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Long N, Le Gresley A, Wozniak A, Brough S, Wren SP. Synthesis and evaluation of druglike parameters via in silico techniques for a series of heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives as potential carboxylic acid bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117565. [PMID: 38142561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a synthetic compound library comprising of 13 structurally diverse heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives. The compounds featured in this library were designed as potential bioisosteric replacements carboxylic acid moiety's. A good selection of the compounds presented exhibit unique molecular architecture and have shown promising results following in silico evaluation of 'druglike properties' using Swiss ADME. The research presented in this work focuses on the preparation of derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, a known carboxylic acid bioisostere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - A Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - A Wozniak
- Asynt, Unit 29 Hall Barn Road Industrial Estate, Isleham, Cambridgeshire CB7 5RJ, United Kingdom
| | - S Brough
- Key Organics Ltd, Highfield Road Industrial Estate Camelford, Cornwall PL32 9RA, United Kingdom
| | - S P Wren
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
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2
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Gottlieb N, Li TY, Young AH, Stokes PRA. The 5-HT7 receptor system as a treatment target for mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1167-1181. [PMID: 37994803 PMCID: PMC10714716 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231211228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical animal and preliminary human studies indicate that 5-HT7 antagonists have the potential as a new treatment approach for mood and anxiety disorders. In this systematic review, we aimed to review the relationship between the 5-HT7 receptor system and mood and anxiety disorders, and to explore the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of medications that target the 5-HT7 receptor for their treatment. METHODS Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO databases, the National Institute of Health website Clinicaltrials.gov, controlled-trials.com, and relevant grey literature were used to search for original research articles, and reference lists of included articles were then hand searched. RESULTS Sixty-four studies were included in the review: 52 animal studies and 12 human studies. Studies used a variety of preclinical paradigms and questionnaires to assess change in mood, and few studies examined sleep or cognition. Forty-four out of 47 (44/47) preclinical 5-HT7 modulation studies identified potential antidepressant effects and 20/23 studies identified potential anxiolytic effects. In clinical studies, 5/7 identified potential antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder, 1/2 identified potential anxiolytic effects in generalized anxiety disorder, and 3/3 identified potential antidepressant effects in bipolar disorders. CONCLUSION While there is some evidence that the 5-HT7 receptor system may be a potential target for treating mood and anxiety disorders, many agents included in the review also bind to other receptors. Further research is needed using drugs that bind specifically to 5-HT7 receptors to examine treatment proof of concept further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gottlieb
- Natalie Gottlieb, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul RA Stokes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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3
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Mangeant R, Dubost E, Cailly T, Collot V. Radiotracers for the Central Serotoninergic System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:571. [PMID: 35631397 PMCID: PMC9143978 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review lists the most important radiotracers described so far for imaging the central serotoninergic system. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography radiotracers are reviewed and critically discussed for each receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynald Mangeant
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
- UNICAEN, IMOGERE, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Côte de Nacre, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Valérie Collot
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), UNICAEN, Normandie Univ., 14000 Caen, France; (R.M.); (E.D.)
- Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie (BB@C), Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
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4
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V. Prescribed drugs containing nitrogen heterocycles: an overview. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44247-44311. [PMID: 35557843 PMCID: PMC9092475 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatoms as well as heterocyclic scaffolds are frequently present as the common cores in a plethora of active pharmaceuticals natural products. Statistically, more than 85% of all biologically active compounds are heterocycles or comprise a heterocycle and most frequently, nitrogen heterocycles as a backbone in their complex structures. These facts disclose and emphasize the vital role of heterocycles in modern drug design and drug discovery. In this review, we try to present a comprehensive overview of top prescribed drugs containing nitrogen heterocycles, describing their pharmacological properties, medical applications and their selected synthetic pathways. It is worth mentioning that the reported examples are actually limited to current top selling drugs, being or containing N-heterocycles and their synthetic information has been extracted from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
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5
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Kułaga D, Jaśkowska J, Satała G, Latacz G, Śliwa P. Aminotriazines with indole motif as novel, 5-HT7 receptor ligands with atypical binding mode. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Romeo G, Salerno L, Pittalà V, Candido M, Intagliata S, Amata E, Salmona M, Cagnotto A, Rescifina A, Floresta G, Modica MN. [1]Benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as ligands for the serotonergic 5-HT7 receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Zaręba P, Jaśkowska J, Śliwa P, Satała G. New dual ligands for the D 2 and 5-HT 1A receptors from the group of 1,8-naphthyl derivatives of LCAP. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2236-2242. [PMID: 31253532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 300 million people are suffering from depression, one of the civilization diseases in the 21st century. Serotonin 5-HT1AR and dopamine D2R play an important role in the treatment and pathogenesis of depression. Moreover, in recent years, the efficacy of dual 5-HT1A/D2 receptors ligands has been demonstrated in the fight against depression. In this work the new bulky arylpiperazine derivatives (LCAP) were synthesized in microwave radiation field. The affinities for the selected serotonin (5-HT1A,5-HT2A,5-HT6,5-HT7) and dopamine (D2) receptors have been evaluated in vitro. Compounds 5.3a, 5.4, 5.1c, 5.3d, 5.2a are promising dual 5-HT1AR/D2R ligands. The SAR analysis were additionally supported with molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zaręba
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, Cracow 31-155, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaśkowska
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, Cracow 31-155, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology - Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, Cracow 31-343, Poland
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8
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Chandrakumari S, Gopalakrishnan M, Sivakumar D, Manikandan H. One Pot Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Studies and AIM Analyses of Ethyl-1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180907151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of bis/mono ethyl-1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate has been synthesized by treating respective tetrazole with ethyl chloroformate in THF and DIPEA as a catalyst. The structure of the novel molecule is characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. After conforming the structure, bis/mono ethyl-1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate was subjected to hydrolysis under both acidic and basic conditions. The hydrolysis reaction did not occur; to know the relevant reason, we move to theoretical studies. DFT B3LYP method was used to determine the optimized structure and HOMO & LUMO energies of the title molecule. The energy was found to be from 4.23-5.31 eV. Energy gap was related to hardness and reactivity. Additionally, we provide the reason with respect to AIM analysis, which was performed for one molecule. The synthesized title molecules were characterized by IR, 1H & 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. Theoretical studies such as DFT and AIM analysis were also performed. All the synthesized compounds were verified by analytical data such as IR, NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectra and theoretical studies such as DFT and AIM analysis. The HOMO & LUMO energy was found to be from 4.5 eV to 5.2 eV. More energy gap results in enriched hardness in the molecule and decreased reactivity. From the AIM analysis result, we found that there is a formation of a weak bond between the oxygen of the carbonyl group and carbon of the phenyl group. Due to these reasons, the title molecule did not undergo hydrolysis reaction under both acidic and basic conditions. We report on the synthesis and characterization of bis/mono ethyl-1-aryl-1H-tetrazole-5- carboxylate. HOMO & LUMO energy were found to be 4.5 – 5.2 eV. High energy will increase the hardness of the molecule which will result in decreased reactivity of the molecule. Additionally, we provide AIM analysis done for the compound 6a and there is formation of a weak bond between the oxygen of the carbonyl group and carbon of the phenyl group. Oxygen used its lone pair of electron in the formation of a weak bond with carbon and hence oxygen become unreactive and so the hydrolysis reaction did not happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambandam Chandrakumari
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608 002, TamilNadu, India
| | | | - Dhanavel Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608 002, TamilNadu, India
| | - Haridoss Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608 002, TamilNadu, India
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9
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Blattner KM, Canney DJ, Pippin DA, Blass BE. Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of the 5-HT 7 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:89-119. [PMID: 30020772 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that serotonin (5-HT) exerts its pharmacological effects through a series of 5-HT receptors. The most recently identified member of this family, 5-HT7, was first identified in 1993. Over the course of the last 25 years, this receptor has been the subject of intense investigation, and it has been demonstrated that 5-HT7 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. As a result of these findings, modulation of 5-HT7 activity has been the focus of numerous drug discovery and development programs. This review provides an overview of the roles of 5-HT7 in normal physiology and the therapeutic potential of this interesting drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Blattner
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Daniel J. Canney
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Douglas A. Pippin
- Praeventix, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 200H, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Benjamin E. Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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10
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Kelemen ÁA, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Keserű GM. Spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3′-oxindoles] as 5-HT 7 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2418-2421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Modica MN, Lacivita E, Intagliata S, Salerno L, Romeo G, Pittalà V, Leopoldo M. Structure-Activity Relationships and Therapeutic Potentials of 5-HT 7 Receptor Ligands: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8475-8503. [PMID: 29767995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) has been the subject of intense research efforts because of its presence in brain areas such as the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex. Preclinical data link the 5-HT7R to a variety of central nervous system processes including the regulation of circadian rhythms, mood, cognition, pain processing, and mechanisms of addiction. 5-HT7R blockade has antidepressant effects and may ameliorate cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. 5-HT7R has been recently shown to modulate neuronal morphology, excitability, and plasticity, thus contributing to shape brain networks during development and to remodel neuronal wiring in the mature brain. Therefore, the activation of 5-HT7R has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with abnormal neuronal connectivity. This Perspective celebrates the silver jubilee of the discovery of 5-HT7R by providing a survey of recent studies on the medicinal chemistry of 5-HT7R ligands and on the neuropharmacology of 5-HT7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Modica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Medical Science Building, 1345 Center Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università di Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4 , 70125 Bari , Italy
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12
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Stiedl O, Pappa E, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Ögren SO. The role of the serotonin receptor subtypes 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 and its interaction in emotional learning and memory. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:162. [PMID: 26300776 PMCID: PMC4528280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is a multifunctional neurotransmitter innervating cortical and limbic areas involved in cognition and emotional regulation. Dysregulation of serotonergic transmission is associated with emotional and cognitive deficits in psychiatric patients and animal models. Drugs targeting the 5-HT system are widely used to treat mood disorders and anxiety-like behaviors. Among the fourteen 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) subtypes, the 5-HT1AR and 5-HT7R are associated with the development of anxiety, depression and cognitive function linked to mechanisms of emotional learning and memory. In rodents fear conditioning and passive avoidance (PA) are associative learning paradigms to study emotional memory. This review assesses the role of 5-HT1AR and 5-HT7R as well as their interplay at the molecular, neurochemical and behavioral level. Activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1ARs impairs emotional memory through attenuation of neuronal activity, whereas presynaptic 5-HT1AR activation reduces 5-HT release and exerts pro-cognitive effects on PA retention. Antagonism of the 5-HT1AR facilitates memory retention possibly via 5-HT7R activation and evidence is provided that 5HT7R can facilitate emotional memory upon reduced 5-HT1AR transmission. These findings highlight the differential role of these 5-HTRs in cognitive/emotional domains of behavior. Moreover, the results indicate that tonic and phasic 5-HT release can exert different and potentially opposing effects on emotional memory, depending on the states of 5-HT1ARs and 5-HT7Rs and their interaction. Consequently, individual differences due to genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role for the responsiveness to drug treatment, e.g., by SSRIs which increase intrasynaptic 5-HT levels thereby activating multiple pre- and postsynaptic 5-HTR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stiedl
- Department of Functional Genomics, Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam -VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elpiniki Pappa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Behavioral Neuroscience Group, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam -VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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Grychowska K, Masurier N, Verdié P, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Martinez J, Pawłowski M, Subra G, Zajdel P. Solid-Supported Synthesis and 5-HT7/5-HT1AReceptor Affinity of Arylpiperazinylbutyl Derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-(1H)-one. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:697-703. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grychowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Jagiellonian University Medical College; 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Nicolas Masurier
- Department of Aminoacids; Peptides and Proteins Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247; 15 Charles Flahault Av. 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- Department of Aminoacids; Peptides and Proteins Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247; 15 Charles Flahault Av. 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 12 Smętna Street 31-343 Kraków Poland
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; 12 Smętna Street 31-343 Kraków Poland
| | - Jean Martinez
- Department of Aminoacids; Peptides and Proteins Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247; 15 Charles Flahault Av. 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Jagiellonian University Medical College; 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
| | - Gilles Subra
- Department of Aminoacids; Peptides and Proteins Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron; UMR CNRS 5247; 15 Charles Flahault Av. 34093 Montpellier France
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Jagiellonian University Medical College; 9 Medyczna Street 30-688 Kraków Poland
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14
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Hauser SR, Hedlund PB, Roberts AJ, Sari Y, Bell RL, Engleman EA. The 5-HT7 receptor as a potential target for treating drug and alcohol abuse. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:448. [PMID: 25628528 PMCID: PMC4292232 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and drug abuse take a large toll on society and affected individuals. However, very few effective treatments are currently available to treat alcohol and drug addiction. Basic and clinical research has begun to provide some insights into the underlying neurobiological systems involved in the addiction process. Several neurotransmitter pathways have been implicated and distinct reward neurocircuitry have been proposed—including the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (MCL-DA) system and the extended amygdala. The serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter system is of particular interest and multiple 5-HT receptors are thought to play significant roles in alcohol and drug self-administration and the development of drug dependence. Among the 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT7 receptor is currently undergoing characterization as a potential target for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. Although this receptor has received only limited research regarding addictive behaviors, aspects of its neuroanatomical, biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral profiles suggest that it could play a key role in the addiction process. For instance, genomic studies in humans have suggested a link between variants in the gene encoding the 5-HT7 receptor and alcoholism. Recent behavioral testing using high-affinity antagonists in mice and preliminary tests with alcohol-preferring rats suggest that this receptor could mediate alcohol consumption and/or reinforcement and play a role in seeking/craving behavior. Interest in the development of new and more selective pharmacological agents for this receptor will aid in examining the 5-HT7 receptor as a novel target for treating addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheketha R Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter B Hedlund
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA ; Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Mouse Behavioral Assessment Core, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric A Engleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Targeting the Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor in the Search for Treatments for CNS Disorders: Rationale and Progress to Date. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:265-75. [PMID: 25721336 PMCID: PMC4555343 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-015-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT7 (5-hydroxytryptamine 7, serotonin 7) receptor is one of the most recently identified members of the serotonin receptor family. Pharmacological tools, including selective antagonists and, more recently, agonists, along with 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) knock-out mice have revealed the involvement of this receptor in central nervous system processes. Its well-established role in controlling body temperature and regulating sleep and circadian rhythms has implicated this receptor in mood disorders. Thus, the 5-HT7R has gained much attention as a possible target for the treatment of depression. Although preclinical data support the antidepressant-like actions of 5-HT7R antagonists, their clinical efficacy has not been yet established. Other evidence has implicated the 5-HT7R in learning and memory. Preclinical findings suggest that blockade of this receptor may be beneficial against schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits. Other possible indications include nociception, epilepsy, migraine, autism spectrum disorders, and Rett Syndrome. However, the question is whether the beneficial effects may be achieved by activation or blockade of 5-HT7Rs. Hence, this review briefly summarises the recent findings on the role of 5-HT7Rs and their ligands in CNS disorders.
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Structure–activity relationships and molecular modeling studies of novel arylpiperazinylalkyl 2-benzoxazolones and 2-benzothiazolones as 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:716-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Kim Y, Tae J, Lee K, Rhim H, Choo IH, Cho H, Park WK, Keum G, Choo H. Novel N-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl 2-methoxyphenylpiperazinylalkanamides as 5-HT7R antagonists for the treatment of depression. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4587-96. [PMID: 25127461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R) is a promising target for the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain. 5-HT7R antagonists exhibited antidepressant effects, while the agonists produced strong anti-hyperalgesic effects. In our efforts to discover selective 5-HT7R antagonists or agonists, N-biphenylylmethyl 2-methoxyphenylpiperazinylalkanamides 1 were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated against 5-HT7R. Among the synthesized compounds, N-2'-chlorobiphenylylmethyl 2-methoxyphenylpiperazinylpentanamide 1-8 showed the best binding affinity with a Ki value of 8.69nM and it was verified as a novel antagonist according to functional assays. The compound 1-8 was very selective over 5-HT1DR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT3R, 5-HT5AR and 5-HT6R and moderately selective over 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1BR and 5-HT2CR. The novel 5-HT7R antagonist 1-8 exhibited an antidepressant effect at a dose of 25mg/kg in the forced swimming test in mice and showed a U-shaped dose-response curve which typically appears in 5-HT7R antagonists such as SB-269970 and lurasidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Tae
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangho Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han Choo
- School of Medicine, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyu Park
- Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Bartolucci S, Pala D, Mor M, Riccioni T, Borsini F, Cabri W, Celona D, Marzi M, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Minetti P. Towards the development of 5-HT7 ligands combining serotonin-like and arylpiperazine moieties. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:8-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Romano E, Ruocco LA, Nativio P, Lacivita E, Ajmone-Cat MA, Boatto G, Nieddu M, Tino A, Sadile AG, Minghetti L, Passarelli F, Leopoldo M, Laviola G, Adriani W. Modulatory effects following subchronic stimulation of brain 5-HT7-R system in mice and rats. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:383-400. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shen Y, Wang JY, Song GH. Ionic liquid-supported synthesis of piperazine derivatives as potential insecticides. Mol Divers 2013; 18:195-202. [PMID: 24281924 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the purpose of extending our efforts on the search and synthesis of new insecticides with novel acting modes, a series of novel 4-(2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)aniline derivatives were designed based on classical serotonin receptor ligands and synthesized through the rapid ionic liquid-supported parallel synthesis with yields up to 88 %. These products were purified through the convenient washing with appropriate solvents and isolated in good yield. In addition, 27 amide or urea derivatives of anilines were also prepared. Bioassay data showed that some of the synthesized compounds displayed selective insecticidal bioactivities against tested pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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21
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Only repeated administration of the serotonergic agonist 8-OH-DPAT improves place learning of rats subjected to fimbria-fornix transection. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 109:50-8. [PMID: 23680575 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic agonists may act neuroprotectively against brain injury. This study addressed the therapeutic potential of 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonist, after mechanical brain injury, and evaluated its effects in terms of acquisition of an allocentric place learning task in a water maze. Rats were divided into 6 experimental groups, three of which were subjected to bilateral transection of fimbria-fornix (FF), while three groups were given control surgery (Sham). After surgery, within both the lesioned, and sham-operated animals, respectively, one group was administered a single dose of saline, one group was given a single dose (0.5 mg/kg/b.w.) of 8-OH-DPAT, and one group was treated with daily administration of 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg/b.w.) for eight days. The acquisition of the water maze based place learning task started on the 8th day post-surgery and continued for 20 days. The results show that the lesioned group subjected to repeated administration of 8-OH-DPAT demonstrated a significantly improved acquisition of the place learning task compared to the vehicle injected lesion group. In contrast, the lesioned group treated with a single administration displayed impaired performance compared to the baseline lesion group. There were no significant effects of the 8-OH-DPAT administration in the sham control groups. We conclude that only the repeated stimulation of the 5-HT1A/7 system was associated with beneficial, recovery enhancing effects.
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Assessment of 5-HT(7) Receptor Agonists Selectivity Using Nociceptive and Thermoregulation Tests in Knockout versus Wild-Type Mice. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2012; 2012:312041. [PMID: 22761612 PMCID: PMC3385710 DOI: 10.1155/2012/312041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No study has ever examined the effect of 5-HT7 receptor agonists on nociception by using 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice. Basal sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli and formalin-induced nociception in both phase I and II of the formalin test did not differ in 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice and paired wild-type controls. Similarly, there was no significant difference in basal body temperature between both genotypes. Subcutaneous administration of 5-HT7 receptor agonists AS-19 (10 mg/kg), E-57431 (10 mg/kg), and E-55888 (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced formalin-induced licking/biting behavior during the phase II of the test in wild-type but not in 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice. At these active analgesic doses, none of the three 5-HT7 receptor agonists modified the basal body temperature neither in wild-type nor in 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice. However, a significant decrease in body temperature was observed at a higher dose (20 mg/kg) of AS-19 and E-57431 in both genotypes. Our data strongly suggest that the 5-HT7 receptor agonists AS-19, E-57431, and E-55888 produce antinociception in the formalin test by activating 5-HT7 receptors. These results also strengthen the idea that the 5-HT7 receptor plays a role in thermoregulation, but by acting in concert with other receptors.
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Modulatory effects of two novel agonists for serotonin receptor 7 on emotion, motivation and circadian rhythm profiles in mice. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:833-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lemoine L, Andries J, Le Bars D, Billard T, Zimmer L. Comparison of 4 Radiolabeled Antagonists for Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor Neuroimaging: Toward the First PET Radiotracer. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1811-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.089185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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25
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Volk B, Gacsályi I, Pallagi K, Poszávácz L, Gyönös I, Szabó É, Bakó T, Spedding M, Simig G, Szénási G. Optimization of (Arylpiperazinylbutyl)oxindoles Exhibiting Selective 5-HT7 Receptor Antagonist Activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6657-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200547z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Volk
- Chemical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - István Gacsályi
- Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Katalin Pallagi
- Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - László Poszávácz
- Chemical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Ildikó Gyönös
- Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Tibor Bakó
- Chemical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Michael Spedding
- Les Laboratoires Servier, 22 rue Garnier, 92578 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Gyula Simig
- Chemical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, Budapest, H-1475 Hungary
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26
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Andries J, Lemoine L, Le Bars D, Zimmer L, Billard T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential 5-HT7 receptor PET radiotracers. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3455-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Roberts AJ, Hedlund PB. The 5-HT(7) receptor in learning and memory. Hippocampus 2011; 22:762-71. [PMID: 21484935 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT(7) receptor is a more recently discovered G-protein-coupled receptor for serotonin. The functions and possible clinical relevance of this receptor are not yet fully understood. The present paper reviews to what extent the use of animal models of learning and memory and other techniques have implicated the 5-HT(7) receptor in such processes. The studies have used a combination of pharmacological and genetic tools targeting the receptor to evaluate effects on behavior and cellular mechanisms. In tests such as the Barnes maze, contextual fear conditioning and novel location recognition that involve spatial learning and memory there is a considerable amount of evidence supporting an involvement of the 5-HT(7) receptor. Supporting evidence has also been obtained in studies of mRNA expression and cellular signaling as well as in electrophysiological experiments. Especially interesting are the subtle but distinct effects observed in hippocampus-dependent models of place learning where impairments have been described in mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptor or after administration of a selective antagonist. While more work is required, it appears that 5-HT(7) receptors are particularly important in allocentric representation processes. In instrumental learning tasks both procognitive effects and impairments in memory have been observed using pharmacological tools targeting the 5-HT(7) receptor. In conclusion, the use of pharmacological and genetic tools in animal studies of learning and memory suggest a potentially important role for the 5-HT(7) receptor in cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Roberts
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Synthesis of selected 5-thio-substituted tetrazole derivatives and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal activities. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc090421001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several 5-thio-substituted tetrazole derivatives were efficiently
synthesized by a three-step process. The substituted tetrazol-5-thiol,
namely, 1-benzyl-1H-tetrazol-5-thiol (2) was prepared by refluxing
commercially available benzyl isothiocyanate (1) with sodium azide in water.
The second step was the synthesis of 1-benzyl-5-[(3-bromopropyl)
thio]tetrazole (3) by thio alkylation of tetrazol-5-thiol (2) with 1,3-
dibromopropane in tetrahydrofuran. Finally, the 5-thio-substituted tetrazole
derivatives 4a-i were prepared by condensation of (3) with the corresponding
amine or thiol. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were
characterized by NMR, LC/MS/MS, IR spectral data and elemental analysis. All
the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and
antifungal activities.
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Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Berardi F, Perrone R, Hedlund PB. Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor agents: Structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic applications in central nervous system disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:120-48. [PMID: 20923682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1940s in serum, the mammalian intestinal mucosa, and in the central nervous system, serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to be involved in virtually all cognitive and behavioral human functions, and alterations in its neurochemistry have been implicated in the etiology of a plethora of neuropsychiatric disorders. The cloning of 5-HT receptor subtypes has been of importance in enabling them to be classified as specific protein molecules encoded by specific genes. The 5-HT(7) receptor is the most recently classified member of the serotonin receptor family. Since its identification, it has been the subject of intense research efforts driven by its presence in functionally relevant regions of the brain. The availability of some selective antagonists and agonists, in combination with genetically modified mice lacking the 5-HT(7) receptor, has allowed for a better understanding of the pathophysiological role of this receptor. This paper reviews data on localization and pharmacological properties of the 5-HT(7) receptor, and summarizes the results of structure-activity relationship studies aimed at the discovery of selective 5-HT(7) receptor ligands. Additionally, an overview of the potential therapeutic applications of 5-HT(7) receptor agonists and antagonists in central nervous system disorders is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Cai M, Li Z, Fan F, Huang Q, Shao X, Song G. Design and synthesis of novel insecticides based on the serotonergic ligand 1-[(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (PAPP). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2624-2629. [PMID: 20000410 DOI: 10.1021/jf902640u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
1-[(4-Aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (PAPP) is a 5-HT(1A) agonist and was reported to display high affinity for serotonin (5-HT) receptor from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus . The present investigation explored the possibility of using PAPP as a lead compound of new insecticides with novel mode of action. On the basis of the PAPP scaffold, a series of 1-arylmethyl-4-[(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activities against the armyworm Pseudaletia separata (Walker). Bioassays showed that most of the target compounds displayed certain growth-inhibiting activities or larvicidal activities against armyworm. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for growth-inhibiting activities was also analyzed and established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 544, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Leopoldo M, Berardi F, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Lacivita E, Perrone R, Tortorella V. Studies on 1-arylpiperazine derivatives with affinity for rat 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A receptors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:247-55. [PMID: 15005884 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several 1-aryl-4-(2-arylethyl)piperazine derivatives were synthesized and tested in-vitro for their binding affinity for 5-HT7 and 5-HT1A receptors. These compounds displayed 5-HT7 receptor affinity ranging between Ki = 474 nm and Ki = 8.2 nm, besides high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor. Intrinsic activity of the most potent compounds was assessed. 4-[2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (16) and 1-(1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-4-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]piperazine (20) (Ki = 24.5 and 8.2 nm, respectively) behaved as partial agonist and full agonist, respectively, when tested for 5-HT7 receptor-mediated relaxation of substance P-induced guinea-pig ileum contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Dilly S, Graulich A, Liégeois JF. Molecular modeling study of 4-phenylpiperazine and 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives: A new step towards the design of high-affinity 5-HT1A ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Badarau E, Putey A, Suzenet F, Joseph B, Bojarski A, Finaru A, Guillaumet G. New insights into homopiperazine-based 5-HT1A/5-HT7R ligands: synthesis and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 25:301-5. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903179393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Finaru
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Bacau, Bacau, Romania
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The 5-HT7 receptor and disorders of the nervous system: an overview. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 206:345-54. [PMID: 19649616 PMCID: PMC2841472 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 5-HT(7) receptor is a more recently discovered G-protein-coupled receptor for serotonin. The functions and possible clinical relevance of this receptor are not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE The present paper reviews to what extent the use of animal models of human psychiatric and neurological disorders have implicated the 5-HT(7) receptor in such disorders. The studies have used a combination of pharmacological and genetic tools targeting the receptor to evaluate effects on behavior. RESULTS Models of anxiety and schizophrenia have yielded mixed results with no clear role for the 5-HT(7) receptor described in these disorders. Some data are available for epilepsy, migraine, and pain but it is still very early to draw any definitive conclusions. There is a considerable amount of evidence supporting a role for the 5-HT(7) receptor in depression. Both blockade and inactivation of the receptor have resulted in an antidepressant-like profile in models of depression. Supporting evidence has also been obtained in sleep studies. Especially interesting are the augmented effects achieved by combining antidepressants and 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists. The antidepressant effect of amisulpride has been shown to most likely be mediated by the 5-HT(7) receptor. CONCLUSIONS The use of pharmacological and genetic tools in preclinical animal models strongly supports a role for the 5-HT(7) receptor in depression. Indirect evidence exists showing that 5-HT(7) receptor antagonism is clinically useful in the treatment of depression. Available data also indicate a possible involvement of the 5-HT(7) receptor in anxiety, epilepsy, pain, and schizophrenia.
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35
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Badarau E, Suzenet F, Bojarski AJ, Fînaru AL, Guillaumet G. Benzimidazolone-based serotonin 5-HT1A or 5-HT7R ligands: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1600-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G, Liy-Salmeron G, Flores-Galvez D, Castillo C, Castillo E. The effects of the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD and the 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS19 on memory formation. Behav Brain Res 2008; 195:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Singh US, Shankar R, Yadav GP, Kharkwal G, Dwivedi A, Keshri G, Singh M, Moulik P, Hajela K. Synthesis and structure guided evaluation of estrogen agonist and antagonist activities of some new tetrazolyl indole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2149-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Insomnia, which is severe enough to warrant treatment, occurs in approximately 10% of the general population. It is associated with a range of adverse consequences for human health, economic productivity and quality of life. In animal and human studies, administration of melatonin has been reported to promote sleep, although there has been controversy regarding its effectiveness. The present study used a chronically implanted radiotelemetry transmitter to record electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) to enable discrimination of wake (W), nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in un-restrained rats. The acute action of melatonin and ramelteon, a melatonin agonist recently approved for long-term treatment of insomnia in the USA, was examined. Radioligand binding assays on recombinant human MT(1)/MT(2) receptors showed that both the melatonin and ramelteon were both high affinity, nonsubtype selective ligands. Both compounds acted as potent full agonists on a cellular model of melatonin action, the pigment aggregation response in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Both melatonin and ramelteon (10 mg/kg, i/p), administered close to the mid-point of the dark phase of the L:D cycle, significantly reduced NREM sleep latency (time from injection to the appearance of NREM sleep). Both the drugs also produced a short-lasting increase in NREM sleep duration, but the NREM power spectrum was unaltered. Neither drug altered REM latency, REM sleep duration nor power spectrum during REM sleep. In conclusion, ramelteon administration, like melatonin, exerted an acute, short-lasting sleep-promoting effect in the rat, the model most commonly used to evaluate the activity of novel hypnotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Fisher
- Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of indolyl bisphosphonates as anti-bone resorptive and anti-leishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8482-91. [PMID: 18752963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of indole conjugated bisphosphonate derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-bone resorptive activity using bone marrow osteoclast culture. Two bisphosphonates 23 and 24 significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis, 23 showed inhibition at 10 and 100 pM which was lower than the concentration of standard drug alendronate, and 24 inhibited osteoclastogenesis at 100 nM which was comparable to alendronate. Two other compounds 13 and 14 also showed inhibition comparable to alendronate, but were cytotoxic in the osteoblast cells. The two active bisphosphonates 23 and 24 induced significant osteoclast apoptosis at concentrations 100 nM for compound 24 and at 10 pM for compound 23 compared to alendronate. In vivo effect of active bisphosphonates 23 and 24 resulted in osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow cells (BMCs) to almost 40-50% (23 showing 8.4% decrease and 24 showing 9.0%) compared to 16.5% of the ovariectomized group. Further, screening of anti-leishmanial activity, four compounds 24-25 and 27-28 showed more than 80% inhibition against both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the Leishmania parasite.
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40
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Yoon J, Yoo EA, Kim JY, Pae AN, Rhim H, Park WK, Kong JY, Park Choo HY. Preparation of piperazine derivatives as 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5405-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Volk B, Barkóczy J, Hegedus E, Udvari S, Gacsályi I, Mezei T, Pallagi K, Kompagne H, Lévay G, Egyed A, Hársing LG, Spedding M, Simig G. (Phenylpiperazinyl-butyl)oxindoles as selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2522-32. [PMID: 18361484 DOI: 10.1021/jm070279v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 (5-HT 7) ligands has been synthesized that contain a 1,3-dihydro-2 H-indol-2-one (oxindole) skeleton. The binding of these compounds to the 5-HT 7 and 5-HT 1A receptors was measured. Despite the structural similarity of these two serotonin receptor subtypes, several derivatives exhibited a high selectivity to the 5-HT 7 receptor. According to the structure-activity relationship observations, compounds unsubstituted at the oxindole nitrogen atom and containing a tetramethylene spacer between the oxindole skeleton and the basic nitrogen atom are the most potent ligands. Concerning the basic group, besides the moieties of the 4-phenylpiperazine type, halophenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines also proved to be 5-HT 7 receptor-ligands. Because of halogen substitution on the aromatic rings, good metabolic stability could be achieved. A representative of the family, 3-{4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-butyl}-3-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-2 H-indol-2-one ( 9e') exhibited selective 5-HT 7 antagonist activity ( K i = 0.79 nM). The in vivo pharmacological potencies of these 5-HT 7 receptor-ligands were estimated by the conflict drinking (Vogel) and the light-dark anxiolytic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Volk
- Chemical Research Division and Preclinical Research Division, EGIS Pharmaceuticals Plc, P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest, Hungary.
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42
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Recent Advances on the 5-HT5A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 Receptors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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43
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Na YH, Hong SH, Lee JH, Park WK, Baek DJ, Koh HY, Cho YS, Choo H, Pae AN. Novel quinazolinone derivatives as 5-HT7 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:2570-8. [PMID: 18083580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5-HT(7) receptor antagonists generated antidepressant-like effects in animal model and the involvement of the 5-HT(7) receptor in other pathophysiological mechanisms such as thermoregulation, learning and memory, and sleep has been highlighted by various studies. As one of our efforts to discover a new type of 5-HT(7) receptor antagonists, we here report on the synthesis and binding affinities to the 5-HT(7) receptor of the quinazolinone library 1, which was designed with various substituents (X, Y, R(1), and R(2)) on the aromatic rings and different carbon chain length. Total 85 compounds of the quinazolinone library 1 were synthesized and the binding affinities of all the synthesized compounds were obtained by radioligand binding assay for the 5-HT(7) receptor. Among the 85 compounds, 24 compounds show very good binding affinities with IC(50) values below 100 nM. Mainly the compounds with IC(50) values below 100 nM have o-OMe or o-OEt as R(2) substituent. The compound with the best binding affinity is 1-68 of which the IC(50) value is 12 nM. In in vivo animal study, some synthesized compounds really have the antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Na
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
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Paillet-Loilier M, Fabis F, Lepailleur A, Bureau R, Butt-Gueulle S, Dauphin F, Lesnard A, Delarue C, Vaudry H, Rault S. Novel aminoethylbiphenyls as 5-HT7 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3018-22. [PMID: 17419056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of aminoethylbiphenyls as novel 5-HT(7) receptor ligands is described. The novel derivatives exhibit high affinity for the 5-HT(7) receptor with selectivity toward 5-HT(1A) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Paillet-Loilier
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie EA3915, Université de Caen, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 5, rue Vaubénard 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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45
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Kołaczkowski M, Nowak M, Pawłowski M, Bojarski AJ. Receptor-based pharmacophores for serotonin 5-HT7R antagonists-implications to selectivity. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6732-41. [PMID: 17154504 DOI: 10.1021/jm060300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of 31 diversified 5-HT7 receptor antagonists was automatically docked to a conformational ensemble of rhodopsin-based 5-HT7R models (flexible docking). It was found that ergolines, aporphines, and tricyclic psychotropic agents were always docked in a pocket formed by TMHs 4-6, and besides the main ionic bond with Asp3.32, they had specific interactions with Phe6.52, Phe6.51, Trp6.48, and Ser5.42. The arylpiperidine, arylpiperazine, or beta-carboline fragment of the complex ligands occupied the same pocket, whereas the terminal amide/imide part of those compounds reached the second cavity formed by TMHs 7-3 and interacted with Phe3.28, Arg7.36, and Tyr7.43. A similar orientation of selective antagonists of the group of arylsulfonamidoalkylamines was observed, that is, the sulfonamide part was located in the second pocket. Coherent docking results allowed the generation of two receptor-based pharmacophores: first containing features necessary for high 5-HT7R affinity and the other defining selectivity for this receptor subtype. The latter model indicated the importance of specific interactions with the residues of the TMHs 7-3 pocket (especially nonconserved Arg7.36) for selectivity over other monoamine GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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46
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Wesołowska A, Nikiforuk A, Stachowicz K. Potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970 after intrahippocampal administration to rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 553:185-90. [PMID: 17097082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Using conflict drinking and forced swimming tests in rats, we examined the anxiolytic- and the antidepressant-like activity, respectively, of (2R)-1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-pyrrolidine (SB 269970), a selective 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, after its intrahippocampal administration. SB 269970 at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mug showed an anticonflict effect which was weaker than that of diazepam (40 mug), whereas SB 269970 at doses of 3 and 10 mug had marked anti-immobility action comparable to that of imipramine (0.1 mug). Importantly, the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity of SB 269970 seemed to be specific, since that agent - when given by the same route in doses effective in either model - affected neither the shock threshold, nor the non-punished water consumption, nor the exploratory activity of rats. The obtained results indicate that the hippocampus is one of the neuroanatomical structures involved in the potential anxiolytic and, in particular, antidepressant activity of SB 269970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wesołowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, Kraków PL 31-343, Poland.
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47
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Glennon RA. 3-(4-(Tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl)oxindoles as 5-HT 7receptor ligands. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.8.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Lepailleur A, Bureau R, Paillet-Loilier M, Fabis F, Saettel N, Lemaître S, Dauphin F, Lesnard A, Lancelot JC, Rault S. Molecular modeling studies focused on 5-HT7 versus 5-HT1A selectivity. Discovery of novel phenylpyrrole derivatives with high affinity for 5-HT7 receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 45:1075-81. [PMID: 16045303 DOI: 10.1021/ci050045p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study discusses the well-known 5-HT7/5-HT1A selectivity issue through a new series of phenylpyrrole derivatives. The first hits emerged from a virtual screening performed on a chemolibrary. Further study led to an optimization of a preliminary 5-HT7 pharmacophore model. The importance of each pharmacophoric feature is confirmed, but these characteristics have to be coupled to geometric constraints in order to achieve a 5-HT7 selectivity. Indeed, 5-HT1A affinity probably arises from extended conformations, whereas a bent one appears to be best suited for 5-HT7 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Lepailleur
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Université de Caen, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 5 rue Vaubénard, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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49
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50
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Raubo P, Beer MS, Hunt PA, Huscroft IT, London C, Stanton JA, Kulagowski JJ. Aminoalkyl phenyl sulfones--a novel series of 5-HT7 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1255-8. [PMID: 16337790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 5-HT(7) receptor ligands has been identified and evaluated, providing compounds showing a broad spectrum of functional activities and good selectivity over selected receptors and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Raubo
- The Neuroscience Research Centre, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK.
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