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A M Subbaiah M, Mandal U, Patankar V, Bhaskaran S, Nutakki R, Rami B, Shah DP, Mahammad S, Murphy BJ, Huang C, Robl JA, Washburn WN. Exploring monocyclic core: Discovery of pyrrol-2-one derivatives as a new series of potent MCHR1 antagonists with in vivo efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116686. [PMID: 39053192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With an objective to improve the profiles of the 1st generation non-basic MCHR1 antagonists, a lean design approach of replacing the bicyclic thienopyrimidine core with a monocyclic pyrrol-2-one chemotype was examined in the context of reducing aromatic ring count, while also contemplating enhanced flexibility as a means of decreasing flat character. The new compounds exhibited potent antagonism up to the sub-nanomolar range, thereby implying that the monocyclic ring could effectively serve as an effective bioisostere of the bicyclic system. The prototype compound 2m offered benefits like improved potency, reduced half-life, and enhanced solubility, while also demonstrating >5% reduction in weight gain in rats, thereby providing proof-of-concept for this new class of compounds as anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India.
| | - Umasankar Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Patankar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Selvakumar Bhaskaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravikumar Nutakki
- Department of Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhadresh Rami
- Department of Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Devang Praful Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahe Mahammad
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, PIN 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Brian J Murphy
- Department of Metabolic Diseases Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Christine Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Robl
- Department of Metabolic Diseases Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
| | - William N Washburn
- Department of Metabolic Diseases Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543-4000, USA
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2
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Cassels WR, Sherman ER, Longmore KA, Johnson JS. Switchable Enantio- and Diastereoselective Michael Additions of β-Keto Amides to Nitroolefins: Crystallization-Based Inversion of Kinetic Stereocontrol. Org Lett 2024; 26:7176-7180. [PMID: 39151143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalytic reactions rely on chiral catalysts that induce highly ordered transition states capable of imparting stereoselectivity in the bond-forming step(s). Productive deviations from this paradigm are rare yet hold the potential for accessing different stereoisomers using the same catalyst. Here, we present an enantio- and diastereoselective Michael addition of β-keto amides to nitroolefin electrophiles proceeding via an unusual scenario where the kinetic diastereocontrol imparted by the catalyst may be overridden by crystallization to provide the complementary stereoisomer of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Emily R Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kaylah A Longmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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3
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Nishimura T, Shiga K, Sekiya M, Sugawara A, Yonezawa T, Kikuchi H. Synthesis of a Library of Terpenoid Alkaloid-Like Compounds Containing Medium-Sized Rings via Reconstruction of the Humulene Skeleton. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402082. [PMID: 38897925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The construction of a chemical library based on natural products is a promising method for the synthesis of natural product-like compounds. In this study, we synthesized a terpenoid alkaloid-like compound library based on the humulene skeleton. Our strategy, which enables access to diverse ring systems such as 11-membered monocyclic, oxabicyclic, and medium-sized aza ring-containing scaffolds, involves the introduction of a nitrogen atom, an intermolecular C-O bond formation via Lewis acid-mediated epoxide-opening transannulation, and a ring-reconstruction strategy based on olefin metathesis. A cheminformatics analysis based on their structural and physicochemical properties revealed that the synthesized compounds have high three-dimensionality and high natural product likeness scores but with structural novelty. The usefulness of the terpenoid alkaloid-like compound library for drug discovery and the accessibility to structure-activity relationship studies were validated by performing an assay for osteoclast-specific tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, resulting in the identification of a seed compound for bone-resorptive diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, 105-8512, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shiga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, 980-8578, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sekiya
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, 028-3694, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, 980-8578, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
- Present address: Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yonezawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, 487-8501, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, 105-8512, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, 980-8578, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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4
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Beckers M, Sirockin F, Fechner N, Stiefl N. Balancing Molecular Size, Activity, Permeability, and Other Properties: Drug Candidates in the Context of Their Chemical Structure Optimization. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6636-6647. [PMID: 39137447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemical structure optimization is a vital part of early drug discovery projects. Starting with compounds that show activity on the target of interest, the chemical structures are subsequently optimized toward a development candidate (DC) molecule with the best chances of clinical success. However, the DCs in the context of such optimization programs, as well as detailed characterization of major limiting factors, have not been investigated in detail so far. Here, we report an analysis of the historical DC molecules at Novartis since 2005 in the context of their optimization projects. Mapping the DCs into their respective chemical optimization series, we find that these tend to be synthesized rather early in a substantial number of cases. Further analysis of structural properties, ADMET, and potency-related readouts revealed that DC compounds tend to be generally significantly smaller, more permeable, and have higher ligand efficiency than other compounds sent to in vivo PK studies, which we also show for compounds from the same chemical series. Although this might seem obvious to most practitioners in medicinal chemistry, for all of these properties, we could show that they tend to evolve in an undesired direction during structure optimization. This highlights the difficulty of successfully translating our knowledge to medicinal chemistry optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Beckers
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Finton Sirockin
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Nikolas Fechner
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Stiefl
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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5
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Liu J, Gaunt MJ. Versatile, Modular, and General Strategy for the Synthesis of α-Amino Carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39180740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Modulating the basicity of alkylamines is a crucial factor in drug design. Consequently, alkylamines with a proximal amide, ester, or ketone have become privileged features in many pharmaceutical candidates. The impact of α-amino carbonyls has made the development of new methods for their preparation a continuous challenge in synthesis. Here, we describe a practical strategy that provides a modular and programmable synthesis of a wide range of α-amino carbonyls. The generality of this process is made possible by an extremely mild method to generate carbamoyl radicals, proceeding via a Lewis acid-visible-light-mediated Norrish type-I fragmentation of a tailored carboxamide reagent and intercepted through addition to in situ generated unbiased imines. Aside from the reaction's broad scope in each component, its capacity to draw on plentiful and diversely populated amine and carbonyl feedstocks is showcased through a two-dimensional array synthesis that is used to construct a library of novel, assay-ready, α-amino amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Liu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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6
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Beng TK, Anosike IS, Kaur J. Stereocontrolled and time-honored access to piperidine- and pyrrolidine-fused 3-methylenetetrahydropyrans using lactam-tethered alkenols. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26913-26919. [PMID: 39193285 PMCID: PMC11347980 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic oxygen-heterocycles bearing the 3-methylenetetrahydropyran (i.e., 3-MeTHP) motif are resident in bioactive molecules such as hodgsonox and iridoid. Meanwhile, the δ- and γ-lactam topologies as well as their reduced variants (i.e., piperidines and pyrrolidines) are at the core of several pharmaceuticals and fragrances. A stereocontrolled, time-honored, and cost-effective strategy that merges a 3-MeTHP motif with the aforementioned azaheterocyclic scaffolds could exponentially expand the 3D-structural space for the discovery of new small molecules with medicinal value. In these studies, readily affordable lactam-tethered alkenols have been interrogated in two complementary cascade approaches, leading to the regioselective and stereocontrolled synthesis of lactam-fused 3-MeTHPs. The first approach hinges on regioselective 6-endo-trig bromoetherification of the alkenols and concomitant elimination to arrive at the desired 3-MeTHPs. The methylene portion of the 3-MeTHP is unveiled at a late stage, which is noteworthy since all existing approaches to 3-MeTHPs rely on early-stage introduction of the methylene group. The second strategy involves transition metal-catalyzed alkoxylation of the tethered alkenol followed by base-induced double bond isomerization. The lactam-fused 3-MeTHPs are obtained in high site- and diastereo-selectivities. Post-modification of the bicycles has led to the construction of 3-MeTHP-fused saturated piperidines and pyrrolidines as well as 3-MeTHPs bearing four contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Beng
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 USA
| | - Ifeyinwa S Anosike
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 USA
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University Ellensburg WA 98926 USA
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7
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Otsuka Y, Kim E, Krueger A, Shumate J, Wang C, Bdiri B, Ullah S, Park H, Scampavia L, Bannister TD, Chung D, Spicer TP. High throughput screening for SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024:100180. [PMID: 39173831 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for nearly 7 million deaths worldwide since its outbreak in late 2019. Even with the rapid development and production of vaccines and intensive research, there is still a huge need for specific anti-viral drugs that address the rapidly arising new variants. To address this concern, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) established nine Antiviral Drug Discovery (AViDD) Centers, tasked with exploring approaches to target pathogens with pandemic potential, including SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we sought inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 non-structural protein 13 (nsP13) as potential antivirals, first developing a HTS-compatible assay to measure SARS-CoV2 nsP13 helicase activity. Here we present our effort in implementing the assay in a 1,536 well-plate format and in identifying nsP13 inhibitor hit compounds from a ∼650,000 compound library. The primary screen was robust (average Z' = 0.86 ± 0.05) and resulted in 7,009 primary hits. 1,763 of these compounds upon repeated retests were further confirmed, showing consistent inhibition. Following in-silico analysis, an additional orthogonal assay and titration assays, we identified 674 compounds with IC50 <10 μM. We confirmed activity of independent compound batches from de novo powders while also incorporating multiple counterscreen assays. Our study highlights the potential of this assay for use on HTS platforms to discover novel compounds inhibiting SARS-CoV2 nsP13, which merit further development as an effective SARS-CoV2 antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Otsuka
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Midwest AViDD HTS Core B, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Austin Krueger
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Justin Shumate
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Midwest AViDD HTS Core B, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Bilel Bdiri
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Sultan Ullah
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - HaJeung Park
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Midwest AViDD HTS Core B, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Midwest AViDD Chemistry Core C, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Donghoon Chung
- Center for Predictive Medicine, Department of Microbiology Immunology, School of Medicine, Midwest AViDD Project 5, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Midwest AViDD HTS Core B, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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Zhang M, Chapman M, Sarode BR, Xiong B, Liang H, Chen JK, Weerapana E, Morken JP. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of meta benzene isosteres. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07865-4. [PMID: 39169193 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although aromatic rings are common elements in pharmaceutically active compounds, the presence of these motifs brings several liabilities with respect to the developability of a drug1. Nonoptimal potency, metabolic stability, solubility and lipophilicity in pharmaceutical compounds can be improved by replacing aromatic rings with non-aromatic isosteric motifs2. Moreover, whereas aromatic rings are planar and lack three-dimensionality, the binding pockets of most pharmaceutical targets are chiral. Thus, the stereochemical configuration of the isosteric replacements may offer an added opportunity to improve the affinity of derived ligands for target receptors. A notable impediment to this approach is the lack of simple and scalable catalytic enantioselective syntheses of candidate isosteres from readily available precursors. Here we present a previously unknown palladium-catalysed reaction that converts hydrocarbon-derived precursors to chiral boron-containing nortricyclanes and we show that the shape of these nortricyclanes makes them plausible isosteres for meta disubstituted aromatic rings. With chiral catalysts, the Pd-catalysed reaction can be accomplished in an enantioselective fashion and subsequent transformation of the boron group provides access to a broad array of structures. We also show that the incorporation of nortricyclanes into pharmaceutical motifs can result in improved biophysical properties along with stereochemistry-dependent activity. We anticipate that these features, coupled with the simple, inexpensive synthesis of the functionalized nortricyclane scaffold, will render this platform a useful foundation for the assembly of new biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingcong Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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9
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Valli M, Döring TH, Marx E, Ferreira LLG, Medina-Franco JL, Andricopulo AD. Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Chemoinformatics Approach for the Use of Biodiversity in Anti-Trypanosomatid Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1033. [PMID: 39199420 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new treatments for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remains a major challenge in the 21st century. In most cases, the available drugs are obsolete and have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety. The situation becomes even more complex when considering the low number of new chemical entities (NCEs) currently in use in advanced clinical trials for most of these diseases. Natural products (NPs) are valuable sources of hits and lead compounds with privileged scaffolds for the discovery of new bioactive molecules. Considering the relevance of biodiversity for drug discovery, a chemoinformatics analysis was conducted on a compound dataset of NPs with anti-trypanosomatid activity reported in 497 research articles from 2019 to 2024. Structures corresponding to different metabolic classes were identified, including terpenoids, benzoic acids, benzenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, peptides, flavonoids, polyketides, lignans, cytochalasins, and naphthoquinones. This unique collection of NPs occupies regions of the chemical space with drug-like properties that are relevant to anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery. The gathered information greatly enhanced our understanding of biologically relevant chemical classes, structural features, and physicochemical properties. These results can be useful in guiding future medicinal chemistry efforts for the development of NP-inspired NCEs to treat NTDs caused by trypanosomatid parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Valli
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Joao Dagnone, n° 1100, Sao Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto (FCFRP), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Doutor Zeferino Vaz, s/n, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Döring
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Joao Dagnone, n° 1100, Sao Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education (CEE), School of Technology, Exact Sciences and Education (CTE), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Blumenau 89036-256, SC, Brazil
| | - Edgard Marx
- Agile Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (AKSW), Institute of Computer Science, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK), 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Joao Dagnone, n° 1100, Sao Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Av. Joao Dagnone, n° 1100, Sao Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil
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10
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Otsuka Y, Zhang L, Mou H, Shumate J, Kitzmiller CE, Scampavia L, Bannister TD, Farzan M, Choe H, Spicer TP. Simultaneous screening for selective SARS-CoV-2, Lassa, and Machupo virus entry inhibitors. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100178. [PMID: 39159824 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Emerging highly pathogenic viruses can pose profound impacts on global health, the economy, and society. To meet that challenge, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) established nine Antiviral Drug Discovery (AViDD) centers for early-stage identification and validation of novel antiviral drug candidates against viruses with pandemic potential. As part of this initiative, we established paired entry assays that simultaneously screen for inhibitors specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2), Lassa virus (LASV) and Machupo virus (MACV) entry. To do so we employed a dual pseudotyped virus (PV) infection system allowing us to screen ∼650,000 compounds efficiently and cost-effectively. Adaptation of these paired assays into 1536 well-plate format for ultra-high throughput screening (uHTS) resulted in the largest screening ever conducted in our facility, with over 2.4 million wells completed. The paired infection system allowed us to detect two PV infections simultaneously: LASV + MACV, MACV + SARS2, and SARS2 + LASV. Each PV contains a different luciferase reporter gene which enabled us to measure the infection of each PV exclusively, albeit in the same well. Each PV was screened at least twice utilizing different reporters, which allowed us to select the inhibitors specific to a particular PV and to exclude those that hit off targets, including cellular components or the reporter proteins. All assays were robust with an average Z' value ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. The primary screening of ∼650,000 compounds resulted in 1812, 1506, and 2586 unique hits for LASV, MACV, and SARS2, respectively. The confirmation screening narrowed this list further to 60, 40, and 90 compounds that are unique to LASV, MACV, and SARS2, respectively. Of these compounds, 8, 35, and 50 compounds showed IC50 value < 10 μM, some of which have much greater potency and excellent antiviral activity profiles specific to LASV, MACV, and SARS2, and none are cytotoxic. These selected compounds are currently being studied for their mechanism of action and to improve their specificity and potency through chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Otsuka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Lizhou Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Huihui Mou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Justin Shumate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Claire E Kitzmiller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Louis Scampavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael Farzan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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11
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Horai Y, Suda N, Uchihashi S, Katakuse M, Shigeno T, Hirano T, Takahara J, Fujita T, Mukoyama Y, Haga Y. A novel 7-phenoxy-benzimidazole derivative as a potent and orally available BRD4 inhibitor for the treatment of melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117882. [PMID: 39167978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), which is a key epigenetic regulator in cancer, has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of melanoma. In this study, we investigate 7-phenoxy-benzimidazole derivative 12, which is a novel BRD4 inhibitor for the treatment of melanoma, by performing scaffold hopping on the previously reported benzimidazole derivative 1. Despite their good oral and intravenous exposure, the compounds obtained by modifying derivate 1 exhibit mutagenicity, which was confirmed by the positive Ames test results. Based on our hypothesis that the cause of the Ames test positivity is the metabolic intermediates generated from those chemical series, we implemented a scaffold hopping strategy to avoid the N-benzyl moiety by relocating the substituent groups to preserve the essential interaction. Based on this strategy, we successfully obtained compound 12; the Ames test results of this compound were negative. Notably, compound 12 not only exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile but also significant tumor growth inhibition in a mouse melanoma xenograft model, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuji Haga
- Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto 600-8815, Japan
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12
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Jana R, Pradhan K. Shining light on the nitro group: distinct reactivity and selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8806-8823. [PMID: 39081204 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The nitro moiety is an indispensable functional group in organic synthesis due to its facile introduction and reduction to the corresponding amines for a plethora of organic transformations. Owing to its distinct electronegative and conventional properties, it has been used for activated aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions, Smiles reactions, Henry reactions, acyl anion equivalents, etc. Recently, the excellent photochemical properties of nitroarenes have been rediscovered by several groups, and their untapped potential in organic synthesis under UV or visible light irradiation has been exploited. Photoexcited nitroarenes can undergo facile reduction to amines, azo-coupling, metal-free reductive C-N coupling with boronic acids via a 1,2-boronate shift, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), oxygen atom transfer for anaerobic oxidation of organic molecules, molecular editing via nitrene intermediates, denitrative coupling of β-nitrostyrene, radical α-alkylation of nitroalkanes, etc. They have also been used as a photolabile protecting group in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology applications. Here, we summarise the recent findings on visible-light-mediated transformations involving nitro-containing organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Kangkan Pradhan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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13
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Tian DS, Zhang X, Cox RJ. Comparing total chemical synthesis and total biosynthesis routes to fungal specialized metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 39145774 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Covering the period 1965-2024Total synthesis has been defined as the art and science of making the molecules of living Nature in the laboratory, and by extension, their analogues. At the extremes, specialised metabolites can be created by total chemical synthesis or by total biosynthesis. In this review we explore the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches using quantitative methodology that combines measures of molecular complexity, molecular weight and fraction of sp3 centres for bioactive fungal metabolites. Total biosynthesis usually involves fewer chemical steps and those steps move more directly to the target than comparable total chemical synthesis. However, total biosynthesis currently lacks the flexibility of chemical synthesis and the ability to easily diversify synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Song Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Zhang Z, Poletti L, Leonori D. A Radical Strategy for the Alkylation of Amides with Alkyl Halides by Merging Boryl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer and Copper Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22424-22430. [PMID: 39087940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Amide alkylation is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. However, the low nucleophilicity of amides means that divergent coupling with alkyl electrophiles is often not achievable. To circumvent this reactivity challenge, individual amine synthesis followed by amidation with standard coupling agents is generally required. Herein, we demonstrate a radical solution to this challenge by using an amine-borane complex and copper catalysis under oxidative conditions. While borohydride reagents are generally used as reducing agents in ionic chemistry, their conversion into amine-ligated boryl radicals diverts their reactivity toward halogen-atom transfer. This enables the conversion of alkyl halides into the corresponding alkyl radicals for amide functionalization via copper catalysis. The process is applicable to the N-alkylation of primary amides employing unactivated alkyl iodides and bromides, and it was also showcased in the late-state functionalization of both complex amide- and halide-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Poletti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
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15
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Huang M, Sun H, Seufert F, Friedrich A, Marder TB, Hu J. Photoredox/Cu-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling to Access C(sp 3)-Rich gem-Diborylalkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401782. [PMID: 38818649 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
gem-Diborylalkanes are highly valuable building blocks in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry due to their ability to participate in multi-step cross-coupling transformations, allowing for the rapid generation of molecular complexity. While progress has been made in their synthetic metholodology, the construction of β-tertiary and C(sp3)-rich gem-diborylalkanes remains a synthetic challenge due to substrate limitations and steric hindrance issues. An approach is presented that utilizes synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis to achieve efficient C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, which can easily be obtained from alkyl carboxylic acids, with diborylmethyl species, providing a series of C(sp3)-rich gem-diborylalkanes with 1°, 2°, and even 3° β positions. Furthermore, this approach can also be applied to complex medicinal compounds and natural products, offering rapid access to molecular complexity and late-stage functionalization of C(sp3)-rich drug candidates. Mechanistic experiments revealed that diborylmethyl Cu(I) species participated in both the photoredox process and the key C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond-forming step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Huaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Wang MY, Zeng WL, Chen L, Yuan YF, Li W. Umpolung-Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403917. [PMID: 38818640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three-dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π-bonds through umpolung of chromium-arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO-gas-free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late-stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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17
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Wiest O, Bauer C, Helquist P, Norrby PO, Genheden S. Finding Relevant Retrosynthetic Disconnections for Stereocontrolled Reactions. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5796-5805. [PMID: 38995078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning-driven computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) tools have become important tools for idea generation in the design of complex molecule synthesis but do not adequately address the stereochemical features of the target compounds. A novel approach to automated extraction of templates used in CASP that includes stereochemical information included in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and an internal AstraZeneca database containing reactions from Reaxys, Pistachio, and AstraZeneca electronic lab notebooks is implemented in the freely available AiZynthFinder software. Three hundred sixty-seven templates covering reagent- and substrate-controlled as well as stereospecific reactions were extracted from the USPTO, while 20,724 templates were from the AstraZeneca database. The performance of these templates in multistep CASP is evaluated for 936 targets from the ChEMBL database and an in-house selection of 791 AZ designs. The potential and limitations are discussed for four case studies from ChEMBL and examples of FDA-approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Samuel Genheden
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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18
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Cocolas A, Lane AM, Musiak BS, Chartier EJ, Bedillion DA, Hejnosz SL, Rohde JJ, Lummis PA, Evanseck JD, Montgomery TD. Diastereoselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition between Tertiary Amine N-Oxides and Substituted Alkenes to Access 7-Azanorbornanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:6546-6550. [PMID: 39038111 PMCID: PMC11320637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a diastereoselective synthesis of 43 novel 7-azanorbornanes using tertiary amine N-oxides and substituted alkenes. Our method uses an efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition, starting from either commercially available or easily accessible precursors to generate yields up to 97% and diastereomeric ratios up to >20:1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed, suggesting that the observed diastereoselectivity is likely due to steric considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
H. Cocolas
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Aiden M. Lane
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Musiak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Eric J. Chartier
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Derek A. Bedillion
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Sarah L. Hejnosz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Rohde
- Department
of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Franciscan
University of Steubenville, 1235 University Boulevard, Steubenville, Ohio 43952, United States
| | - Paul A. Lummis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Evanseck
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Thomas D. Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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19
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Hirbawi N, Raffman ETA, Pedroarena JR, McGinnis TM, Jarvo ER. Sacrificial Anode-Free Electrochemical Cross-Electrophile Coupling of 1,3-Diol Derivatives to Form Aliphatic and Aryl Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:6556-6561. [PMID: 39082621 PMCID: PMC11320640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling reactions that forge C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds are strategic methods for the synthesis of molecules with high F(sp3), yet very few employ electrochemical conditions as the necessary reductant. Herein, we report an electrochemical intramolecular cross-electrophile coupling reaction of 1,3-diol derivatives to access aliphatic and aryl cyclopropanes, including spirocyclic and fused bicyclic cyclopropanes. The scalable electrochemical cross-electrophile coupling (eXEC) reaction employs a nonsacrificial anode in an undivided cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James R. Pedroarena
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Tristan M. McGinnis
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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20
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Odena C, Santiago TG, Linares ML, Castellanos-Blanco N, McGuire RT, Chaves-Arquero B, Alonso JM, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Tan E, Alcázar J, Buijnsters P, Cañellas S, Martin R. Late-Stage C( sp2)-C( sp3) Diversification via Nickel Oxidative Addition Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21264-21270. [PMID: 39052124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe nickel oxidative addition complexes (Ni-OACs) of drug-like molecules as a platform to rapidly generate lead candidates with enhanced C(sp3) fraction. The potential of Ni-OACs to access new chemical space has been assessed not only in C(sp2)-C(sp3) couplings but also in additional bond formations without recourse to specialized ligands and with improved generality when compared to Ni-catalyzed reactions. The development of an automated diversification process further illustrates the robustness of Ni-OACs, thus offering a new gateway to expedite the design-make-test-analyze (DMTA) cycle in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Odena
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomás G Santiago
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Nahury Castellanos-Blanco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ryan T McGuire
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Belén Chaves-Arquero
- Janssen-Cilag, S.A., a Johnson & Johnson Company, C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Alonso
- Janssen-Cilag, S.A., a Johnson & Johnson Company, C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Eric Tan
- Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv, A Johnson & Johnson Company, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Janssen-Cilag, S.A., a Johnson & Johnson Company, C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Peter Buijnsters
- Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv, A Johnson & Johnson Company, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Janssen-Cilag, S.A., a Johnson & Johnson Company, C/Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Guin A, Deswal S, Harariya MS, Biju AT. Lewis acid-catalyzed diastereoselective formal ene reaction of thioindolinones/thiolactams with bicyclobutanes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12473-12479. [PMID: 39118603 PMCID: PMC11304820 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), featuring two fused cyclopropane rings, have found widespread application in organic synthesis. Their versatile reactivity towards radicals, nucleophiles, cations, and carbenes makes them suitable for various reactions, including ring-opening and annulation strategies. Despite this versatility, their potential as enophiles in an ene reaction remains underexplored. Considering this and given the challenges of achieving diastereoselectivity in ring-opening reactions of BCBs, herein, we present a unique method utilizing BCBs as enophiles in a mild and diastereoselective Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed formal ene reaction with thioindolinones/thiolactams, delivering 1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane derivatives in high yields and excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Notably, structurally different thiolactam derivatives underwent diastereoselective addition to BCBs, affording the corresponding cyclobutanes. The synthesized thioindole-substituted cyclobutanes could serve as a versatile tool for subsequent functional group manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://atbiju.in/
| | - Shiksha Deswal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://atbiju.in/
| | - Mahesh Singh Harariya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://atbiju.in/
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India https://atbiju.in/
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22
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Hu C, Tsien J, Chen SJ, Kong M, Merchant RR, Kanda Y, Qin T. A General Three-Component Alkyl Petasis Boron-Mannich Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21769-21777. [PMID: 39072677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Aryl amines are one of the most common moieties in biologically active molecules, and approximately 37% of drug candidates contain aromatic amines. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry, coined "escaping from flatland", have led to a greater focus on accessing highly functionalized C (sp3)-rich amines to improve the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds. This article presents a modular and operationally straightforward three-component alkyl Petasis boron-Mannich (APBM) reaction that utilizes ubiquitous starting materials, including amines, aldehydes, and alkyl boronates. By adaptation of this transformation to high-throughput experimentation (HTE), it offers rapid access to an array of diverse C(sp3)-rich complex amines, amenable for rapid identification of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - May Kong
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuzuru Kanda
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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23
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Schoetz MD, Deckers K, Singh G, Ahrweiler E, Hoeppner A, Schoenebeck F. Electrochemistry-Enabled C-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Alkyl Germanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21257-21263. [PMID: 39058901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of their robustness and orthogonal reactivity features, alkyl germanes bear significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, especially in the context of modular synthetic approaches. However, to date, only radical-based reactivity has been accessible from these functional handles, which limits the types of possible decorations. Here, we describe the first general C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of alkyl germanes (-GeEt3) by leveraging electrochemistry to unlock polar reactivity. This approach allowed us to couple C(sp3)-GeEt3 with a variety of nucleophiles to construct ethers, esters, amines, amides, sulfonamides, sulfides, as well as C-P, C-F, and C-C bonds. The compatibility of the electrochemical approach with a modular synthetic strategy of a C1 motif was also showcased, involving the sequential functionalization of Cl, Bpin, and ultimately GeEt3 via electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Hoeppner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Gao XY, Tang L, Zhang X, Feng JJ. Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative (4 + 3) cycloadditions of bicyclobutanes with 2-alkylidenetrimethylene carbonates for the synthesis of 2-oxabicyclo[4.1.1]octanes. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02998d. [PMID: 39139738 PMCID: PMC11317905 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
While cycloaddition reactions of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) have emerged as a potent method for synthesizing (hetero-)bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes (usually n ≤ 3), their utilization in the synthesis of bicyclo[4.1.1]octane derivatives (BCOs) is still underdeveloped. Here, a palladium-catalyzed formal (4 + 3) reaction of BCBs with 1,4-O/C dipole precursors for the synthesis of oxa-BCOs is described. Unlike previous catalytic polar (3 + X) cycloadditions of BCBs, which are typically achieved through the activation of BCB substrates, the current reaction represents a novel strategy for realizing the cycloaddition of BCBs through the activation of the "X" cycloaddition partner. Moreover, the obtained functionalized oxa-BCOs products can be readily modified through various synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
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25
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Hu QQ, Wang LY, Chen XH, Geng ZX, Chen J, Zhou L. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Ynamides for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2-Amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405781. [PMID: 38782734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has gained significant attention in drug discovery due to their potential to mimic benzene bioisosteres. Here, we present a mild and scalable Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with ynamides, yielding a diverse array of polysubstituted 2-amino-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexenes in good to excellent yields. These products offer valuable starting materials for the construction of novel functionalized bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves a nucleophilic addition of ynamides to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, followed by an intramolecular cyclization of in situ generated enolate and keteniminium ion. We expect that these findings will encourage utilization of complex bioisosteres and foster further investigation into BCB-based cycloaddition chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xiang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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26
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Ippoliti FM, Wonilowicz LG, Adamson NJ, Darzi ER, Donaldson JS, Nasrallah DJ, Mehta MM, Kelleghan AV, Houk KN, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of Lissodendoric Acid A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406676. [PMID: 38695853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe a full account of our synthetic strategy leading to the first total synthesis of the manzamine alkaloid lissodendoric acid A . These efforts demonstrate that strained cyclic allenes are valuable synthetic building blocks and can be employed efficiently in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Ippoliti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hamline University, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55104, USA
| | - Laura G Wonilowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathan J Adamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Evan R Darzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- ElectraTect, Inc., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Joyann S Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Pfizer Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia, 24153, USA
| | - Milauni M Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Small Molecule Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Andrew V Kelleghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Gilead Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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27
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Chen D, Lepori C, Guillot R, Gil R, Bezzenine S, Hannedouche J. A Rationally Designed Iron(II) Catalyst for C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408419. [PMID: 38774966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the paramount importance of the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) in academia and industry, and the great promise of iron to offer sustainable catalysis, iron-catalyzed SMC involving sp3-hybridized partners is still in its infancy. We herein report the development of a versatile, well-defined electron-deficient anilido-aldimine iron(II) catalyst. This catalyst effectively performed C(sp3)-C(sp2) and C(sp3)-C(sp3) SMC of alkyl halide electrophiles and (hetero)aryl boronic ester and alkyl borane nucleophiles respectively, in the presence of a lithium amide base. These couplings operated under mild reaction conditions and displayed wide functional group compatibility including various medicinally relevant N-, O- and S-based heterocycles. They also tolerated primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (Br, Cl, I), electron-neutral, -rich and -poor boronic esters and primary and secondary alkyl boranes. Our methodology could be directly and efficiently applied to synthesize key intermediates relevant to pharmaceuticals and a potential drug candidate. For C(sp3)-C(sp2) couplings, radical probe experiments militated in favor of a carbon-centered radical derived from the electrophile. At the same time, reactions run with a pre-formed activated boron nucleophile coupled to competition experiments supported the involvement of neutral, rather than an anionic, (hetero)aryl boronic ester in the key transmetalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuang Chen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bezzenine
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 17 avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
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28
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Rahman A, Anjum S, Bhatt JD, Dixit BC, Singh A, Khan S, Fatima S, Patel TS, Hoda N. Sulfonamide based pyrimidine derivatives combating Plasmodium parasite by inhibiting falcipains-2 and falcipains-3 as antimalarial agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24725-24740. [PMID: 39114436 PMCID: PMC11304049 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04370g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this report, we present the design and synthesis of a novel series of pyrimidine-tethered spirochromane-based sulfonamide derivatives aimed at combating drug resistance in malaria. The antimalarial effectiveness of these compounds was assessed in vitro. Structural validation of the synthesized compounds was conducted using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Strong antimalarial activity against CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum was demonstrated by the majority of the compounds. Notably, compounds SZ14 and SZ9 demonstrated particularly potent effects, with compound SZ14 showing IC50 values of 2.84 μM and SZ9 3.22 μM, indicating single-digit micromolar activity. The compounds exhibiting strong antimalarial activity were assessed through enzymatic tests against the cysteine protease enzymes of P. falciparum, falcipain-2 and falcipain-3. The results indicated that SZ14 and SZ9 inhibited PfFP-2 (IC50 values: 4.1 and 5.4 μM, respectively), and PfFP-3 (IC50 values: 4.9 and 6.3 μM, respectively). To confirm the compounds' specificity towards the parasite, we investigated their cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines, revealing strong selectivity indices and no significant cytotoxic effects. Additionally, in vitro hemolysis testing showed these compounds to be non-toxic to normal human blood cells. Moreover, predicted in silico ADME parameters and physiochemical characteristics demonstrated the drug-likeness of the synthetic compounds. These collective findings suggest that sulfonamide derivatives based on pyrimidine-tethered oxospirochromane could serve as templates for the future development of potential antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Shazia Anjum
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India +91-2692-230011#31
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India +91-2692-230011#31
| | - Anju Singh
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Sabiha Khan
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India +91-2692-230011#31
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
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29
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Zhu S, Tian X, Li SW. Intermolecular Formal [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition of Enol Silyl Ethers with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes Promoted by Lewis Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:6309-6313. [PMID: 39041658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Silyl enol ethers react with bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) through Yb(OTf)3-promoted formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions to furnish bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs). This new reaction tolerated a wide range of enol silyl ethers and BCBs. Furthermore, the amplification experiments and synthetic transformations of the cycloaddition compounds further highlighted their practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang X, Ye Z, Li Y, Zhao Z, Ma W, Zhang F. Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Alkenyl Triflates with α-Chloroamides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6364-6369. [PMID: 39051850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling reactions of different electrophiles have been extensively studied but mainly limited to bromides and iodides. Here, we report an electrochemically induced nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling strategy between alkenyl triflates and α-chloroamides in an undivided cell under mild reaction conditions, affording the α-functionalized amide derivatives in good to excellent yields with broad substrate scopes and good functional group tolerance. The control experiments were conducted, and a plausible mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yicai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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31
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de Azevedo LD, Leite DI, de Oliveira AP, Junior FPS, Dantas RF, Bastos MM, Boechat N, Pimentel LCF. Spirooxadiazoline-oxindoles derived from imatinib show antimyeloproliferative potential in K562 cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400029. [PMID: 38627294 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate was the first representative BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) class for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Despite the revolution promoted by TKIs in the treatment of this pathology, a resistance mechanism occurs against all BCR-ABL1 inhibitors, necessitating a constant search for new therapeutic options. To develop new antimyeloproliferative substances, we applied a medicinal chemistry tool known as molecular hybridization to design 25 new substances. These compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated against K562 cells, which express BCR-ABL1, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase enzyme, as well as in WSS-1 cells (healthy cells). The new compounds are conjugated hybrids that contain phenylamino-pyrimidine-pyridine (PAPP) and an isatin backbone, which are the main pharmacophoric fragments of imatinib and sunitinib, respectively. A spiro-oxindole nucleus was used as a linker because it occurs in many compounds with antimyeloproliferative activity. Compounds 2a, 2b, 3c, 4c, and 4e showed promise, as they inhibited cell viability by between 45% and 61% at a concentration of 10 µM. The CC50 of the most active substances was determined to be within 0.8-9.8 µM.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Oxindoles/pharmacology
- Oxindoles/chemical synthesis
- Oxindoles/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Molecular Structure
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Spiro Compounds/chemistry
- Spiro Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviane D de Azevedo
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Debora I Leite
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Andressa P de Oliveira
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Floriano P S Junior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rafael F Dantas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Monica M Bastos
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luiz C F Pimentel
- Departamento de Síntese Orgânica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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32
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Pantelic L, Skaro Bogojevic S, Andrejević TP, Pantović BV, Marković VR, Ašanin DP, Milanović Ž, Ilic-Tomic T, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Glišić BĐ, Lazic J. Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes with Bacterial Prodigiosin Are Targeting Site III of Bovine Serum Albumin and Acting as DNA Minor Groove Binders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8395. [PMID: 39125963 PMCID: PMC11313072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The negative environmental and social impacts of food waste accumulation can be mitigated by utilizing bio-refineries' approach where food waste is revalorized into high-value products, such as prodigiosin (PG), using microbial bioprocesses. The diverse biological activities of PG position it as a promising compound, but its high production cost and promiscuous bioactivity hinder its wide application. Metal ions can modulate the electronic properties of organic molecules, leading to novel mechanisms of action and increased target potency, while metal complex formation can improve the stability, solubility and bioavailability of the parent compound. The objectives of this study were optimizing PG production through bacterial fermentation using food waste, allowing good quantities of the pure natural product for further synthesizing and evaluating copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with it. Their antimicrobial and anticancer activities were assessed, and their binding affinity toward biologically important molecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and DNA was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and molecular docking. The yield of 83.1 mg/L of pure PG was obtained when processed meat waste at 18 g/L was utilized as the sole fermentation substrate. The obtained complexes CuPG and ZnPG showed high binding affinity towards target site III of BSA, and molecular docking simulations highlighted the affinity of the compounds for DNA minor grooves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pantelic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Tina P. Andrejević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Bojana V. Pantović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Violeta R. Marković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Darko P. Ašanin
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.P.A.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Žiko Milanović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.P.A.); (Ž.M.)
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Biljana Đ. Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (T.P.A.); (B.V.P.); (V.R.M.)
| | - Jelena Lazic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (S.S.B.); (T.I.-T.); (J.N.-R.)
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33
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Li Y, Yang L, Li X, Zhang X. Inhibition of GTPase KRAS G12D: a review of patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:701-721. [PMID: 38884569 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2369630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS is a critical oncogenic protein intricately involved in tumor progression, and the difficulty in targeting KRAS has led it to be classified as an 'undruggable target.' Among the various KRAS mutations, KRASG12D is highly prevalent and represents a promising therapeutic target, yet there are currently no approved inhibitors for it. AREA COVERED This review summarizes numerous patents and literature featuring inhibitors or degraders of KRASG12D through searching relevant information in PubMed, SciFinder and Web of Science databases from 2021 to February 2024, providing an overview of the research progress on inhibiting KRASG12D in terms of design strategies, chemical structures, biological activities, and clinical advancements. EXPERT OPINION Since the approval of AMG510 (Sotorasib), there has been an increasing focus on the inhibition of KRASG12D, leading to numerous reports of related inhibitors and degraders. Among them, MRTX1133, as the first KRASG12D inhibitor to enter clinical trials, has demonstrated excellent tumor suppression in various KRASG12D-bearing human tumor xenograft models. It is important to note, however, that understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance caused by KRAS inhibition and developing additional combination therapies is crucial. Moreover, seeking covalent inhibition of KRASG12D also holds significant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- AceMapAI Joint Lab, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- AceMapAI Joint Lab, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Shan Q, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhao X, Loh T, Hu X. Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402255. [PMID: 38885363 PMCID: PMC11336924 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - You‐Wei Wu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Mu‐Xiang Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyHenan University of Technology100 Lianhua StreetZhengzhou450001China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore637371Singapore
| | - Xu‐Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
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35
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Carrieri A, Barbarossa A, de Candia M, Samarelli F, Damiano Altomare C, Czarnota-Łydka K, Sudoł-Tałaj S, Latacz G, Handzlik J, Brunetti L, Piemontese L, Limongelli F, Lentini G, Carocci A. Chiral pyrrolidines as multipotent agents in Alzheimer and neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117829. [PMID: 39002183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical science and drug design the versatility of the pyrrolidine scaffold relating to spatial arrangement, synthetic accessibility and pharmacological profile is a largely explored and most likely interesting one. Nonetheless, few evidences suggest the pivotal role of pyrrolidine as scaffold for multipotent agents in neurodegenerative diseases. We then challenged the enrolling in the field of Alzheimer disease of so far not ravelled targets of this chemical cliché with a structure based and computer-aided design strategy focusing on multi-target action, versatile synthesis as well as pharmacological safeness. To achieve these hits, ten enantiomeric pairs of compounds were obtained and tested, and the biological data will be here presented and discussed. Among the novel compounds, coumarin and sesamol scaffolds containing analogues resulted promising perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carrieri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alexia Barbarossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Samarelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sudoł-Tałaj
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Leonardo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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36
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Masand VH, Al-Hussain S, Alzahrani AY, Al-Mutairi AA, Sultan Alqahtani A, Samad A, Alafeefy AM, Jawarkar RD, Zaki MEA. Unveiling dynamics of nitrogen content and selected nitrogen heterocycles in thrombin inhibitors: a ceteris paribus approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:991-1009. [PMID: 38898679 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2368743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the progress in comprehending molecular design principles and biochemical processes associated with thrombin inhibition, there is a crucial need to optimize efforts and curtail the recurrence of synthesis-testing cycles. Nitrogen and N-heterocycles are key features of many anti-thrombin drugs. Hence, a pragmatic analysis of nitrogen and N-heterocycles in thrombin inhibitors is important throughout the drug discovery pipeline. In the present work, the authors present an analysis with a specific focus on understanding the occurrence and distribution of nitrogen and selected N-heterocycles in the realm of thrombin inhibitors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A dataset comprising 4359 thrombin inhibitors is used to scrutinize various categories of nitrogen atoms such as ring, non-ring, aromatic, and non-aromatic. In addition, selected aromatic and aliphatic N-heterocycles have been analyzed. RESULTS The analysis indicates that ~62% of thrombin inhibitors possess five or fewer nitrogen atoms. Substituted N-heterocycles have a high occurrence, like pyrrolidine (23.24%), pyridine (20.56%), piperidine (16.10%), thiazole (9.61%), imidazole (7.36%), etc. in thrombin inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The majority of active thrombin inhibitors contain nitrogen atoms close to 5 and a combination of N-heterocycles like pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, etc. This analysis provides crucial insights to optimize the transformation of lead compounds into potential anti-thrombin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay H Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, India
| | - Sami Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Y Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Asser, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamal A Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Alafeefy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA [UiTM], Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, Amravati, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Tsien J, Hu C, Merchant RR, Qin T. Three-dimensional saturated C(sp 3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:605-627. [PMID: 38982260 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor 'drug-like' properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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38
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Gayen P, Ghorai P. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Construction of Spirooxazines via Chemoselective Cascade Addition of N-Substituted Hydroxylamine with Keto-bis-enone. Org Lett 2024; 26:6185-6190. [PMID: 39023290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Spirooxazines represent a privileged heterocyclic scaffold having pronounced biological importance. Herein, we introduce a chiral bifunctional squaramide catalyzed highly chemoselective cascade reaction involving aza-Michael/1,2-addition/oxa-Michael addition of N-substituted hydroxylamine with keto-bis-enones. This strategy enables the synthesis of highly enantioenriched oxa-spirooxazines with a broad substrate tolerance. Scalability and synthetic transformation have demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol. Furthermore, control experiments provided insights into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
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39
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Jarusiewicz JA, Yoshimura S, Actis M, Li Y, Fu X, Yang L, Narina S, Pruett-Miller SM, Zhou S, Wang X, High AA, Nishiguchi G, Yang JJ, Rankovic Z. Development of an Orally Bioavailable LCK PROTAC Degrader as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11868-11884. [PMID: 38973320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances over recent years, the treatment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains challenging. We have recently shown that a subset of T-ALL cases exhibited constitutive activation of the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) and were consequently responsive to treatments with LCK inhibitors and degraders such as dasatinib and dasatinib-based PROTACs. Here we report the design, synthesis and in vitro/vivo evaluation of SJ45566, a potent and orally bioavailable LCK PROTAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Jarusiewicz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Marisa Actis
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shilpa Narina
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Anthony A High
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Gisele Nishiguchi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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40
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Marshall CM, Federice JG, Bell CN, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. An Update on the Nitrogen Heterocycle Compositions and Properties of U.S. FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals (2013-2023). J Med Chem 2024; 67:11622-11655. [PMID: 38995264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This Perspective is a continuation of our analysis of U.S. FDA-approved small-molecule drugs (1938-2012) containing nitrogen heterocycles. In this study we report drug structure and property analyses of 321 unique new small-molecule drugs approved from January 2013 to December 2023 as well as information about frequency of important heteroatoms such as sulfur and fluorine and key small nitrogen substituents (CN and NO2). The most notable change is an incredible increase in drugs containing at least one nitrogen heterocycle─82%, compared to 59% from preceding decades─as well as a significant increase in the number of nitrogen heterocycles per drug. Pyridine has claimed the #1 high-frequency nitrogen heterocycle occurrence spot from piperidine (#2), with pyrimidine (#5), pyrazole (#6), and morpholine (#9) being the big top 10 climbers. Also notable is high number of fused nitrogen heterocycles, apparently driven largely by newly approved cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John G Federice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chloe N Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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41
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Pennington LD, Hesse MJ, Koester DC, McAtee RC, Qunies AM, Hu DX. Property-Based Drug Design Merits a Nobel Prize. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11452-11458. [PMID: 38940466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rory C McAtee
- Drug Hunter, Happy Valley, Oregon 97086, United States
| | | | - Dennis X Hu
- Drug Hunter, Happy Valley, Oregon 97086, United States
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42
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Zhou JL, Xiao Y, He L, Gao XY, Yang XC, Wu WB, Wang G, Zhang J, Feng JJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Switchable Hetero-(5 + 3)/Enantioselective [2σ+2σ] Cycloadditions of Bicyclobutanes with Vinyl Oxiranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19621-19628. [PMID: 38739092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
For nearly 60 years, significant research efforts have been focused on developing strategies for the cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs). However, higher-order cycloaddition and catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of BCBs have been long-standing formidable challenges. Here, we report Pd-catalyzed ligand-controlled, tunable cycloadditions for the divergent synthesis of bridged bicyclic frameworks. The dppb ligand facilitates the formal (5+3) cycloaddition of BCBs and vinyl oxiranes, yielding valuable eight-membered ethers with bridged bicyclic scaffolds in 100% regioselectivity. The Cy-DPEphos ligand promotes selective hetero-[2σ+2σ] cycloadditions to access pharmacologically important 2-oxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (O-BCHeps). Furthermore, the corresponding catalytic asymmetric synthesis of O-BCHeps with 94-99% ee has been achieved using chiral (S)-DTBM-Segphos, representing the first catalytic asymmetric cross-dimerization of two strained rings. The obtained O-BCHeps are promising bioisosteres for ortho-substituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
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43
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Wei MK, Moseley DF, Bär RM, Sempere Y, Willis MC. Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Halides to N-Sulfinylamines for the Synthesis of Sulfinamides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19690-19695. [PMID: 38994915 PMCID: PMC11273345 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Sulfinamides are versatile, synthetically useful intermediates, and final motifs. Traditional methods to synthesize sulfinamides generally require substrates with preinstalled sulfur centers. However, these precursors have limited commercial availability, and the associated synthetic routes often require harsh reaction conditions and highly reactive reagents, thus severely limiting their application. Herein, we report the synthesis of sulfinamides from aryl and alkenyl (pseudo)halides and N-sulfinylamines, enabled by palladium catalysis. The reactions use mild conditions and are achieved without the use of highly reactive preformed organometallic reagents, resulting in transformations of broad generality and high functional group tolerance. In particular, substrates featuring protic and electrophilic functional groups can be used successfully. The modification of complex aryl cores and natural product derivatives demonstrates the utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kai Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F. Moseley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Bär
- Research
& Development, Crop Science, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, Monheim am Rhein 40789, Germany
| | - Yeshua Sempere
- Research
& Development, Crop Science, Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, Monheim am Rhein 40789, Germany
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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44
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Sedillo K, Fan F, Knowles RR, Doyle AG. Cooperative Phosphine-Photoredox Catalysis Enables N-H Activation of Azoles for Intermolecular Olefin Hydroamination. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20349-20356. [PMID: 38985548 PMCID: PMC11268998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic intermolecular olefin hydroamination is an enabling synthetic strategy that offers direct and atom-economical access to a variety of nitrogen-containing compounds from abundant feedstocks. However, despite numerous advances in catalyst design and reaction development, hydroamination of N-H azoles with unactivated olefins remains an unsolved problem in synthesis. We report a dual phosphine and photoredox catalytic protocol for the hydroamination of numerous structurally diverse and medicinally relevant N-H azoles with unactivated olefins. Hydroamination proceeds with high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and N-site selectivity. The mild conditions and high functional group tolerance of the reaction permit the rapid construction of molecular complexity and late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds. N-H bond activation is proposed to proceed via polar addition of the N-H azole to a phosphine radical cation, followed by P-N α-scission from a phosphoranyl radical intermediate. Reactivity and N-site selectivity are classified by azole N-H BDFE and nitrogen-centered radical spin density, respectively, which can serve as a useful predictive aid in extending the reaction to unseen azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Sedillo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Flora Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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45
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Hu S, Pan Y, Ni D, Deng L. Facile access to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by Lewis acid-catalyzed formal cycloaddition between silyl enol ethers and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6128. [PMID: 39033172 PMCID: PMC11271461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated three-dimensional carbocycles have gained increasing prominence in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) have been identified as the molecular replacement for benzenes. Here, we present facile access to a variety of BCHs via a stepwise two-electron formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition between silyl enol ethers and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) under Lewis acid catalysis. The reaction features wide functional group tolerance for silyl enol ethers, allowing the efficient construction of two vicinal quaternary carbon centers and a silyl-protected tertiary alcohol unit in a streamlined fashion. Interestingly, the reaction with conjugated silyl dienol ethers can provide access to bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (BCOs) equipped with silyl enol ethers that facilitate further transformation. The utilities of this methodology are demonstrated by the late-stage modification of natural products, transformations of tertiary alcohol units on bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane frameworks, and derivatization of silyl enol ethers on bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, delivering functionalized bicycles that are traditionally inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongshun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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46
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Li K, Zu B, Mazet C. Ni-Catalyzed Kumada-Corriu Cross-Coupling Reactions of Tertiary Grignard Reagents and Bromostyrenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:6047-6052. [PMID: 38981082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of protocols for the construction of congested quaternary centers is highly sought-after. Herein, we report a method for the cross-coupling of C(sp3) tertiary Grignard reagents with C(sp2) styrenyl bromides using readily available nickel precatalysts. We identified conditions that afford the products in practical yield for several combinations of electrophiles and nucleophiles, including sensitive α-magnesiated Grignard reagents. Dependent upon the nature of their substituents, regiodivergency was observed when α-vinyl bromides were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bing Zu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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47
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Mondal PP, Chungath AA, Krishnan M, Das S, Mandodi A, Sahoo B. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 3,3'-Dialkyloxindole Boronic Esters from 3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles Enabled by Copper Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10403-10408. [PMID: 38970159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
We describe a 1,2-alkylboration of 3-alkylidene-2-oxindoles with a diboron reagent and alkyl bromides and iodides enabled by copper/bisphosphine catalysis. This scalable alkylboration method provides facile access to 3,3'-dialkyloxindole boronic esters featuring an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter and an increased F(sp3) fraction. In addition to good functional group tolerance and prolific utilization of drug/pesticide-derived alkyl iodides, the conversion of the C-B bond to a C-C/C-X bond offers further opportunities for structural variation of 3,3'-dialkyloxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Alvin Antony Chungath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Malavika Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Subham Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Aarya Mandodi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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48
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Yamini P, Babbar A, Yadagiri D. Light-Driven Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Alkene-Tethered N-Tosylhydrazones: Synthesis of Fused-Cyclopropane γ-Lactones. Org Lett 2024; 26:6035-6040. [PMID: 38985949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Fused-cyclopropane ring-containing γ-lactone compounds are versatile building blocks in many fields, including the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Here, we report the light-driven intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkene-tethered N-tosylhydrazones in the presence of Cs2CO3 and visible light. We have synthesized various electronically and sterically substituted and heterocyclic-containing fused-(spiro)cyclopropane γ-lactone compounds in good yields under transition metal-free conditions using a radical-free approach. In addition, the one-pot synthesis of fused-cyclopropane γ-lactones from α-ketoesters and their synthetic utility are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhriyal Yamini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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49
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Hashimoto N, Taguchi J, Kasagi T, Arichi N, Inuki S, Ohno H. Construction of the Akuammiline Alkaloid Core Structure via Stereoselective E-Ring Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10388-10392. [PMID: 38952036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Construction of the core structure of akuammiline alkaloids with three-dimensional cage-like structures for their diversity-oriented synthesis was investigated. Extensive exploration centered around the introduction of nitrogen functional groups and construction of the E-ring in an intramolecular or intermolecular manner revealed that a Claisen rearrangement approach involving intramolecular amination provided a common precursor, potentially facilitating divergent access to various types of akuammiline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takumi Kasagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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50
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Narra RR, Unnithan VG, Liu Y, Guo Z. Rapid Access to Divergent Fused Polycycles Via One-Pot A 3 Coupling and Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401449. [PMID: 38749918 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Divergent nitrogen-containing fused polycyclic ring systems are constructed from simple starting materials via a one-pot aldehyde-alkyne-amine (A3) coupling and intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. This domino reaction directly furnishes linear 5/5/5 and 5/5/6, or nonlinear 5/5/6/5, polycyclic rings containing an oxa-bridged fused 5/5 bicycle and a 1,6-enyne substructure. One-step derivation of the oxa-bridged 5/5 bicycle leads to a polyfunctionalized 5/5 bicycle with tetrahydrofuran fused back-to-back to pyrroline or a 6/5 bicycle with the hexahydro-1H-isoindole structure, while cycloisomerizing the enyne substructure adds an extra fused 5-membered ring to afford functionalized linear 5/5/5/5 or 5/5/5/5/5 fused ring systems from selected substrates. In addition, the one-pot product can be designed so that the alkyne moiety is hydroalkoxylated to form an additional heterocyle in a linear 5/5/5/6 or nonlinear 5/5/6/5/5 ring system. This diversity-oriented synthetic approach thus allows rapid access to an under-explored structural space for discovery of new biological or non-biological activities or functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Reddy Narra
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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