1
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Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Cao S. NaOAc-Assisted Aerobic Oxidation Protocol for the Synthesis of Pentacoordinate Chalcogenyl Spirophosphoranes with P-Se/P-S Bonds under Open Air. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3259-3270. [PMID: 38380616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The NaOAc-assisted aerobic oxidation reaction of pentacoordinate hydrospirophosphoranes and dichalcogenyl compounds with open air as a green oxidant has been developed under mild conditions. A series of novel pentacoordinate spirophosphoranes with P-Se/P-S bonds were synthesized in excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance tracing experiments, high-resolution mass spectrometry tracing experiments, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The method features a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and a high degree of atomic utilization and is meaningful for the synthesis of bioactive chalcogenphosphate compounds with chalcogen and phosphorus moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuxia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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2
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Photoinduced cyclization of aryl ynones with 4-alkyl-DHPs for the divergent synthesis of indenones, thioflavones and spiro[5.5]trienones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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3
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Visible-Light-Induced, Graphene Oxide-Promoted C3-Chalcogenylation of Indoles Strategy under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030772. [PMID: 35164036 PMCID: PMC8839487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and general method for the synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles and 3-selenylindoles employing visible-light irradiation with graphene oxide as a promoter at room temperature has been achieved. The reaction features are high yields, simple operation, metal-free and iodine-free conditions, an easy-to-handle oxidant, and gram-scalable synthesis. This simple protocol allows one to access a wide range of 3-arylthioindoles, 3-arylselenylindoles, and even 3-thiocyanatoindoles with good to excellent yields.
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4
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Fang Y, Li X, Liu C, Tang J, Chen Z. Nucleophilic Substitution of Selenosulfonates with Me 3SiCF 2Br: Facile and Efficient Access to Bromodifluoromethylated Selenides under Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18081-18093. [PMID: 34823360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of bromodifluoromethylated selenides under metal-free conditions is described here. Commercially available Me3SiCF2Br and bench-stable selenosulfonates react smoothly to give a broad scope of alkyl- and aryl-substituted bromodifluoromethylated selenides in moderate to good yields via a difluorocarbene intermediate. This protocol features a short reaction time, the absence of toxic waste, good scalability, and successful late-stage modification of bioactive molecules. In addition, the title products can be easily converted to different fluorinated and 18F-labeled selenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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5
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Karim R, Begum MM, Alim MA, Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Khan AF, Islam T, Khan SI, Rahman MS. Effects of Alcoholic Extracts of Bangladeshi Mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) Leaf and Stem on Atherogenic Model of Wistar Albino Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:7539037. [PMID: 34194526 PMCID: PMC8184344 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7539037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) is a popular mangrove ethnomedicinal plant that cures several ailments, including asthma, diabetes, cancer, and many others. Our experiment was aimed at evaluating the anti-atherogenic effect of A. ilicifolius (leaf and stem) on a high-fat diet-induced atherogenic rat model. Atherosclerosis was developed in 12 weeks. Treatment with the standard drug (3 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o. of Simvastatin), separate doses of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.), and stem (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.) was subsequently conducted for additional 15 days. The anti-atherogenic effect was evaluated by estimating the change in body weight, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profile. Histopathology of aorta, liver, and kidney of atherogenic models was done for further evaluation. The antioxidant effect of different extracts was performed via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay using ascorbic acid as standard. The anticoagulant effect was determined after 15 days of treatment with the same doses of the plant extracts and the standard Warfarin (2 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.). When compared with atherogenic control, treatment with A. ilicifolius significantly reduced (p < 0.01) body weight, systolic blood pressure, and serum lipid levels while it elevated HDL (high-density lipoprotein) level in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, bleeding and clotting time was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) under the treatment of plant extracts. The histopathological data showed considerable improvement in tissue morphology after treatment. Our study evidenced that the alcoholic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf and stem have anti-atherogenic properties and may be recommended as a potential herbal remedy for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaba Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abdul Alim
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Tanjina Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
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6
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Ban YL, You L, Feng KW, Ma FC, Jin XL, Liu Q. Meyer-Schuster-Type Rearrangement of Propargylic Alcohols into α-Selenoenals and -enones with Diselenides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5274-5283. [PMID: 33709711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a mild and broadly applicable protocol for the preparation of a diverse array of multisubstituted α-selenoenals and -enones from readily accessible propargylic alcohols and diselenides. The transformation proceeds via the Selectfluor-promoted selenirenium pathway, which enables selenenylation/rearrangement of a variety of propargylic alcohols. Gram-scale experiments showed the potential of this synergistic protocol for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Cen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yuan JW, Zhang Y, Huang GC, Ma MY, Yang TY, Yang LR, Zhang SR, Mao P, Qu LB. Site-specific C–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones enabled by Selectfluor reagent. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A site-specific C6–H chalcogenation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various diselenides and dithiols is presented by employing Selectfluor reagent as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guang-Chao Huang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng-Yao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Teng-Yu Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Liang-Ru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications; Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - Pu Mao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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8
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Luo N, Sun ZW, Xu XX, Hu XQ, Jia FC. A transition-metal-free, base-promoted annulation/ring-cleavage/ring-reconstruction cascade reaction: a facile access to N-protection free indole-indenones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented base-promoted reaction of 2-halogenated arylglyoxals with 2-oxindoles is accomplished under metal-free conditions, furnishing a wide range of biologically important (NH)-indeno[2,1-b]indol-6(5H)-ones in useful to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xing-Xin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng-Cheng Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
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9
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Liu C, Peng X, Hu D, Shi F, Huang P, Luo J, Liu Q, Liu L. The direct C3 chalcogenylation of indolines using a graphene-oxide-promoted and visible-light-induced synergistic effect. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green methodology for the construction of carbon–chalcogen (S and Se) bonds via a GO-promoted and metal-free light-induced synergistic effect is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Panpan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangxian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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10
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Li J, Liu X, Deng J, Huang Y, Pan Z, Yu Y, Cao H. Electrochemical diselenylation of indolizines via intermolecular C-Se formation with 2-methylpyridines, α-bromoketones and diselenides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:735-738. [PMID: 31840710 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical system for the construction of diselenytlated indolizines from available pyridines, ketones and diselenides under undivided electrolytic conditions was developed. No external oxidants and transition-metal catalysts are needed for achieving this three-component tandem reaction realizing C-C, C-N and C-Se bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jiadi Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yingshan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Zihao Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
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11
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Hamed AA. Some Reactions of 3-Chloroisoindolium Salts with Nucleophiles: Access to Isoindole Derivatives and Ellipticine Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234053431121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Chloro-2-substituted-1-oxoisoindolium hexachloroantimonate (1) reacted with water, ethanol and dimethyl-cyanamide to give the corresponding phthalimide derivatives 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Reaction of 1a with nitriles afforded the intermediate 2-azoniaallene salts 5 which underwent cyclisation reaction upon heating to furnish the ellipticine analogues 6. The biological activities of 6a–e against HIV-1 and HBV viruses were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam
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12
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Song Z, Liang G. An efficient t-BuOK promoted C3-chalcogenylation of indoles with dichalcogenides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4958-4962. [PMID: 29947393 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and efficient method for the synthesis of 3-chalcogenyl-indoles from indoles and dichalcogenides employing t-BuOK as a promoter at room temperature has been achieved. The present protocol exhibited a broad functional group tolerance. Diverse 3-sulfenyl- and 3-selenyl-indoles were rapidly obtained in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivities. It is noteworthy that this transformation was applicable to N-protected and N-unprotected indoles, allowing N-deprotection and C3-chalcogenylation of indoles in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzu Yu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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13
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Martins GM, do Carmo G, Morel AF, Kaufman TS, Silveira CC. A Convenient and Atom-Economic One-Pot Selenium-Chloride-Mediated Synthesis of 2-Arylselenopheno[2,3-b
]indoles and Their Antifungal Activity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. Martins
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900, RS Brazil
| | - Gabriele do Carmo
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900, RS Brazil
| | - Ademir F. Morel
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900, RS Brazil
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR); Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Claudio C. Silveira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900, RS Brazil
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14
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Jiang N, Fang Y, Fang Y, Wang SY, Ji SJ. Iodine-promoted one pot reaction of pyridin-2-amine with arylmethyl ketone and selenosulfonate: synthesis of 3-(alkylselanyl)-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine under transition-metal free conditions. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new efficient approach for the I2 promoted selenium functionalization of in situ generated imidazoheterocycles utilizing aliphatic selenosulfonate as the selenium source under transition metal-free conditions is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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15
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Guo T, Dong Z, Zhang P, Xing W, Li L. Direct selenation of imidazoheterocycles and indoles with selenium powder in a copper-catalyzed three-component one-pot system. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Sands KN, Tuck TA, Back TG. Cyclic Seleninate Esters, Spirodioxyselenuranes and Related Compounds: New Classes of Biological Antioxidants That Emulate Glutathione Peroxidase. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai N. Sands
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Tyler A. Tuck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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17
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Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the stems of Flammulina velutipes and Hypsizygus tessellatus (white and brown var.) extracted with different solvents. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Barbosa NV, Nogueira CW, Nogara PA, de Bem AF, Aschner M, Rocha JBT. Organoselenium compounds as mimics of selenoproteins and thiol modifier agents. Metallomics 2017; 9:1703-1734. [PMID: 29168872 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for animals and its role in the chemistry of life relies on a unique functional group: the selenol (-SeH) group. The selenol group participates in critical redox reactions. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) exemplify important selenoproteins. The selenol group shares several chemical properties with the thiol group (-SH), but it is much more reactive than the sulfur analogue. The substitution of S by Se has been exploited in organic synthesis for a long time, but in the last 4 decades the re-discovery of ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one) and the demonstration that it has antioxidant and therapeutic properties has renovated interest in the field. The ability of ebselen to mimic the reaction catalyzed by GPx has been viewed as the most important molecular mechanism of action of this class of compound. The term GPx-like or thiol peroxidase-like reaction was previously coined in the field and it is now accepted as the most important chemical attribute of organoselenium compounds. Here, we will critically review the literature on the capacity of organoselenium compounds to mimic selenoproteins (particularly GPx) and discuss some of the bottlenecks in the field. Although the GPx-like activity of organoselenium compounds contributes to their pharmacological effects, the superestimation of the GPx-like activity has to be questioned. The ability of these compounds to oxidize the thiol groups of proteins (the thiol modifier effects of organoselenium compounds) and to spare selenoproteins from inactivation by soft-electrophiles (MeHg+, Hg2+, Cd2+, etc.) might be more relevant for the explanation of their pharmacological effects than their GPx-like activity. In our view, the exploitation of the thiol modifier properties of organoselenium compounds can be harnessed more rationally than the use of low mass molecular structures to mimic the activity of high mass macromolecules that have been shaped by millions to billions of years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda V Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andreza F de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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19
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Manimaran M, Kannabiran K. Marine Streptomyces Sp. VITMK1 Derived Pyrrolo [1, 2-A] Pyrazine-1, 4-Dione, Hexahydro-3-(2-Methylpropyl) and Its Free Radical Scavenging Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874847301705010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Free radical generation has been proved to be responsible for various cellular diseases. It is necessary to combat free radicals using antioxidants derived from natural sources.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 isolated from mangrove sediment soil collected from Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods:
The antioxidant potential of pyrrolo [1, 2-A] pyrazine-1, 4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) (diketopiperazine) extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 was studied using reducing power assay. The scavenging of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and nitric oxide (NO) radical by the compound was also studied. The cytotoxic activity of the compound on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was studied using MTT cell viability assay.
Results:
The compound exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (72.48±0.32% at 500 µg/mL) and NO radical scavenging activity (73.03±1.02% at 500 µg/mL). MTT cell viability assay revealed that the compound exhibited concentration-dependent cell viability and was observed to be 92% at 125 µg/mL concentration.
Conclusion:
The antioxidant activity of the diketopiperazine compound extracted from Streptomyces sp. VITMK1 can be probed further to establish its radical scavenging activity.
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Luo D, Wu G, Yang H, Liu M, Gao W, Huang X, Chen J, Wu H. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction for Regioselective Aryl- and Heteroarylselenation of Indoles using Selenium Powder. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4485-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Luo
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Wu
- School
of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry
and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Sanchez D, Houde M, Douville M, De Silva AO, Spencer C, Verreault J. Transcriptional and cellular responses of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:31-38. [PMID: 25621396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids (PFPAs), a new class of perfluoroalkyl substances used primarily in the industrial sector as surfactants, were recently detected in surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluents. Toxicological effects of PFPAs have as yet not been investigated in aquatic organisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of perfluorooctylphosphonic acid (C8-PFPA) and perfluorodecylphosphonic acid (C10-PFPA) exposure (31-250μg/L) on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using genomic (qRT-PCR), biochemical (reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and lipid peroxidation), and physiological (cellular viability) indicators. After 72h of exposure, no differences were observed in cellular viability for any of the two perfluorochemicals. However, increase in ROS concentrations (36% and 25.6% at 125 and 250μg/L, respectively) and lipid peroxidation (35.5% and 35.7% at 125 and 250μg/L, respectively) was observed following exposure to C10-PFPA. C8-PFPA exposure did not impact ROS production and lipid peroxidation in algae. To get insights into the molecular response and modes of action of PFPA toxicity, qRT-PCR-based assays were performed to analyze the transcription of genes related to antioxidant responses including superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX I). Genomic analyses revealed that the transcription of CAT and APX I was up-regulated for all the C10-PFPA concentrations. In addition, PFPAs were quantified in St. Lawrence River surface water samples and detected at concentrations ranging from 250 to 850pg/L for C8-PFPA and 380 to 650pg/L for C10-PFPA. This study supports the prevalence of PFPAs in the aquatic environment and suggests potential impacts of PFPA exposure on the antioxidant defensive system in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Magali Houde
- Environment Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Québec, Canada H2Y 2E7.
| | - Mélanie Douville
- Environment Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, Québec, Canada H2Y 2E7
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Christine Spencer
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7S 1A1
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
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22
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Hassan W, Silva CEB, Mohammadzai IU, da Rocha JBT, Landeira-Fernandez J. Association of oxidative stress to the genesis of anxiety: implications for possible therapeutic interventions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:120-39. [PMID: 24669207 PMCID: PMC3964744 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120232135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive species, including reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and unbound, adventitious metal ions (e.g., iron [Fe] and copper [Cu]), is an underlying cause of various neurodegenerative diseases. These reactive species are an inevitable by-product of cellular respiration or other metabolic processes that may cause the oxidation of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Oxidative stress has recently been implicated in depression and anxiety-related disorders. Furthermore, the manifestation of anxiety in numerous psychiatric disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder, highlights the importance of studying the underlying biology of these disorders to gain a better understanding of the disease and to identify common biomarkers for these disorders. Most recently, the expression of glutathione reductase 1 and glyoxalase 1, which are genes involved in antioxidative metabolism, were reported to be correlated with anxiety-related phenotypes. This review focuses on direct and indirect evidence of the potential involvement of oxidative stress in the genesis of anxiety and discusses different opinions that exist in this field. Antioxidant therapeutic strategies are also discussed, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress in the etiology, incidence, progression, and prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Imdad Ullah Mohammadzai
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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23
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24
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McNeil NMR, Matz MC, Back TG. Fluxional Cyclic Seleninate Ester: NMR and Computational Studies, Glutathione Peroxidase-like Behavior, and Unexpected Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10369-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401757m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. R. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Marie C. Matz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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25
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Indenoindoles and cyclopentacarbazoles as bioactive compounds: synthesis and biological applications. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:465-79. [PMID: 24090918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Indenoindoles and their isomers cyclopentacarbazoles represent a wide class of synthetic and natural compounds. The great interest of these structures in (bio)organic chemistry is due to the use of various building blocks to get the elemental four ring structure. Depending on the synthetic route chosen, the chemists can achieve a large number of regioisomers. Each regioisomer can be considered as a template for specific functionalizations. Therefore, this mini-review aims (i) to present an overview on how to access this large family of heterocyclic compounds and (ii) to discuss their various biological applications and drug development in oncology (e.g. kinases), in CNS disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), in endocrinology (e.g. hormone replacement therapy) and oxidative stress (e.g. organ preservation). Past and present works will be presented through the systems 6-5-5-6 and 6-5-6-5 (combination of 6-membered and 5-membered rings).
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26
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Gust M, Fortier M, Garric J, Fournier M, Gagné F. Immunotoxicity of surface waters contaminated by municipal effluents to the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:393-403. [PMID: 23021492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of surface waters contaminated by a municipal effluent dispersion plume were examined in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed to surface waters where changes in hemocyte counts, viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced thiols and phagocytic activity were tracked following exposure periods of 3h and 3 and 7d. Changes in mRNA expression of some genes in the hemocytes were also assessed after 7d of exposure, as follows: genes coding for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF), and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). At the sites closest to the discharge point, exposure led to impaired hemocyte viability and intracellular thiol levels and also an increase of hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis and ROS levels in hemocytes were correlated with heterotrophic bacterial counts in snails. We found four genes with increased mRNA expression as a response to exposure of municipal wastewaters: TLR4 (6-fold), HSP70 (2-fold), SeGPx (4-fold) and CAT (2-fold). Immunocompetence responses were analyzed by canonical analysis to seek out relationships with mRNA expression of the genes involved in stress, pattern recognition, cellular and humoral responses. The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress were strongly involved with immunocompetence and that the resulting immune responses were influenced both by the bacterial and pollutant loadings of the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Lyon, France.
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27
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Gust M, Gélinas M, Fortier M, Fournier M, Gagné F. In vitro immunotoxicity of environmentally representative antibiotics to the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:50-58. [PMID: 22683480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The separate and combined in vitro toxic effects of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazole and trimethoprim) commonly found in urban wastewater effluents were assessed on the immune parameters of Elliptio complanata at environmentally relevant concentrations. The observed responses were then compared to those produced by the physicochemical-treated wastewater effluent of a major city before and after the removal of microorganisms. Most of the selected antibiotics, separately and as mixture, induced changes in immune responses. The removal of microorganisms and fine particles from the effluent increased or decreased the resulting immunotoxic effects, depending of the observed parameter. The immunotoxic effects of erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were closely associated to the antibiotic mixture and the filtered effluent. In conclusion, the data revealed that the removal of fine particles and microorganisms from municipal effluents can alter the toxic nature of the effluent that is closely associated with the cumulative effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Environment Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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28
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Bułdak RJ, Polaniak R, Bułdak L, Zwirska-Korczala K, Skonieczna M, Monsiol A, Kukla M, Duława-Bułdak A, Birkner E. Short-term exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF alters the cisplatin-induced oxidative response in AT478 murine squamous cell carcinoma cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 33:641-51. [PMID: 22535669 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cisplatin and an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on antioxidant enzyme activity and the lipid peroxidation ratio, as well as the level of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AT478 carcinoma cells. Cells were cultured for 24 and 72 h in culture medium with cisplatin. Additionally, the cells were irradiated with 50 Hz/1 mT ELF-EMF for 16 min using a solenoid as a source of the ELF-EMF. The amount of ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, DNA damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed. Cells that were exposed to cisplatin exhibited a significant increase in ROS and antioxidant enzyme activity. The addition of ELF-EMF exposure to cisplatin treatment resulted in decreased ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. A significant reduction in MDA concentrations was observed in all of the study groups, with the greatest decrease associated with treatment by both cisplatin and ELF-EMF. Cisplatin induced the most severe DNA damage; however, when cells were also irradiated with ELF-EMF, less DNA damage occurred. Exposure to ELF-EMF alone resulted in an increase in DNA damage compared to control cells. ELF-EMF lessened the effects of oxidative stress and DNA damage that were induced by cisplatin; however, ELF-EMF alone was a mild oxidative stressor and DNA damage inducer. We speculate that ELF-EMF exerts differential effects depending on the exogenous conditions. This information may be of value for appraising the pathophysiologic consequences of exposure to ELF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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29
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Toxicology and pharmacology of selenium: emphasis on synthetic organoselenium compounds. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1313-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Petit AN, Debenest T, Eullaffroy P, Gagné F. Effects of a cationic PAMAM dendrimer on photosynthesis and ROS production of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:315-26. [PMID: 21554014 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.579628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers hold great promises for biomedicine. This study sought to examine the toxicity of generation 4 (G4) cationic PAMAM dendrimer to the green microalga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using physiological and molecular biomarkers. Results revealed that the G4 dendrimer at 15 and 25 nM stimulated the photosynthetic process and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in algae. However, the over-production of ROS did not induce the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, genes encoding light-harvesting proteins (lhca and lhcb), a ferredoxin (fdx) and an oxygen-evolving enhancer protein (psb) involved in photosynthesis were repressed after treatment. Nevertheless, the expression of the lhcbm9 gene, encoding a major light harvesting polypeptide, was increased. These results suggest that the strong modulation of photosynthesis induced by the dendrimer could lead to elevated ROS levels in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Noëlle Petit
- Environment Canada, Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Division, 105 McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Gursoy N, Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B, Halil Solak M. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of 3 edible mushrooms: Ramaria flava (Schaef.: Fr.) Quél., Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) T.M. Fries., and Russula delica Fr. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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32
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Back TG. Design and synthesis of some biologically interesting natural and unnatural products based on organosulfur and selenium chemistry. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur and selenium chemistry has provided fertile ground for the discovery of novel synthetic methodology and for the design of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic applications. Thus, acetylenic sulfones have been employed in novel strategies for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, including several biologically active alkaloids. The conjugate addition of nitrogen nucleophiles containing ester or chloroalkyl substituents to acetylenic sulfones was followed by base-mediated intramolecular alkylation or acylation to afford variously substituted piperidines, pyrrolizidines, indolizidines, quinolizidines, decahydroquinolines, and 4-quinolones. The products include the dendrobatid alkaloids (–)-pumiliotoxin C, indolizidines (–)-167B, 207A, 209B, and 209D, as well as (–)-(ent)-julifloridine, (–)-lasubine II, myrtine, and two recently discovered alkaloids from the medicinal plant Ruta chalepensis , which had not been previously synthesized. Acetylenic sulfones were also incorporated on solid supports and employed in the types of cyclizations mentioned above, as well as for Diels–Alder reactions and a large variety of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Conjugate additions of tertiary cyclic α-vinyl amines to acetylenic sulfones generated zwitterions that underwent exceptionally facile formal aza-Cope rearrangements to afford ring-expanded macrocyclic amines. An iterative version was developed and used in the synthesis of motuporamine A and B. With respect to organoselenium chemistry, two classes of compounds are described that function as novel mimetics of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which protects cells from oxidative stress caused by the formation of peroxides during aerobic metabolism. They include cyclic seleninates and spirodioxyselenuranes, both of which efficiently catalyze the reduction of peroxides with thiols and are of potential value in the mitigation of oxidative stress. Their aromatic derivatives are generally less effective catalysts, but substituent effects can be used to modulate their activities. The mechanism of their catalytic cycles has been elucidated and Hammett plots indicate that the oxidation of Se(II) to Se(IV) is the rate-determining step for both classes. A methoxy-substituted aromatic spirodioxyselenurane provided the fastest rate for a small-molecule selenium compound that we have observed to date for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with benzyl thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada (e-mail: )
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33
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Suzuki Y, Ohta Y, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H. Efficient Synthesis of Aminomethylated Pyrroloindoles and Dipyrrolopyridines via Controlled Copper-Catalyzed Domino Multicomponent Coupling and Bis-cyclization. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4246-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900681p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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34
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Gil C, Bräse S. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biologically Active Benzoannelated Nitrogen Heterocycles: An Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:175-97. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800102t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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The effect of angiotensin II and IV on ERK1/2 and CREB signalling in cultured rat astroglial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:157-63. [PMID: 17952409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin peptides produced by the brain renin-angiotensin system have established roles in cognition, but there is no mechanistic basis of angiotensin effects on memory. Astroglial cells present throughout the whole brain, synthesize all the components of the renin-angiotensin system and express angiotensin receptors; therefore our aim was to assess changes in intracellular signalling pathways related to memory formation, particularly the activation of CREB and ERK1/2 in astroglial cells grown in the presence of angiotensin peptides. Cultured rat astroglial cells were treated for 24 h with 10 microM angiotensin II and/or 10 microM angiotensin IV in the presence or absence of 100 microM losartan (AT1-receptor antagonist) or 100 microM PD123319 (AT2-receptor antagonist). Both angiotensin peptides alone were without effect on culture protein levels and cell viability and did not induce oxidative stress, but both peptides together slightly elevated cell growth rates and increased damaged, apoptotic cell numbers. This effect was most probably mediated by the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II but not angiotensin IV increased intracellular calcium via activation of AT1 receptor. Angiotensin IV but not angiotensin II increased extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) by 65% and T202, T204 phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels by 36%; this effect was blocked in part by both losartan and PD123319. Angiotensin II but not angiotensin IV increased cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) expression by almost 100% and elevated Ser 133-phosphorylated CREB levels by 56%. These effects were also inhibited in part by both losartan and PD123319. Our results indicate that CREB activation in cultured rat glial cells is mediated mostly by angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV appears to affect the ERK1/2 pathway.
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36
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Seixas de Melo J, Rodrigues LM, Serpa C, Arnaut LG, Ferreira ICFR, Queiroz MJRP. Photochemistry and Photophysics of Thienocarbazoles¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770121papot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Ferreira IC, Baptista P, Vilas-Boas M, Barros L. Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Back TG, Kuzma D, Parvez M. Aromatic Derivatives and Tellurium Analogues of Cyclic Seleninate Esters and Spirodioxyselenuranes That Act as Glutathione Peroxidase Mimetics. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9230-6. [PMID: 16268595 DOI: 10.1021/jo0512711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. Several novel organoselenium and tellurium compounds were prepared and evaluated as mimetics of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing harmful peroxides with the thiol glutathione. The compounds were tested for catalytic activity in a model system wherein tert-butyl hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide were reduced with benzyl thiol and the rate of the reaction was measured by monitoring the formation of dibenzyl disulfide. Thus, aromatic derivatives 19, 22, 24, and 25 proved to be inferior catalysts compared to the parent cyclic seleninate ester 14 and spirodioxyselenurane 16. In the case of 19 and 22, this was the result of their rapid conversion to the relatively inert selenenyl sulfides 31 and 32, respectively. In general, hydrogen peroxide was reduced faster than tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of the selenium-based catalysts. The cyclic tellurinate ester 27 and spirodioxytellurane 29 proved to be superior catalysts to their selenium analogues 14 and 16, respectively, resulting in the fastest reaction rates by far of all of the compounds we have investigated to date. Oxidation of 29 with hydrogen peroxide produced the unusual and unexpected peroxide 33, in which two hypervalent octahedral tellurium moieties are joined by ether and peroxide bridges. The structure of 33 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Although 33 displayed strong catalytic activity when tested independently in the model system, its relatively slow formation from the oxidation of 29 rules out its intermediacy in the catalytic cycle of 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4.
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Abbiati G, Canevari V, Rossi E, Ruggeri A. Facile and Inexpensive Entry to Indeno[2,1‐b]indol‐6‐one Nucleus. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-200063981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zachwieja J, Zaniew M, Bobkowski W, Stefaniak E, Warzywoda A, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A, Lewandowska-Stachowiak M, Siwińska A. Beneficial in vitro effect of N-acetyl-cysteine on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20:725-31. [PMID: 15809833 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-004-1806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is usually accompanied by abnormalities of both humoral and cellular immune response. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis rate of T lymphocytes in children with CRF. Twenty-two children (aged 4-16, mean 7.4) with CRF treated with dialysis were enrolled in the study. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was quantified by mean rhodamine 123 (RHO) fluorescence intensity with flow cytometry. Annexin V FITC was used for identifying apoptotic cells. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), which reflected intracellular oxidative stress in T lymphocytes, was increased in patients with CRF compared with the controls (CD3+: 31.58+/-11.58 vs 22.55+/-4.97, p = 0.043; CD3+CD4+: 32.50+/-8.59 vs 27.75+/-12.76, NS; CD3+CD8+: 32.10+/-11.85 vs 20.77+/- 4.89, p =0.012). Apoptotic T lymphocytes occurred more frequently in patients with CRF treated with hemodialysis (HD) (11.36+/-6.96%) than in the controls (6.14%+/-3.36%; p = 0.025). After 24 h incubation with NAC MFI and apoptosis rate decreased significantly in all subpopulations of lymphocytes. NAC, as a strong antioxidant, has a favorable effect on intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis rate of T lymphocytes in patients with CRF. A decreased apoptosis rate may have positive effect on functional abnormalities of T cells already found in patients with CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zachwieja
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland,
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Wolf FI, Torsello A, Tedesco B, Fasanella S, Boninsegna A, D'Ascenzo M, Grassi C, Azzena GB, Cittadini A. 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance cell proliferation and DNA damage: possible involvement of a redox mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1743:120-9. [PMID: 15777847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HL-60 leukemia cells, Rat-1 fibroblasts and WI-38 diploid fibroblasts were exposed for 24-72 h to 0.5-1.0-mT 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). This treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in the proliferation rate of all cell types, namely about 30% increase of cell proliferation after 72-h exposure to 1.0 mT. This was accompanied by increased percentage of cells in the S-phase after 12- and 48-h exposure. The ability of ELF-EMF to induce DNA damage was also investigated by measuring DNA strand breaks. A dose-dependent increase in DNA damage was observed in all cell lines, with two peaks occurring at 24 and 72 h. A similar pattern of DNA damage was observed by measuring formation of 8-OHdG adducts. The effects of ELF-EMF on cell proliferation and DNA damage were prevented by pretreatment of cells with an antioxidant like alpha-tocopherol, suggesting that redox reactions were involved. Accordingly, Rat-1 fibroblasts that had been exposed to ELF-EMF for 3 or 24 h exhibited a significant increase in dichlorofluorescein-detectable reactive oxygen species, which was blunted by alpha-tocopherol pretreatment. Cells exposed to ELF-EMF and examined as early as 6 h after treatment initiation also exhibited modifications of NF kappa B-related proteins (p65-p50 and I kappa B alpha), which were suggestive of increased formation of p65-p50 or p65-p65 active forms, a process usually attributed to redox reactions. These results suggest that ELF-EMF influence proliferation and DNA damage in both normal and tumor cells through the action of free radical species. This information may be of value for appraising the pathophysiologic consequences of an exposure to ELF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica I Wolf
- Institute of General Pathology and Giovanni XXIII Cancer Research Center, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy.
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Kálai T, Mugesh G, Roy G, Sies H, Berente Z, Hideg K. Combining benzo[d]isoselenazol-3-ones with sterically hindered alicyclic amines and nitroxides: enhanced activity as glutathione peroxidase mimics. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3564-9. [PMID: 16172695 DOI: 10.1039/b509865c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[d]isoselenazol-3-ones N-substituted with sterically hindered diamagnetic and paramagnetic five- or six-membered nitroxides or their precursors, including ring-opened diselenides, exhibit synergism in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, P. O. Box 99, H-7602, Pécs, Hungary
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Kreis M, Nising CF, Schroen M, Knepper K, Bräse S. Efficient solid phase synthesis of benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazoles and related structures. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1835-7. [PMID: 15889164 DOI: 10.1039/b504900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first solid-phase synthesis of benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazoles was achieved by starting from resin bound ortho bromo or iodo triazenes and using a functionalization on cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kreis
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Nogueira CW, Zeni G, Rocha JBT. Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds: Toxicology and Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2004; 104:6255-85. [PMID: 15584701 DOI: 10.1021/cr0406559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1421] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliacão Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Arbogast S, Reid MB. Oxidant activity in skeletal muscle fibers is influenced by temperature, CO2 level, and muscle-derived nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R698-705. [PMID: 15178539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are produced continuously by skeletal muscle fibers. Extracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) derivatives has been demonstrated, but little is known about intracellular oxidant regulation. We used a fluorescent oxidant probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH), to assess net oxidant activity in passive muscle fiber bundles isolated from mouse diaphragm and studied in vitro. We tested the following three hypotheses. 1) Net oxidant activity is decreased by muscle cooling. 2) CO(2) exposure depresses intracellular oxidant activity. 3) Muscle-derived ROS and NO both contribute to overall oxidant activity. Our results indicate that DCFH oxidation was diminished by cooling muscle fibers from 37 degrees C to 23 degrees C (P < 0.001). The rate of DCFH oxidation correlated positively with CO(2) exposure (0-10%; P < 0.05) and negatively with concurrent changes in pH (7.0-8.5; P < 0.05). Separate exposures to anti-ROS enzymes (superoxide dismutase, 1 kU/ml; catalase, 1 kU/ml), a glutathione peroxidase mimetic (ebselen, 30 microM), NO synthase inhibitors (N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 1 mM; N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine, 1 mM), or an NO scavenger (hemoglobin, 1 microM) each inhibited DCFH oxidation (P < 0.05). Oxidation was increased by hydrogen peroxide, 100 microM, an NO donor (NOC-22, 400 microM), or the substrate for NO synthase (l-arginine, 5 mM). We conclude that net oxidant activity in resting muscle fibers is 1) decreased at subphysiological temperatures, 2) increased by CO(2) exposure, and 3) influenced by muscle-derived ROS and NO derivatives to similar degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Arbogast
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Rm. MS-509; Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
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Hirata K, Yoshitomi S, Dwi S, Iwabe O, Mahakant A, Polchai J, Miyamoto K. Generation of reactive oxygen species undergoing redox cycle of nostocine A: a cytotoxic violet pigment produced by freshwater cyanobacterium Nostoc spongiaeforme. J Biotechnol 2004; 110:29-35. [PMID: 15099903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2003] [Revised: 11/13/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nostocine A (1) is an extracellular cytotoxic violet pigment produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme TISTR 8169. Treatment with 1 was found to accelerate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in the light. In vitro analysis revealed that 1 specifically eliminated superoxide radical anion (O(2)(-)) among several ROS tested. During the course of the reaction, oxygen (O(2)) was simultaneously synthesized and the O(2) synthesizing rate increased with the amount of 1 added. In contrast, O(2)(-) generation occurred when NADPH or NADH was added to a solution of 1 under aerobic condition. The reduction potential of 1 is very similar to that of O(2) indicating that 1 and O(2) can easily exchange electrons depending on the mass balance between their oxidized and reduced forms. Based on these results, the following hypothesis is formulated for the mechanism of intracellular ROS generation by treatment with 1: 1 taken into the target cells is reduced specifically by intracellular reductants such as NAD(P)H. When the O(2) level is sufficiently higher than that of 1, the reduced product of 1 is immediately oxidized by O(2). This is accompanied by the synthesis of O(2)(-) from O(2). The generation of O(2)(-) successively occurs, undergoing repeated redox cycles of 1, when the levels of the reductant and O(2) are still dominant to promote these reactions. This similar intracellular ROS generation mechanism to that of paraquat may cause the cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Hirata
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Chen RF, Chou CL, Wang MR, Chen CF, Liao JF, Ho LK, Tao CW, Huang HS. Small-Molecule Anthracene-Induced Cytotoxicity and Induction of Apoptosis through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:838-45. [PMID: 15187430 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of anthracene derivatives have been synthesized, and their potential individual cytotoxicity was evaluated using Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. These compounds, except for 2l, showed less cytotoxicity in PBMCs than mitoxantrone. We also analyzed the antiproliferative activity of these derivatives using the annexin V/propidium iodide assay. These synthetic compounds induced apoptosis, thus leading to antitumor effects. Compounds 2b, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j, and mitoxantrone produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, while the antiproliferative activity of the anthracene pharmacophore was retained in Jurkat T cells base on the detection of DNA degradation and membrane unpacking. These clearly indicate a correlation between cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Unlike mitoxantrone, cytotoxic properties were observed, as documented by the reactivity of these novel compounds against Jurkat T cells and PBMCs as normal cells, respectively. Various concentrations of 2b, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, and 2j preparations also inhibited Jurkat T cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of Jurkat T cells, potentially confirmed through the detection of DNA degradation and membrane unpacking. In the present report we also investigated the antiinflammatory activity against phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induced superoxide anion production, a marker for an inflammatory mediator produced by neutrophils, with IC(50) (microM) values of 2b, 2h, 2l, and 2o of 4.28+/-0.89, 3.31+/-0.88, 4.38+/-0.25, and 5.45+/-1.78, respectively. These results suggest that, in addition to the specific chromosomal aberrations and cell death, elevated apoptosis could also be a marker for exposure to anthracene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan
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Luo J, Li N, Paul Robinson J, Shi R. Detection of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Methods 2002; 120:105-12. [PMID: 12351211 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in injured nervous tissue is critical for both studying the mechanism of secondary damage and evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants. Flow cytometry is an excellent method to detect ROS in cultured cells and naturally suspended individual cells. However, its use in nervous tissue is limited due to the difficulties in obtaining single cells in suspension. We have developed a new method which minimizes the error during conventional dissociation. Specifically, we introduced a fixation step (with formaldehyde) between the dye loading and dissociation. As a result, the post-injury ROS signals detected by flow cytometry increase significantly when using hydroethidine as superoxide indicator. The injury-induced elevation of ROS obtained from this new method was also in better agreement with the two other standard ROS detection methods, fluorescence microscopy and lipid peroxidation assay. Furthermore, more pronounced decrease of ROS was found in this improved method in response to treatment with a superoxide scavenger, manganese(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin. Based on these observations, we suggest that the data obtained from the cells by this new method are more accurate than those from the classic cell dissociation method that dissociates cells directly from fresh tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Paralysis Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ferreira IC, Queiroz MJR, Kirsch G. Novel synthetic routes to thienocarbazoles via palladium or copper catalyzed amination or amidation of arylhalides and intramolecular cyclization. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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