1
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Huo Y, Sun X, Hu J. Recent advances in developing modified C14 side chain pleuromutilins as novel antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116313. [PMID: 38503168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing resistance to most existing antimicrobial drugs, research has shifted towards developing novel antimicrobial agents with mechanisms of action distinct from those of current clinical options. Pleuromutilins are antibiotics known for their distinct mechanism of action, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. Recent studies have revealed that pleuromutilin derivatives can disrupt bacterial cell membranes, thereby enhancing antibacterial efficacy. Both marketed pleuromutilin derivatives and those in clinical trials have been developed by structurally modifying the pleuromutilin C14 side chain to improve their antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this review aims to review advancement in the chemical structural characteristics, antibacterial activities, and structure-activity relationship studies of pleuromutilins, specifically focusing on modifications made to the C14 side chain in recent years. These findings provide a valuable reference for future research and development of pleuromutilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Qinjiang Zhou
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Yiwen Huo
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Shandong Second Medical University, No.7166 Baotong Road, Weifang, 261053, PR China.
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2
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Heidtmann CV, Fejer AR, Stærk K, Pedersen M, Asmussen MG, Hertz FB, Prabhala BK, Frimodt-Møller N, Klitgaard JK, Andersen TE, Nielsen CU, Nielsen P. Hit-to-Lead Identification and Validation of a Triaromatic Pleuromutilin Antibiotic Candidate. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3692-3710. [PMID: 38385364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the hit-to-lead identification of a drug-like pleuromutilin conjugate 16, based on a triaromatic hit reported in 2020. The lead arose as the clear candidate from a hit-optimization campaign in which Gram-positive antibacterial activity, solubility, and P-gp affinity were optimized. Conjugate 16 was extensively evaluated for its in vitro ADMET performance which, apart from solubility, was overall on par with lefamulin. This evaluation included Caco-2 cell permeability, plasma protein binding, hERG inhibition, cytotoxicity, metabolism in microsomes and CYP3A4, resistance induction, and time-kill kinetics. Intravenous pharmacokinetics of 16 proved satisfactory in both mice and pigs; however, oral bioavailability was limited likely due to insufficient solubility. The in vivo efficacy was evaluated in mice, systemically infected with Staphylococcus aureus, where 16 showed rapid reduction in blood bacteriaemia. Through our comprehensive studies, lead 16 has emerged as a highly promising and safe antibiotic candidate for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer V Heidtmann
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Andreas R Fejer
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kristian Stærk
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marco G Asmussen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frederik B Hertz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bala K Prabhala
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Niels Frimodt-Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne K Klitgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Unit of Molecular Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten U Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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3
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Liu Q, Zhang H, Yi Y, Wang P, Pu W, Wang S, Shang R. Synthesis and evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit for antibacterial ability. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115882. [PMID: 37879170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, have become a major global public health concern. Therefore, developing new antibiotics that do not possess cross-resistance for the currently available antibiotics is critical. Herein, we synthesized a novel class of pleuromutilin derivatives containing substituted triazine with improved antibacterial activity. Among these derivatives, 6d, which contains 4-dimethylamino-1,3,5-triazine in the side chain of pleuromutilin, exhibited highly promising antimicrobial activity and mitigated antibiotic resistance. The high antibacterial potency of 6d was further supported by docking model analysis and green fluorescent protein inhibition assay. Additionally, cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity evaluation and in vivo mouse systemic infection experiments revealed that 6d possessed tolerable toxicity and promising therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - YunPeng Yi
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, 202 Gongyebeilu, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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4
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Wang J, Hu YH, Zhou KX, Wang W, Li F, Li K, Zhang GY, Tang YZ. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives Containing 6-Chloro-1-R-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine-4-amino Side Chain. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093975. [PMID: 37175382 PMCID: PMC10180054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of pleuromutilin derivatives were designed and synthesized as inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). 6-chloro-4-amino-1-R-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine or 4-(6-chloro-1-R-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-yl)amino-phenylthiol were connected to pleuromutilin. A diverse array of substituents was introduced at the N-1 position of the pyrazole ring. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these semisynthetic derivatives were evaluated against two standard strains, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), ATCC 29213 and two clinical S. aureus strains (144, AD3) using the broth dilution method. Compounds 12c, 19c and 22c (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) manifested good in vitro antibacterial ability against MRSA which was similar to that of tiamulin (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL). Among them, compound 22c killed MRSA in a time-dependent manner and performed faster bactericidal kinetics than tiamulin in time-kill curves. In addition, compound 22c exhibited longer PAE than tiamulin, and showed no significant inhibition on the cell viability of RAW 264.7, Caco-2 and 16-HBE cells at high doses (≤8 μg/mL). The neutropenic murine thigh infection model study revealed that compound 22c displayed more effective in vivo bactericidal activity than tiamulin in reducing MRSA load. The molecular docking studies indicated that compound 22c was successfully localized inside the binding pocket of 50S ribosomal, and four hydrogen bonds played important roles in the binding of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Han Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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5
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Liu HX, Cui G, Ma DL, Zhang Y, Xue FQ. Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of pleuromutilin derivatives according to twin drug theory. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:371-387. [PMID: 33985386 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1920581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the twin drugs theory. Piperazinyl and thioether were used as the linkage to connect the pleuromutilin nuclear and sulfonamide to improve the biological activity and water solubility of derivatives. The in vitro antibacterial activities against drug-sensitive and drug-resistance bacteria were evaluated by agar dilution method. Most of the 25 compounds displayed excellent antibacterial activities against drug-sensitive bacteria, particularly, five compounds (9, 10, 11, 14a and 14b) exerted the excellent antibacterial activities against drug-resistance bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Ge Cui
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Dong-Lai Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Fei-Qun Xue
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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6
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Heidtmann CV, Voukia F, Hansen LN, Sørensen SH, Urlund B, Nielsen S, Pedersen M, Kelawi N, Andersen BN, Pedersen M, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Nielsen CU, Klitgaard JK, Nielsen P. Discovery of a Potent Adenine-Benzyltriazolo-Pleuromutilin Conjugate with Pronounced Antibacterial Activity against MRSA. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15693-15708. [PMID: 33325700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of pleuromutilin is an attractive strategy for the development of novel antibiotics and the fight against multiresistant bacteria as the class is associated with low rates of resistance and cross-resistance development. Herein, the preparation of 35 novel (+)-pleuromutilin conjugates is reported. Their design was based on a synthetically more efficient benzyl adaption of a potent lead but still relied on the Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide [3 + 2] cycloaddition for conjugation onto pleuromutilin. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated against the multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 for which they displayed moderate to excellent activity. Compound 35, bearing a para-benzyladenine substituent, proved particularly potent against USA300 and additional strains of MRSA and displayed as importantly no cytotoxicity in four mammalian cell lines. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the purine 6-amino is essential for high potency, likely because of strong hydrogen bonding with the RNA backbone of C2469, as suggested by a molecular model based on the MM-GBSA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer V Heidtmann
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Faidra Voukia
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Louise N Hansen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stine H Sørensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian Urlund
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Salli Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mona Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Noor Kelawi
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian N Andersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten U Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Janne K Klitgaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Unit of Molecular Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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7
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Li YG, Wang JX, Zhang GN, Zhu M, You XF, Wang YC, Zhang F. Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation of a series of pleuromutilin derivatives with novel C14 side chains. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126969. [PMID: 32014384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, according to the 'me-too me-better' design strategy, a peculiar side chain different from lefamulin at C14 position of pleuromutilin was introduced. A series of novel thioether pleuromutilin derivatives containing cyclohexane in the C14 chain was synthesized by ten-step synthesis reaction. All derivatives were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). Furthermore, majority of derivatives displayed moderate antibacterial activity in vitro. However, the compound 2C and 2J exhibited comparable or superior antibacterial activity to lefamulin. The summarized structure-activity relationship not only made the variety of pleuromutilin derivatives more diverse, but also provided new ideas for its design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ge Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Ju-Xian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Guo-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xue-Fu You
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
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8
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Verma NK, Mondal D, Bera S. Pharmacological and Cellular Significance of Triazole-Surrogated Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
:
Heterocyclic compounds have been at the hierarchy position in academia, and
industrial arena, particularly the compounds containing triazole-core are found to be potent
with a broad range of biological activities. The resistance of triazole ring towards
chemical (acid and base) hydrolysis, oxidative and reductive reaction conditions, metabolic
degradation and its higher aromatic stabilization energy makes it a better heterocyclic
core as therapeutic agents. These triazole-linked compounds are used for clinical purposes
for antifungal, anti-mycobacterium, anticancer, anti-migraine and antidepressant
drugs. Triazole scaffolds are also found to act as a spacer for the sake of covalent attachment
of the high molecular weight bio-macromolecules with an experimental building
blocks to explore structure-function relationships. Herein, several methods and strategies
for the synthesis of compounds with 1,2,3-triazole moiety exploring Hüisgen, Meldal and Sharpless 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne derivatives have been deliberated for a series of representative
compounds. Moreover, this review article highlights in-depth applications of the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction
for the advances of triazole-containing antibacterial as well as metabolic labelling agents for the in vitro and in
vivo studies on cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimish Kumar Verma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India
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9
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West MJ, Fyfe JWB, Vantourout JC, Watson AJB. Mechanistic Development and Recent Applications of the Chan–Lam Amination. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12491-12523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James W. B. Fyfe
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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10
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Jin Z, Wang L, Gao H, Zhou YH, Liu YH, Tang YZ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing acetamine phenyl linker. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111594. [PMID: 31419741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel acetamine phenyl pleuromutilin derivatives incorporating 2-aminothiophenol moieties into the C14 side chain were synthesized via acylation reactions under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against three Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, ATCC 29213 and AD 3) and two Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and 9-1) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Most of the synthesized derivatives displayed potent activities. Compound 27 was found to be the most active antibacterial derivative against MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration = 0.015 μg/mL) which may lead to a promising antibacterial drug. Furthermore, compound 27 displayed more rapid bactericidal kinetic than tiamulin in in vitro time-kill studies and possessed a longer PAE than tiamulin against MRSA. The PK properties of compound 27 were then measured. The half life (t1/2), clearance rate (Cl) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0→∞) of compound 27 were 6.88 h, 21.64 L/h/kg and 0.48 μg h/mL, respectively. The in vivo antibacterial activities of compound 27 against MRSA were further evaluated using thigh infection model and systemic infection model. Compound 27 possessed superior antibacterial efficacy to tiamulin against MRSA infection in both model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Le Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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11
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Sansom GN, Kirk NS, Guise CP, Anderson RF, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Kelso MJ. Prototyping kinase inhibitor-cytotoxin anticancer mutual prodrugs activated by tumour hypoxia: A chemical proof of concept study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1215-1219. [PMID: 30885680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Amide- and ester-linked kinase inhibitor-cytotoxin conjugates were rationally designed and synthesised as prototype hypoxia-activated anticancer mutual prodrugs. Chemical reduction of an aryl nitro trigger moiety was shown to initiate a spontaneous cyclisation/fragmentation reaction that simultaneously released the kinase inhibitor semaxanib (SU5416) and the amine- or alcohol-linked cytotoxin from the prodrugs. Preliminary cell testing and reduction potential measurements support optimisation of the compounds towards tumour-selective mutual prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraud N Sansom
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Kirk
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher P Guise
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert F Anderson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Kelso
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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12
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Goethe O, Heuer A, Ma X, Wang Z, Herzon SB. Antibacterial properties and clinical potential of pleuromutilins. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:220-247. [PMID: 29979463 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018Pleuromutilins are a clinically validated class of antibiotics derived from the fungal diterpene (+)-pleuromutilin (1). Pleuromutilins inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of the ribosome. In this review we summarize the biosynthesis and recent total syntheses of (+)-pleuromutilin (1). We review the mode of interaction of pleuromutilins with the bacterial ribosome, which involves binding of the C14 extension and the tricyclic core to the P and A sites of the PTC, respectively. We provide an overview of existing clinical agents, and discuss the three primary modes of bacterial resistance (mutations in ribosomal protein L3, Cfr methylation, and efflux). Finally we collect structure-activity relationships from publicly available reports, and close with some forward looking statements regarding future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Abigail Heuer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Zhixun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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13
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Saftić D, Ban Ž, Matić J, Tumirv LM, Piantanida I. Conjugates of Classical DNA/RNA Binder with Nucleobase: Chemical, Biochemical and Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:5609-5624. [PMID: 29737251 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180508090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the most intensively studied classes of small molecules (molecular weight < 650) in biomedical research are small molecules that non-covalently bind to DNA/RNA, and another intensively studied class is nucleobase derivatives. Both classes have been intensively elaborated in many books and reviews. However, conjugates consisting of DNA/RNA binder covalently linked to nucleobase are much less studied and have not been reviewed in the last two decades. Therefore, this review summarized reports on the design of classical DNA/RNA binder - nucleobase conjugates, as well as data about their interactions with various DNA or RNA targets, and even in some cases protein targets are involved. According to these data, the most important structural aspects of selective or even specific recognition between small molecule and target are proposed, and where possible related biochemical and biomedical aspects were discussed. The general conclusion is that this, rather new class of molecules showed an amazing set of recognition tools for numerous DNA or RNA targets in the last two decades, as well as few intriguing in vitro and in vivo selectivities. Several lead research lines show promising advancements toward either novel, highly selective markers or bioactive, potentially druggable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Saftić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija-Marija Tumirv
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Yi Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Xu S, Huang X, Liang J, Shang R. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with a substituted pyrimidine moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:687-695. [PMID: 27940400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alarming growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) has become a major global health hazard. Therefore, urgent demand for new antibiotics with a unique mechanism of action is very necessary. The present study reports the design, synthesis, and antibacterial studies of a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted 6-amino pyrimidine moieties. Most of the tested compounds exhibited highly potent anti-MRSA or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) activities. 14-O-[(4,6-Diamino -pyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (3) and 14-O-[(2-((3R)-3-Hydroxymethylpiperidine-1-yl)-acetamido-6-aminopyrimidine-2-yl) thioacetyl] mutilin (5h) were the most active compounds and showed higher antibacterial activities. Compound 3 displayed rapid bactericidal activity and affected bacterial growth with the same manner as tiamulin fumarate. Docking experiments for compounds 3 and 5h carried out on the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of 23S rRNA provided the information about the binding model. In vivo mouse systemic infection experimental results confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of compound 3, with ED50 of 4.22 mg/kg body weight against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse des infections vasculaires, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shuijin Xu
- Yancheng YouHua Pharmaceutical & Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yancheng, 224555, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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15
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Ai X, Pu X, Yi Y, Liu Y, Xu S, Liang J, Shang R. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives with Substituted Benzimidazole Moieties. Molecules 2016; 21:E1488. [PMID: 27834819 PMCID: PMC6273978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted benzimidazole moieties were designed and synthesized from pleuromutilin and 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole through sequential reactions. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, and HRMS. Each of the derivatives was evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and five Gram (+) inoculums. 14-O-((5-amino-benzimidazole-2-yl) thioacetyl) mutilin (3) was the most active compound and showed highest antibacterial activities. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibition activities of compound 3 on short-term S. aureus and MRSA growth and cytochrome P450 (CYP). The bioassay results indicate that compound 3 could be considered potential antibacterial agents but with intermediate inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ai
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Xiuying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Shuijin Xu
- Yancheng Shunbao Chemical Co., Ltd., Yancheng 224555, China.
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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16
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Luo J, Yang QE, Yang YY, Tang YZ, Liu YH. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel pleuromutilin derivatives having a piperazine ring. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:699-709. [PMID: 27273921 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing piperazine moieties were synthesized under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested by the agar dilution method. Structure-activity relationship studies resulted in compounds 11b, 13b, and 14a with the most potent in vitro antibacterial activity among the series (minimal inhibitory concentration = 0.0625-0.125 μg/mL). The binding of compounds 11b, 13b, and 14a to the E. coli ribosome was investigated by molecular modeling, and it was found that there is a reasonable correlation between the binding free energy and the antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-E Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Kacprzak K, Skiera I, Piasecka M, Paryzek Z. Alkaloids and Isoprenoids Modification by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (Click Chemistry): Toward New Functions and Molecular Architectures. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5689-743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kacprzak
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Piasecka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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18
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Liu H, Xiao S, Zhang D, Mu S, Zhang L, Wang X, Xue F. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Pleuromutilin Derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1041-8. [PMID: 26133714 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we describe the design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel pleuromutilin analogs. A series of new compounds containing piperazine and alkylamino or arylamino groups was synthesized. The new compounds were characterized via (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, Fourier transform (FT)-IR and MS, and were further evaluated for their in vitro activity against seven Gram-positive, and one Gram-negative, pathogens. Antibacterial data revealed that all compounds exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activities against sensitive Gram-positive pathogens. Specifically, 9d displayed the best activity: its activity to Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) is 0.125 µg/mL, which is equal to the control compound tiamulin. The antibacterial activities of 9d to Streptococcus suis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL), Streptococcus agalactiae (MIC of 0.5 µg/mL), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (MIC of 0.5 µg/mL) were also excellent compared with the control drug erythromycin (MIC of >128 µg/mL). The binding modes of these compounds with active sites were calculated using the programs of Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and Pymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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19
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20
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Shang R, Pu X, Xu X, Xin Z, Zhang C, Guo W, Liu Y, Liang J. Synthesis and biological activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with a substituted thiadiazole moiety as potent drug-resistant bacteria inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5664-78. [PMID: 24892980 DOI: 10.1021/jm500374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing thiadiazole moieties were synthesized via acylation reactions under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were tested by the agar dilution method and Oxford cup assay. The majority of the tested compounds displayed moderate antibacterial activities. Importantly, the three compounds with amino or tertiary amine groups in their side chains, 11, 13b, and 15c, were the most active antibacterial agents. Docking experiments carried out on the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of 23S rRNA proved that there is a reasonable direct correlation between the binding free energy (ΔGb, kcal/mol) and the antibacterial activity. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profiles of 11 and 15c in rat were characterized by moderate clearance and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS , 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou 730050, China
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21
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Dreier I, Hansen LH, Nielsen P, Vester B. A click chemistry approach to pleuromutilin derivatives. Part 3: extended footprinting analysis and excellent MRSA inhibition for a derivative with an adenine phenyl side chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1043-6. [PMID: 24486133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Five promising pleuromutilin derivatives from our former studies, all containing adenine on various linkers, were supplemented with two new compounds. The binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes was verified by extensive chemical footprinting analysis. The ability to inhibit bacterial growth was investigated on two Staphylococcus aureus strains and compared to the pleuromutilin drugs tiamulin and valnemulin. Three of the compounds show an effect similar to tiamulin and one compound shows an excellent effect similar to valnemulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Dreier
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lykke H Hansen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Birte Vester
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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22
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Abstract
The reported protocol is the first to be demonstrated to efficiently couple aryl halides to purines with predictable selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Foller Larsen
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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23
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Shang R, Wang S, Xu X, Yi Y, Guo W, YuLiu, Liang J. Chemical synthesis and biological activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted amino moiety. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82595. [PMID: 24376551 PMCID: PMC3871055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel pleuromutilin derivatives designed based on the structure of valnemulin were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities. These pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted amino moiety exhibited excellent activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Compound 5b showed the highest antibacterial activities and even exceeded tiamulin. Moreover, the docking experiments provided information about the binding model between the synthesized compounds and peptidyl transferase center (PTC) of 23S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenzhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - YuLiu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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24
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Zhao F, Wang G. Crystal structure of 14-O-[(4-chlorobenzamide-2-methylpropane-2-yl)-thioacetate] mutilin diethanol solvate, C37H58ClNO7S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2013.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract C37H58ClNO7S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no.19), a = 10.4285(2) Å, b = 11.0722(2) Å, c = 31.7312(6) Å, V = 3663.90 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0307, wRref(F2) = 0.0797, T = 100.00(10) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Zhao
- 1Lanzhou Vocational Technical College No. 37, LiushaGonglu, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Guirong Wang
- 2Gansu Agricultural University No.1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, P. R. China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products have long been instrumental for discovering antibiotics, but many pharmaceutical companies abandoned this field and new antibiotics declined. In contrast, microbial resistance to current antibiotics has approached critical levels. AREAS COVERED This article gives historical perspectives by providing background about present-day economic realities and medical needs for antibiotic research, whose pipeline is mostly focused toward older known agents and newer semi-synthetic derivatives. Future research trends and projected technological developments open many innovative opportunities to discover novel antibacterials and find ways to control pathogenic bacteria without conventional antibiotics that provoke resistance. EXPERT OPINION The successful registration of daptomycin, retapamulin and fidaxomicin indicate the re-emergence of natural products has already begun. Semi-synthetic derivatives from other under-explored classes are progressing. More effort is being put into approaches such as total synthesis, discovery of new structural scaffolds for synthesis, alterations of biosynthetic pathways, combinatorial biosynthesis, new screening targets and new resources from which to isolate natural products. A return to successful screening of actinomycetes depends on solving the rate-limiting dereplication obstacle. Long-term solutions need to come from greater exploration of the massive numbers of uncultured microbes. An ultimate solution to the antibiotic-promoted microbial resistance cycle may lie in finding ways to control bacteria by non-lethal means.
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Kumar P, Shaikh KI, Jørgensen AS, Kumar S, Nielsen P. Three pyrene-modified nucleotides: synthesis and effects in secondary nucleic acid structures. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9562-73. [PMID: 23039223 DOI: 10.1021/jo301571s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of three pyrene-modified nucleosides was accomplished using the CuAAC reaction. Hereby, pyrene is attached either to the 5'-position of thymidine or to the 2'-position of 2'-deoxyuridine through triazolemethylene linkers, or to the 2'-position of 2'-deoxyuridine through a more rigid triazole linker. The three nucleosides were incorporated into oligonucleotides, and these were combined in different duplexes and other secondary structures, which were analyzed by thermal stability and fluorescence studies. The three monomers were found to have different impacts on the nucleic acid complexes. Hence, pyrene attached to the 5'-position shows a tendency for intercalation into the duplex as indicated by a general decrease in fluorescence intensity followed by an increase in duplex thermal stability. Pyrene attached to the 2'-position through a rigid triazole linker also shows a tendency for intercalation but with decrease in duplex stability, whereas the pyrene attached to the 2'-position through a triazolemethylene linker is primarily situated in the minor groove as indicated by an increase in fluorescence but here in most cases leading to increase in duplex stability. All three pyrene nucleotides lead to thermal stabilization of bulged duplexes and three-way junctions. In some cases when two pyrenes were introduced into the core of these complexes, the formation or disappearance of a fluorescence excimer band can be used to indicate the hybridization process. Hereby these oligonucleotides can act as specific recognition probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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