1
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Shan M, Zhao X, Sun P, Qu X, Cheng G, Qin LP. Revisiting Structure-activity Relationships: Unleashing the potential of selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107506. [PMID: 38833989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs), a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, the function has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, immune, inflammatory response and malignancies. Among them, JAK1 represents an essential target for modulating cytokines involved in inflammation and immune function. Rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis and psoriatic arthritis are areas where approved JAK1 drugs have been applied for the treatment. In the review, we provided a brief introduction to JAK1 inhibitors in market and clinical trials. The structures of high active JAK1 compounds (IC50 ≤ 0.1 nM) were highlighted, with primary focus on structure-activity relationship and selectivity. Moreover, the druggability processes of approved drugs and high active compounds were analyzed. In addition, the issues involved in JAK1 compounds clinical application as well as strategies to surmount these challenges, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lv Y, Mi P, Babon JJ, Fan G, Qi J, Cao L, Lang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Kobe B. Small molecule drug discovery targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107217. [PMID: 38777110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway functions as a central hub for transmitting signals from more than 50 cytokines, playing a pivotal role in maintaining hematopoiesis, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, autoimmune conditions, hematological disorders, and certain cancers. Proteins within this pathway have emerged as effective therapeutic targets for managing these conditions, with various approaches developed to modulate key nodes in the signaling process, spanning from receptor engagement to transcription factor activation. Following the success of JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib for RA treatment and ruxolitinib for managing primary myelofibrosis, the pharmaceutical industry has obtained approvals for over 10 small molecule drugs targeting the JAK-STAT pathway and many more are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate key strategies employed in drug discovery efforts targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the collective understanding of small molecule interventions in the context of JAK-STAT signaling. We aspire that our endeavors will contribute to advancing the development of innovative and efficacious treatments for a range of diseases linked to this pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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3
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Chen L, Tang Y, Lang JJ, Lin Y, Yu Z, Li X, Zheng X, Mi P, Lv Y, Lin YW. Design, synthesis and evaluation of C-5 substituted pyrrolopyridine derivatives as potent Janus Kinase 1 inhibitors with excellent selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116210. [PMID: 38359535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly selective Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitors is crucial for improving efficacy and minimizing adverse effects in the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases. In a prior study, we designed a series of C-5 4-pyrazol substituted pyrrolopyridine derivatives that demonstrated significant potency against JAK1, with a 10 ∼ 20-fold selectivity over Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2). Building on this foundation, we adopted orthogonal strategy by modifying the C-5 position with 3-pyrazol/4-pyrazol/3-pyrrol groups and tail with substituted benzyl groups on the pyrrolopyridine head to enhance both potency and selectivity. In this endeavor, we have identified several compounds that exhibit excellent potency and selectivity for JAK1. Notably, compounds 12b and 12e, which combined 4-pyrazol group at C-5 site and meta-substituted benzyl tails, displayed IC50 value with 2.4/2.2 nM and high 352-/253-fold selectivity for JAK1 over JAK2 in enzyme assays. Additionally, both compounds showed good JAK1-selective in Ba/F3-TEL-JAK1/2 cell-based assays. These findings mark a substantial improvement, as these compounds are 10-fold more potent and over 10-fold more selective than the best compound identified in our previous study. The noteworthy potency and selectivity properties of compounds 12b and 12e suggest their potential utility in furthering the development of drugs for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yahua Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - You Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China.
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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4
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Park E, Park S, Lee SJ, Jeong D, Jin H, Moon H, Cha B, Kim D, Ma S, Seo W, Han SH, Lee YS, Kang S. Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Potent and Selective JAK1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16342-16363. [PMID: 38031930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and fibrosis via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, making it a promising target for associated diseases. In this study, we explored the modification of an N-methyl 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate core, leading to the identification of 4-(((2S,4S)-1-(4-trifluoromethyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (36b) as a highly potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor. Compound 36b exhibited an impressive IC50 value of 0.044 nM for JAK1 and demonstrated remarkable selectivity of 382-fold, 210-fold, and 1325-fold specificity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, respectively. The kinase panel assays further confirmed its specificity, and cell-based experiments established its efficacy in inhibiting JAK1-STAT phosphorylation in human L-132 or SK-MES-1 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that compound 36b boasts an oral bioavailability exceeding 36%. In a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model, compound 36b significantly reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, resulting in improvement in body weight and reduced collagen deposition, all achieved without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyum Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayea Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Central Research Laboratory, KOREA PHARMA Co. Ltd., Jeyakgongdan 3-gil, Hyangnam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 16630, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule inhibitors of Janus kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115848. [PMID: 37793326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways, particularly in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, making them attractive therapeutic targets for a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting JAK family of proteins in various clinical trials. It also discusses the mechanisms of action, specificity, and selectivity of these inhibitors, shedding light on the challenges associated with achieving target selectivity while minimizing off-target effects. Moreover, the review offers insights into the clinical applications of JAK inhibitors, summarizing the ongoing clinical trials and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved JAK inhibitors currently available for various diseases. Overall, this review provides a thorough examination of the synthesis and clinical use of typical small-molecule JAK inhibitors in different clinical stages and offers a bright future for the development of novel small-molecule JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Zhang X, Xu X, Chen J, Wang G, Li Q, Li M, Lu J. Identification of HHT-9041P1: A novel potent and selective JAK1 inhibitor in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111086. [PMID: 37883818 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease associated with long-term disability and premature mortality. If left untreated, it can seriously affect patients' quality of life. The JAK-STAT signal transduction process is known to affect the occurrence and development of RA, and small molecule JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, have been identified as treatments for RA. However, tofacitinib is a non-selective JAK inhibitor that was found to be associated with dose-limiting tolerability and safety issues, such as anemia in phase 2 dose-ranging studies. Therefore, we developed a selective JAK1 inhibitor, HHT-9041P1, to overcome target-related adverse reactions. We used enzyme and cytokine potency assays in vitro as well as the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in vivo to explore the efficacy and mechanism. In vitro, HHT-9041P1 was diluted (0.017 nM-1 mM) in DMSO) and mixed with JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 or TYK2 kinases for use in the respective assays for inhibitory activity and selectivity evaluation. Fresh human PBMCs were activated and incubated with 100 ng/mL cytokine IL-6 or 20 ng/mL GM-CSF for use in the investigation of the immune mechanism. In vivo, HHT-9041P1 (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage twice daily to CIA model Lewis rats from Day 8 to Day 29 for paw swelling and arthritis score evaluation. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed before collection of the hind ankle joint, spleen and blood for analysis of inflammation, arthritis phenotypes, inflammatory cytokine expression and Th1 cell proportions. As expected, HHT-9041P1 showed 10-fold greater selectivity for JAK1 over JAK2, and 23-fold greater selectivity over JAK3 in cellular assays. The high selectivity of HHT-9041P1 was also validated by in vivo safety studies. HHT-9041P1 demonstrated significant efficacy in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and was associated with reduced helper T Cell 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. HHT-9041P1 also exhibited excellent pharmacokinetics properties. Thus, HHT-9041P1 was identified as a candidate for clinical development with many options for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacoanalysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Member of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacoanalysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Chen L, Hu Y, Lu Z, Lin Z, Li L, Wu JQ, Yu ZL, Wang C, Chen WH, Hu J. Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Efficacy of Substituted 2-Amino[1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines and Related Heterocycles as Dual Inhibitors for Microtubule Polymerization and Janus Kinase 2. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15006-15024. [PMID: 37856840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of microtubule-targeting agents in combination with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors, prompting the development of single agents with enhanced therapeutic efficacy by dually inhibiting tubulin polymerization and JAK2. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of substituted 2-amino[1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines and related heterocycles as dual inhibitors for tubulin polymerization and JAK2. Most of these compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against the selected cancer cells, with compound 7g being the most active. This compound effectively inhibits both tubulin assembly and JAK2 activity. Furthermore, phosphorylated compound 7g (i.e., compound 7g-P) could efficiently convert to compound 7g in vivo. Compound 7g, whether it was administered directly or in the form of a phosphorylated prodrug (i.e., compound 7g-P), significantly inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice. The present findings strongly suggest that compound 7g represents a promising chemotherapeutic agent with high antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zeyin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Lanqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 852, P. R. China
| | - Chunye Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
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8
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Nilsson M, Berggren K, Berglund S, Cerboni S, Collins M, Dahl G, Elmqvist D, Grimster NP, Hendrickx R, Johansson JR, Kettle JG, Lepistö M, Rhedin M, Smailagic A, Su Q, Wennberg T, Wu A, Österlund T, Naessens T, Mitra S. Discovery of the Potent and Selective Inhaled Janus Kinase 1 Inhibitor AZD4604 and Its Preclinical Characterization. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13400-13415. [PMID: 37738648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
JAK-STAT cytokines are critical in regulating immunity. Persistent activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathways by cytokines drives chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Herein, we report on the discovery of a highly JAK1-selective, ATP-competitive series of inhibitors having a 1000-fold selectivity over other JAK family members and the approach used to identify compounds suitable for inhaled administration. Ultimately, compound 16 was selected as the clinical candidate, and upon dry powder inhalation, we could demonstrate a high local concentration in the lung as well as low plasma concentrations, suggesting no systemic JAK1 target engagement. Compound 16 has progressed into clinical trials. Using 16, we found JAK1 inhibition to be more efficacious than JAK3 inhibition in IL-4-driven Th2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nilsson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Kristina Berggren
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Susanne Berglund
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Silvia Cerboni
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mia Collins
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Göran Dahl
- Structure and Biophysics, Research and Early Development, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - David Elmqvist
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Neil P Grimster
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ramon Hendrickx
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Johan R Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Jason G Kettle
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Matti Lepistö
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Rhedin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Amir Smailagic
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Qibin Su
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Tiiu Wennberg
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Allan Wu
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Torben Österlund
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Research and Early Development, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Thomas Naessens
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Suman Mitra
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
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9
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Zhang J, Wang L, Ji Q, Liu F. DNA-Compatible Cyanomethylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides or Triflates under a Tandem Reaction for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:6931-6936. [PMID: 37677078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A DNA-compatible reaction has been developed for the cyanomethylation of (hetero)aryl halides or triflates via a tandem process involving palladium-mediated Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and base-promoted isoxazole fragmentation. This one-pot protocol employs easily accessible starting materials, exhibits a wide substrate scope, and results in no significant DNA damage. Additionally, the resulting (hetero)arylacetonitriles can be converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids, which may be utilized for the synthesis of DNA-encoded chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Ji
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Liu
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211122, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Li T, Yang X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Jin X, Chen G, Ye L. Current application status and structure-activity relationship of selective and non-selective JAK inhibitors in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110660. [PMID: 37478665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
JAK kinase includes four family members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. It forms the JAK-STAT pathway with signal transmitters and activators of subscription (STAT). This pathway is one of the main mechanisms by which many cytokine receptors transduce intracellular signals, it is associated with the occurrence of various immune, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. JAK inhibitors block the signal transduction of the JAK-STAT pathway by targeting JAK kinase. Based on whether they target multiple subtypes of JAK kinase, JAK inhibitors are categorized into pan-JAK inhibitors and selective JAK inhibitors. Compared with pan JAK inhibitors, selective JAK inhibitors are associated with a specific member, thus more targeted in therapy, with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, a number of JAK inhibitors have been approval for disease treatment. This review summarized the current application status of JAK inhibitors that have been marketed, advances of JAK inhibitors currently in phase Ш clinical trials, and the structure-activity relationship of them, with an intention to provide references for the development of novel JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Roskoski R. Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors approved by regulatory agencies outside of the United States. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106847. [PMID: 37454916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to genetic alterations and overexpression, the dysregulation of protein kinases plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and neoplastic disorders and protein kinase antagonists have become an important drug target. Although the efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the United States in 2001 was the main driver of protein kinase inhibitor drug discovery, this was preceded by the approval of fasudil (a ROCK antagonist) in Japan in 1995 for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. There are 21 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors that are approved in China, Japan, Europe, and South Korea that are not approved in the United Sates and 75 FDA-approved inhibitors in the United States. Of the 21 agents, eleven target receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, eight inhibit nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and two block protein-serine/threonine kinases. All 21 drugs are orally bioavailable or topically effective. Of the non-FDA approved drugs, sixteen are prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, three are directed toward inflammatory disorders, one is used for glaucoma, and fasudil is used in the management of vasospasm. The leading targets of kinase inhibitors approved by both international regulatory agencies and by the FDA are members of the EGFR family, the VEGFR family, and the JAK family. One-third of the 21 internationally approved drugs are not compliant with Lipinski's rule of five for orally bioavailable drugs. The rule of five relies on four parameters including molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and the Log of the partition coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roskoski
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 221 Haywood Knolls Drive, Hendersonville, NC 28791-8717, United States.
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12
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Cheng M, Liang X, Shi L, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Gong Z, Luo S, Wang X, Zhang X. Folic acid deficiency exacerbates the inflammatory response of astrocytes after ischemia-reperfusion by enhancing the interaction between IL-6 and JAK-1/pSTAT3. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1537-1546. [PMID: 36794521 PMCID: PMC10173718 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To demonstrate the role of IL-6 and pSTAT3 in the inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion following folic acid deficiency (FD). METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo, and cultured primary astrocytes were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to emulate ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro. RESULTS Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression significantly increased in astrocytes of the brain cortex in the MCAO group compared to the SHAM group. Nevertheless, FD did not further promote GFAP expression in astrocytes of rat brain tissue after MCAO. This result was further confirmed in the OGD/R cellular model. In addition, FD did not promote the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β but raised IL-6 (Peak at 12 h after MCAO) and pSTAT3 (Peak at 24 h after MCAO) levels in the affected cortices of MCAO rats. In the in vitro model, the levels of IL-6 and pSTAT3 in astrocytes were significantly reduced by treatment with Filgotinib (JAK-1 inhibitor) but not AG490 (JAK-2 inhibitor). Moreover, the suppression of IL-6 expression reduced FD-induced increases in pSTAT3 and pJAK-1. In turn, inhibited pSTAT3 expression also depressed the FD-mediated increase in IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS FD led to the overproduction of IL-6 and subsequently increased pSTAT3 levels via JAK-1 but not JAK-2, which further promoted increased IL-6 expression, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response of primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Linran Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhongying Gong
- Department of NeurologyTianjin First Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Suhui Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Lang JJ, Lv Y, Kobe B, Chen H, Tan Y, Chen L, Wang X, Mi P, Zheng X, Lin YW. Discovery of C-5 Pyrazole-Substituted Pyrrolopyridine Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors for Janus Kinase 1. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6725-6742. [PMID: 37163463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing selective inhibitors for Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a significant focus for improving the efficacy and alleviating the adverse effects in treating immune-inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of C-5 pyrazole-modified pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as JAK1-selective inhibitors. The potential hydrogen bond between the pyrazole group and E966 in JAK1 is the key point that enhances JAK1 selectivity. These compounds exhibit 10- to 20-fold JAK1 selectivity over JAK2 in enzyme assays. Compound 12b also exhibits excellent JAK1 selectivity in Ba/F3-TEL-JAK cellular assays. Metabolism studies and the results of the hair growth model in mice indicate that compound 12b may be a viable lead compound for the development of highly JAK1-selective inhibitors for immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Lang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Hengyang Medical College, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - You Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- Hengyang Medical College, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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14
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Sun Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang H, Gao Z, Liu H. Janus kinase 1 in Megalobrama amblycephala: Identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108620. [PMID: 36841516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), a member of the JAK family, plays an essential and non-redundant role in the mammalian immune system. However, the potential role of JAK1 in fish immune response remains largely unclear. In the present study, the JAK1 gene of Megalobrama amblycephala (MamJAK1) was identified and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of MamJAK1 was 3462 bp, encoding 1153 amino acids. MamJAK1 consists of four common domains of the JAK family, including B41, SH2, STyrKc (a pseudo kinase domain), and TyrKc (a kinase domain). Phylogenetic analysis showed that JAK1s are divided into two evolutionary clades, one containing fish JAK1s, and the other containing JAK1s from other vertebrates. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that in healthy M. amblycephala, MamJAK1 mRNA was highest expressed in blood, followed by spleen, intestine and mid-kidney, and lowly expressed in other tissues including gill, liver, head kidney, muscle, brain and heart. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the expression of MamJAK1 mRNA was significantly induced in four selected tissues including spleen, mid-kidney, liver and intestine, reaching a peak at 24 hpi (hour post infection) in spleen and mid-kidney, at 12 hpi in liver and at 4 hpi in intestine, and then the expression level was restricted to control levels at 72 or 120 hpi. In addition, the results of Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of MamJAK1 protein in spleen and mid-kidney increased significantly after A. hydrophila infection, although MamJAK1 protein did not change obviously. Further, the JAK1 phosphorylation in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells was found to be significantly induced by LPS stimulation and IL-6R over-expression. The results above suggest that MamJAK1 may play an essential role in the immune response against bacterial infection through the IL-6R mediated JAK1/STAT signaling pathway, which further deepen our understanding of JAK1 and provides a potential target for the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Zhang H, He F, Gao G, Lu S, Wei Q, Hu H, Wu Z, Fang M, Wang X. Approved Small-Molecule ATP-Competitive Kinases Drugs Containing Indole/Azaindole/Oxindole Scaffolds: R&D and Binding Patterns Profiling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030943. [PMID: 36770611 PMCID: PMC9920796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are among the most important families of biomolecules and play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and other critical physiological processes. The dysregulation and gene mutation of kinases are linked to the occurrence and development of various human diseases, especially cancer. As a result, a growing number of small-molecule drugs based on kinase targets are being successfully developed and approved for the treatment of many diseases. The indole/azaindole/oxindole moieties are important key pharmacophores of many bioactive compounds and are generally used as excellent scaffolds for drug discovery in medicinal chemistry. To date, 30 ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors bearing the indole/azaindole/oxindole scaffold have been approved for the treatment of diseases. Herein, we summarize their research and development (R&D) process and describe their binding models to the ATP-binding sites of the target kinases. Moreover, we discuss the significant role of the indole/azaindole/oxindole skeletons in the interaction of their parent drug and target kinases, providing new medicinal chemistry inspiration and ideas for the subsequent development and optimization of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guiping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiaochu Wei
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiumin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (X.W.)
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16
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A review of synthetic methods of 1,2,4-triazolopyridines and their therapeutic properties. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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17
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Zhou S, Mao W, Su Y, Zheng X, Qian W, Shen M, Shan N, Li Y, Wang D, Wu S, Sun T, Mu L. Identification of TUL01101: A Novel Potent and Selective JAK1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16716-16740. [PMID: 36512734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is a potential target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, the introduction of a spiro ring with a difluoro-substituted cyclopropionamide resulted in the identification of TUL01101 (compound 36) based on a triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine core of filgotinib. It showed excellent potency on JAK1 with an IC50 value of 3 nM and exhibited more than 12-fold selectivity for JAK2 and TYK2. Whole blood assay also demonstrated the high activity and selectivity (37-fold for JAK2). At the same time, TUL01101 also demonstrated excellent metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles were assayed in three species (mouse, rat, and dog). Moreover, it has been validated for effective activity in the treatment of RA both in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) models, with low dose and low toxicity. Now, TUL01101 has progressed into phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Zhou
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Su
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Xuejian Zheng
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 FuTe Zhong Road, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Meiyue Shen
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Ningli Shan
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Yaoshuang Li
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Degang Wang
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Shouting Wu
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mu
- Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd., NO.12 Jialian Road, Tanzhou Township, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528467, P. R. China
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Zhao L, Liang Q, He Y, Liu M, Tong R, Jiang Z, Wang W, Shi J. HDAC/JAK dual target inhibitors of cancer-related targets: The success of nonclearable linked pharmacophore mode. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Chen C, Yin Y, Shi G, Zhou Y, Shao S, Wei Y, Wu L, Zhang D, Sun L, Zhang T. A highly selective JAK3 inhibitor is developed for treating rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing γc cytokine-related JAK-STAT signal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4363. [PMID: 35984890 PMCID: PMC9390995 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) play a critical role in immune responses by relaying signals from more than 50 cytokines, making them attractive therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Although approved JAK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they target a broad spectrum of cytokines, which results in side effects. Therefore, next-generation inhibitors maintain efficacy, while sparing adverse events need to be developed. Among members of the JAK family, JAK3 only regulates a narrow spectrum of γc cytokines and becomes a potentially ideal target. Here, a highly JAK3-selective inhibitor Z583 is developed, which showed a potent inhibition of JAK3 with an IC50 of 0.1 nM and exhibited a 4500-fold selectivity for JAK3 than other JAK subtypes. Furthermore, Z583 completely inhibited the γc cytokine signaling and sufficiently blocked the development of inflammatory response in RA model, while sparing hematopoiesis. Collectively, the highly selective JAK3 inhibitor Z583 is a promising candidate with significant therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Yadav N, Saquib M, Arya KK, Hussain MK. A Versatile New Approach to Bridgehead Nitrogen Bearing Benzimidazolo-Quinazoline Hybrids: Facile 1,4-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Benzyne and N-(1 H-Benzo[ d]Imidazol-2-yl)-1-Phenylmethanimines. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Dayanand Arya Kanya Degree College Moradabad (M.J.P. Rohilkhand University), Bareilly, India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), India
| | - Krishan Kumar Arya
- Department of Chemistry, Government Model Degree College, Arniya, Bulandshahar, India
| | - Mohd Kamil Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government Raza P.G. College (M.J.P. Rohilkhand University), Rampur, India
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21
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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff EL, Fink SJ, Mahapatra S, Carney DW, Lindsey EA, DeForest JC, France SP, Berritt S, Bigi-Botterill SV, Gibson TS, Watson RB, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved During 2020. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9607-9661. [PMID: 35833579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New drugs introduced to the market are privileged structures that have affinities for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), provide insight into molecular recognition and simultaneously function as leads for the design of future medicines. This Review is part of a continuing series presenting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 44 new chemical entities approved for the first time anywhere in the world during 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma L McInturff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca B Watson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Namour F, Anderson K, Nelson C, Tasset C. Filgotinib: A Clinical Pharmacology Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:819-832. [PMID: 35637376 PMCID: PMC9249714 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filgotinib (GS-6034, formerly GLPG0634; Jyseleca®) is an oral, preferential Janus kinase (JAK)-1 inhibitor. Preferential inhibition of JAK1 modulates a subset of proinflammatory cytokines within the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, which differ from those inhibited by JAK2 or JAK3. Filgotinib is absorbed extensively and rapidly after oral dosing and is metabolized by carboxylesterase isoform 2 to form its primary active metabolite, GS-829845. The primary metabolite has a similar JAK1 selectivity profile but reduced activity (by 10-fold) and increased systemic exposure (approximately 16- to 20-fold) compared with the parent compound. Both the parent and the metabolite demonstrate low binding to plasma proteins in humans (< 60%). Systemic exposures of filgotinib and its primary metabolite increase dose proportionally over a 50- to 200-mg once-daily dose range. Food does not affect the pharmacokinetics of filgotinib. Consistent with their terminal elimination half-lives (4.9-10.7 h for filgotinib and 19.6-27.3 h for the primary metabolite), steady state in plasma is reached by day 2 for filgotinib and day 4 for its metabolite. Filgotinib is mainly eliminated in the urine as the metabolite (> 80%). Intrinsic factors such as age, sex, race, mild renal impairment, and mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment have either no or minimal impact on the pharmacokinetics of filgotinib and its primary metabolite. Filgotinib has a low drug-drug interaction potential, without clinically significant interactions with commonly coadministered medications in patients with inflammatory diseases. Both filgotinib and its primary metabolite are substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp); however, coadministration with P-gp inhibitors and inducers does not affect filgotinib pharmacokinetics sufficiently to warrant dose adjustment. Neither filgotinib nor its primary metabolite affect the corrected QT interval (calculated using Fridericia's correction formula). Filgotinib is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis in Europe, the UK, and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Namour
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230, Romainville, France.
| | - Kacey Anderson
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Cara Nelson
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Chantal Tasset
- Galapagos NV, Generaal de Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800, Mechelen, Belgium
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23
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A Comprehensive Overview of Globally Approved JAK Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051001. [PMID: 35631587 PMCID: PMC9146299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is a family of cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinases that includes four members, namely JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The JAKs transduce cytokine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of several genes involved in inflammatory, immune, and cancer conditions. Targeting the JAK family kinases with small-molecule inhibitors has proved to be effective in the treatment of different types of diseases. In the current review, eleven of the JAK inhibitors that received approval for clinical use have been discussed. These drugs are abrocitinib, baricitinib, delgocitinib, fedratinib, filgotinib, oclacitinib, pacritinib, peficitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib. The aim of the current review was to provide an integrated overview of the chemical and pharmacological data of the globally approved JAK inhibitors. The synthetic routes of the eleven drugs were described. In addition, their inhibitory activities against different kinases and their pharmacological uses have also been explained. Moreover, their crystal structures with different kinases were summarized, with a primary focus on their binding modes and interactions. The proposed metabolic pathways and metabolites of these drugs were also illustrated. To sum up, the data in the current review could help in the design of new JAK inhibitors with potential therapeutic benefits in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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24
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Dolganov AA, Levchenko AG, Dahno PG, Guz’ DD, Chikava AR, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. 7-Aryl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6,8-dicarbonitriles: Synthesis and Predicted Biological Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Zhao MY, Zhang W, Rao GW. Targeting Janus Kinase (JAK) for Fighting Diseases: The Research of JAK Inhibitor Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5010-5040. [PMID: 35255783 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220307124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Janus Kinase (JAK), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase, has emerged as an excellent target through research and development since its discovery in the 1990s. As novel small-molecule targeted drugs, JAK inhibitor drugs have been successfully used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), myofibrosis (MF) and ulcerative colitis (UC). With the gradual development of JAK targets in the market, JAK inhibitors have also received very considerable feedback in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), Crohn's disease (CD) and graft-versus host disease (GVHD). This article reviews the research progress of JAK inhibitor drugs: introducing the existing JAK inhibitors on the market and some JAK inhibitors in clinical trials currently. In addition, the synthesis of various types of JAK inhibitors were summarized, and the effects of different drug structures on drug inhibition and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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26
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. The Emerging Role of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:221-233. [PMID: 35232350 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220301105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway is activated abnormally, which promotes carcinogenesis. Several cytokines are important cancer drivers. These proteins bind to receptors and use the Janus kinase (JAK) and STAT pathways to communicate their responses. Cancer risks are linked to genetic differences in the JAK-STAT system. JAK inhibitors have shown to reduce STAT initiation, tissue propagation, and cell existence in preclinical investigations in solid tumour cell line models. JAK inhibitors, notably ruxolitinib, a, JAK1 or 2 blockers, make cell lines and mouse models more susceptible to radiotherapy, biological response modifier therapy, and oncolytic viral treatment. Numerous JAK antagonists have been or are now being evaluated in cancerous patients as monotherapy or by combining with other drugs in clinical studies. In preclinical investigations, certain JAK inhibitors showed promise anticancer effects; however, clinical trials explicitly evaluating their effectiveness against the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours have yet to be completed. JAK inhibition is a promising strategy to target the JAK/STAT system in solid tumours, and it deserves to be tested further in clinical studies. The function of directing Janus kinases (JAKs), an upstream accelerator of STATs, as a technique for lowering STAT activity in various malignant circumstances is summarized in this article, which will help scientists to generate more specific drug molecules in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Centre of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona college of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be Unoiversity), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Garufi C, Maclean M, Gadina M, Spinelli FR. Affecting the effectors: JAK inhibitors modulation of immune cell numbers and functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:309-319. [PMID: 35168456 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2042254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Janus kinase family includes four members - JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2 that are selectively associated with type I and II cytokine receptors. Jak-inhibitors (Jakinibs) are a new class of drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Five Jakinibs are currently available for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib and peficitinib. Considering the role of cytokines and growth factors in immune cell survival and activation, the anti-proliferative and suppressive effects of Jakinibs on these cells are predictable. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes Jakinibs' effects of on immune populations in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Jakinibs affected T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and dendritic cell proliferation. T helper, B cell differentiation and cytokine secretion was impaired. Accordingly, changes in the number of lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and neutrophils have been reported during the randomized clinical trials with all the Jakinibs, reverting after drug withdrawal. EXPERT OPINION In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the numbers and the function of immune cells are influenced by Jakinibs. Nonetheless, their effects do not seem to represent a major safety issue as these changes do not correlate with the onset of serious infection despite the increased rates of herpes zoster reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garufi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Mary Maclean
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Roma, Italia
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28
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Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent RIPK1 inhibitors with in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114036. [PMID: 34906762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RIPK1 plays a key role in the necroptosis pathway that regulates inflammatory signaling and cell death in various diseases, including inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report a series of potent RIPK1 inhibitors, represented by compound 70. Compound 70 efficiently blocks necroptosis induced by TNFα in both human and mouse cells (EC50 = 17-30 nM). Biophysical assay demonstrates that compound 70 potently binds to RIPK1 (Kd = 9.2 nM), but not RIPK3 (Kd > 10,000 nM). Importantly, compound 70 exhibits greatly improved metabolic stability in human and rat liver microsomes compared to compound 6 (PK68), a RIPK1 inhibitor reported in our previous work. In addition, compound 70 displays high permeability in Caco-2 cells and excellent in vitro safety profiles in hERG and CYP assays. Moreover, pre-treatment of 70 significantly ameliorates hypothermia and lethal shock in SIRS mice model. Lastly, compound 70 possesses favorable pharmacokinetic parameters with moderate clearance and good oral bioavailability in SD rat. Taken together, our work supports 70 as a potent RIPK1 inhibitor and highlights its potential as a prototypical lead for further development in necroptosis-associated inflammatory disorders.
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29
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Li Y, Chen J, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Liu Z, Cong Y, Brasier AR, Pinchuk IV, Tian B, Zhou J. Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery Towards Novel Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S38-S62. [PMID: 34791293 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a class of severe and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with recurrent symptoms and significant morbidity. Long-term persistence of chronic inflammation in IBD is a major contributing factor to neoplastic transformation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Conversely, persistence of transmural inflammation in CD is associated with formation of fibrosing strictures, resulting in substantial morbidity. The recent introduction of biological response modifiers as IBD therapies, such as antibodies neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have replaced nonselective anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in disease management. However, a large proportion (~40%) of patients with the treatment of anti-TNF-α antibodies are discontinued or withdrawn from therapy because of (1) primary nonresponse, (2) secondary loss of response, (3) opportunistic infection, or (4) onset of cancer. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutics targeting specific signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD is urgently needed. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances in drug discovery of new small molecules in preclinical or clinical development for treating IBD that target biologically relevant pathways in mucosal inflammation. These include intracellular enzymes (Janus kinases, receptor interacting protein, phosphodiesterase 4, IκB kinase), integrins, G protein-coupled receptors (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) and inflammasome mediators (NLRP3), etc. We will also discuss emerging evidence of a distinct mechanism of action, bromodomain-containing protein 4, an epigenetic regulator of pathways involved in the activation, communication, and trafficking of immune cells. We highlight their chemotypes, mode of actions, structure-activity relationships, characterizations, and their in vitro/in vivo activities and therapeutic potential. The perspectives on the relevant challenges, new opportunities, and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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30
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Ayala-Aguilera CC, Valero T, Lorente-Macías Á, Baillache DJ, Croke S, Unciti-Broceta A. Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitor Drugs (1995-2021): Medical Indication, Pharmacology, and Synthesis. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1047-1131. [PMID: 34624192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders, including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past 40 years. As a result, kinase inhibitors are today one of the most important classes of drugs. The FDA approved 73 small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs until September 2021, and additional inhibitors were approved by other regulatory agencies during that time. To complement the published literature on clinical kinase inhibitors, we have prepared a review that recaps this large data set into an accessible format for the medicinal chemistry community. Along with the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of each kinase inhibitor approved across the world until 2020, we provide the synthesis routes originally used during the discovery phase, many of which were only available in patent applications. In the last section, we also provide an update on kinase inhibitor drugs approved in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Ayala-Aguilera
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Croke
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
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31
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Shams S, Martinez JM, Dawson JRD, Flores J, Gabriel M, Garcia G, Guevara A, Murray K, Pacifici N, Vargas MV, Voelker T, Hell JW, Ashouri JF. The Therapeutic Landscape of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current State and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680043. [PMID: 34122106 PMCID: PMC8194305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with grave physical, emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Despite advances in targeted biologic and pharmacologic interventions that have recently come to market, many patients with RA continue to have inadequate response to therapies, or intolerable side effects, with resultant progression of their disease. In this review, we detail multiple biomolecular pathways involved in RA disease pathogenesis to elucidate and highlight pathways that have been therapeutic targets in managing this systemic autoimmune disease. Here we present an up-to-date accounting of both emerging and approved pharmacological treatments for RA, detailing their discovery, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Finally, we turn to the emerging fields of bioengineering and cell therapy to illuminate possible future targeted therapeutic options that combine material and biological sciences for localized therapeutic action with the potential to greatly reduce side effects seen in systemically applied treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Shams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joseph M. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John R. D. Dawson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juan Flores
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Guevara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlin Murray
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noah Pacifici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Taylor Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Judith F. Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim R. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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32
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Du W, Zhang F, Yan P, Lai Q, Li J, Zhu D, Ye L. Design, Synthesis, Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Janus kinase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Pei Yan
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingfu Lai
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Junjian Li
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Daqian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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33
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Pismataro MC, Felicetti T, Bertagnin C, Nizi MG, Bonomini A, Barreca ML, Cecchetti V, Jochmans D, De Jonghe S, Neyts J, Loregian A, Tabarrini O, Massari S. 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Efficient one-step synthesis and functionalization as influenza polymerase PA-PB1 interaction disruptors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113494. [PMID: 33962311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new anti-influenza virus (IV) compounds, we have identified the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (TZP) as a very suitable scaffold to obtain compounds able to disrupt IV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) PA-PB1 subunits heterodimerization. In this work, in order to acquire further SAR insights for this class of compounds and identify more potent derivatives, we designed and synthesized additional series of analogues to investigate the role of the substituents around the TZP core. To this aim, we developed four facile and efficient one-step procedures for the synthesis of 5-phenyl-, 6-phenyl- and 7-phenyl-2-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, and 2-amino-5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol. Two analogues having the ethyl carboxylate moiety at the C-2 position of the TZP were also prepared in good yields. Then, the scaffolds herein synthesized and two previous scaffolds were functionalized and evaluated for their anti-IAV activity, leading to the identification of compound 22 that showed both anti-PA-PB1 (IC50 = 19.5 μM) and anti-IAV activity (EC50 = 16 μM) at non-toxic concentrations, thus resulting among the most active TZP derivatives reported to date by us. A selection of the synthesized compounds, along with a set of in-house available analogues, was also tested against SARS-CoV-2. The most promising compound 49 from this series displayed an EC50 value of 34.47 μM, highlighting the potential of the TPZ scaffold in the search for anti-CoV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pismataro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertagnin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nizi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Bonomini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Box 1043, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Box 1043, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Box 1043, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Raimondo MG, Biggioggero M, Coletto LA, Ramming A, Caporali R, Favalli EG. Clinical pharmacology of filgotinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: current insights. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:661-670. [PMID: 33847204 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1913050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, whose natural course has been deeply modified thanks to the development of new therapeutic approaches. The Janus kinase inhibitors (Jakinibs) represent the newest class of drugs introduced for treating RA. Among these, Filgotinib (FIL) has been developed as Janus kinase1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor, specifically targeting key pro-inflammatory mediators in RA pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED This narrative review provides an overview on FIL as new therapeutic approach for RA, with focus on its pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, and safety profile. The following electronic databases were adopted for the study search: PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and Abstract archive from the American College of Rheumatology and the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology. EXPERT OPINION The phase II and phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed so far and their long-term extensions showed a comparable clinical efficacy of FIL to biologic treatments, with an acceptable safety profile. Thanks to these data, FIL was approved in Europe and Japan for the treatment of active RA, increasing the spectrum of therapeutic approaches and improving the possibility of a more tailored therapeutic strategy. Real-life data and head-to-head clinical trials will be needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Raimondo
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Biggioggero
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lavinia Agra Coletto
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ennio Giulio Favalli
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO Institute, Milan, Italy
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Vorob′ev AY, Borodkin GI, Andreev RV, Shubin VG. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of cyanopyridines to heterocyclic N-imines: experimental and theoretical study. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sens J, Hoffmann D, Lange L, Vollmer Barbosa P, Morgan M, Falk CS, Schambach A. Knockout-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease and Therapy Modeling of IL-10-Associated Primary Immunodeficiencies. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:77-95. [PMID: 33023317 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples from patients with rare diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies, are often limited, which hampers careful analysis of the pathomechanisms involved in immune cell dysregulation. To overcome this issue, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an almost inexhaustible cell source and thus provide an excellent opportunity to generate disease models for rare diseases and to validate new therapeutic approaches. To obtain a better understanding of primary immunodeficiencies associated with the interleukin (IL)-10 signaling pathway, for example, very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), we generated genetic knockouts (KOs) of IL-10RA (IL-10 receptor α-chain) and IL-10RB (IL-10 receptor β-chain) as well as the downstream targets of the IL-10-receptor (IL-10R) signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 via an sgRNA (single-guide RNA)-CRISPR-Cas9-expressing lentiviral system. IL-10 signaling-associated KO models and a VEO-IBD patient-derived iPSC clone were differentiated into macrophages for disease models. IL-10R- or STAT3-deficient disease models showed no IL-10-induced BCL3 or SOCS3 expression, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced IL-10R independently of BCL3 and SOCS3 expression. Cytokine secretion profiles from iPSC-derived macrophage disease models showed that IL-10 was involved in many inflammatory cytokine secretions, which indicated formation of both anti- and proinflammatory macrophage phenotypes. Macrophage-secreted cytokines were separated into IL-10R- and STAT3-dependent (IL-6, TNF-α), or into IL-10R-, STAT1-, and STAT3-dependent cytokines (CCL2, CXCL10). Importantly, lentiviral correction restored IL-10-mediated regulation of LPS-induced cytokine secretion in corrected IL-10RB, STAT1, and VEO-IBD patient-derived disease models. Furthermore, treatment of IL-10RB-deficient macrophages with anti-inflammatory small molecules (SB202190, filgotinib) reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion patterns. Taken together, the described iPSC KO models gave new insights into the pathomechanisms of immune cell dysregulation and served as model systems to test potential therapeutic approaches, including lentiviral gene therapy and targeted small-molecule treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Philippe Vollmer Barbosa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology.,REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Park E, Lee SJ, Moon H, Park J, Jeon H, Hwang JS, Hwang H, Hong KB, Han SH, Choi S, Kang S. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of N-Methyl-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine-5-carboxamide Derivatives as JAK1-Selective Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:958-979. [PMID: 33428419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) plays a key role in most cytokine-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune responses through JAK/STAT signaling; thus, JAK1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Analysis of the binding modes of current JAK inhibitors to JAK isoforms allowed the design of N-alkyl-substituted 1-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b] pyridine carboxamide as a JAK1-selective scaffold, and the synthesis of various methyl amide derivatives provided 4-((cis-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-N-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide (31g) as a potent JAK1-selective inhibitor. In particular, the (S,S)-enantiomer of 31g (38a) exhibited excellent potency for JAK1 and selectivity over JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. On investigating the effect of 31g on hepatic fibrosis, it was found that it reduces the proliferation and fibrogenic gene expression of TGF-β-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Specifically, 31g significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced migration of HSCs at 0.25 μM in wound-healing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyum Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmi Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Central Research Laboratory, KOREA PHARMA Co. Ltd, jeyakgongdan 3-gil, Hyangnam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18622, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Development of JAK inhibitors for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases: kinase-targeted inhibitors and pseudokinase-targeted inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1173-1186. [PMID: 33161563 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAKs are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases consisting of four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. They are key components of the JAK-STAT pathway that transmit signals of many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of numerous immune-mediated diseases and have been major molecular targets in developing new drugs for the treatment of such diseases. Some small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs have been approved by the FDA for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Now, newer JAK inhibitors with isoform-selectivity among the four different JAKs are being developed, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes compared with earlier developed drugs with pan-JAK inhibition. Most of these selective inhibitors target the kinase domains of JAKs, functioning through the traditional inhibition mode of kinases; but recently those that target their pseudokinase domains, allosterically inhibiting the enzymes, have been under development. In this review, key characteristics, efficacy, and safety of FDA-approved and representative drugs in late stages of development are briefly described in order to provide clinical implications with respect to JAK inhibitor selectivity and future development perspectives. The recent development of pseudokinase-targeted inhibitors of JAKs is also included.
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:304-312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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Lu K, Wu W, Zhang C, Liu Z, Xiao B, Yuan Z, Li A, Chen D, Zhai X, Jiang Y. Discovery of triazolo [1,5-a] pyridine derivatives as novel JAK1/2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127225. [PMID: 32527540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule JAK inhibitors have been demonstrated efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis with the approval of several drugs. Aiming to develop potent JAK1/2 inhibitors, two series of triazolo [1,5-a] pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized by various strategies. The pharmacological results identified the optimized compounds J-4 and J-6, which exerted high potency against JAK1/2, and selectivity over JAK3 in enzyme assays. Furthermore, J-4 and J-6 effectively suppressed proliferation of JAK1/2 high-expression BaF3 cells accompanied with acceptable metabolic stability in liver microsomes. Therefore, J-4 and J-6 might serve as promising JAK1/2 inhibitors for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Boren Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zigao Yuan
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Joint Key State Laboratory of Tumor Chemogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Angelini J, Talotta R, Roncato R, Fornasier G, Barbiero G, Dal Cin L, Brancati S, Scaglione F. JAK-Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Focus on the Present and an Outlook on the Future. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1002. [PMID: 32635659 PMCID: PMC7408575 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) belong to a new class of oral targeted disease-modifying drugs which have recently revolutionized the therapeutic panorama of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune-mediated diseases, placing alongside or even replacing conventional and biological drugs. JAKi are characterized by a novel mechanism of action, consisting of the intracellular interruption of the JAK-STAT pathway crucially involved in the immune response. The aim of this narrative review is to globally report the most relevant pharmacological features and clinical outcomes of the developed and incoming JAKi for RA, based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence. A total of 219 papers, including narrative and systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, case reports, guidelines, and drug factsheets, were selected. The efficacy and safety profile of both the first generation JAKi (baricitinib and tofacitinib) and the second generation JAKi (upadacitinib, filgotinib, peficitinib, decernotinib and itacitinib) were compared and discussed. Results from RCTs and real-life data are encouraging and outline a rapid onset of the pharmacologic effects, which are maintained during the time. Their efficacy and safety profile are comparable or superior to those of biologic agents and JAKi proved to be efficacious when given as monotherapy. Finally, the manufacturing of JAKi is relatively easier and cheaper than that of biologics, thus increasing the number of compounds being formulated and tested for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Angelini
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.A.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (L.D.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Gaetano Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Giulia Fornasier
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.A.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (L.D.C.); (S.B.)
- Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo di Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Barbiero
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.A.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (L.D.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Lisa Dal Cin
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.A.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (L.D.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Brancati
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (J.A.); (G.F.); (G.B.); (L.D.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Head of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Director of Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20162 Milan, Italy;
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Singh S, Singh S. JAK-STAT inhibitors: Immersing therapeutic approach for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106731. [PMID: 32590315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a world leading cause of musculoskeletal disease. With the introduction of biological agents as treatment alternatives the clinical possibilities have grown exponentially. Currently most common Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) treatment option involves intravenous or subcutaneous injection, and some patients struggle to respond to DMARDs or lose their primary reaction. An oral drug formulation with lowered costs of manufacturing and flexibility for healthcare workers to preferably perform treatment will result in decreased healthcare expenditures and increased medication compliance. The JAK-STAT inhibitors, a new class of small molecules drugs, fulfills these criteria and has recently shown efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we give a summary of how JAK-STAT inhibitors function and a detailed review of current clinical trials. Convincing clinical results suggest that therapeutic inhibition of the JAK proteins can effectively modulate a complex cytokine-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Mizoguchi E, Low D, Ezaki Y, Okada T. Recent updates on the basic mechanisms and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in experimental animal models. Intest Res 2020; 18:151-167. [PMID: 32326669 PMCID: PMC7206339 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.09154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific pathogenesis underlining inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very complicated, and it is further more difficult to clearly explain the pathophysiology of 2 major forms of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and both disorders affect individuals throughout life. Despite every extensive effort, the interplay among genetic factors, immunological factors, environmental factors and intestinal microbes is still completely unrevealed. Animal models are indispensable to find out mechanistic details that will facilitate better preclinical setting to target specific components involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Based on many recent reports, dysbiosis of the commensal microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, not only IBD but also colon cancer, obesity, psoriasis as well as allergic disorders, in both human and animal models. Advanced technologies including cell-specific and inducible knockout systems, which are recently employed to mouse IBD models, have further enhanced the ability of developing new therapeutic strategies for IBD. Furthermore, data from these mouse models highlight the critical involvement of dysregulated immune responses and impaired colonic epithelial defense system in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we will explain from the history of animal models of IBD to the recent reports of the latest compounds, therapeutic strategies, and approaches tested on IBD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daren Low
- Crohn's & Colitis Society of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yui Ezaki
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okada
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Gwon Y, Mo M, Chen MH, Chi Z, Li J, Xia AH, Ibrahim JG. Network meta-regression for ordinal outcomes: Applications in comparing Crohn's disease treatments. Stat Med 2020; 39:10.1002/sim.8518. [PMID: 32166784 PMCID: PMC7727029 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a life-long condition associated with recurrent relapses characterized by abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, and persistent diarrhea. In the US, there are approximately 780 000 CD patients and 33 000 new cases added each year. In this article, we propose a new network meta-regression approach for modeling ordinal outcomes in order to assess the efficacy of treatments for CD. Specifically, we develop regression models based on aggregate covariates for the underlying cut points of the ordinal outcomes as well as for the variances of the random effects to capture heterogeneity across trials. Our proposed models are particularly useful for indirect comparisons of multiple treatments that have not been compared head-to-head within the network meta-analysis framework. Moreover, we introduce Pearson residuals and construct an invariant test statistic to evaluate goodness-of-fit in the setting of ordinal outcome data. A detailed case study demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed methodology is carried out using aggregate ordinal outcome data from 16 clinical trials for treating CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjin Gwon
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - May Mo
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhiyi Chi
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Lily Biotechnology Center, Eli Lily and Company, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amy H. Xia
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Joseph G. Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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46
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Hao L, Wang G, Sun J, Xu J, Li H, Duan G, Xia C, Zhang P. From Phenylhydrazone to 1
H
‐1,2,4‐Triazoles via Nitrification, Reduction and Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Hao
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuang Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Duan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
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Leonard KA, Madge LA, Krawczuk PJ, Wang A, Kreutter KD, Bacani GM, Chai W, Smith RC, Tichenor MS, Harris MC, Malaviya R, Seierstad M, Johnson ME, Venable JD, Kim S, Hirst GC, Mathur AS, Rao TS, Edwards JP, Rizzolio MC, Koudriakova T. Discovery of a Gut-Restricted JAK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2915-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi A. Leonard
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lisa A. Madge
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul J. Krawczuk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Aihua Wang
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kevin D. Kreutter
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Genesis M. Bacani
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wenying Chai
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark S. Tichenor
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael C. Harris
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ravi Malaviya
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Marguerite E. Johnson
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Venable
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Suzie Kim
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gavin C. Hirst
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ashok S. Mathur
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tadimeti S. Rao
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James P. Edwards
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Michele C. Rizzolio
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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48
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Xu P, Shen P, Yu B, Xu X, Ge R, Cheng X, Chen Q, Bian J, Li Z, Wang J. Janus kinases (JAKs): The efficient therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112155. [PMID: 32120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinases or JAKs are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that play an essential role in the signaling of numerous cytokines that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders. JAKs are activated upon ligand induced receptor homo- or heterodimerization, which results in the immediate phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and the phosphotyrosines then serve as docking sites for cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins which become phosphorylated by the JAKs upon recruitment to the receptor complex. The phosphorylated STAT proteins dimerize and travel to the cellular nucleus, where they act as transcription factors. Interfering in the JAK-STAT pathway has yielded the only approved small molecule kinase inhibitors for immunological indications. Numerous medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at the design of novel and potent inhibitors for JAKs. Additionally, whether the second-generation inhibitors which possessed selectivity for JAKs are more efficient are under research. This Perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of JAKs inhibitors, including the potential binding site and approaches for identifying small-molecule inhibitors, as well as future therapeutic perspectives in autoimmune diseases and myeloproliferative disorders are also put forward in order to provide reference and rational for the drug discovery of novel and potent JAKs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Raoling Ge
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
| | - JuBo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, China.
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49
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Nie B, Wu W, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhang J. Recent advances in the synthesis of bridgehead (or ring-junction) nitrogen heterocycles via transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond activation and functionalization. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An update on recent advances in the synthesis of bridgehead nitrogen fused heterocycles via transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation and functionalization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357)
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co
- Ltd
- HEC R&D Center
- Dongguan, 523871
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357)
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co
- Ltd
- HEC R&D Center
- Dongguan, 523871
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50
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Zak M, Dengler HS, Rajapaksa NS. Inhaled Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126658. [PMID: 31522830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple asthma-relevant cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TSLP depend upon JAKs for signaling. JAK inhibition may, therefore, offer a novel intervention strategy for patients with disease refractory to current standards of care. Multiple systemically delivered JAK inhibitors have been approved for human use or are under clinical evaluation in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, the on-target side effect profiles of these agents are likely not tolerable for many asthmatic patients. Limiting JAK inhibition to the lung is expected to improve therapeutic index relative to systemic inhibition. Thus, inhaled JAK inhibitors with lung-restricted exposure are of high interest as potential treatments for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zak
- Genentech Inc., Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Hart S Dengler
- Genentech Inc., Immunology Department, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naomi S Rajapaksa
- Genentech Inc., Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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