing time needed. Therefore, a new algorithm LigPath for approximate calculation of a ligand's pathway into the binding pocket has been developed. This new algorithm is based on a linkage of directional guiding of the ligand, Monte-Carlo-Search and minimization. In order to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, the guinea-pig histamine H(1) receptor was investigated in combination with one of its potent agonists, histaprodifen, which is proposed to bind in a pocket deep between the transmembrane helices of the receptor. Our calculations show that the amino acids Tyr194, Phe193, Phe436 and Phe433 guide the positively charged histaprodifen from the extracellular part of the receptor into the binding pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Adam J, Cowley PM, Kiyoi T, Morrison AJ, Mort CJW. Recent progress in cannabinoid research. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:207-329. [PMID: 16697899 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adam
- Organon Research, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Computational Modeling Approaches to Structure−Function Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3297-351. [PMID: 16159154 DOI: 10.1021/cr000095n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lange JHM, Kruse CG. Keynote review: Medicinal chemistry strategies to CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Drug Discov Today 2005; 10:693-702. [PMID: 15896682 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The proven clinical efficacy of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant in both obesity and smoking cessation and its therapeutic potential in other disorders has given a tremendous impetus to the discovery of novel CB(1) antagonists. The number of disclosed patents wherein novel chemical entities having CB(1) antagonistic or inverse agonistic properties have been claimed has exploded. Besides novel compound classes that were identified in screening, rational medicinal chemistry approaches such as conformational constraint and scaffold hopping have been successfully applied. CB(1) receptor modelling has provided insight into crucial receptor-ligand interaction points thereby leading to a general CB(1) inverse agonist pharmacophore model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jos H M Lange
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|