1
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Shaaban AE, Ali AR, Ayyad SN, Badria FA. Multi-target directed ligands inspired natural products as an effective approach for the treatment of complex chronic health disorders. Bioorg Chem 2024; 154:108075. [PMID: 39708551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Complex diseases involve multifaceted etiological components, which limit the effectiveness of conventional targeted therapies. Therefore, standard medicinal treatments often face significant challenges and failures when addressing these disease conditions. Furthermore, the growing interest in multidrug resistance (MDR), the occurrence of adverse drug reactions related to use traditional approaches, and the limited clinical efficacy of single-target drug therapy have increased the demand for innovative drug treatments. In this rapidly evolving era, the exploration of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) derived from natural products has granted us access to a wide range of compounds with medicinal properties. The allure of these MTDLs lies in their unique ability to minimize side effects from using two medicinal agents, establishing them as the preferred choice for drug developers. MTDLs have been recognized for their extraordinary capacity to collectively hinder multiple pathways implicated in the development of intricate diseases by merging or linking active molecules obtained from these sources. This review delves into promising MTDLs derived from natural products, which modulates diverse biological pathways implicated in complex diseased conditions particularly Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cardiac disorders and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira E Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Seif N Ayyad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Natarajan K, Chandrasekaran R, Sundararaj R, Joseph J, Asaithambi K. Neuroprotective Assessment of Nutraceutical (Betanin) in Neuroblastoma Cell Line SHSY-5Y: An in-Vitro and in-Silico Approach. Neurochem Res 2024; 50:54. [PMID: 39661296 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
The cognitive dysfunction in the brain cause severe pathological consequences such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease. The current treatments are cost expensive and also cause negative side effects. Therefore it is inevitable to develop natural phyto-compounds as a drug like molecules to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, we have assayed the neuroprotective effects of betanin, an indole derivative, in the neuroblastoma cell line SHSY-5Y cells. The neuroprotective effect was investigated in the β-amyloid (Aβ) - induced SHSY-5Y cells; betanin (25 µg) protected the SHSY-5Y cells from the toxic effects and maintained the cell viability. Moreover, the acridine orange and ethidum Bromide staining decipher that treatment of betanin in the Aβ-induced SHSY-5Y cells maintain the cell viablity sustainably. The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay infers that betanin quenches the generation of free radicals progressively in the Aβ-induced SHSY-5Y cells. In addition, the autophagy determination by flow cytometry revealed that betanin induces autophagy to remove the neurodegenerated cells. Further, we examined the docking and simulation patterns with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GK3), and acetylcholinesterase enzymes (AChE) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). The insilico docking analysis denotes that betanin had a significant docking score with the target molecules. Thus, from the invitro and insilico studies, betanin strongly inhibit the toxic effects of Aβand protect the cells from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthiga Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Rajamanikandan Sundararaj
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - John Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Asaithambi
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty Campus, Ooty, India
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3
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Elkotamy MS, Elgohary MK, Alkabbani MA, Hefina MM, Tawfik HO, Fares M, Eldehna WM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel benzofuran and pyrazole-based derivatives as dual AChE/BuChE inhibitors with antioxidant properties for Alzheimer's disease management. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 283:117158. [PMID: 39673864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
As a complicated neurodegenerative disorder with several clinical hallmarks, Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires multi-target treatment medicines to address multiple elements of disease progression. In this study, we reported two novel series of compounds: benzofuran-based donepezil analogs (9a-i) and their pyrazole-based counterparts (11a-i) as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BuChE with additional antioxidant properties, aiming to address multiple pathological aspects of AD simultaneously. The design strategy employed bioisosteric replacement, substituting donepezil's indanone motif with a benzofuran ring in series (9a-i) to maintain crucial hydrogen bonding interactions with the Phe295 residue in the enzyme's active site. Subsequently, the benzofuran ring underwent cleavage, yielding pyrazole-tethered hydroxyphenyl derivatives (11a-i). The biological evaluation revealed that benzofuran-based derivative 9g exhibited exceptional efficacy against both AChE and BuChE, with IC50 values of 0.39 and 0.51 μg/ml, respectively, although it lacked antioxidant activity. Compound 11f demonstrated dual inhibition of AChE (IC50 = 1.24 μg/ml) and BuChE (IC50 = 1.85 μg/ml) while also displaying strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 3.15 μg/ml). In vivo toxicity studies on compound 11f revealed a favorable safety profile, with no signs of toxicity or adverse events in acute oral toxicity tests in male Wistar rats. Chronic administration of 11f resulted in negligible differences in blood profiles, hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels compared to the control group. Histopathological examination of hepatic and kidney tissues from treated rats showed normal histology without damage. In silico molecular docking analysis was performed to rationalize the design approaches and support the experimental findings. This study provides valuable insights into the development of multi-target compounds for potential Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Elkotamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelrahman Alkabbani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hefina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria, 21648, Egypt.
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4
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Zhao X, Hu Q, Wang X, Li C, Chen X, Zhao D, Qiu Y, Xu H, Wang J, Ren L, Zhang N, Li S, Gong P, Hou Y. Dual-target inhibitors based on acetylcholinesterase: Novel agents for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116810. [PMID: 39243456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly, accounting for 60 %-70 % of cases. At present, the pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, but the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) is thought to play a role. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can break down ACh transmission from the presynaptic membrane and stop neurotransmitters' excitatory effect on the postsynaptic membrane, which plays a key role in nerve conduction. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) can delay the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), which represents a key strategy for treating AD. Due to its complex etiology, AD has proven challenging to treat. Various inhibitors and antagonists targeting key enzymes and proteins implicated in the disease's pathogenesis have been explored as potential therapeutic agents. These include Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors, β-site APP Cleaving Enzyme (BACE-1) inhibitors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEs), N-methyl--aspartic Acid (NMDA) antagonists, Histamine 3 receptor antagonists (H3R), Serotonin receptor subtype 4 (5-HT4R) antagonists, Sigma1 receptor antagonists (S1R) and soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors. The drug development strategy of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) offers unique advantages in the treatment of complex diseases. On the one hand, it can synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of single-target drugs. On the other hand, it can also reduce the side effects. In this review, we discuss the design strategy of dual inhibitors based on acetylcholinesterase and the structure-activity relationship of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiaoguan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Haici Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 8 Taizhen Road, Medical New & Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical (Group) CO., Ltd. NO.1 South Yangtze River Road, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225321, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Le Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 105 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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5
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Zhai B, Hao Q, Wang M, Luo Z, Yang R, Yang J, Cao Y. Discovery of new 4-aminoquinoline derivatives containing an amine or hydroxamic acid terminal as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107954. [PMID: 39571302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), effective multi-targeted directed ligands (MTDLs) are urgently needed for its treatment as single-target drugs currently encounter therapeutic challenges. Two series of new 4-aminoquinoline derivatives containing an amine or hydroxamic acid terminal were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant and metal-ion chelation properties. Among them, hydroxamic acid-containing compounds 7r and 7f exhibited the best inhibitor activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), respectively, with the corresponding IC50 values of 0.41 and 1.06 μM, which were superior to those of rivastigmine (IC50 = 5.26, 2.02 μM, respectively). Moreover, compounds 7r and 7f presented excellent ABTS radical scavenging efficiency and selective metal-ion chelation ability such as Cu2+ and Fe2+. Both molecular docking and enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that compound 7r was a mixed-type inhibitor of AChE. Additionally, the ADME prediction indicated that compounds 7r and 7f have suitable pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties. Furthermore, they demonstrated good safety and blood-brain barrier permeability in cytotoxicity assays and in vivo experiments, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that the 4-aminoquinoline derivatives containing a hydroxamic acid terminal have great potential as promising MTDLs for the treatment of AD, opening new avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Zhai
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Qianyun Hao
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Mingfan Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Evaluation and Research Center of Daodi Herbs of Jiangxi Province, Ganjiang New District, 330000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Evaluation and Research Center of Daodi Herbs of Jiangxi Province, Ganjiang New District, 330000, China.
| | - Yuqing Cao
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
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Żołek T, Purgatorio R, Kłopotowski Ł, Catto M, Ostrowska K. Coumarin Derivative Hybrids: Novel Dual Inhibitors Targeting Acetylcholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases for Alzheimer's Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12803. [PMID: 39684512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) represent a promising frontier in tackling the complexity of multifactorial pathologies like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synergistic inhibition of MAO-B, MAO-A, and AChE is believed to enhance treatment efficacy. A novel coumarin-based molecule substituted with O-phenylpiperazine via three- and four-carbon linkers at the 5- and 7-positions, has been identified as an effective MTDL against AD. Employing a medicinal chemistry approach, combined with molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and ΔGbind estimation, two series of derivatives emerged as potent MTDLs: 8-acetyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (IC50: 1.52-4.95 μM for hAChE, 6.97-7.65 μM for hMAO-A) and 4,7-dimethyl-5-hydroxycoumarin (IC50: 1.88-4.76 μM for hMAO-B). They displayed binding free energy (ΔGbind) of -76.32 kcal/mol (11) and -70.12 kcal/mol (12) against AChE and -66.27 kcal/mol (11) and -62.89 kcal/mol (12) against MAO-A. It is noteworthy that compounds 11 and 12 demonstrated efficient binding to both AChE and MAO-A, while compounds 3 and 10 significantly reduced MAO-B and AChE aggregation in vitro. These findings provide structural templates for the development of dual MAO and AChE inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Łukasz Kłopotowski
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Kinga Ostrowska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Hwu JR, Panja A, Tsay SC, Huang WC, Lin SY, Yeh CS, Su WC, Yang LX, Shieh DB. β-d-Ribofuranose as a Core with a Phosphodiester Moiety as the Enzyme Recognition Site for Codrug Development. Org Lett 2024; 26:9865-9870. [PMID: 39540692 PMCID: PMC11590094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
An ideal codrug design should be able to control drug release, offer selectivity during drug delivery, and break down into non-toxic fragments after biodegradation. Our design incorporates d-ribofuranose as the core, with carbamate and carbonate groups as linking joints, a phosphodiester moiety as an enzyme recognition site, and lenalidomide and paclitaxel as the constituent drugs. The codrug synthesis involves seven steps with a 33% overall yield. The target codrug increases its water solubility 685 times versus paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Department
of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Avijit Panja
- Department
of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department
of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Huang
- Department
of Chemistry & Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua
University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department
of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Xing Yang
- Department
of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Department
of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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8
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Arfeen M, Mani V. Sertraline as a Multi-Target Modulator of AChE, COX-2, BACE-1, and GSK-3β: Computational and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:5354. [PMID: 39598743 PMCID: PMC11596569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29225354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the dysregulation of several key enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), and caspase-3. In this study, machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boost (GB), and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) were employed to screen US-FDA approved drugs from the ZINC15 database to identify potential dual inhibitors of COX-2 and AChE. The models were trained using molecules obtained from the ChEMBL database, with 5039 molecules for AChE and 3689 molecules for COX-2. Specifically, 1248 and 3791 molecules were classified as active and inactive for AChE, respectively, while 858 and 2831 molecules were classified as active and inactive for COX-2. The three machine learning models achieved prediction accuracies ranging from 92% to 95% for both AChE and COX-2. Virtual screening of US-FDA drugs from the ZINC15 database identified sertraline (SETL) as a potential dual inhibitor of AChE and COX-2. Further docking studies of SETL in the active sites of AChE and COX-2, as well as BACE-1, GSK-3β, and caspase-3, revealed strong binding affinities for all five proteins. In vivo validation was conducted using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model pretreated with SETL for 30 days. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the levels of AChE (p < 0.001), BACE-1 (p < 0.01), GSK-3β (p < 0.05), and COX-2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, the downstream effects were evaluated, showing significant decreases in the apoptosis marker caspase-3 (p < 0.05) and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.001), indicating that SETL is clinically localized in its effectiveness, mitigating both enzymatic activity and the associated pathological changes of cognitive impairment and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Jalise SZ, Habibi S, Fath-Bayati L, Habibi MA, Ababzadeh S, Hosseinzadeh F. Role and Interplay of Different Signaling Pathways Involved in Sciatic Nerve Regeneration. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:108. [PMID: 39531101 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of the sciatic nerve is a sophisticated process that involves the interplay of several signaling pathways that orchestrate the cellular responses critical to regeneration. Among the key pathways are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK/STAT) pathways. In particular, the cAMP pathway modulates neuronal survival and axonal regrowth. It influences various cellular behaviors and gene expression that are essential for nerve regeneration. MAPK is indispensable for Schwann cell differentiation and myelination, whereas PI3K/AKT is integral to the transcription, translation, and cell survival processes that are vital for nerve regeneration. Furthermore, GTP-binding proteins, including those of the Ras homolog gene family (Rho), regulate neural cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Notch signaling also appears to be effective in the early stages of nerve regeneration and in preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and interactions of these pathways is vital for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for sciatic nerve injuries. This review underscores the need for further research to fill existing knowledge gaps and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zare Jalise
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sina Habibi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Fath-Bayati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Shima Ababzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Clinical Trial Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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10
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Khan S, Iqbal T, Khan MB, Hussain R, Khan Y, Darwish HW. Novel pyrrole based triazole moiety as therapeutic hybrid: synthesis, characterization and anti-Alzheimer potential with molecular mechanism of protein ligand profile. BMC Chem 2024; 18:223. [PMID: 39522005 PMCID: PMC11550546 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As a springboard to explore novel potent inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes (AChE and BChE) responsible for causing Alzheimer disorder, the current study was conducted to synthesize pyrrole derived triazole based Schiff base scaffolds by facile synthetic route. These compounds were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HREI-MS. All these scaffolds (1-16) were examined for their inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE in contrast to Donepezil (10.20 ± 0.10 and 10.80 ± 0.20 µM) and Allanzanthone (12.40 ± 0.10 and 13.10 ± 0.10 µM). All pyrrole derived triazole based Schiff base scaffolds (1-16) showed varied range of inhibitory potentials against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with lowest inhibition concentration values ranging from 5.10 ± 0.40-27.10 ± 0.10 µM (for AChE) and 5.60 ± 0.30-28.40 ± 0.30 µM (for BChE). SAR analysis of these derivatives revealed analog 7 as lead molecule against targeted enzyme, while analog 6 and 11 were ranked as second and third most potent scaffolds. Binding affinity and selectivity of potent molecules against targeted enzymes were examined by molecular docking and obtained results showed that potent molecule have versatile significant binding interactions with stated enzymes. Furthermore, safety profiles of potent analogues were predicted via ADMET protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyiaba Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Giorgioni G, Bonifazi A, Botticelli L, Cifani C, Matteucci F, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Del Bello F. Advances in drug design and therapeutic potential of selective or multitarget 5-HT1A receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2640-2706. [PMID: 38808959 DOI: 10.1002/med.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) is a serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptor subtype which contributes to several physiological processes in both central nervous system and periphery. Despite being the first 5-HT-R identified, cloned and studied, it still represents a very attractive target in drug discovery and continues to be the focus of a myriad of drug discovery campaigns due to its involvement in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) performed over the last years have been devoted to three main goals: (i) design and synthesis of 5-HT1A-R selective/preferential ligands; (ii) identification of 5-HT1A-R biased agonists, differentiating pre- versus post-synaptic agonism and signaling cellular mechanisms; (iii) development of multitarget compounds endowed with well-defined poly-pharmacological profiles targeting 5-HT1A-R along with other serotonin receptors, serotonin transporter (SERT), D2-like receptors and/or enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase and phosphodiesterase, as a promising strategy for the management of complex psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, medicinal chemistry aspects of ligands acting as selective/preferential or multitarget 5-HT1A-R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last 7 years (2017-2023) have been discussed. The development of chemical and pharmacological 5-HT1A-R tools for molecular imaging have also been described. Finally, the pharmacological interest of 5-HT1A-R and the therapeutic potential of ligands targeting this receptor have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfabio Giorgioni
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Matteucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Giannella
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Piergentili
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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12
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Soni AG, Verma A, Joshi R, Shah K, Soni D, Kaur CD, Saraf S, Chauhan NS. Phytoactive drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:8633-8649. [PMID: 38940847 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia is increasing worldwide, and finding effective treatments for these conditions is a major public health challenge. Natural bioactive drugs have been identified as a promising source of potential treatments, due to their ability to target multiple pathways and their low toxicity. This paper reviews the current state of research on natural bioactive drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The paper summarizes the findings of studies on various natural compounds, including curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine, genistein, quercetin, GinkoBiloba, Withaniasomnifera, Ginseng Brahmi, Giloy, and huperzine, and their effects on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-beta accumulation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action involved in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with developing natural bioactive drugs for dementia treatment, including issues related to bioavailability and standardization. Finally, the paper suggests directions for future research in this area, including the need for more rigorous clinical trials and the development of novel delivery systems to improve the efficacy of natural bioactive drugs. Overall, this review highlights the potential of natural bioactive drugs as a promising avenue for the development of safe and effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Gupta Soni
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Astha Verma
- ShriRawatpuraSarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Renjil Joshi
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, (U.P.), India
| | - Deependra Soni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MATS University Campus, Aarang, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Chanchal Deep Kaur
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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13
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Yao JY, Liu T, Hu XR, Sheng H, Chen ZH, Zhao HY, Li XJ, Wang Y, Hao L. An insight into allele-selective approaches to lowering mutant huntingtin protein for Huntington's disease treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117557. [PMID: 39405896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder, stems from a CAG repeat expansion within the mutant huntingtin gene (HTT). This leads to a detrimental gain-of-function of the mutated huntingtin protein (mHTT). As of now, there exist no efficacious therapies to alter the disease progression. In view of the monogenetic mutation nature and an indispensable role of wild-type HTT in healthy neurodevelopment and cellular functions, the developing strategy of allele-selectively deleting/silencing mutant HTT as well as only inactivating mHTT without altering wild-type HTT or wild-type huntingtin protein (wtHTT) comes highly recommended, and may offer a promising treatment option for HD. Here, we reviewed the therapeutic approaches that allele-selective lowering mHTT expression by targeting only mutant HTT DNA, RNA and mHTT along with recent preclinical and clinical outcomes and challenges, in anticipation of some novel ideas to be introduced into HD therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Yao
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China
| | - Xin-Ru Hu
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenhe Area, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhao
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China.
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, PR China.
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14
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Feng B, Yu H, Dong X, Díaz-Holguín A, Antolin AA, Hu H. Combining Data-Driven and Structure-Based Approaches in Designing Dual PARP1-BRD4 Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:7725-7742. [PMID: 39292752 PMCID: PMC11480993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers with DNA-repairing deficiencies via synthetic lethality. Advocated by the polypharmacology concept, recent evidence discovered that a significantly synergistic effect in increasing the death of cancer cells was observed by simultaneously perturbating the enzymatic activities of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and PARP1. Here, we developed a novel cheminformatics approach combined with a structure-based method aiming to facilitate the design of dual PARP1-BRD4 inhibitors. Instead of linking pharmacophores, the developed approach first identified merged pharmacophores (a pool of amide-containing ring systems), from which phenanthridin-6(5H)-one was further prioritized. Based on this starting point, several small molecules were rationally designed, among which HF4 exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activity against BRD4 and PARP1, particularly exhibiting strong inhibition of BRD4 BD1 with an IC50 value of 204 nM. Furthermore, it demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects against breast cancer gene-deficient and proficient breast cancer cell lines by arresting cell cycle progression and impeding DNA damage repair. Collectively, our systematic efforts to design lead-like molecules have the potential to open doors for the exploration of dual PARP1-BRD4 inhibitors as a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, the developed approach can be extended to systematically design inhibitors targeting PARP1 and other related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Information
School, University of Sheffield, 211 Portobello, Sheffield, S1 4DP, U.K.
| | - Xu Dong
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, P. R. China
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Holguín
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert A. Antolin
- Centre
for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
- ProCURE,
Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical
Research (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia 08907, Spain
| | - Huabin Hu
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre
for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, U.K.
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15
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Barbari R, Bruggink V, Hofstetter RK, Tupini C, Fagnani S, Baldini E, Durini E, Lampronti I, Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A, Werz O, Manfredini S. Synthesis and Biological Activity Assessment of 2-Styrylbenzothiazoles as Potential Multifunctional Therapeutic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1196. [PMID: 39456450 PMCID: PMC11504387 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A current trend in healthcare research is to discover multifunctional compounds, able to interact with multiple biological targets, in order to simplify multi-drug therapies and improve patient compliance. The aim of this work was to outline the growing demand for innovative multifunctional compounds, achieved through the synthesis, characterisation and SAR evaluation of a series of 2-styrylbenzothiazole derivatives. The six synthesised compounds were studied for their potential as photoprotective, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory agents. In order to profile antioxidant activity against various radical species, in vitro DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays were performed. UV-filtering activity was studied, first in solution and then in formulation (standard O/W sunscreen containing 3% synthesised molecules) before and after irradiation. Compound BZTst6 proved to be photostable, suitable for broad-spectrum criteria, and is an excellent UVA filter. In terms of antioxidant activity, only compound BZTst4 can be considered a promising candidate, due to the potential of the catechol moiety. Both also showed exceptional inhibitory action against the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (LO), with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range in both activated neutrophils and under cell-free conditions. The results showed that the compounds under investigation are suitable for multifunctional application purposes, underlining the importance of their chemical scaffolding in terms of different biological behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Barbari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Vera Bruggink
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (V.B.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Robert Klaus Hofstetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (V.B.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Chiara Tupini
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.F.); (I.L.)
| | - Sofia Fagnani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.F.); (I.L.)
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisa Durini
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (S.F.); (I.L.)
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (V.B.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Medicines and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.B.); (E.B.); (E.D.); (S.V.); (S.M.)
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16
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Maramai S, Saletti M, Paolino M, Giuliani G, Cazzola J, Spaiardi P, Talpo F, Frosini M, Pifferi A, Ballarotto M, Carotti A, Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E, Giorgi G, Dondio G, Cappelli A, Rosario Biella G, Anzini M. Novel multitarget directed ligands inspired by riluzole: A serendipitous synthesis of substituted benzo[b][1,4]thiazepines potentially useful as neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117872. [PMID: 39153378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Riluzole, the first clinically approved treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), represents a successful example of a drug endowed with a multimodal mechanism of action. In recent years, different series of riluzole-based compounds have been reported, including several agents acting as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTLDs) endowed with neuroprotective effects. Aiming at identical twin structures inspired by riluzole (2a-c), a synthetic procedure was planned, but the reactivity of the system took a different path, leading to the serendipitous isolation of benzo[b][1,4]thiazepines 3a-c and expanded intermediates N-cyano-benzo[b][1,4]thiazepines 4a-c, which were fully characterized. The newly obtained structures 3a-c, bearing riluzole key elements, were initially tested in an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion injury protocol, simulating the cerebral stroke. Results identified compound 3b as the most effective in reverting the injury caused by an ischemia-like condition, and its activity was comparable, or even higher than that of riluzole, exhibiting a concentration-dependent neuroprotective effect. Moreover, derivative 3b completely reverted the release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), lowering the values to those of the control slices. Based on its very promising pharmacological properties, compound 3b was then selected to assess its effects on voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ currents. The results indicated that derivative 3b induced a multifaceted inhibitory effect on voltage-gated currents in SH-SY5Y differentiated neurons, suggesting its possible applications in epilepsy and stroke management, other than ALS. Accordingly, brain penetration was also measured for 3b, as it represents an elegant example of a MTDL and opens the way to further ex-vivo and/or in-vivo characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Maramai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jessica Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spaiardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; INFN - Sezione di Pavia, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Ballarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- Aphad SrL, Via della Resistenza 65, 20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosario Biella
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; INFN - Sezione di Pavia, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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17
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Soltan OM, Abdelrahman KS, Bass AKA, Takizawa K, Narumi A, Konno H. Design of Multi-Target drugs of HDACs and other Anti-Alzheimer related Targets: Current strategies and future prospects in Alzheimer's diseases therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107651. [PMID: 39029320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia that develops spontaneously in the elderly. It's worth mentioning that as people age, the epigenetic profile of the central nervous system cells changes, which may speed up the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of epigenetic enzymes that can control gene expression without altering the gene sequence. Moreover, a promising strategy for multi-target hybrid design was proposed to potentially improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. These hybrids are monocular drugs that contain various pharmacophore components and have the ability to bind to different targets at the same time. The HDACs ability to synergistically boost the performance of other anti-AD drugs, as well as the ease with which HDACs inhibitor cap group, can be modified. This has prompted numerous medicinal chemists to design a novel generation of HDACs multi-target inhibitors. Different HDACs inhibitors and other ones such as acetylcholinesterase, butyryl-cholinesterase, phosphodiesterase 9, phosphodiesterase 5 or glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors were merged into hybrids for treatment of AD. This review goes over the scientific rationale for targeting HDACs along with several other crucial targets in AD therapy. This review presents the latest hybrids of HDACs and other AD target pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia 6131567, Egypt
| | - Kazuki Takizawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
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18
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Arfeen M, Srivastava A, Srivastava N, Khan RA, Almahmoud SA, Mohammed HA. Design, classification, and adverse effects of NSAIDs: A review on recent advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117899. [PMID: 39217686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, type II diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been a cornerstone in the management of various inflammatory, pain, and fever-related conditions. As a result, NSAIDs have found their applications in new therapeutic areas. NSAIDs are known to act by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. In recent years, new strategies have been proposed to counter inflammation and develop safer COX inhibitors. This review discusses the design of new COX inhibitors, the derivatization of conventional NSAIDs, and their biological applications. The review also presents an integrated classification of NSAIDs incorporating both traditional chemical-based and function-based approaches, including a brief overview of the NSAIDs of natural origins. Additionally, the review addresses adverse effects associated with different NSAIDs, including effects associated with cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic complications emphasizing the need for the development of new and safer COX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (Pharmacy), Kanpur, UP 209305, India.
| | - Noopur Srivastava
- Six Sigma Institute of Technology and Science, Rudrapur, Uttarkhand 263153, India.
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Gou D, Li P, Yang T, Niu Z, Simon JP, Guan X, Li X, He C, Dong S. Intrathecal administration of MCRT produced potent antinociception in chronic inflammatory pain models via μ-δ heterodimer with limited side effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117389. [PMID: 39243426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An important goal in the opioid field is to discover effective analgesic drugs with minimal side effects. MCRT demonstrated potent antinociceptive effects with limited side effects, making it a promising candidate. However, its pharmacological properties and how it minimizes side effects remain unknown. Various mouse pain and opioid side effect models were used to evaluate the antinociceptive properties and safety at the spinal level. The targets of MCRT were identified through cAMP measurement, isolated tissue assays, and pharmacological experiments. Immunofluorescence was employed to visualize protein expression. MCRT displayed distinct antinociceptive effects between acute and chronic inflammatory pain models due to its multifunctional properties at the μ opioid receptor (MOR), µ-δ heterodimer (MDOR), and neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2). Activation of NPFFR2 reduced MOR-mediated antinociception, leading to bell-shaped response curves in acute pain models. However, activation of MDOR produced more effective antinociception in chronic inflammatory pain models. MCRT showed limited tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in both acute and chronic pain models and did not develop cross-tolerance to morphine. Additionally, MCRT did not exhibit addictive properties, gastrointestinal inhibition, and effects on motor coordination. Mechanistically, peripheral chronic inflammation or repeated administration of morphine and MCRT induced an increase in MDOR in the spinal cord. Chronic administration of MCRT had no apparent effect on microglial activation in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that MCRT is a versatile compound that provides potent antinociception with minimal opioid-related side effects. MDOR could be a promising target for managing chronic inflammatory pain and addressing the opioid crisis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Injections, Spinal
- Chronic Pain/drug therapy
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Mice
- Male
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Humans
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Zhao
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dingnian Gou
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhanyu Niu
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jerine Peter Simon
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuyan Guan
- Cuiying Honors College, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Cuiying Honors College, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunbo He
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shouliang Dong
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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20
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Nocentini A, Costa A, Bonardi A, Ammara A, Giovannuzzi S, Petreni A, Bartolucci G, Rani B, Leri M, Bucciantini M, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó, Passani MB, Provensi G, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Enhanced Recognition Memory through Dual Modulation of Brain Carbonic Anhydrases and Cholinesterases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16873-16898. [PMID: 39283654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel multitargeting strategy that combines carbonic anhydrase (CA) activators and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors to enhance cognitive functions. A series of tacrine-based derivatives with amine/amino acid moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their dual activity on brain CA isoforms and ChEs (AChE and BChE). Several derivatives, notably compounds 26, 30, 34, and 40, demonstrated potent CA activation, particularly of hCA II and VII, and strong ChE inhibition with subnanomolar to low nanomolar IC50 values. In vivo studies using a mouse model of social recognition memory showed that these derivatives significantly improved memory consolidation at doses 10-100 times lower than the reference compounds (either alone or in combination). Molecular modeling and ADMET predictions elucidated the compound binding modes and confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. The findings suggest that dual modulation of CA and ChE activities is a promising strategy for treating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Barbara Rani
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Ocular and Neuropsychopharmacology (Braeye Lab), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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21
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Khan S, Hussain R, Iqbal T, Rahim F, Khan Y. Recent development and strategies towards target interactions: Synthesis, characterization and in silico analysis of benzimidazole based thiadiazole as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150201. [PMID: 38924881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In the current research study, we aim to design and synthesize highly potent hybrid analogs of benzimidazole derived thiadiazole based Schiff base derivatives which can combat the cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) accountable for developing Alzheimer's disease. In this context, we have synthesized 15 analogs of benzimidazole based thiadiazole derivatives, which were subsequently confirmed through spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS. Biological investigation of all the analogs revealed their varied acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potency covering a range between 3.20 ± 0.10 μM to 20.50 ± 0.20 μM as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential with a range of 4.30 ± 0.50 μM to 20.70 ± 0.50 μM when compared with the standard drug Donepezil having IC50 = 6.70 ± 0.20 μM for AChE and 7.90 ± 0.10 μM for BuChE. The promising inhibition by the analogs was evaluated in SAR analysis, where analog-1 (IC50 = 3.20 ± 0.10 μM for AChE and 4.30 ± 0.50 μM for BuChE), analog-4 (IC50 = 4.30 ± 0.30 μM for AChE and 5.50 ± 0.20 μM for BuChE) and analog-5 (IC50 = 4.10 ± 0.30 μM for AChE and 4.60 ± 0.40 μM for BuChE) were found as the lead candidates. Moreover, molecular docking and ADME analysis were conducted to explore the better binding interactions and drugs likeness respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan.
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyiaba Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, 45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
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22
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Othman MS, Hussain R, Rahim F, Ullah H, Khan S, Taha M, Fareid MA, Altaleb AT, Aboelnaga SM, Shah SAA. Synthesis, biological and computational evaluation of benzoxazole hybrid analogs as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:2013-2023. [PMID: 39269160 PMCID: PMC11485858 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2393569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Current study aims exploration of bis-benzoxazole bearing bis-Schiff base scaffolds (1-16) as anti-Alzheimer's agents.Materials & methods: 2-aminophenol is used as starting materials which react with different reagents in different step to give us bis-benzoxazole bearing bis-Schiff base analogs. NMR and HREI-MS techniques were used for characterization. All derivatives demonstrated varied range of activities with IC50 values 1.10 ± 0.40-24.50 ± 0.90 μM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 1.90 ± 0.70-28.60 ± 0.60 μM against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in contrast to donepezil. In both cases, analog-3 was found most potent. Molecular docking explored modes of interactions between scaffolds and receptor sites of targeted enzymes.Conclusion: This study offering promising approach for optimization and development of potent inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science & Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara-56300, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Fareid
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Anas T Altaleb
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa M Aboelnaga
- Basic Sciences Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universityi Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
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23
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Sun T, Zhen T, Harakandi CH, Wang L, Guo H, Chen Y, Sun H. New insights into butyrylcholinesterase: Pharmaceutical applications, selective inhibitors and multitarget-directed ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116569. [PMID: 38852337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), also known as pseudocholinesterase and serum cholinesterase, is an isoenzyme of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It mediates the degradation of acetylcholine, especially under pathological conditions. Proverbial pharmacological applications of BChE, its mutants and modulators consist of combating Alzheimer's disease (AD), influencing multiple sclerosis (MS), addressing cocaine addiction, detoxifying organophosphorus poisoning and reflecting the progression or prognosis of some diseases. Of interest, recent reports have shed light on the relationship between BChE and lipid metabolism. It has also been proved that BChE is going to increase abnormally as a compensator for AChE in the middle and late stages of AD, and BChE inhibitors can alleviate cognitive disorders and positively influence some pathological features in AD model animals, foreboding favorable prospects and potential applications. Herein, the selective BChE inhibitors and BChE-related multitarget-directed ligands published in the last three years were briefly summarized, along with the currently known pharmacological applications of BChE, aiming to grasp the latest research directions. Thereinto, some emerging strategies for designing BChE inhibitors are intriguing, and the modulators based on target combination of histone deacetylase and BChE against AD is unprecedented. Furthermore, the involvement of BChE in the hydrolysis of ghrelin, the inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and the down-regulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) expression suggests its potential to influence lipid metabolism disorders. This compelling prospect likely stimulates further exploration in this promising research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Gu Z, Lin S, Yu J, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xia K, Chen L, Li Y, He B. Advances in dual-targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116571. [PMID: 38857566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an essential regulator of histone acetylation processes, exerting influence on a multitude of cellular functions such as cell motility, endocytosis, autophagy, apoptosis, and protein trafficking through its deacetylation activity. The significant implications of HDAC6 in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune disorders have motivated extensive investigation into the development of specific inhibitors targeting this enzyme for therapeutic purposes. Single targeting drugs carry the risk of inducing drug resistance, thus prompting exploration of dual targeting therapy which offers the potential to impact multiple signaling pathways simultaneously, thereby lowering the likelihood of resistance development. While pharmacological studies have exhibited promise in combined therapy involving HDAC6, challenges related to potential drug interactions exist. In response to these challenges, researchers are investigating HDAC6 hybrid molecules which enable the concomitant targeting of HDAC6 and other key proteins, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while mitigating side effects and reducing the risk of resistance compared to traditional combination therapies. The published design strategies for dual targeting inhibitors of HDAC6 are summarized and discussed in this review. This will provide some valuable insights into more novel HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitors to meet the urgent need for innovative therapies in oncology and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Shuxian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Keli Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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25
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z. Alzheimer's disease approaches - Focusing on pathology, biomarkers and clinical trial candidates. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111069. [PMID: 38917881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The strategy for the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognizes that an effective therapy requires early therapeutic intervention and a multifactorial approach that considers the individual initiators of AD development. Current knowledge of AD includes the understanding of pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the evolving patterns of biomarker abnormalities. This knowledge is essential in identifying potential molecular targets for new drug development. This review summarizes promising AD drug candidates, many of which are currently in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. New agents are classified according to the Common Alzheimer's Disease Research Ontology (CADRO). The main targets of new drugs for AD are processes related to amyloid beta and tau neurotoxicity, neurotransmission, inflammation, metabolism and bioenergetics, synaptic plasticity, and oxidative stress. These interventions are aimed at preventing disease onset and slowing or eliminating disease progression. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy may be enhanced by combining these drugs with other treatments, antioxidants, and dietary supplements. Ongoing research into AD pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and the dynamics of biomarker abnormalities may contribute to the understanding of AD and offer hope for effective therapeutic strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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26
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Wu B, Cheng S, Liu F, Wei J, Liu Y, Qian T, Ding J, Xu B, Wei J. Novel chimeric peptides based on endomorphins and ghrelin receptor antagonist produced supraspinal antinociceptive effects with reduced acute tolerance in mice. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00198-6. [PMID: 39147011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that developing bi- or multifunctional opioid compounds could offer a valuable approach to pain management with fewer side effects compared to single-target compounds. In this study, we designed and characterized two novel chimeric peptides, EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS, incorporating endomorphins (EMs) and the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (DLS). Functional assays demonstrated that EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS acted as κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR)-preferring agonists, weak μ-opioid receptors (μ-OR) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) agonists. Upon intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in mice, both EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS exhibited dose- and time-dependent antinociceptive effects in the tail withdrawal test. EM-1-DLS demonstrated the highest antinociceptive potency among the peptides, with an ED50 approximately 8-fold greater than EM-1, while EM-2-DLS showed comparable effects to EM-2. The antinociceptive actions of EM-1-DLS involved activation of GHS-R1α, μ-OR, and κ-OR, whereas EM-2-DLS acted via GHS-R1α, δ-OR, and κ-OR pathways. Additionally, acute antinociceptive tolerance was investigated, revealing that EM-1-DLS induced a tolerance ratio of 2.33-fold, significantly lower than the 5.19-fold ratio induced by EM-1. Cross-tolerance ratios between the chimeric peptides and EMs ranged from 0.92 to 1.76, indicating reduced tolerance compared to EMs alone. These findings highlight the potential of these chimeric peptides to mitigate pain with diminished tolerance development, suggesting a promising strategy for the development of new analgesic therapies with improved safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Songxia Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China; Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Teaching and Research Section of Nanchang Health School, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chengdu Shuangliu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cheng Du, Sichuan Province, 610017, PR China
| | - Yongling Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Teng Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Jiali Ding
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China
| | - Biao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, and Institute of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
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27
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Singh G, Kumar S, Panda SR, Kumar P, Rai S, Verma H, Singh YP, Kumar S, Srikrishna S, Naidu VGM, Modi G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ferulic Acid-Piperazine Derivatives Targeting Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2756-2778. [PMID: 39076038 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is characterized by low levels of acetyl and butyrylcholine, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, accumulation of metals, and aggregations of Aβ and tau proteins. Current treatments for AD provide only symptomatic relief without impacting the pathological hallmarks of the disease. In our ongoing efforts to develop naturally inspired novel multitarget molecules for AD, through extensive medicinal chemistry efforts, we have developed 13a, harboring the key functional groups to provide not only symptomatic relief but also targeting oxidative stress, able to chelate iron, inhibiting NLRP3, and Aβ1-42 aggregation in various AD models. 13a exhibited promising anticholinesterase activity against AChE (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.19 μM) and BChE (IC50 = 5.02 ± 0.14 μM) with excellent antioxidant properties in DPPH assay (IC50 = 5.88 ± 0.21 μM) over ferulic acid (56.49 ± 0.62 μM). The molecular docking and dynamic simulations further corroborated the enzyme inhibition studies and confirmed the stability of these complexes. Importantly, in the PAMPA-BBB assay, 13a turned out to be a promising molecule that can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. Notably, 13a also exhibited iron-chelating properties. Furthermore, 13a effectively inhibited self- and metal-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. It is worth mentioning that 13a demonstrated no symptom of cytotoxicity up to 30 μM concentration in PC-12 cells. Additionally, 13a inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigated mitochondrial-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential damage triggered by LPS and ATP in HMC-3 cells. 13a could effectively reduce mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Drosophila model of AD. Finally, 13a was found to be efficacious in reversing memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced AD mouse model in the in vivo studies. In ex vivo assessments, 13a notably modulates the levels of superoxide, catalase, and malondialdehyde along with AChE and BChE. These findings revealed that 13a holds promise as a potential candidate for further development in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sanskriti Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Rm # 123, Varanasi 221005, India
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Sharma A, Rudrawar S, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Jadhav HR. Unveiling the potential of novel indol-3-yl-phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives as AChE/BACE 1 dual inhibitors: a combined in silico, synthesis and in vitro study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23853-23872. [PMID: 39081657 PMCID: PMC11287240 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the failure of many enzyme inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), research is now focused on multi-target directed drug discovery. In this paper, inhibition of two essential enzymes implicated in AD pathologies, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BACE 1 (Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme), has been explored. Taking clues from our previous work, 41 novel indol-3-yl phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives were synthesized. The results indicated that compounds inhibited both enzymes in micromolar concentrations. Compound 1l is proposed as the most active. In silico, it was seen to occupy the binding pocket of AChE and BACE 1. The ADME predictions showed that these compounds have acceptable physicochemical characteristics. This study provides new leads for the assessment of AChE and BACE 1 dual inhibition as a promising strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani - 333031 RJ India +91-1596-244183 +91-1596-255 506
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- The Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu - 181110 India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu - 181110 India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani - 333031 RJ India +91-1596-244183 +91-1596-255 506
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29
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Pont C, Sampietro A, Pérez-Areales FJ, Cristiano N, Albalat A, Pérez B, Bartolini M, De Simone A, Andrisano V, Barenys M, Teixidó E, Sabaté R, Loza MI, Brea J, Muñoz-Torrero D. Stepwise Structural Simplification of the Dihydroxyanthraquinone Moiety of a Multitarget Rhein-Based Anti-Alzheimer Lead to Improve Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:982. [PMID: 39204327 PMCID: PMC11359831 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Multitarget compounds have emerged as promising drug candidates to cope with complex multifactorial diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most multitarget compounds are designed by linking two pharmacophores through a tether chain (linked hybrids), which results in rather large molecules that are particularly useful to hit targets with large binding cavities, but at the expense of suffering from suboptimal physicochemical/pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular size reduction by removal of superfluous structural elements while retaining the key pharmacophoric motifs may represent a compromise solution to achieve both multitargeting and favorable physicochemical/PK properties. Here, we report the stepwise structural simplification of the dihydroxyanthraquinone moiety of a rhein-huprine hybrid lead by hydroxy group removal-ring contraction-ring opening-ring removal, which has led to new analogs that retain or surpass the potency of the lead on its multiple AD targets while exhibiting more favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties and safety profile. In particular, the most simplified acetophenone analog displays dual nanomolar inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 6 nM and 13 nM, respectively), moderately potent inhibition of human BACE-1 (48% inhibition at 15 µM) and Aβ42 and tau aggregation (73% and 68% inhibition, respectively, at 10 µM), favorable in vitro brain permeation, higher aqueous solubility (18 µM) and plasma stability (100/96/86% remaining in human/mouse/rat plasma after 6 h incubation), and lower acute toxicity in a model organism (zebrafish embryos; LC50 >> 100 µM) than the initial lead, thereby confirming the successful lead optimization by structural simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pont
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sampietro
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Pérez-Areales
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nunzia Cristiano
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Albalat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marta Barenys
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabet Teixidó
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Naz H, Rahim F, Hussain R, Khan S, Rehman W, Khan Y, Aziz T, Alharbi M. In silico molecular modeling and in vitro biological screening of novel benzimidazole-based piperazine derivatives as potential acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0068. [PMID: 39007228 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
New series of benzimidazole incorporating piperazine moieties in single molecular framework has been reported. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were assigned by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HR-MS techniques. The hybrid derivatives were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effect. All the synthesized analogs showed good to moderate inhibitory effect ranging from IC50 value 0.20 ± 0.01 µM to 0.50 ± 0.10 µM for acetylcholinesterase and from IC50 value 0.25 ± 0.01 µM to 0.70 ± 0.10 µM for butyrylcholinesterase except one that showed least potency with IC50 value 1.05 ± 0.1 µM and 1.20 ± 0.1 µM. The differences in inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds were due to the nature and position of substitution attached to the main ring. Additionally, molecular docking study was carried out for most active in order to explore the binding interactions established by ligand (active compounds) with the active residues of targeted AChE & BuChE enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseena Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta 47132, Greece
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Bayraktar G, Bartolini M, Bolognesi ML, Erdoğan MA, Armağan G, Bayır E, Şendemir A, Bagetta D, Alcaro S, Alptüzün V. Novel multifunctional tacrine-donepezil hybrids against Alzheimer's disease: Design synthesis and bioactivity studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300575. [PMID: 38593283 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of tacrine-donepezil hybrids were synthesized as potential multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) compounds. For this purpose, tacrine and the benzylpiperidine moiety of donepezil were fused with a hydrazone group to achieve a small library of tacrine-donepezil hybrids. In agreement with the design, all compounds showed inhibitory activity toward both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Kinetic studies on the most potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors within the series showed a mixed-type inhibition mechanism on both enzymes. Also, the docking studies indicated that the compounds inhibit ChEs by dual binding site (DBS) interactions. Notably, tacrine-donepezil hybrids also exhibited significant neuroprotection against H2O2-induced cell death in a differentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line at concentrations close to their IC50 values on ChEs and showed high to medium blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC-5i). Besides, the compounds do not cause remarkable toxicity in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the compounds were predicted to also have good bioavailability. Among the tested compounds, H4, H16, H17, and H24 stand out with their biological profile. Taken together, the proposed novel tacrine-donepezil scaffold represents a promising starting point for the development of novel anti-ChE multifunctional agents against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mumin Alper Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Katip Celebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güliz Armağan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Bayır
- Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL), Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Şendemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vildan Alptüzün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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32
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Lembo V, Bottegoni G. Systematic Investigation of Dual-Target-Directed Ligands. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10374-10385. [PMID: 38843874 PMCID: PMC11215722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) are compounds rationally designed to affect multiple targets, aiming for a better therapeutic profile. For over 20 years, MTDLs have garnered increasing attention, the idea being that their full potential would have been achieved, thanks to unprecedented target combinations and advanced medicinal chemistry strategies. This study presents a literature mining effort resulting in a data set of dual-target-directed ligands (DTDLs), the fundamental example of MTDLs. We used this data set to evaluate the rationale behind target selection and the chemical novelty of DTDLs targeting specific protein combinations. Our analysis focused on DTDL targets in terms of biological function, disease association, structure, and chemogenomic traits. We also compared DTDLs with single-target compounds. We found that well-known target pathology associations often guide DTDL design, leveraging existing chemical scaffolds and binding pocket similarities. These findings highlight the current state of the field and suggest substantial untapped potential for rational polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Lembo
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Università
degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Computational
and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Università
degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Institute
of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
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33
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Wei Y, Zhong S, Yang H, Wang X, Lv B, Bian Y, Pei Y, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Luo D, Wang F, Sun H, Chen Y. Current therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A review on past and future therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116496. [PMID: 38759454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the first and second motoneurons (MNs), associated with muscle weakness, paralysis and finally death. The exact etiology of the disease still remains unclear. Currently, efforts to develop novel ALS treatments which target specific pathomechanisms are being studied. The mechanisms of ALS pathogenesis involve multiple factors, such as protein aggregation, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammation etc. Unfortunately, to date, there are only two FDA-approved drugs for ALS, riluzole and edavarone, without curative treatment for ALS. Herein, we give an overview of the many pathways and review the recent discovery and preclinical characterization of neuroprotective compounds. Meanwhile, drug combination and other therapeutic approaches are also reviewed. In the last part, we analyze the reasons of clinical failure and propose perspective on the treatment of ALS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingbing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqiong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Daying Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Tamaddon-Abibigloo Y, Dastmalchi S, Razzaghi-Asl N, Shahbazi Mojarrad J. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluations of new isatin-triazine- aniline hybrids as potent anti- Alzheimer multi-target directed lead compounds. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107355. [PMID: 38657528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multi target directed ligands (MTDLs) are one of the promising tools for treatment of complex disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, using rational design, we synthesized new 15 hybrids of the s-triazine, isatin and aniline derivatives as anti- AD compounds. The design was as way as that new compounds could had anti cholinesterase (ChE), antioxidant and biometal chelation ability. In vitro biological evaluation against ChE enzymes showed that these molecules were excellent inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 nM to 734.5 nM for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and 0.02 μM to 1.92 μM for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among these compounds, 8 l with IC50 AChE = 0.7 nM, IC50 BChE = 0.09 μM and 8n with IC50 AChE = 0.2 nM, IC50 BChE = 0.03 μM were the most potent compounds. In silico studies showed that these molecules had key and effective interactions with the corresponding enzymes residues. The molecules with hydroxyl group on aniline moiety had also good antioxidant activity with EC50 values ranging from 64.2 μM to 103.6 μM. The UV-Vis spectroscopy study revealed that molecule 8n was also able to chelate biometals such as Zn2+, Cu2+and Fe2+ properly. It was concluded that these molecules could be excellent lead compounds for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Tamaddon-Abibigloo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nima Razzaghi-Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sharma V, Chander Sharma P, Reang J, Yadav V, Kumar Tonk R, Majeed J, Sharma K. Impact of GSK-3β and CK-1δ on Wnt signaling pathway in alzheimer disease: A dual target approach. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107378. [PMID: 38643562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enigmatic neurological illness that offers few treatment options. Recent exploration has highlighted the crucial connection of the Wnt signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. The present study focuses on the dual targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway as a possible technique for AD intervention. GSK-3β and CK-1δ are multifunctional kinases known for their roles in tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid processing, and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are intricately linked to Wnt signaling, which plays a pivotal part in sustaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway in AD contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms by which GSK-3β and CK-1δ impact the Wnt signaling pathway, elucidating their roles in AD pathogenesis. We discuss the potential of small-molecule inhibitors along with their SAR studies along with the multi-targetd approach targeting GSK-3β and CK-1δ to modulate Wnt signaling and mitigate AD-related pathology. In summary, the dual targeting of GSK-3β and CK-1δ within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway presents an innovative and promising avenue for future AD therapies, offering new hope for patients and caregivers in the quest to combat this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Jurnal Reang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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36
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Albertini C, Petralla S, Massenzio F, Monti B, Rizzardi N, Bergamini C, Uliassi E, Borges F, Chavarria D, Fricker G, Goettert M, Kronenberger T, Gehringer M, Laufer S, Bolognesi ML. Targeting Lewy body dementia with neflamapimod-rasagiline hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300525. [PMID: 38412454 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lewy body dementia (LBD) represents the second most common neurodegenerative dementia but is a quite underexplored therapeutic area. Nepflamapimod (1) is a brain-penetrant selective inhibitor of the alpha isoform of the mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (MAPK) p38α, recently repurposed for LBD due to its remarkable antineuroinflammatory properties. Neuroprotective propargylamines are another class of molecules with a therapeutical potential against LBD. Herein, we sought to combine the antineuroinflammatory core of 1 and the neuroprotective propargylamine moiety into a single molecule. Particularly, we inserted a propargylamine moiety in position 4 of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring of 1, generating neflamapimod-propargylamine hybrids 3 and 4. These hybrids were evaluated using several cell models, aiming to recapitulate the complexity of LBD pathology through different molecular mechanisms. The N-methyl-N-propargyl derivative 4 showed a nanomolar p38α-MAPK inhibitory activity (IC50 = 98.7 nM), which is only 2.6-fold lower compared to that of the parent compound 1, while displaying no hepato- and neurotoxicity up to 25 μM concentration. It also retained a similar immunomodulatory profile against the N9 microglial cell line. Gratifyingly, at 5 μM concentration, 4 demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against dexamethasone-induced reactive oxygen species production in neuronal cells that was higher than that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcia Goettert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria L Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Valdez-Gaxiola CA, Rosales-Leycegui F, Gaxiola-Rubio A, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Figuera LE. Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Diseases 2024; 12:110. [PMID: 38920542 PMCID: PMC11202866 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), defined as Alzheimer's disease onset before 65 years of age, has been significantly less studied than the "classic" late-onset form (LOAD), although EOAD often presents with a more aggressive disease course, caused by variants in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes. EOAD has significant differences from LOAD, including encompassing diverse phenotypic manifestations, increased genetic predisposition, and variations in neuropathological burden and distribution. Phenotypically, EOAD can be manifested with non-amnestic variants, sparing the hippocampi with increased tau burden. The aim of this article is to review the different genetic bases, risk factors, pathological mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches between EOAD and LOAD and to suggest steps to further our understanding. The comprehension of the monogenic form of the disease can provide valuable insights that may serve as a roadmap for understanding the common form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Valdez-Gaxiola
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Frida Rosales-Leycegui
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Maestría en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Abigail Gaxiola-Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Miguel Moreno-Ortiz
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Figuera
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.A.V.-G.); (F.R.-L.)
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Hu H, Serra C, Zhang W, Scrivo A, Fernández-Carasa I, Consiglio A, Aytes A, Pujana MA, Llebaria A, Antolin AA. Identification of differential biological activity and synergy between the PARP inhibitor rucaparib and its major metabolite. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:973-988.e4. [PMID: 38335967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The (poly)pharmacology of drug metabolites is seldom comprehensively characterized in drug discovery. However, some drug metabolites can reach high plasma concentrations and display in vivo activity. Here, we use computational and experimental methods to comprehensively characterize the kinase polypharmacology of M324, the major metabolite of the PARP1 inhibitor rucaparib. We demonstrate that M324 displays unique PLK2 inhibition at clinical concentrations. This kinase activity could have implications for the efficacy and safety of rucaparib and therefore warrants further clinical investigation. Importantly, we identify synergy between the drug and the metabolite in prostate cancer models and a complete reduction of α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease models. These activities could be harnessed in the clinic or open new drug discovery opportunities. The study reported here highlights the importance of characterizing the activity of drug metabolites to comprehensively understand drug response in the clinic and exploit our current drug arsenal in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Hu
- Center for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Carme Serra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules (SIMChem), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules (SIMChem), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert A Antolin
- Center for Cancer Drug Discovery, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Sanghai N, Vuong B, Burak Berk A, Afridi MSK, Tranmer GK. Current Small Molecule-Based Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Neurodegeneration Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300705. [PMID: 38329887 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) possess multifactorial aetiologies. In recent years, our understanding of the biochemical and molecular pathways across NDDs has increased, however, new advances in small molecule-based therapeutic strategies targeting NDDs are obscure and scarce. Moreover, NDDs have been studied for more than five decades, however, there is a paucity of drugs that can treat NDDs. Further, the highly lipoidal blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the uptake of many therapeutic molecules into the brain and is a complicating factor in the development of new agents to treat neurodegeneration. Considering the highly complex nature of NDDs, the association of multiple risk factors, and the challenges to overcome the BBB junction, medicinal chemists have developed small organic molecule-based novel approaches to target NDDs over the last few decades, such as designing lipophilic molecules and applying prodrug strategies. Attempts have been made to utilize a multitarget approach to modulate different biochemical molecular pathways involved in NDDs, in addition to, medicinal chemists making better decisions in identifying optimized drug candidates for the central nervous system (CNS) by using web-based computational tools. To increase the clinical success of these drug candidates, an in vitro assay modeling the BBB has been utilized by medicinal chemists in the pre-clinical phase as a further screening measure of small organic molecules. Herein, we examine some of the intriguing strategies taken by medicinal chemists to design small organic molecules to combat NDDs, with the intention of increasing our awareness of neurodegenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sanghai
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Billy Vuong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ahmet Burak Berk
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey K Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
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40
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Kilic B, Dogruer DS. Synthesis and investigation of the cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant capacities of some novel N'-(quinolin-4-ylmethylene)propanehydrazides against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22183. [PMID: 38628078 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
One of the worst long-term health issues of the past few decades is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, there are currently insufficient choices for treating and caring for AD, which makes it a popular subject for drug development research. Studies on the development of drugs for AD have primarily concentrated on the use of multitarget directed ligands. Following this strategy, we designed new ChE inhibitors with additional antioxidant and metal chelator effects. In this research, eight novel N'-(quinolin-4-ylmethylene)propanehydrazide derivatives were synthesized and characterized. We then evaluated the inhibition potency of all the final compounds for cholinesterase enzymes. Among them, 4e (IC50 acetylcholinesterase [AChE] = 0.69 µM and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE]= 26.00 µM) and 4h (IC50's AChE= 7.04 µM and BChE= 16.06 µM) were found to be the most potent AChE and BChE inhibitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kilic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz S Dogruer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Zaafar D, Elghazawy NH, Hassan A, Mahmoud MY, Bakr AF, Arafa RK. Unleashing new MTDL AChE and BuChE inhibitors as potential anti-AD therapeutic agents: In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131740. [PMID: 38653428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging due to its irreversible declining cognitive symptoms and multifactorial nature. This work tackles targeting both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE with a multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) through design, synthesis, and biological and in silico evaluation of a series of twenty eight new 5-substituted-2-anilino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 4a-g, 5a-g, 9a-g and 13a-g dual inhibitors of the target biomolecules. In vitro cholinesterases inhibition and selectivity assay of the synthesized derivatives showed excellent nanomolar level inhibitory activities. Compound 5a, the most potent inhibitor, elicited IC50s of 46.9 and 3.5 nM against AChE and BuChE, respectively (SI = 0.07), 5 folds better than the known dual inhibitor Rivastagmine. In vivo and ex vivo investigation showed that 5a significantly inhibited MDA levels and increased GSH contents, thus, attenuating the brain tissue oxidative stress. Additionally, 5a significantly decreased AChE and BuChE levels and inhibited self-mediated β-amyloid aggregation in brains of treated rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated lessened damage and decreased caspase-3 and VEGF expression levels. In silico prediction of 5a's pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles reflected promising results. Finally, 5a demonstrated tight binding interactions with the two target biomolecules upon docking along with stable complex formation with its bio-targets throughout the 100 ns MD trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12974, Egypt.
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - Afnan Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12974, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Alaa F Bakr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Lab, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo 12578, Egypt.
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Zeng X, Cheng S, Li H, Yu H, Cui Y, Fang Y, Yang S, Feng Y. Design, synthesis, and activity evaluation of novel multitargeted l-tryptophan derivatives with powerful antioxidant activity against Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300603. [PMID: 38290060 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disease, and the multitarget directed ligand (MTDL) strategy may be an effective approach to delay its progression. Based on this strategy, 27 derivatives of l-tryptophan, 3a-1-3d-1, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activity. Among them, IC50 (inhibitor concentration resulting in 50% inhibitory activity) values of compounds 3a-18 and 3b-1 were 0.58 and 0.44 μM for human serum butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE), respectively, and both of them exhibited more than 30-fold selectivity for human serum acetylcholinesterase. Enzyme kinetics studies showed that these two compounds were mixed inhibitors of hBuChE. In addition, these two derivatives possessed extraordinary antioxidant activity in OH radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorption capacity fluorescein assays. Meanwhile, these compounds could also prevent β-amyloid (Aβ) self-aggregation and possessed low toxicity on PC12 and AML12 cells. Molecular modeling studies revealed that these two compounds could interact with the choline binding site, acetyl binding site, and peripheral anionic site to exert submicromolar BuChE inhibitory activity. In the vitro blood-brain barrier permeation assay, compounds 3a-18 and 3b-1 showed enough blood-brain barrier permeability. In drug-likeness prediction, compounds 3a-18 and 3b-1 showed good gastrointestinal absorption and a low risk of human ether-a-go-go-related gene toxicity. Therefore, compounds 3a-18 and 3b-1 are potential multitarget anti-AD lead compounds, which could work as powerful antioxidants with submicromolar selective inhibitory activity for hBuChE as well as prevent Aβ self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Zeng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huilan Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushun Cui
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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44
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Wu X, Ze X, Qin S, Zhang B, Li X, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydroacridin Hybrids with Sulfur-Inserted Linkers as Potential Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:1782. [PMID: 38675602 PMCID: PMC11051924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that can lead to the loss of cognitive function. The progression of AD is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and their associated targets. Therefore, multitarget strategies theoretically have greater potential for treating AD. In this work, a series of new hybrids were designed and synthesized by the hybridization of tacrine (4, AChE: IC50 = 0.223 μM) with pyrimidone compound 5 (GSK-3β: IC50 = 3 μM) using the cysteamine or cystamine group as the connector. The biological evaluation results demonstrated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). The optimal compound 18a possessed potent dual AChE/GSK-3β inhibition (AChE: IC50 = 0.047 ± 0.002 μM, GSK-3β: IC50 = 0.930 ± 0.080 μM). Further molecular docking and enzymatic kinetic studies revealed that this compound could occupy both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE. The results also showed a lack of toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations of up to 25 μM. Collectively, this work explored the structure-activity relationships of novel tetrahydroacridin hybrids with sulfur-inserted linkers, providing a reference for the further research and development of new multitarget anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
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45
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Singh G, Shankar G, Panda SR, Kumar S, Rai S, Verma H, Kumar P, Nayak PK, Naidu VGM, Srikrishna S, Kumar S, Modi G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Template-Based Novel Multifunctional Ligands Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1388-1414. [PMID: 38525886 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which arises due to low levels of acetyl and butyrylcholines, an increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, metal dyshomeostasis, Aβ and tau aggregations. The currently available drugs for AD treatment can provide only symptomatic relief without interfering with pathological hallmarks of the disease. In our ongoing efforts to develop naturally inspired novel multifunctional molecules for AD, systematic SAR studies on EJMC-4e were caried out to improve its multifunctional properties. The rigorous medicinal efforts led to the development of 12o, which displayed a 15-fold enhancement in antioxidant properties and a 2-fold increase in the activity against AChE and BChE over EJMC-4e. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed the binding sites and stability of the complex of 12o with AChE and BChE. The PAMPA-BBB assay clearly demonstrated that 12o can easily cross the blood-brain barrier. Interestingly, 12o also expresses promising metal chelation activity, while EJMC-4e was found to be devoid of this property. Further, 12o inhibited metal-induced or self Aβ1-42 aggregation. Observing the neuroprotection ability of 12o against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the PC-12 cell line is noteworthy. Furthermore, 12o also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuated mitochondrial-induced ROS and MMP damage caused by LPS and ATP in HMC-3 cells. In addition, 12o is able to effectively reduce mitochondrial and cellular oxidative stress in the AD Drosophila model. Finally, 12o could reverse memory impairment in the scopolamine-induced AD mice model, as evident through in vivo and ex vivo studies. These findings suggest that this compound may act as a promising candidate for further improvement in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gauri Shankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanskriti Rai
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781032, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 201005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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de Sena Murteira Pinheiro P, Franco LS, Montagnoli TL, Fraga CAM. Molecular hybridization: a powerful tool for multitarget drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:451-470. [PMID: 38456452 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2322990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current drug discovery paradigm of 'one drug, multiple targets' has gained attention from both the academic medicinal chemistry community and the pharmaceutical industry. This is in response to the urgent need for effective agents to treat multifactorial chronic diseases. The molecular hybridization strategy is a useful tool that has been widely explored, particularly in the last two decades, for the design of multi-target drugs. AREAS COVERED This review examines the current state of molecular hybridization in guiding the discovery of multitarget small molecules. The article discusses the design strategies and target selection for a multitarget polypharmacology approach to treat various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiac arrhythmia, endometriosis, and inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION Although the examples discussed highlight the importance of molecular hybridization for the discovery of multitarget bioactive compounds, it is notorious that the literature has focused on specific classes of targets. This may be due to a deep understanding of the pharmacophore features required for target binding, making targets such as histone deacetylases and cholinesterases frequent starting points. However, it is important to encourage the scientific community to explore diverse combinations of targets using the molecular hybridization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Lima Montagnoli
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kuzu B, Alagoz MA, Demir Y, Gulcin I, Burmaoglu S, Algul O. Structure-based inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with 2-Aryl-6-carboxamide benzoxazole derivatives: synthesis, enzymatic assay, and in silico studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10828-6. [PMID: 38554169 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
An important research topic is the discovery of multifunctional compounds targeting different disease-causing components. This research aimed to design and synthesize a series of 2-aryl-6-carboxamide benzoxazole derivatives that inhibit cholinesterases on both the peripheral anionic and catalytic anionic sides. Compounds (7-48) were prepared from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid in three steps. The Ellman test, molecular docking with Maestro, and molecular dynamics simulation studies with Desmond were done (Schrodinger, 12.8.117). Compound 36, the most potent compound among the 42 new compounds synthesized, had an inhibitory concentration of IC50 12.62 nM for AChE and IC50 25.45 nM for BChE (whereas donepezil was 69.3 nM and 63.0 nM, respectively). Additionally, compound 36 had docking values of - 7.29 kcal/mol for AChE and - 6.71 kcal/mol for BChE (whereas donepezil was - 6.49 kcal/mol and - 5.057 kcal/mol, respectively). Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that compound 36 is stable in the active gorges of both AChE (average RMSD: 1.98 Å) and BChE (average RMSD: 2.2 Å) (donepezil had average RMSD: 1.65 Å and 2.7 Å, respectively). The results show that compound 36 is a potent, selective, mixed-type dual inhibitor of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. It does this by binding to both the catalytically active and peripheral anionic sites of cholinesterases at the same time. These findings show that target compounds may be useful for establishing the structural basis for new anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Kuzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, 33169, Turkey
| | - M Abdullah Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75000, Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Serdar Burmaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, 33169, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey.
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Naderi A, Akıncıoğlu A, Çağan A, Çelikkaleli H, Akıncıoğlu H, Göksu S. Design, synthesis and anticholinergic properties of novel α-benzyl dopamine, tyramine, and phenethylamine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107146. [PMID: 38262088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the important biological properties of dopamine, phenethylamine, and tyramine derivatives in the central nervous system, herein the synthesis of novel α-benzyl dopamine, phenethylamine, and tyramine derivatives is described. The title compounds were synthesized starting from 3-phenylpropanoic acids and methoxybenzenes in six or seven steps. Firstly, 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (11) and 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (12) were selectively brominated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). The Friedel-Crafts acylation of methoxylated benzenes with these brominated acids or commercially available 3-phenylpropanoic acid in polyphosphoric acid gave the desired dihydrochalcones. α-Carboxylation of dihydrochalcones, reduction of benzylic carbonyl groups, hydrolysis of esters to acid derivatives, and the Curtius rearrangement reaction of acids followed by in situ synthesis of carbamates from alkyl isocyanates and hydrogenolysis of the carbamates afforded the title compounds in good total yields. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic neurodegenerative diseases that become serious over time. However, the exact pathophysiology of both diseases has not been revealed yet. There have been many different approaches to the treatment of patients for many years, especially studies on the cholinergic system cover a wide area. Within the scope of this study, the inhibition effects of dopamine-derived carbamates and amine salts on the cholinergic enzymes AChE and BChE were examined. Dopamine-derived carbamate 24a-i showed inhibition in the micro-nanomolar range; compound 24d showed a Ki value of 26.79 nM against AChE and 3.33 nM against BChE, while another molecule, 24i, showed a Ki range of 27.24 nM and 0.92 nM against AChE and BChE, respectively. AChE and BChE were effectively inhibited by dopamine-derived amine salts 25j-s, with Ki values in the range of 17.70 to 468.57 µM and 0.76-211.23 µM, respectively. Additionally, 24c, 24e and 25m were determined to be 60, 276 and 90 times more selective against BChE than AChE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Akın Akıncıoğlu
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Central Researching Laboratory, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye; Vocational School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Çağan
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Central Researching Laboratory, 04100, Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Hilal Çelikkaleli
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Hülya Akıncıoğlu
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Faculty of Arts and Science, 04100 Ağrı, Turkiye
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkiye.
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Polat Köse L. Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Anticholinergic and Antidiabetic Activities, and Phenolic Ingredients of Asphodelus aestivus by LC-MS/MS. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301965. [PMID: 38237081 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, it was aimed to evaluate three different extracts of the plant Asphodelus aestivus in terms of their antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, flavonoid profile, and anticholinergic and antidiabetic activity. In addition, the phenolic content of the A. aestivus extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The results obtained in the antioxidant studies were checked against butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, Trolox, and α-tocopherol antioxidants, which are reference standards. The half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50 ) values of A. aestivus for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) removal activity were 245.015-285.851 and 285.818-371.563 μg/mL, respectively. Then, the reducing impact of A. aestivus extracts was evaluated by the cupric ion (Cu2+ ), ferric ion (Fe3+ ), and Fe3+ -TPTZ reducing capabilities. Moreover, 0.058, 0.064, and 0.100 μg of gallic acid equivalent of phenolic and 0.500, 1.212, and 2.074 μg of quercetin equivalent of flavonoid contents were determined from 1 mg of ethanol, water, and water-ethanol extracts, respectively. For water-ethanol, ethanol, and water extracts of A. aestivus, IC50 values of 0.062±0.0001, 0.068±0.0002, and 0.090±0.0001 μg/mL against acetylcholinesterase, respectively, were calculated. In addition, against the enzyme α-glucosidase IC50 values of 16.376±0.2216, 18.907±0.3004, and 24.471±0.4929 μg/mL, respectively, were calculated. Extracts showed considerable biological activities thanks to the important molecules they contain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Polat Köse
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School, İstanbul Beykent University, 34500, İstanbul, Turkey
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50
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Pinzi L, Conze C, Bisi N, Torre GD, Soliman A, Monteiro-Abreu N, Trushina NI, Krusenbaum A, Dolouei MK, Hellwig A, Christodoulou MS, Passarella D, Bakota L, Rastelli G, Brandt R. Quantitative live cell imaging of a tauopathy model enables the identification of a polypharmacological drug candidate that restores physiological microtubule interaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1679. [PMID: 38396035 PMCID: PMC10891143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease are characterized by aggregation and increased phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Tau's pathological changes are closely linked to neurodegeneration, making tau a prime candidate for intervention. We developed an approach to monitor pathological changes of aggregation-prone human tau in living neurons. We identified 2-phenyloxazole (PHOX) derivatives as putative polypharmacological small molecules that interact with tau and modulate tau kinases. We found that PHOX15 inhibits tau aggregation, restores tau's physiological microtubule interaction, and reduces tau phosphorylation at disease-relevant sites. Molecular dynamics simulations highlight cryptic channel-like pockets crossing tau protofilaments and suggest that PHOX15 binding reduces the protofilament's ability to adopt a PHF-like conformation by modifying a key glycine triad. Our data demonstrate that live-cell imaging of a tauopathy model enables screening of compounds that modulate tau-microtubule interaction and allows identification of a promising polypharmacological drug candidate that simultaneously inhibits tau aggregation and reduces tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Christian Conze
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nicolo Bisi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dalla Torre
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nanci Monteiro-Abreu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nataliya I Trushina
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andrea Krusenbaum
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maryam Khodaei Dolouei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael S Christodoulou
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
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