1
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Waters CD, Carlyle E, Smart V, Rege A, Bieberich CJ, Seley-Radtke KL. Proximal fleximer analogues of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methyl purine nucleos(t)ides: Synthesis and preliminary pharmacokinetic and antiviral evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117898. [PMID: 39216384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, proximal fleximer nucleos(t)ide analogues of Bemnifosbuvir were synthesized and evaluated for their potential to serve as antiviral therapeutics. The final parent flex-nucleoside and ProTide modified flex-nucleoside analogues were tested against several viral families including flaviviruses, filoviruses, and coronaviruses. Modest activity against Zaire Ebola virus was observed at 30 μM for compound ProTide modified analogue. Neither compound exhibited activity for any of the other viruses tested. The parent flex-nucleoside analogue was screened for toxicity in CD-1 mice and showed no adverse effects up to 300 mg/kg, the maximum concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Waters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan Carlyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Viviana Smart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Apurv Rege
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Abstract
Fluorinated carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences. Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates, here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars, and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- Department
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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3
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Guenther DC, Mori S, Matsuda S, Gilbert JA, Willoughby JLS, Hyde S, Bisbe A, Jiang Y, Agarwal S, Madaoui M, Janas MM, Charisse K, Maier MA, Egli M, Manoharan M. Role of a "Magic" Methyl: 2'-Deoxy-2'-α-F-2'-β- C-methyl Pyrimidine Nucleotides Modulate RNA Interference Activity through Synergy with 5'-Phosphate Mimics and Mitigation of Off-Target Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14517-14534. [PMID: 35921401 PMCID: PMC9389587 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Although 2′-deoxy-2′-α-F-2′-β-C-methyl (2′-F/Me) uridine nucleoside derivatives
are a successful class of antiviral drugs, this modification had not
been studied in oligonucleotides. Herein, we demonstrate the facile
synthesis of 2′-F/Me-modified pyrimidine phosphoramidites and
their subsequent incorporation into oligonucleotides. Despite the
C3′-endo preorganization of the parent nucleoside,
a single incorporation into RNA or DNA resulted in significant thermal
destabilization of a duplex due to unfavorable enthalpy, likely resulting
from steric effects. When located at the terminus of an oligonucleotide,
the 2′-F/Me modification imparted more resistance to degradation
than the corresponding 2′-fluoro nucleotides. Small interfering
RNAs (siRNAs) modified at certain positions with 2′-F/Me had
similar or better silencing activity than the parent siRNAs when delivered
via a lipid nanoparticle formulation or as a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine conjugate in cells and in mice. Modification
in the seed region of the antisense strand at position 6 or 7 resulted
in an activity equivalent to the parent in mice. Additionally, placement
of the antisense strand at position 7 mitigated seed-based off-target
effects in cell-based assays. When the 2′-F/Me modification
was combined with 5′-vinyl phosphonate, both E and Z isomers had silencing activity comparable
to the parent. In combination with other 2′-modifications such
as 2′-O-methyl, the Z isomer
is detrimental to silencing activity. Presumably, the equivalence
of 5′-vinyl phosphonate isomers in the context of 2′-F/Me
is driven by the steric and conformational features of the C-methyl-containing sugar ring. These data indicate that
2′-F/Me nucleotides are promising tools for nucleic acid-based
therapeutic applications to increase potency, duration, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale C Guenther
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shohei Mori
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shigeo Matsuda
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason A Gilbert
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Sarah Hyde
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anna Bisbe
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yongfeng Jiang
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Saket Agarwal
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mimouna Madaoui
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Maja M Janas
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Klaus Charisse
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Martin A Maier
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Muthiah Manoharan
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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4
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Keglevich G, Harsági N, Kiss NZ. P-Chloride-Free Synthesis of Phosphoric Esters: Microwave-Assisted Esterification of Alkyl- and Dialkyl Phosphoric Ester-Acids Obtained from Phosphorus Pentoxide. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1811-8586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is a reasonable endeavour to replace P-chloride starting materials (e.g., POCl3) with greener and cheaper reagents. Our purpose was to start from phosphorus pentoxide, i.e. to utilize its reaction with alcohols in the preparation of (HO)2P(O)(OR) and HOP(O)(OR)2, and to convert the mixtures of the corresponding monoester and diester, so obtained, into the target trialkyl esters. Separate experiments showed that the monobutylphosphate undergo microwave (MW)-assisted esterification with butanol in the presence of [bmim][BF4] catalyst at 200 °C to afford dibutylphosphate in a selective manner (ca. 95%) that, in turn, may be converted into tributylphosphate by alkylation under MW irradiation. In this way, the mixtures of (HO)2P(O)(OR) and HOP(O)(OR)2 obtained by the practical reaction of phosphorus pentoxide and alcohol (ROH) could also be converted in two additional steps into the corresponding trialkyl esters. The three-step synthesis of trialkylphosphates starting from phosphorus pentoxide was also transformed in a one-pot (step 1: preparation of the monoester diester mixture, step 2: diesterification) and telescoping (step 3: triesterification) variation, avoiding the isolation and purification of the intermediates, and affording the triesters in 86–93% yields. The three- and two-step P-chloride-free methods developed are ‘green’ and of more general value.
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5
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Zhou L, Zhang H, Li C, De Schutter C, Sari O, Mengshetti S, Zhou S, Kasthuri M, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF, Amblard F. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2'-Dihalopyrimidine Ribonucleoside Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1452-1461. [PMID: 35036807 PMCID: PMC8756791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly developed synthetic route to 2-bromo-2-fluoro ribolactone based on our published 2-chloro-2-fluoro ribolactone synthesis. Stereoselective fluorination is key to controlling the 2-diastereoselectivity. We also report a substantially improved glycosylation reaction with both the 2-bromo-2-fluoro and 2-chloro-2-fluoro sugars. These improvements allowed us to prepare 2'-dihalo nucleosides 13 and 14 in an overall 15-20% yield.
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6
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A Cyclic Phosphoramidate Prodrug of 2'-Deoxy-2'-Fluoro-2'- C-Methylguanosine for the Treatment of Dengue Virus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00654-20. [PMID: 32958712 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00654-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monophosphate prodrug analogs of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylguanosine have been reported as potent inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These prodrugs also display potent anti-dengue virus activities in cellular assays although their prodrug moieties were designed to produce high levels of triphosphate in the liver. Since peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are among the major targets of dengue virus, different prodrug moieties were designed to effectively deliver 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylguanosine monophosphate prodrugs and their corresponding triphosphates into PBMCs after oral administration. We identified a cyclic phosphoramidate, prodrug 17, demonstrating well-balanced anti-dengue virus cellular activity and in vitro stability profiles. We further determined the PBMC concentration of active triphosphate needed to inhibit virus replication by 50% (TP50). Compound 17 was assessed in an AG129 mouse model and demonstrated 1.6- and 2.2-log viremia reductions at 100 and 300 mg/kg twice a day (BID), respectively. At 100 mg/kg BID, the terminal triphosphate concentration in PBMCs exceeded the TP50 value, demonstrating TP50 as the target exposure for efficacy. In dogs, oral administration of compound 17 resulted in high PBMC triphosphate levels, exceeding the TP50 at 10 mg/kg. Unfortunately, 2-week dog toxicity studies at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day showed that "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) could not be achieved due to pulmonary inflammation and hemorrhage. The preclinical safety results suspended further development of compound 17. Nevertheless, present work has proven the concept that an efficacious monophosphate nucleoside prodrug could be developed for the potential treatment of dengue virus infection.
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7
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Novel Nucleoside Analogues as Effective Antiviral Agents for Zika Virus Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204813. [PMID: 33092055 PMCID: PMC7594033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a neglected flavivirus, Zika virus has recently emerged as a public health concern due to its ability to spread rapidly and cause severe neurological disorders, such as microcephaly in newborn babies from infected mothers, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Despite extensive efforts towards the identification of effective therapies, specific antivirals are still not available. As part of ongoing medicinal chemistry studies to identify new antiviral agents, we screened against Zika virus replication in vitro in a targeted internal library of small-molecule agents, comprising both nucleoside and non-nucleoside agents. Among the compounds evaluated, novel aryloxyphosphoramidate prodrugs of the nucleosides 2′-C-methyl-adenosine, 2-CMA, and 7-deaza-2′C-methyl-adenosine, 7-DMA, were found to significantly inhibit the virus-induced cytopathic effect in multiple relevant cell lines. In addition, one of these prodrugs exhibits a synergistic antiviral effect against Zika virus when applied in combination with an indirect antiviral agent, a l-dideoxy bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, which potently inhibits vaccinia and measles viruses in vitro by targeting a host pathway. Our findings provide a solid basis for further development of an antiviral therapy for Zika virus infections, possibly exploiting a dual approach combining two different agents, one targeting the viral polymerase (direct-acting antiviral), the second targeting a host-directed autophagy mechanism.
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8
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Wang G, Dyatkina N, Prhavc M, Williams C, Serebryany V, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wu X, Chen T, Huang W, Rajwanshi VK, Deval J, Fung A, Jin Z, Stoycheva A, Shaw K, Gupta K, Tam Y, Jekle A, Smith DB, Beigelman L. Synthesis and Anti-HCV Activity of Sugar-Modified Guanosine Analogues: Discovery of AL-611 as an HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10380-10395. [PMID: 32816483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. The current standard of care for CHC can achieve cure rates above 95%; however, the drugs in current use are administered for a period of 8-16 weeks. A combination of safe and effective drugs with a shorter treatment period is highly desirable. We report synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2',3'- and 2',4'-substituted guanosine nucleotide analogues. Their triphosphates exhibited potent inhibition of the HCV NS5B polymerase with IC50 as low as 0.13 μM. In the HCV replicon assay, the phosphoramidate prodrugs of these analogues demonstrated excellent activity with EC50 values as low as 5 nM. A lead compound AL-611 showed high levels of the nucleoside 5'-triphosphate in vitro in primary human hepatocytes and in vivo in dog liver following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Wang
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Natalia Dyatkina
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marija Prhavc
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Caroline Williams
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vladimir Serebryany
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yujian Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Tongqian Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Huang
- Pharmaron Beijing, Co. Ltd., No. 6, TaiHe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Vivek K Rajwanshi
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jerome Deval
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amy Fung
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhinan Jin
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kenneth Shaw
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kusum Gupta
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuen Tam
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Jekle
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David B Smith
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Janssen BioPharma, Inc., 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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9
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Zhong YL, Cleator E, Liu Z, Yin J, Morris WJ, Alam M, Bishop B, Dumas AM, Edwards J, Goodyear A, Mullens P, Song ZJ, Shevlin M, Thaisrivongs DA, Li H, Sherer EC, Cohen RD, Yin J, Tan L, Yasuda N, Limanto J, Davies A, Campos KR. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of a HCV NS5B Nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4780-4795. [PMID: 30475616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of HCV NS5B nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (1) is described. This novel route features several remarkably diastereoselective and high-yielding transformations, including construction of the all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center at C-2 via a thermodynamic aldol reaction. A subsequent glycosylation reaction with activated uracil via C-1 phosphate and installation of the cyclic phosphate group using an achiral phosphorus(III) reagent followed by oxidation provides 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Zhong
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Ed Cleator
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Jianguo Yin
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - William J Morris
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Mahbub Alam
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Brian Bishop
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Aaron M Dumas
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - John Edwards
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Adrian Goodyear
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Peter Mullens
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Zhiguo Jake Song
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - David A Thaisrivongs
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Hongming Li
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Ryan D Cohen
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Jingjun Yin
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Nobuyoshi Yasuda
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - John Limanto
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Antony Davies
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Kevin R Campos
- Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
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10
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Slusarczyk M, Ferrari V, Serpi M, Gönczy B, Balzarini J, McGuigan C. Symmetrical Diamidates as a Class of Phosphate Prodrugs to Deliver the 5′‐Monophosphate Forms of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2305-2316. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Slusarczyk
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Blanka Gönczy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyRega Institute for Medical Research Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
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11
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Conformationally restricted goniofufurone mimics with halogen, azido or benzoyloxy groups at the C-7 position: Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Cini E, Barreca G, Carcone L, Manetti F, Rasparini M, Taddei M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Sofosbuvir through Nucleoside Phosphorylation Controlled by Kinetic Resolution. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | | | - Luca Carcone
- Chemessentia srl; Via Bovio 2 28100 Novara Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Siena; Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
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13
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Lv B, Guo S, Zhu F, Hu T, Guo Q, Lin H, Xie Y, Shen J. Facile synthesis of 2-C-methyl-d-arabino-γ-1,4-lactones and mechanism study. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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McLaughlin M, Kong J, Belyk KM, Chen B, Gibson AW, Keen SP, Lieberman DR, Milczek EM, Moore JC, Murray D, Peng F, Qi J, Reamer RA, Song ZJ, Tan L, Wang L, Williams MJ. Enantioselective Synthesis of 4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) via Enzymatic Desymmetrization. Org Lett 2017; 19:926-929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark McLaughlin
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Belyk
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Billy Chen
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew W. Gibson
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen P. Keen
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David R. Lieberman
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erika M. Milczek
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - David Murray
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ji Qi
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert A. Reamer
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiguo J. Song
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael J. Williams
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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15
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Jonckers THM, Tahri A, Vijgen L, Berke JM, Lachau-Durand S, Stoops B, Snoeys J, Leclercq L, Tambuyzer L, Lin TI, Simmen K, Raboisson P. Discovery of 1-((2R,4aR,6R,7R,7aR)-2-Isopropoxy-2-oxidodihydro-4H,6H-spiro[furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinine-7,2'-oxetan]-6-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (JNJ-54257099), a 3'-5'-Cyclic Phosphate Ester Prodrug of 2'-Deoxy-2'-Spirooxetane Uridine Triphosphate Useful for HCV Inhibition. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5790-8. [PMID: 27181575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
JNJ-54257099 (9) is a novel cyclic phosphate ester derivative that belongs to the class of 2'-deoxy-2'-spirooxetane uridine nucleotide prodrugs which are known as inhibitors of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In the Huh-7 HCV genotype (GT) 1b replicon-containing cell line 9 is devoid of any anti-HCV activity, an observation attributable to inefficient prodrug metabolism which was found to be CYP3A4-dependent. In contrast, in vitro incubation of 9 in primary human hepatocytes as well as pharmacokinetic evaluation thereof in different preclinical species reveals the formation of substantial levels of 2'-deoxy-2'-spirooxetane uridine triphosphate (8), a potent inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase. Overall, it was found that 9 displays a superior profile compared to its phosphoramidate prodrug analogues (e.g., 4) described previously. Of particular interest is the in vivo dose dependent reduction of HCV RNA observed in HCV infected (GT1a and GT3a) human hepatocyte chimeric mice after 7 days of oral administration of 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Abdellah Tahri
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Leen Vijgen
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Martin Berke
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lachau-Durand
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lotke Tambuyzer
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tse-I Lin
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kenny Simmen
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases - Diagnostics BVBA , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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16
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Lin C, Sun C, Liu X, Zhou Y, Hussain M, Wan J, Li M, Li X, Jin R, Tu Z, Zhang J. Design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of novel 6-methyl-7-substituted-7-deaza purine nucleoside analogs as anti-influenza A agents. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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A neighboring group participation strategy: facile synthesis of 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-C-methyl-d-arabino-γ-lactone. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Pertusati F, McGuigan C. Diastereoselective synthesis of P-chirogenic phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside analogues (ProTides) via copper catalysed reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8070-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of transition metal assisted diastereoselective synthesis of phosphoramidate of nucleoside analogues is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - C. McGuigan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cardiff
- UK
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19
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Abstract
A substantial portion of metabolism involves transformation of phosphate esters, including pathways leading to nucleotides and oligonucleotides, carbohydrates, isoprenoids and steroids, and phosphorylated proteins. Because the natural substrates bear one or more negative charges, drugs that target these enzymes generally must be charged as well, but small charged molecules can have difficulty traversing the cell membrane by means other than endocytosis. The resulting dichotomy has stimulated a great deal of effort to develop effective prodrugs, compounds that carry little or no charge to enable them to transit biological membranes, but able to release the parent drug once inside the target cell. This chapter presents recent studies on advances in prodrug forms, along with representative examples of their application to marketed and developmental drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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20
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Wang S, Zhu W, Wang X, Li J, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhao YJ, Lee HC, Zhang L. Design, synthesis and SAR studies of NAD analogues as potent inhibitors towards CD38 NADase. Molecules 2014; 19:15754-67. [PMID: 25268725 PMCID: PMC6271716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), one of the most important coenzymes in the cells, is a substrate of the signaling enzyme CD38, by which NAD is converted to a second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose, which releases calcium from intracellular calcium stores. Starting with 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinosyl-β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (ara-F NAD), a series of NAD analogues were synthesized and their activities to inhibit CD38 NAD glycohydrolase (NADase) were evaluated. The adenosine-modified analogues showed potent inhibitory activities, among which 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinosyl-β-nicotinamideguanine dinucleotide (ara-F NGD) was the most effective one. The structure-activity relationship of NAD analogues was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518052, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong-Juan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518052, China.
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518052, China.
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Pradere U, Garnier-Amblard E, Coats SJ, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of nucleoside phosphate and phosphonate prodrugs. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9154-218. [PMID: 25144792 PMCID: PMC4173794 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pradere
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | | | - Franck Amblard
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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22
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Isaac K, Stemper J, Retailleau P, Betzer JF, Marinetti A. Chiral Synthetic Equivalents of 2-Cyanoethyl Tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite: Application to the Synthesis and Resolution of Chiral Phosphoric Acids. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Hernández D, Boto A. Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Azanucleoside Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Coats SJ, Garnier-Amblard EC, Amblard F, Ehteshami M, Amiralaei S, Zhang H, Zhou L, Boucle SRL, Lu X, Bondada L, Shelton JR, Li H, Liu P, Li C, Cho JH, Chavre SN, Zhou S, Mathew J, Schinazi RF. Chutes and ladders in hepatitis C nucleoside drug development. Antiviral Res 2013; 102:119-47. [PMID: 24275341 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chutes and Ladders is an exciting up-and-down-again game in which players race to be the first to the top of the board. Along the way, they will find ladders to help them advance, and chutes that will cause them to move backwards. The development of nucleoside analogs for clinical treatment of hepatitis C presents a similar scenario in which taking shortcuts may help quickly advance a program, but there is always a tremendous risk of being sent backwards as one competes for the finish line. In recent years the treatment options for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have expand due to the development of a replicon based in vitro evaluation system, allowing for the identification of multiple drugable viral targets along with a concerted and substantial drug discovery effort. Three major drug targets have reached clinical study for chronic HCV infection: the NS3/4A serine protease, the large phosphoprotein NS5A, and the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Recently, two oral HCV protease inhibitors were approved by the FDA and were the first direct acting anti-HCV agents to result from the substantial research in this area. There are currently many new chemical entities from several different target classes that are being evaluated worldwide in clinical trials for their effectiveness at achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR) (Pham et al., 2004; Radkowski et al., 2005). Clearly the goal is to develop therapies leading to a cure that are safe, widely accessible and available, and effective against all HCV genotypes (GT), and all stages of the disease. Nucleoside analogs that target the HCV NS5B polymerase that have reached human clinical trials is the focus of this review as they have demonstrated significant advantages in the clinic with broader activity against the various HCV GT and a higher barrier to the development of resistant viruses when compared to all other classes of HCV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Coats
- RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
| | | | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Maryam Ehteshami
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Sheida Amiralaei
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Hongwang Zhang
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Longhu Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Sebastien R L Boucle
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Lavanya Bondada
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jadd R Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Chengwei Li
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Satish N Chavre
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Shaoman Zhou
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Judy Mathew
- RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
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25
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Abstract
This review highlights ten "hot topics" in current antiviral research: (i) new nucleoside derivatives (i.e., PSI-352938) showing high potential as a direct antiviral against hepatitis C virus (HCV); (ii) cyclopropavir, which should be further pursued for treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections; (iii) North-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT), with a N-locked conformation, showing promising activity against both α- and γ-herpesviruses; (iv) CMX001, an orally bioavailable prodrug of cidofovir with broad-spectrum activity against DNA viruses, including polyoma, adeno, herpes, and pox; (v) favipiravir, which is primarily pursued for the treatment of influenza virus infections, but also inhibits the replication of other RNA viruses, particularly (-)RNA viruses such as arena, bunya, and hanta; (vi) newly emerging antiarenaviral compounds which should be more effective (and less toxic) than the ubiquitously used ribavirin; (vii) antipicornavirus agents in clinical development (pleconaril, BTA-798, and V-073); (viii) natural products receiving increased attention as potential antiviral drugs; (ix) antivirals such as U0126 targeted at specific cellular kinase pathways [i.e., mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK)], showing activity against influenza and other viruses; and (x) two structurally unrelated compounds (i.e., LJ-001 and dUY11) with broad-spectrum activity against virtually all enveloped RNA and DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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26
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Tuning the Stereoselectivity in One-Pot Scission/Addition Processes: Synthesis of Azanucleotide Analogues from Proline Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Pradere U, Amblard F, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of 5'-methylene-phosphonate furanonucleoside prodrugs: application to D-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β-C-methyl nucleosides. Org Lett 2012; 14:4426-9. [PMID: 22917194 PMCID: PMC3470451 DOI: 10.1021/ol301937v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new and facile synthetic pathway to metabolically stable 5'-methylene-bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)(POM)phosphonate furanonucleoside prodrugs is reported. The key step involves a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of a tetra(pivaloyloxymethyl) bisphosphonate salt with appropriately protected 5'-aldehydic nucleosides. This efficient approach was applied for the synthesis HCV related 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β-C-methyl nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pradere
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA, and RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA, and RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
| | - Steven J. Coats
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA, and RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA, and RFS Pharma, LLC, 1860 Montreal Road, Tucker, GA 30084, USA
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28
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C-6 aryl substituted 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acids as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4790-800. [PMID: 22748708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone-3-carboxylic acid represents a highly privileged chemotype in medicinal chemistry and has been extensively explored as antibiotics and antivirals targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase (IN). Herein we describe the synthesis and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) profile of a series of C-6 aryl substituted 4-quinlone-3-carboxylic acid analogues. Significant inhibition was observed with a few analogues at low micromolar range against HCV replicon in cell culture and a reduction in replicon RNA was confirmed through an RT-qPCR assay. Interestingly, evaluation of analogues as inhibitors of NS5B in a biochemical assay yielded only modest inhibitory activities, suggesting that a different mechanism of action could operate in cell culture.
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29
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Di Francesco ME, Avolio S, Pompei M, Pesci S, Monteagudo E, Pucci V, Giuliano C, Fiore F, Rowley M, Summa V. Synthesis and antiviral properties of novel 7-heterocyclic substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleoside inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4801-11. [PMID: 22770556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations in our laboratories resulted in the discovery of a novel series of potent nucleoside inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase bearing tetracyclic 7-substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleobases. The planarity of such modified systems was suggested to play a role in the high inhibitory potency observed. This paper describes how we envisaged to maintain the desired planarity of the modified nucleobase by means of an intra-molecular H-bond, engaging a H-bond donor atom on an appropriately substituted 7-heterocyclic residue with the adjacent amino group of the nucleobase. The success of this strategy is reflected by the identification of several novel potent nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B bearing a 7-heterocyclic substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleobase. Amongst these, the 1,2,4-oxadiazole analog 11 showed high antiviral potency against HCV replication in replicon cells and efficient conversion to the corresponding NTP in vivo, with high and sustained levels of NTP measured in rat liver following intravenous and oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emilia Di Francesco
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti S.p.A., Merck Research Laboratories Rome, Via Pontina Km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Italy.
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30
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Magano J, Dunetz JR. Large-Scale Carbonyl Reductions in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op2003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joshua R. Dunetz
- Chemical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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