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Soler-Cedeño O, Alton H, Bi GH, Linz E, Ji L, Makriyannis A, Xi ZX. AM6527, a neutral CB1 receptor antagonist, suppresses opioid taking and seeking, as well as cocaine seeking in rodents without aversive effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1678-1688. [PMID: 38600154 PMCID: PMC11399149 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical research has demonstrated the efficacy of CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists in reducing drug-taking behavior. However, clinical trials with rimonabant, a CB1R antagonist with inverse agonist profile, failed due to severe adverse effects, such as depression and suicidality. As a result, efforts have shifted towards developing novel neutral CB1R antagonists without an inverse agonist profile for treating substance use disorders. Here, we assessed AM6527, a CB1R neutral antagonist, in addiction animal models. Our findings revealed that AM6527 did not affect cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio reinforcement schedules but dose-dependently inhibited it under progressive-ratio reinforcement schedules. Additionally, AM6527 dose-dependently inhibited heroin self-administration under both fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio reinforcement schedules and oral sucrose self-administration under a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule, as well as cocaine- or heroin-triggered reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in rats. However, chronic AM6527 administration for five consecutive days significantly inhibited heroin self-administration only during the initial two days, indicating tolerance development. Notably, AM6527 did not produce rewarding or aversive effects by itself in classical electrical intracranial self-stimulation and conditioned place preference tests. However, in optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) maintained by optogenetic stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons in DAT-cre mice, both AM6527 and rimonabant dose-dependently inhibited dopamine-dependent oICSS behavior. Together, these findings suggest that AM6527 effectively reduces drug-taking and seeking behaviors without rimonabant-like adverse effects. Thus, AM6527 warrants further investigation as a potential pharmacotherapy for opioid and cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Soler-Cedeño
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training (PRAT) Fellow, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Alton
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Linz
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Neutral CB1 Receptor Antagonists as Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders: Rationale, Evidence, and Challenge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203262. [PMID: 36291128 PMCID: PMC9600259 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) has been one of the major targets in medication development for treating substance use disorders (SUDs). Early studies indicated that rimonabant, a selective CB1R antagonist with an inverse agonist profile, was highly promising as a therapeutic for SUDs. However, its adverse side effects, such as depression and suicidality, led to its withdrawal from clinical trials worldwide in 2008. Consequently, much research interest shifted to developing neutral CB1R antagonists based on the recognition that rimonabant’s side effects may be related to its inverse agonist profile. In this article, we first review rimonabant’s research background as a potential pharmacotherapy for SUDs. Then, we discuss the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic anti-addictive effects versus its adverse effects. Lastly, we discuss the rationale for developing neutral CB1R antagonists as potential treatments for SUDs, the supporting evidence in recent research, and the challenges of this strategy. We conclude that developing neutral CB1R antagonists without inverse agonist profile may represent attractive strategies for the treatment of SUDs.
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3
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Therapeutic potential of PIMSR, a novel CB1 receptor neutral antagonist, for cocaine use disorder: evidence from preclinical research. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:286. [PMID: 35851573 PMCID: PMC9293959 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) have been major targets in medication development for the treatment of substance use disorders. However, clinical trials with rimonabant, a CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist, failed due to severe side effects. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of PIMSR, a neutral CB1R antagonist lacking an inverse agonist profile, against cocaine's behavioral effects in experimental animals. We found that systemic administration of PIMSR dose-dependently inhibited cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio (FR5), but not FR1, reinforcement, shifted the cocaine self-administration dose-response curve downward, decreased incentive motivation to seek cocaine under progressive-ratio reinforcement, and reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. PIMSR also inhibited oral sucrose self-administration. Importantly, PIMSR alone is neither rewarding nor aversive as assessed by place conditioning. We then used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) to explore the possible involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system in PIMSR's action. We found that PIMSR dose-dependently attenuated cocaine-enhanced ICSS maintained by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in rats. PIMSR itself failed to alter electrical ICSS, but dose-dependently inhibited ICSS maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons in transgenic DAT-Cre mice, suggesting the involvement of dopamine-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we examined the CB1R mechanisms underlying PIMSR's action. We found that PIMSR pretreatment attenuated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)- or ACEA (a selective CB1R agonist)-induced reduction in optical ICSS. Together, our findings suggest that the neutral CB1R antagonist PIMSR deserves further research as a promising pharmacotherapeutic for cocaine use disorder.
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4
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Liu M, Mao Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Pd-catalyzed Site-selective direct arene C H arylation of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Nguyen T, Thomas BF, Zhang Y. Overcoming the Psychiatric Side Effects of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists: Current Approaches for Therapeutics Development. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1418-1435. [PMID: 31284863 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190708164841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor (CB1R) is involved in a variety of physiological pathways and has long been considered a golden target for therapeutic manipulation. A large body of evidence in both animal and human studies suggests that CB1R antagonism is highly effective for the treatment of obesity, metabolic disorders and drug addiction. However, the first-in-class CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, though demonstrating effectiveness for obesity treatment and smoking cessation, displays serious psychiatric side effects, including anxiety, depression and even suicidal ideation, resulting in its eventual withdrawal from the European market. Several strategies are currently being pursued to circumvent the mechanisms leading to these side effects by developing neutral antagonists, peripherally restricted ligands, and allosteric modulators. In this review, we describe the progress in the development of therapeutics targeting the CB1R in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Brian F Thomas
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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6
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Laprairie RB, Mohamed KA, Zagzoog A, Kelly MEM, Stevenson LA, Pertwee R, Denovan-Wright EM, Thakur GA. Indomethacin Enhances Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:257. [PMID: 31680861 PMCID: PMC6813218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its known actions as a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 inhibitor, we hypothesized that indomethacin can act as an allosteric modulator of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) because of its shared structural features with the known allosteric modulators of CB1R. Indomethacin enhanced the binding of [3H]CP55940 to hCB1R and enhanced AEA-dependent [35S]GTPγS binding to hCB1R in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell membranes. Indomethacin (1 μM) also enhanced CP55940-dependent βarrestin1 recruitment, cAMP inhibition, ERK1/2 and PLCβ3 phosphorylation in HEK293A cells expressing hCB1R, but not in cells expressing hCB2R. Finally, indomethacin enhanced the magnitude and duration of CP55940-induced hypolocomotion, immobility, hypothermia, and anti-nociception in C57BL/6J mice. Together, these data support the hypothesis that indomethacin acted as a positive allosteric modulator of hCB1R. The identification of structural and functional features shared amongst allosteric modulators of CB1R may lead to the development of novel compounds designed for greater CB1R or COX selectivity and compounds designed to modulate both the prostaglandin and endocannabinoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kawthar A Mohamed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayat Zagzoog
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lesley A Stevenson
- School of Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Pertwee
- School of Medical Sciences, The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Cannabis: From a Plant That Modulates Feeding Behaviors toward Developing Selective Inhibitors of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System for the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050275. [PMID: 31096702 PMCID: PMC6563239 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in regulating energy and metabolic homeostasis. Endocannabinoids, via activating the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), are commonly known as mediators of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis due to their activity in the central nervous system, which in turn regulates food intake and underlies the development of metabolic syndrome. Indeed, these findings led to the clinical testing of globally acting CB1R blockers for obesity and various metabolic complications. However, their therapeutic potential was halted due to centrally mediated adverse effects. Recent observations that highlighted the key role of the peripheral eCB system in metabolic regulation led to the preclinical development of various novel compounds that block CB1R only in peripheral organs with very limited brain penetration and without causing behavioral side effects. These unique molecules, which effectively ameliorate obesity, type II diabetes, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and chronic kidney disease in several animal models, are likely to be further developed in the clinic and may revive the therapeutic potential of blocking CB1R once again.
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8
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Tham M, Yilmaz O, Alaverdashvili M, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM, Laprairie RB. Allosteric and orthosteric pharmacology of cannabidiol and cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl at the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1455-1469. [PMID: 29981240 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to understand why (-)-cannabidiol (CBD) and (-)-cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl (CBD-DMH) exhibit distinct pharmacology, despite near identical structures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HEK293A cells expressing either human type 1 cannabinoid (CB1 ) receptors or CB2 receptors were treated with CBD or CBD-DMH with or without the CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist CP55,940, CB1 receptor allosteric modulator Org27569 or CB2 receptor inverse agonist SR144528. Ligand binding, cAMP levels and βarrestin1 recruitment were measured. CBD and CBD-DMH binding was simulated with models of human CB1 or CB2 receptors, based on the recently published crystal structures of agonist-bound (5XRA) or antagonist-bound (5TGZ) human CB1 receptors. KEY RESULTS At CB1 receptors, CBD was a negative allosteric modulator (NAM), and CBD-DMH was a mixed agonist/positive allosteric modulator. CBD and Org27569 shared multiple interacting residues in the antagonist-bound model of CB1 receptors (5TGZ) but shared a binding site with CP55,940 in the agonist-bound model of CB1 receptors (5XRA). The binding site for CBD-DMH in the CB1 receptor models overlapped with CP55,940 and Org27569. At CB2 receptors, CBD was a partial agonist, and CBD-DMH was a positive allosteric modulator of cAMP modulation but a NAM of βarrestin1 recruitment. CBD, CP55,940 and SR144528 shared a binding site in the CB2 receptor models that was separate from CBD-DMH. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The pharmacological activity of CBD and CBD-DMH in HEK293A cells and their modelled binding sites at CB1 and CB2 receptors may explain their in vivo effects and illuminates the difficulties associated with the development of allosteric modulators for CB1 and CB2 receptors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylyne Tham
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mariam Alaverdashvili
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Opthamology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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9
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Seltzman HH, Maitra R, Bortoff K, Henson J, Reggio PH, Wesley D, Tam J. Metabolic Profiling of CB1 Neutral Antagonists. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:199-215. [PMID: 28750803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PIMSR is among the first neutral antagonists for the CB1R and was demonstrated pharmacologically to bind to the CB1R, yet not alter calcium flux. It was further shown computationally to be able to stabilize both the active and inactive states of CB1R revealing the molecular interactions that mechanistically afford the property of neutral antagonism. PIMSR shows dramatic positive effects in reducing weight, food intake, and adiposity as well as in improving glycemic control and lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, but also shows increased ALT and liver weight as markers of liver injury with chronic administration. Further, in a separate study, 3-day administration of PIMSR in C57BL/6J mice, hepatic steatosis from an acute administration of high of ethanol was significantly reduced. Also, it partially prevented alcohol-induced increases in ALT, AST, and LDH. The differences in ALT levels in obese and nonobese mice under different test paradigms are unlikely to be due to neutral antagonism itself since other neutral antagonists (AM6545) do not exhibit liver injury. The brain levels of low micromolar would support significant brain CB1 receptor occupancy (re: Ki=17nM), thus potentially including both CNS and peripheral influences on the observed weight loss. Overall, these studies suggest that marked improvements in aspects of metabolic disease and alcoholic steatosis can be realized with CB1R neutral antagonists and hence warrants the exploration of further members of this class of cannabinoid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert H Seltzman
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Patricia H Reggio
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Wesley
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Su L, Guo DD, Li B, Guo SH, Pan GF, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Monoarylation of Aryl C−H Bonds with Iodoarenes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Dong-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Shi-Huan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
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11
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Hoffman AF, Lycas MD, Kaczmarzyk JR, Spivak CE, Baumann MH, Lupica CR. Disruption of hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation by psychoactive synthetic cannabinoid 'Spice' compounds: comparison with Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol. Addict Biol 2017; 22:390-399. [PMID: 26732435 PMCID: PMC4935655 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been a marked increase in the availability of synthetic drugs designed to mimic the effects of marijuana. These cannabimimetic drugs, sold illicitly as 'Spice' and related products, are associated with serious medical complications in some users. In vitro studies suggest that synthetic cannabinoids in these preparations are potent agonists at central cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs), but few investigations have delineated their cellular effects, particularly in comparison with the psychoactive component of marijuana, Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC). We compared the ability of three widely abused synthetic cannabinoids and Δ9 -THC to alter glutamate release and long-term potentiation in the mouse hippocampus. JWH-018 was the most potent inhibitor of hippocampal synaptic transmission (EC50 ~15 nM), whereas its fluoropentyl derivative, AM2201, inhibited synaptic transmission with slightly lower potency (EC50 ~60 nM). The newer synthetic cannabinoid, XLR-11, displayed much lower potency (EC50 ~900 nM) that was similar to Δ9 -THC (EC50 ~700 nM). The effects of all compounds occurred via activation of CB1Rs, as demonstrated by reversal with the selective antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 or the neutral CB1R antagonist PIMSR1. Moreover, AM2201 was without effect in the hippocampus of transgenic mice lacking the CB1R. Hippocampal slices exposed to either synthetic cannabinoids or Δ9 -THC exhibited significantly impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). We find that, compared with Δ9 -THC, the first-generation cannabinoids found in Spice preparations display higher potency, whereas a recent synthetic cannabinoid is roughly equipotent with Δ9 -THC. The disruption of synaptic function by these synthetic cannabinoids is likely to lead to profound impairments in cognitive and behavioral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology BranchNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Matthew D. Lycas
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology BranchNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology BranchNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Charles E. Spivak
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology BranchNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer Drug Research UnitNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Carl R. Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology BranchNational Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMDUSA
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12
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Janero DR, Korde A, Makriyannis A. Ligand-Assisted Protein Structure (LAPS): An Experimental Paradigm for Characterizing Cannabinoid-Receptor Ligand-Binding Domains. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:217-235. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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13
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Jaiswal Y, Kumar Y, Thakur R, Pal J, Subramanian R, Kumar A. Primary Amide Directed Regioselective ortho-C–H-Arylation of (Aryl)Acetamides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12499-12505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Jaiswal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Rima Thakur
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, Bihar, India
| | - Jagannath Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Ranga Subramanian
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta 801103, Bihar, India
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14
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Laprairie RB, Kulkarni AR, Kulkarni PM, Hurst DP, Lynch D, Reggio PH, Janero DR, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM, Thakur GA. Mapping Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s): Critical Molecular Determinant and Signaling Profile of GAT100, a Novel, Potent, and Irreversibly Binding Probe. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:776-98. [PMID: 27046127 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in brain, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), is a tractable therapeutic target for treating diverse psychobehavioral and somatic disorders. Adverse on-target effects associated with small-molecule CB1R orthosteric agonists and inverse agonists/antagonists have plagued their translational potential. Allosteric CB1R modulators offer a potentially safer modality through which CB1R signaling may be directed for therapeutic benefit. Rational design of candidate, druglike CB1R allosteric modulators requires greater understanding of the architecture of the CB1R allosteric endodomain(s) and the capacity of CB1R allosteric ligands to tune the receptor's information output. We have recently reported the synthesis of a focused library of rationally designed, covalent analogues of Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1, two prototypic CB1R negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Among the novel, pharmacologically active CB1R NAMs reported, the isothiocyanate GAT100 emerged as the lead by virtue of its exceptional potency in the [(35)S]GTPγS and β-arrestin signaling assays and its ability to label CB1R as a covalent allosteric probe with significantly reduced inverse agonism in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay as compared to Org27569. We report here a comprehensive functional profiling of GAT100 across an array of important downstream cell-signaling pathways and analysis of its potential orthosteric probe-dependence and signaling bias. The results demonstrate that GAT100 is a NAM of the orthosteric CB1R agonist CP55,940 and the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide for β-arrestin1 recruitment, PLCβ3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP accumulation, and CB1R internalization in HEK293A cells overexpressing CB1R and in Neuro2a and STHdh(Q7/Q7) cells endogenously expressing CB1R. Distinctively, GAT100 was a more potent and efficacious CB1R NAM than Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 in all signaling assays and did not exhibit the inverse agonism associated with Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1. Computational docking studies implicate C7.38(382) as a key feature of GAT100 ligand-binding motif. These data help inform the engineering of newer-generation, druggable CB1R allosteric modulators and demonstrate the utility of GAT100 as a covalent probe for mapping structure-function correlates characteristic of the druggable CB1R allosteric space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dow P. Hurst
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Diane Lynch
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Center
for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | | | - Roger G. Pertwee
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - Lesley A. Stevenson
- School of
Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland
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15
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Lazzari P, Distinto R, Manca I, Baillie G, Murineddu G, Pira M, Falzoi M, Sani M, Morales P, Ross R, Zanda M, Jagerovic N, Pinna GA. A critical review of both the synthesis approach and the receptor profile of the 8-chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide and analogue derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:194-208. [PMID: 27240274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-Chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide 9a was discovered as potent and selective CB1 antagonist by part of our group few years ago. In particular it was reported to have an affinity towards the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), expressed as Ki, of 0.00035 nM. Nevertheless significantly divergent data were reported for the same compound from other laboratories. To unequivocally define the receptor profile of 9a, we have critically reviewed both its synthesis approach and binding data. Here we report that, in contrast to our previously reported data, 9a showed a Ki value for CB1R in the order of nanomolar rather than of fentomolar range. The new determined receptor profile of 9a was also ascertained for analogue derivatives 9b-i, as well as for 12. Moreover, the structural features of the synthesized compounds necessary for CB1R were investigated. Amongst the novel series, effects on CB1R intrinsic activity was highlighted due to the substituents at the position 3 of the pyrazole ring of the 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole scaffold. Although the cannabinoid receptor profile of 9a was reviewed in this work, the relevance of this compound in CB1R antagonist based drug discovery is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzari
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy.
| | - Rita Distinto
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilaria Manca
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Gemma Baillie
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Pira
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Matteo Falzoi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Lab. Genetica, Università di Cagliari, Via T.Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Ross
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gérard Aimè Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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16
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Glass M, Govindpani K, Furkert DP, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Flanagan JU. One for the Price of Two…Are Bivalent Ligands Targeting Cannabinoid Receptor Dimers Capable of Simultaneously Binding to both Receptors? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:353-363. [PMID: 26917061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent ligands bridging two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provide valuable pharmacological tools to target oligomers. The success of therapeutically targeting the cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been limited, in part due to its widespread neuronal distribution. Therefore, CB1 ligands targeting oligomers that exhibit restricted distribution or altered pharmacology are highly desirable, and several bivalent ligands containing a CB1 pharmacophore have been reported. Bivalent ligand action presumes that the ligand simultaneously binds to both receptors within the dimeric complex. However, based on the current understanding of CB1 ligand binding, existing bivalent ligands are too short to bind both receptors simultaneously. However, ligands with longer linkers may not be the solution, because evidence suggests that ligands enter CB1 through the lipid bilayer and, thus, linkers are unlikely to exit the receptor through its external face. Thus, the entire premise of designing bivalent ligands targeting CB1 must be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karan Govindpani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel P Furkert
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Center for Drug Design, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Center for Drug Design, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Maurice Wilkens Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Scott C, Ahn KH, Graf ST, Goddard WA, Kendall DA, Abrol R. Computational Prediction and Biochemical Analyses of New Inverse Agonists for the CB1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:201-12. [PMID: 26633590 PMCID: PMC4863456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) G-protein coupled receptor is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. The previously predicted and experimentally validated ensemble of ligand-free conformations of CB1 [Scott, C. E. et al. Protein Sci. 2013 , 22 , 101 - 113 ; Ahn, K. H. et al. Proteins 2013 , 81 , 1304 - 1317] are used here to predict the binding sites for known CB1-selective inverse agonists including rimonabant and its seven known derivatives. This binding pocket, which differs significantly from previously published models, is used to identify 16 novel compounds expected to be CB1 inverse agonists by exploiting potential new interactions. We show experimentally that two of these compounds exhibit inverse agonist properties including inhibition of basal and agonist-induced G-protein coupling activity, as well as an enhanced level of CB1 cell surface localization. This demonstrates the utility of using the predicted binding sites for an ensemble of CB1 receptor structures for designing new CB1 inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin
E. Scott
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kwang H. Ahn
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven T. Graf
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Debra A. Kendall
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Sharma MK, Murumkar PR, Kuang G, Tang Y, Yadav MR. Identifying the structural features and diversifying the chemical domain of peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists using molecular modeling techniques. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A four featured pharmacophore and predictive 3D-QSAR models were developed which were used for virtual screening of the Asinex database to get chemically diverse hits of peripherally active CB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanglin Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara–390 001
- India
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19
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Modulation of food consumption and sleep-wake cycle in mice by the neutral CB1 antagonist ABD459. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 26:289-303. [PMID: 25356730 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The brain endocannabinoid system is a potential target for the treatment of psychiatric and metabolic conditions. Here, a novel CB1 receptor antagonist (ABD459) was synthesized and assayed for pharmacological efficacy in vitro and for modulation of food consumption, vigilance staging and cortical electroencephalography in the mouse. ABD459 completely displaced the CB1 agonist CP99540 at a Ki of 8.6 nmol/l, and did not affect basal, but antagonized CP55940-induced GTPγS binding with a KB of 7.7 nmol/l. Acute ABD459 (3-20 mg/kg) reliably inhibited food consumption in nonfasted mice, without affecting motor activity. Active food seeking was reduced for 5-6 h postdrug, with no rebound after washout. Epidural recording of electroencephalogram confirmed that ABD459 (3 mg/kg) robustly reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with no alterations of wakefulness or non-REM sleep. Effects were strongest during 3 h postdrug, followed by a progressive washout period. The CB1 antagonist AM251 (3 mg/kg) and agonist WIN-55,212-2 (WIN-2: 3 mg/kg) also reduced REM, but variously affected other vigilance stages. WIN-2 caused a global suppression of normalized spectral power. AM251 and ABD459 lowered delta power and increased power in the theta band in the hippocampus, but not the prefrontal cortex. The neutral antagonist ABD459 thus showed a specific role of endocannabinoid release in attention and arousal, possibly through modulation of cholinergic activity.
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20
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Wang H, Treadway T, Covey DP, Cheer JF, Lupica CR. Cocaine-Induced Endocannabinoid Mobilization in the Ventral Tegmental Area. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1997-2008. [PMID: 26365195 PMCID: PMC4857883 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that acts upon the brain’s reward circuitry via the inhibition of mono-amine uptake. Endogenous cannabinoids (eCB) are lipid molecules released from midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons that modulate cocaine’s effects through poorly understood mechanisms. We find that cocaine stimulates release of the eCB, 2-arach-idonoylglycerol (2-AG), in the rat ventral midbrain to suppress GABAergic inhibition of DA neurons, through activation of presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Cocaine mobilizes 2-AG via inhibition of norepinephrine uptake and promotion of a cooperative interaction between Gq/11-coupled type-1 metabotropic glutamate and α1-adrenergic receptors to stimulate internal calcium stores and activate phospholipase C. The disinhibition of DA neurons by cocaine-mobilized 2-AG is also functionally relevant because it augments DA release in the nucleus accumbens in vivo. Our results identify a mechanism through which the eCB system can regulate the rewarding and addictive properties of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Wang
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tyler Treadway
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Daniel P Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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21
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Mahmoud MM, Olszewska T, Liu H, Shore DM, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Lu D, Kendall DA. (4-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)(cyclohexyl)methanone hydrochloride (LDK1229): a new cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist from the class of benzhydryl piperazine analogs. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:197-206. [PMID: 25411367 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some inverse agonists of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) have been demonstrated to be anorectic antiobesity drug candidates. However, the first generation of CB1 inverse agonists, represented by rimonabant (SR141716A), otenabant, and taranabant, are centrally active, with a high level of psychiatric side effects. Hence, the discovery of CB1 inverse agonists with a chemical scaffold distinct from these holds promise for developing peripherally active CB1 inverse agonists with fewer side effects. We generated a new CB1 inverse agonist, (4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)(cyclohexyl)methanone hydrochloride (LDK1229), from the class of benzhydryl piperazine analogs. This compound binds to CB1 more selectively than cannabinoid receptor type 2, with a Ki value of 220 nM. Comparable CB1 binding was also observed by analogs 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-cinnamylpiperazine dihydrochloride (LDK1203) and 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-tosylpiperazine hydrochloride (LDK1222), which differed by the substitution on the piperazine ring where the piperazine of LDK1203 and LDK1222 are substituted by an alkyl group and a tosyl group, respectively. LDK1229 exhibits efficacy comparable with SR141716A in antagonizing the basal G protein coupling activity of CB1, as indicated by a reduction in guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate binding. Consistent with inverse agonist behavior, increased cell surface localization of CB1 upon treatment with LDK1229 was also observed. Although docking and mutational analysis showed that LDK1229 forms similar interactions with the receptor as SR141716A does, the benzhydryl piperazine scaffold is structurally distinct from the first-generation CB1 inverse agonists. It offers new opportunities for developing novel CB1 inverse agonists through the optimization of molecular properties, such as the polar surface area and hydrophilicity, to reduce the central activity observed with SR141716A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Mahmoud
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Teresa Olszewska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Derek M Shore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Dai Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (M.M.M.); Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas (T.O., H. L., D.L.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina (D.M.S., D.P.H., P.H.R.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (D.A.K.)
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22
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Scott CE, Abrol R, Ahn KH, Kendall DA, Goddard WA. Molecular basis for dramatic changes in cannabinoid CB1 G protein-coupled receptor activation upon single and double point mutations. Protein Sci 2014. [PMID: 23184890 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in determining the activation mechanism of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the most important types of proteins for intercellular signaling. Recently, it was demonstrated for the cannabinoid CB1 GPCR, that a single mutation T210A could make CB1 completely inactive whereas T210I makes it essentially constitutively active. To obtain an understanding of this dramatic dependence of activity on mutation, we used first-principles-based methods to predict the ensemble of low-energy seven-helix conformations for the wild-type (WT) and mutants (T210A and T210I). We find that the transmembrane (TM) helix packings depend markedly on these mutations, leading for T210A to both TM3+TM6 and TM2+TM6 salt-bridge couplings in the cytoplasmic face that explains the inactivity of this mutant. In contrast T210I has no such couplings across the receptor explaining the ease in activating this mutant. WT has just the TM3+TM6 coupling, known to be broken upon GPCR activation. To test this hypothesis on activity, we predicted double mutants that would convert the inactive mutant to normal activity and then confirmed this experimentally. This CB1 activation mechanism, or one similar to it, is expected to play a role in other constitutively active GPCRs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Scott
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Materials and Process Simulation Center, MC 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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23
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Walentiny D, Vann R, Mahadevan A, Kottani R, Gujjar R, Wiley J. Novel 3-substituted rimonabant analogues lack Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol-like abuse-related behavioural effects in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:10-20. [PMID: 23297801 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous structure-activity relationship studies with analogues of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant have demonstrated that a subset of these analogues with 3-substituent replacements of rimonabant's pyrazole core displayed cannabimimetic profiles seemingly independent of CB1 receptors. We sought to further evaluate these analogues in several behavioural models sensitive to detecting THC-like abuse liability. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Selected analogues were tested in a battery of tests in mice to replicate previous findings. Cross-generalization tests were conducted in mice trained to discriminate either THC or O-6629 from vehicle. Rimonabant and its analogues were also evaluated in substitution and challenge tests. Finally, development of cross-tolerance between THC and O-6211 in the mouse test battery was assessed. KEY RESULTS O-6629 and O-6658 produced dose-dependent acute cannabimimetic activity in mice, but neither substituted for nor antagonized THC's discriminative stimulus. Cross-substitution was observed with O-6658 in mice discriminating O-6629, whereas rimonabant neither substituted for nor attenuated the O-6629 discriminative stimulus. THC and morphine did not generate O-6629-like responding. Cross-tolerance did not develop in mice repeatedly treated with THC when tested with O-6211 in the mouse test battery. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS While some overlap exists between the pharmacological profiles of THC and these 3-substituent rimonabant analogues, the effects are mediated by distinct neural targets. Notably, these analogues are unlikely to possess marijuana-like abuse liability in humans, but general abuse liability has not yet been determined. Efforts to determine the mechanism(s) of action of this seemingly unique class of compounds are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dm Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
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24
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Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Liu H, Patel RY, Doerksen RJ. Structure of the cannabinoid receptor 1: homology modeling of its inactive state and enrichment study based on CB1 antagonist docking. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cannabinoid 1 receptor models were prepared and the best one was selected based on the models' performance in selecting known ligands from a pool of competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
| | - Ronak Y. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Mississippi
- University, USA
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26
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Shore DM, Baillie GL, Hurst DH, Navas F, Seltzman HH, Marcu JP, Abood ME, Ross RA, Reggio PH. Allosteric modulation of a cannabinoid G protein-coupled receptor: binding site elucidation and relationship to G protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5828-45. [PMID: 24366865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) allosteric modulator, 5-chloro-3-ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid [2-(4-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl)-ethyl]-amide) (ORG27569), has the paradoxical effect of increasing the equilibrium binding of [(3)H](-)-3-[2-hydroxyl-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4-[3-hydroxylpropyl]cyclohexan-1-ol (CP55,940, an orthosteric agonist) while at the same time decreasing its efficacy (in G protein-mediated signaling). ORG27569 also decreases basal signaling, acting as an inverse agonist for the G protein-mediated signaling pathway. In ligand displacement assays, ORG27569 can displace the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, N-(piperidiny-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide(SR141716A). The goal of this work was to identify the binding site of ORG27569 at CB1. To this end, we used computation, synthesis, mutation, and functional studies to identify the ORG27569-binding site in the CB1 TMH3-6-7 region. This site is consistent with the results of K3.28(192)A, F3.36(200)A, W5.43(279)A, W6.48(356)A, and F3.25(189)A mutation studies, which revealed the ORG27569-binding site overlaps with our previously determined binding site of SR141716A but extends extracellularly. Additionally, we identified a key electrostatic interaction between the ORG27569 piperidine ring nitrogen and K3.28(192) that is important for ORG27569 to act as an inverse agonist. At this allosteric site, ORG27569 promotes an intermediate conformation of the CB1 receptor, explaining ORG27569's ability to increase equilibrium binding of CP55,940. This site also explains ORG27569's ability to antagonize the efficacy of CP55,940 in three complementary ways. 1) ORG27569 sterically blocks movements of the second extracellular loop that have been linked to receptor activation. 2) ORG27569 sterically blocks a key electrostatic interaction between the third extracellular loop residue Lys-373 and D2.63(176). 3) ORG27569 packs against TMH6, sterically hindering movements of this helix that have been shown to be important for receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Shore
- From the Center for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
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27
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Manca I, Mastinu A, Olimpieri F, Falzoi M, Sani M, Ruiu S, Loriga G, Volonterio A, Tambaro S, Bottazzi MEH, Zanda M, Pinna GA, Lazzari P. Novel pyrazole derivatives as neutral CB 1 antagonists with significant activity towards food intake. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:256-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hurst DP, Schmeisser M, Reggio PH. Endogenous lipid activated G protein-coupled receptors: emerging structural features from crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 169:46-56. [PMID: 23485612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are thought to have a common topology that includes seven transmembrane alpha helices (TMHs) that are arranged to form a closed bundle. This bundle forms the ligand binding pocket into which ligands are commonly thought to enter via the extracellular milieu. This ligand approach direction makes sense for GPCRs that have small positively charged ligands, such as the beta-2-adrenergic or the dopamine D2 receptor. However, there is a growing sub-group of Class A GPCRs that bind lipid-derived endogenous ligands, such as the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors (with endogenous ligands, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and sn-2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG)) and the S1P1-5 receptors (with endogenous ligand, sphingosine-1-phosphate). Even the widely studied Class A GPCR, rhodopsin, binds a highly lipophillic chromophore (11-cis-retinal). For these receptors, ligand approach from the extracellular milieu has seemed unlikely given that the ligands of these receptors readily partition into lipid or are actually synthesized in the lipid bilayer. The recent X-ray-crystal structure of the sub-type 1 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P1) provides important information on the key structural variations that may be the hallmarks for a Class A GPCR that binds lipid-derived ligands. These include an extracellular domain that is closed off to the extracellular milieu and the existence of an opening between transmembrane helices that may serve as a portal for ligand entry via the lipid bilayer. This review examines structural aspects that the cannabinoid receptors may share with the S1P1 receptor based upon sequence homology. This review also examines experimental and simulation results that suggest ligand entry via a lipid portal is quite likely for this emerging sub-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dow P Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
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In silico investigation of interactions between human cannabinoid receptor-1 and its antagonists. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3831-45. [PMID: 22402754 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays a vital role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. CB(1) antagonists such as Rimonabant have been used in clinic to inhibit food intake, and therefore reduce body weight in obese animals and humans. To investigate the binding modes of CB(1) antagonists to the receptor, both receptor- and ligand-based methods were implemented in this study. At first, a pharmacophore model was generated based on 31 diverse CB(1) antagonists collected from literature. A test set validation and a simulated virtual screening evaluation were then performed to verify the reliability and discriminating ability of the pharmacophore. Meanwhile, the homology model of CB(1) receptor was constructed based on the crystal structure of human β (2) adrenergic receptor (β (2)-AR). Several classical antagonists were then docked into the optimized homology model with induced fit docking method. A hydrogen bond between the antagonists and Lys192 on the third transmembrane helix of the receptor was formed in the docking study, which has proven to be critical for receptor-ligand interaction by biological experiments. The structure obtained from induced fit docking was then confirmed to be a reliable model for molecular docking from the result of the simulated virtual screening. The consistency between the pharmacophore and the homology structure further proved the previous observation. The built receptor structure and antagonists' pharmacophore should be useful for the understanding of inhibitory mechanism and development of novel CB(1) antagonists.
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Nithipatikom K, Gomez-Granados AD, Tang AT, Pfeiffer AW, Williams CL, Campbell WB. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) activation inhibits small GTPase RhoA activity and regulates motility of prostate carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:29-41. [PMID: 22087025 PMCID: PMC3249681 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated in an autocrine fashion by the endocannabinoids (EC), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The CB1 and its endogenous and synthetic agonists are emerging as therapeutic targets in several cancers due to their ability to suppress carcinoma cell invasion and migration. However, the mechanisms that the CB1 regulates cell motility are not well understood. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that diminish cell migration upon the CB1 activation in prostate carcinoma cells. The CB1 activation with the agonist WIN55212 significantly diminishes the small GTPase RhoA activity but modestly increases the Rac1 and Cdc42 activity. The diminished RhoA activity is accompanied by the loss of actin/myosin microfilaments, cell spreading, and cell migration. Interestingly, the CB1 inactivation with the selective CB1 antagonist AM251 significantly increases RhoA activity, enhances microfilament formation and cell spreading, and promotes cell migration. This finding suggests that endogenously produced EC activate the CB1, resulting in chronic repression of RhoA activity and cell migration. Consistent with this possibility, RhoA activity is significantly diminished by the exogenous application of AEA but not by 2-AG in PC-3 cells (cells with very low AEA hydrolysis). Pretreatment of cells with a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, JZL184, which blocks 2-AG hydrolysis, decreases the RhoA activity. These results indicate the unique CB1 signaling and support the model that EC, through their autocrine activation of CB1 and subsequent repression of RhoA activity, suppress migration in prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Nithipatikom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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31
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Wiley JL, Selley DE, Wang P, Kottani R, Gadthula S, Mahadeven A. 3-Substituted pyrazole analogs of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB₁) receptor antagonist rimonabant: cannabinoid agonist-like effects in mice via non-CB₁, non-CB₂ mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:433-44. [PMID: 22085649 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypic cannabinoid type 1 (CB₁) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, is comprised of a pyrazole core surrounded by a carboxyamide with terminal piperidine group (3-substituent), a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group (1-substituent), a 4-chlorophenyl group (5-substituent), and a methyl group (4-substituent). Previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis has suggested that the 3-position may be involved in receptor recognition and agonist activity. The goal of the present study was to develop CB₁-selective compounds and explore further the SAR of 3-substitution on the rimonabant template. 3-Substituted analogs with benzyl and alkyl amino, dihydrooxazole, and oxazole moieties were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Several notable patterns emerged. First, most of the analogs exhibited CB₁ selectivity, with many lacking affinity for the CB₂ receptor. Affinity tended to be better when [³H]5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716), rather than [³H](-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4(1,1-dimethyl-heptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxy-propyl)cyclohexanol (CP55,940), was used as the binding radioligand. Second, many of the analogs produced an agonist-like profile of effects in mice (i.e., suppression of activity, antinociception, hypothermia, and immobility); however, their potencies were not well correlated with their CB₁ binding affinities. Further assessment of selected analogs showed that none were effective antagonists of the effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice, their agonist-like effects were not blocked by rimonabant, they were active in vivo in CB₁⁻/⁻ mice, and they failed to stimulate guanosine-5'-O-(3-[³⁵S]thio)-triphosphate binding. Several analogs were inverse agonists in the latter assay. Together, these results suggest that this series of 3-substituted pyrazole analogs represent a novel class of CB₁-selective cannabinoids that produce agonist-like effects in mice through a non-CB₁, non-CB₂ mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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Janero DR, Lindsley L, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A. Cannabinoid 1 G protein-coupled receptor (periphero-)neutral antagonists: emerging therapeutics for treating obesity-driven metabolic disease and reducing cardiovascular risk. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:995-1025. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.608063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Shim JY. Understanding functional residues of the cannabinoid CB1. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 10:779-98. [PMID: 20370713 DOI: 10.2174/156802610791164210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The brain cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor that mediates numerous physiological processes in response to marijuana and other psychoactive compounds is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and shares common structural features with many rhodopsin class GPCRs. For the rational development of therapeutic agents targeting the CB(1) receptor, understanding of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions responsible for unique G protein signals is crucial. For a more than a decade, a combination of mutagenesis and computational modeling approaches has been successfully employed to study the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions. In this review, after a brief discussion about recent advances in understanding of some structural and functional features of GPCRs commonly applicable to the CB(1) receptor, the CB(1) receptor functional residues reported from mutational studies are divided into three different types, ligand binding (B), receptor stabilization (S) and receptor activation (A) residues, to delineate the nature of the binding pockets of anandamide, CP55940, WIN55212-2 and SR141716A and to describe the molecular events of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor activation from ligand binding to G protein signaling. Taken these CB(1) receptor functional residues, some of which are unique to the CB(1) receptor, together with the biophysical knowledge accumulated for the GPCR active state, it is possible to propose the early stages of the CB(1) receptor activation process that not only provide some insights into understanding molecular mechanisms of receptor activation but also are applicable for identifying new therapeutic agents by applying the validated structure-based approaches, such as virtual high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based approach (FBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Youn Shim
- J.L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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Cowley PM, Baker J, Barn DR, Buchanan KI, Carlyle I, Clark JK, Clarkson TR, Deehan M, Edwards D, Goodwin RR, Jaap D, Kiyoi Y, Mort C, Palin R, Prosser A, Walker G, Ward N, Wishart G, Young T. The discovery of novel indole-2-carboxamides as cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:497-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Silvestri R, Ligresti A, La Regina G, Piscitelli F, Gatti V, Lavecchia A, Brizzi A, Pasquini S, Allarà M, Fantini N, Carai MAM, Bigogno C, Rozio MG, Sinisi R, Novellino E, Colombo G, Di Marzo V, Dondio G, Corelli F. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new N-alkyl 1-aryl-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides as cannabinoid receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5878-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Bertalovitz AC, Ahn KH, Kendall DA. Ligand Binding Sensitivity of the Extracellular Loop Two of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1. Drug Dev Res 2010; 71:404-411. [PMID: 21170298 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor one (CB1) is a class A G-protein-coupled receptor thought to bind ligands primarily within its helical bundle. Evidence suggests, however, that the extracellular domain may also play a role. We have previously shown that the C-terminus of the extracellular loop 2 of CB1 is important in binding some compounds; receptors with mutations in this region (F268W, P269A, H270A, and I271A) bound some agonists with severely reduced affinity relative to the wild-type receptor. In the present work, we examine the impact of these mutations on binding a chemically diverse set of ligands. The receptors, F268W and I271A, exhibited a greater sensitivity to binding the inverse agonists/antagonists SLV319, AVE1625, NESS0327 relative to P269A and H270A, suggesting that the Pro and His are not involved in binding those compounds. In contrast, binding of the agonists, BAY593074 and WIN55212-2, was diminished in all four receptors, suggesting the conformational unit contributed by all four residues is important. A more marked loss in binding was observed for agonists of the nonclassical (CP55940) and classical (HU-210, JWH061, JWH179) cannabinoid classes and for a silent antagonist derivative (O-2050), pointing to the critical nature of this region for binding both the bicyclic/tricyclic core and the alkyl chain of these derivatives. However, moving the location of the alkyl chain on a series of pyrazole analogues shows it can be better accommodated in certain locations (O-1255) than others (O-1302, O-1690) and underscores the involvement of residues F268 and I271.
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Tu G, Xiong F, Huang H, Kuang B, Li S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands derived from the 1,5-diarylpyrazole scaffold. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:222-30. [PMID: 20565336 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.491794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CB1 receptor belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. CB1 antagonism has been considered as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we report the synthesis and in vitro binding affinity assay of some 1,5-diarylpyrazole scaffold compounds. The binding results showed that some of the target compounds had an excellent potency toward the CB1 receptor with IC₅₀ values lying at the nanomole level.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoGang Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, NanChang University School of Pharmaceutical Science, NanChang, PR China
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38
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Aloyo VJ, Berg KA, Clarke WP, Spampinato U, Harvey JA. Inverse Agonism at Serotonin and Cannabinoid Receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 91:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(10)91001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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39
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Reggio PH. Toward the design of cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonists and neutral antagonists. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Varvel SA, Wise LE, Lichtman AH. Are CB(1) Receptor Antagonists Nootropic or Cognitive Impairing Agents? Drug Dev Res 2009; 70:555-565. [PMID: 20539824 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, a considerable amount of research has examined the effects of rimonabant (SR 141716) and other CB(1) receptor antagonists in both in vivo and in vitro models of learning and memory. In addition to its utility in determining whether the effects of drugs are mediated though a CB(1) receptor mechanism of action, these antagonists are useful in providing insight into the physiological function of the endogenous cannabinoid system. Several groups have reported that CB(1) receptor antagonists enhance memory duration in a variety of spatial and operant paradigms, but not in all paradigms. Conversely, disruption of CB(1) receptor signaling also impairs extinction learning in which the animal actively suppresses a learned response when reinforcement has been withheld. These extinction deficits occur in aversively motivated tasks, such as in fear conditioning or escape behavior in the Morris water maze task, but not in appetitively motivated tasks. Similarly, in electrophysiological models, CB(1) receptor antagonists elicit a variety of effects, including enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP), while disrupting long-term depression (LTD) and interfering with transient forms of plasticity, including depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE). The collective results of the in vivo and in vitro studies employing CB(1) receptor antagonists, demonstrate that these receptors play integral roles in different components of cognitive processing. Functionally, pharmacological blockade of CB(1) receptors may strengthen memory duration, but interferes with extinction of learned behaviors that are associated with traumatic or aversive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Varvel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-613
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42
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Mazzoni O, Diurno MV, di Bosco AM, Novellino E, Grieco P, Esposito G, Bertamino A, Calignano A, Russo R. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of analogs of indole-based cannabimimetic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 75:106-14. [PMID: 19895505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aminoalkylindoles (AAIs), although structurally dissimilar from the classical cannabinoids, are known to be capable of binding to cannabinoid receptors and of evoking cannabinomimetic responses. With the aim of investigating the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for the binding of non-classical agonists to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, we designed and synthesized a series of indole derivatives. The compounds were tested for their analgesic action by formalin test and compared to WIN 55212-2, an AAI acting to the cannabinoid receptors. In receptor binding assay, compound 5 showed affinity for the CB1 receptor comparable to WIN 55212-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Via D. Montesano 49 Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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43
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Alkorta I, Goya P, Pérez-Fernández R, Alvarado M, Elguero J, García-Granda S, Menéndez-Taboada L. The structure of two pyrazole esters related to Rimonabant. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dow RL, Hadcock JR, Scott DO, Schneider SR, Paight ES, Iredale PA, Carpino PA, Griffith DA, Hammond M, Dasilva-Jardine P. Bioisosteric replacement of the hydrazide pharmacophore of the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. Part I: potent, orally-active 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5351-4. [PMID: 19683918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of CB(1) receptor antagonists incorporating an imidazole-based isosteric replacement for the hydrazide moiety of rimonabant (SR141716) is disclosed. Members of this imidazole series possess potent/selective binding to the rCB(1) receptor and exhibit potent hCB(1) functional activity. Isopropyl analog 9a demonstrated activity in the tetrad assay and was orally-active in a food intake model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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45
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Zhao P, Leonoudakis D, Abood ME, Beattie EC. Cannabinoid receptor activation reduces TNFalpha-induced surface localization of AMPAR-type glutamate receptors and excitotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:551-8. [PMID: 19654014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After injury or during neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system (CNS), the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) rises above normal during the inflammatory response. In vitro and in vivo, addition of exogenous TNFalpha to neurons has been shown to induce rapid plasma membrane-delivery of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) potentiating glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Thus the discovery of drug targets reducing excess TNFalpha-induced AMPAR surface expression may help protect neurons after injury. In this study, we investigate the neuroprotective role of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor using quantitative immunofluorescent and real-time video microscopy to measure the steady-state plasma membrane AMPAR distribution and rate of AMPAR exocytosis after TNFalpha exposure in the presence or absence of CB1 agonists. The neuroprotective potential of CB1 activation with TNFalpha was measured in hippocampal neuron cultures challenged by an in vitro kainate (KA)-mediated model of Excitotoxic Neuroinflammatory Death (END). Here, we demonstrate that CB1 activation blocks the TNFalpha-induced increase in surface AMPARs and protects neurons from END. Thus, neuroprotective strategies which increase CB1 activity may help to reduce the END that occurs as a result of a majority of CNS insults.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/physiology
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Exocytosis/drug effects
- Exocytosis/physiology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/physiology
- Kainic Acid/toxicity
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/physiology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neurotoxins/toxicity
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Video Recording
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Zhao
- Forbes Norris ALS/MDA Research Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan St., Suite 220, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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Silvestri R, Ligresti A, Regina GL, Piscitelli F, Gatti V, Brizzi A, Pasquini S, Lavecchia A, Allarà M, Fantini N, Carai MAM, Novellino E, Colombo G, Marzo VD, Corelli F. Synthesis, cannabinoid receptor affinity, molecular modeling studies and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of new substituted 1-aryl-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamides. 2. Effect of the 3-carboxamide substituent on the affinity and selectivity profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5549-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dow RL, Carpino PA, Hadcock JR, Black SC, Iredale PA, DaSilva-Jardine P, Schneider SR, Paight ES, Griffith DA, Scott DO, O’Connor RE, Nduaka CI. Discovery of 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-f][1,4]oxazepin-8(5H)-one (PF-514273), a Novel, Bicyclic Lactam-Based Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Obesity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2652-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900255t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Dow
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Carpino
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - John R. Hadcock
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Shawn C. Black
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Philip A. Iredale
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Steven R. Schneider
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Ernest S. Paight
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - David A. Griffith
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Dennis O. Scott
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Chudy I. Nduaka
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, Neuroscience, and Drug Safety, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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Pettersson H, Bülow A, Ek F, Jensen J, Ottesen LK, Fejzic A, Ma JN, Del Tredici AL, Currier EA, Gardell LR, Tabatabaei A, Craig D, McFarland K, Ott TR, Piu F, Burstein ES, Olsson R. Synthesis and Evaluation of Dibenzothiazepines: A Novel Class of Selective Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1975-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801534c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pettersson
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Anne Bülow
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Fredrik Ek
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Jacob Jensen
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Lars K. Ottesen
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Alma Fejzic
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Jian-Nong Ma
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Andria L. Del Tredici
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Erika A. Currier
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Luis R. Gardell
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ali Tabatabaei
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Darren Craig
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Krista McFarland
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Thomas R. Ott
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Fabrice Piu
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Ethan S. Burstein
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
| | - Roger Olsson
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals AB, Medeon Science Park, S-205 12 Malmö, Sweden, and ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121
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49
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Zhang Y, Burgess JP, Brackeen M, Gilliam A, Mascarella SW, Page K, Seltzman HH, Thomas BF. Conformationally constrained analogues of N-(piperidinyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716): design, synthesis, computational analysis, and biological evaluations. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3526-39. [PMID: 18512901 DOI: 10.1021/jm8000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 1 (SR141716) have been extensively documented, however, the conformational properties of this class have received less attention. In an attempt to better understand ligand conformations optimal for receptor recognition, we have designed and synthesized a number of derivatives of 1, including a four-carbon-bridged molecule (11), to constrain rotation of the diaryl rings. Computational analysis of 11 indicates approximately 20 kcal/mol energy barrier for rotation of the two aryl rings. NMR studies have determined the energy barrier to be approximately 18 kcal/mol and suggested atropisomers could exist. Receptor binding and functional studies with these compounds displayed reduced affinity and potency when compared to 1. This indicates that our structural modifications either constrain the ring systems in a suboptimal orientation for receptor interaction or the introduction of steric bulk leads to disfavored steric interactions with the receptor, and/or the relatively modest alterations in the molecular electrostatic potentials results in disfavored Coulombic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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50
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Tseng SL, Hung MS, Chang CP, Song JS, Tai CL, Chiu HH, Hsieh WP, Lin Y, Chung WL, Kuo CW, Wu CH, Chu CM, Tung YS, Chao YS, Shia KS. Bioisosteric Replacement of the Pyrazole 5-Aryl Moiety of N-(Piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR141716A). A Novel Series of Alkynylthiophenes as Potent and Selective Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5397-412. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800066v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Liang Tseng
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiu Hung
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ping Chang
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Liang Tai
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hua-Hao Chiu
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ping Hsieh
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yinchiu Lin
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ling Chung
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Huang Wu
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ming Chu
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Shih Tung
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sheng Chao
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, ROC
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