1
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Bang S, Shin YH, Ma X, Park SM, Graham DB, Xavier RJ, Clardy J. A Cardiolipin from Muribaculum intestinale Induces Antigen-Specific Cytokine Responses. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23422-23426. [PMID: 37871232 PMCID: PMC10623554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
An systematic phenotypic screen of the mouse gut microbiome for metabolites with an immunomodulatory effect identified Muribaculum intestinale as one of only two members with an oversized effect on T-cell populations. Here we report the identification and characterization of a lipid, MiCL-1, as the responsible metabolite. MiCL-1 is an 18:1-16:0 cardiolipin, whose close relatives are found on concave lipid surfaces of both mammals and bacteria. MiCL-1 was synthesized to confirm the structural analysis and functionally characterized in cell-based assays. It has a highly restrictive structure-activity profile, as its chain-switched analog fails to induce responses in any of our assays. MiCL-1 robustly induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23, but has no detectable effect on the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. As is the case with other recently discovered immunomodulatory lipids, MiCL-1 requires functional TLR2 and TLR1 but not TLR6 in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Bang
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Blavatnik Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yern-Hyerk Shin
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Blavatnik Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Blavatnik Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Laboratory
of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical
School and Blavatnik Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Center
for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Daniel B. Graham
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Center
for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Center
for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Blavatnik Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Sitz T, Domey H, Fischer J, Rohn S. An Alternative Approach for the Synthesis of Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144275. [PMID: 34299550 PMCID: PMC8307113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is a glycolipid ubiquitously found in photosynthetically active organisms. It has attracted much attention in recent years due to its biological activities. Similarly, the increasing demand for vegan and functional foods has led to a growing interest in micronutrients such as sulfolipids and their physiological influence on human health. To study this influence, reference materials are needed for developing new analytical methods and providing enough material for model studies on the biological activity. However, the availability of these materials is limited by the difficulty to isolate and purify sulfolipids from natural sources and the unavailability of chemical standards on the market. Consequently, an alternative synthetic route for the comprehensive preparation of sulfolipids was established. Here, the synthesis of a sulfolipid with two identical saturated fatty acids is described exemplarily. The method opens possibilities for the preparation of a diverse range of interesting derivatives with different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sitz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Hendrik Domey
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (H.D.); (J.F.)
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-314-72583
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3
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Manzo E, Fioretto L, Pagano D, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, De Palma R, Fontana A. Chemical Synthesis of Marine-Derived Sulfoglycolipids, a New Class of Molecular Adjuvants. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090288. [PMID: 28930144 PMCID: PMC5618427 DOI: 10.3390/md15090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play a primary role in the protection of human health by preventing infectious and chronic diseases. Recently we have reported 1,2-O-distearoyl-3-O-β-d-sulfoquinovosylglycerol (β-SQDG18), here named Sulfavant A (1), which shows promising properties as a new molecular adjuvant in in vitro and in vivo tests. In the present manuscript, we provide full details about a synthetic strategy for the preparation of 1, including a discussion of chemical determinants of the activity and the major technical hurdles we faced during the study. Synthesis of Sulfavant A (1) is achieved by a versatile procedure based on a trichloroacetimidate methodology and peracetate sugar precursors. The final design opens possibilities for the preparation of a series of interesting analogs for further pharmacological optimization and development, including derivatives containing different saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., 17 and 22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dario Pagano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal and Experimental Clinic, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Campania, c/o II Policlinico (Bd. 3), Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
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4
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Waybright J, Huang W, Proctor A, Wang X, Allbritton NL, Zhang Q. Required hydrophobicity of fluorescent reporters for phosphatidylinositol family of lipid enzymes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6781-6789. [PMID: 28932942 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) family of lipids plays important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Abnormal expression, mutation, or regulation of their metabolic enzymes has been associated with various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and bipolar disorder. Recently, fluorescent derivatives have increasingly been used as chemical probes to monitor either lipid localization or enzymatic activity. However, the requirements of a good probe have not been well defined, particularly modifications on the diacylglycerol side chain partly due to challenges in generating PtdIns lipids. We have synthesized a series of fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2) and PtdIns (PI) derivatives with various lengths of side chains and tested their capacity as substrates for PI3KIα and PI4KIIα, respectively. Both capillary electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography were used to analyze enzymatic reactions. For both enzymes, the fluorescent probe with a longer side chain functions as a better substrate than that with a shorter chain and works well in the presence of the endogenous lipid, highlighting the importance of hydrophobicity of side chains in fluorescent phosphoinositide reporters. This comparison is consistent with their interactions with lipid vesicles, suggesting that the binding of a fluorescent lipid with liposome serves as a standard for assessing its utility as a chemical probe for the corresponding endogenous lipid. These findings are likely applicable to other lipid enzymes where the catalysis takes place at the lipid-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Waybright
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Weigang Huang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Angela Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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5
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Chandler BD, Burkhardt AL, Foley K, Cullis C, Driscoll D, Roy D'Amore N, Miller SJ. A fully synthetic and biochemically validated phosphatidyl inositol-3-phosphate hapten via asymmetric synthesis and native chemical ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:412-8. [PMID: 24344932 DOI: 10.1021/ja410750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biochemical validation of a phosphatidyl inositol-3 phosphate (PI3P) immunogen. The inositol stereochemistry was secured through peptide-catalyzed asymmetric phosphorylation catalysis, and the subsequent incorporation of a cysteine residue was achieved by native chemical ligation (NCL). Conjugation of the PI3P hapten to maleimide-activated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) provided a PI3P immunogen, which was successfully used to generate selective PI3P antibodies. The incorporation of a sulfhydryl nucleophile into a phosphoinositide hapten demonstrates a general strategy to reliably access phosphoinositide immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, United States
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6
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Manzo E, Tramice A, Pagano D, Trincone A, Fontana A. Chemo-enzymatic preparation of α-6-sulfoquinovosyl-1,2-O-diacylglycerols. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Varvogli AAC, Fylaktakidou KC, Farmaki T, Stefanakis JG, Koumbis AE. Versatile Synthesis of 1- O-(ω-Aminolauryl)-I(4,5)P 2. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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GPCR activation of Ras and PI3Kc in neutrophils depends on PLCb2/b3 and the RasGEF RasGRP4. EMBO J 2012; 31:3118-29. [PMID: 22728827 PMCID: PMC3400018 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which receptors regulate the Ras Binding Domains of the PIP3-generating, class I PI3Ks remain poorly understood, despite their importance in a range of biological settings, including tumorigenesis, activation of neutrophils by pro-inflammatory mediators, chemotaxis of Dictyostelium and cell growth in Drosophila. We provide evidence that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can stimulate PLCb2/b3 and diacylglycerol- dependent activation of the RasGEF, RasGRP4 in neutrophils. The genetic loss of RasGRP4 phenocopies knock-in of a Ras-insensitive version of PI3Kc in its effects on PI3Kc-dependent PIP3 accumulation, PKB activation, chemokinesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. These results establish a new mechanism by which GPCRs can stimulate Ras, and the broadly important principle that PLCs can control activation of class I PI3Ks.
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9
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Wang X, Barrett M, Sondek J, Harden TK, Zhang Q. Fluorescent phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate derivatives with modified 6-hydroxy group as novel substrates for phospholipase C. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5300-6. [PMID: 22703043 DOI: 10.1021/bi300637h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to monitor spatiotemporal activity of phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes with a PLC-selective sensor would dramatically enhance understanding of the physiological function and disease relevance of these signaling proteins. Previous structural and biochemical studies defined critical roles for several of the functional groups of the endogenous substrate of PLC isozymes, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), indicating that these sites cannot be readily modified without compromising interactions with the lipase active site. However, the role of the 6-hydroxy group of PIP(2) for interaction and hydrolysis by PLC has not been explored, possibly due to challenges in synthesizing 6-hydroxy derivatives. Here, we describe an efficient route for the synthesis of novel, fluorescent PIP(2) derivatives modified at the 6-hydroxy group. Two of these derivatives were used in assays of PLC activity in which the fluorescent PIP(2) substrates were separated from their diacylglycerol products and reaction rates quantified by fluorescence. Both PIP(2) analogues effectively function as substrates of PLC-δ1, and the K(M) and V(max) values obtained with one of these are similar to those observed with native PIP(2) substrate. These results indicate that the 6-hydroxy group can be modified to develop functional substrates for PLC isozymes, thereby serving as the foundation for further development of PLC-selective sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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11
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Huang W, Sun W, Song Z, Yu Y, Chen X, Zhang Q. Incorporation of a fluorous diazirine group into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to illustrate its interaction with ADP-ribosylation factor 1. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5197-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Bru M, Kotkar SP, Kar N, Köhn M. Development of a solid phase synthesis strategy for soluble phosphoinositide analogues. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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13
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Huang W, Jiang D, Wang X, Wang K, Sims CE, Allbritton NL, Zhang Q. Kinetic analysis of PI3K reactions with fluorescent PIP2 derivatives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1881-8. [PMID: 21789487 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Increased mutations and expression levels of PI3K are hallmarks for the development of certain cancers. Pharmacological targeting of PI3K activity has also been actively pursued as a novel cancer therapeutic. Consequently, measurement of PI3K activity in different cell types or patient samples holds the promise as being a novel diagnostic tool. However, the direct measurement of cellular PI3K activity has been a challenging task. We report here the characterization of two fluorescent PIP(2) derivatives as reporters for PI3K enzymatic activity. The reporters are efficiently separated from their corresponding PI3K enzymatic products through either thin layer chromatography (TLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE), and can be detected with high sensitivity by fluorescence. The biophysical and kinetic properties of the two probes are measured, and their suitability to characterize PI3K inhibitors is explored. Both probes show similar capacity as PI3K substrates for inhibitor characterization, yet also possess distinct properties that may suggest their different applications. These characterizations have laid the groundwork to systematically measure cellular PI3K activity, and have the potential to generate molecular fingerprints for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Huang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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14
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Bis (monoacylglycero) phosphate interfacial properties and lipolysis by pancreatic lipase-related protein 2, an enzyme present in THP-1 human monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:419-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Bandyopadhyay S, Bong D. Synthesis of Trifunctional Phosphatidylserine Probes for Identification of Lipid-Binding Proteins. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Guanti G, Banfi L, Basso A, Bondanza L, Guglieri G, Powles K, Riva R. Optimized synthesis of phosphatidylserine. Amino Acids 2010; 39:367-73. [PMID: 20143114 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphatidyl serine containing saturated fatty acids was thoroughly studied and optimized in order to establish a protocol amenable to large-scale synthesis. The key step was a one-pot multicomponent reaction involving an O-benzyl phosphorodiamidite, protected serine and diacylglycerol, followed by in situ oxidation of the resulting phosphite. In order to replace expensive and poorly stable tetrazole, a screening of substitutes was carried out and imidazolium chloride was selected as the best suited one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
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17
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Elliott TS, Nemeth J, Swain SA, Conway SJ. A synthesis of dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Conway SJ, Gardiner J, Grove SJA, Johns MK, Lim ZY, Painter GF, Robinson DEJE, Schieber C, Thuring JW, Wong LSM, Yin MX, Burgess AW, Catimel B, Hawkins PT, Ktistakis NT, Stephens LR, Holmes AB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate affinity probes. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:66-76. [PMID: 20024134 DOI: 10.1039/b913399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the complete family of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analogues (PIPs) from five key core intermediates A-E is described. These core compounds were obtained from myo-inositol orthoformate 1 via regioselective DIBAL-H and trimethylaluminium-mediated cleavages and a resolution-protection process using camphor acetals 10. Coupling of cores A-E with phosphoramidites 34 and 38, derived from the requisite protected lipid side chains, afforded the fully-protected PIPs. Removal of the remaining protecting groups was achieved via hydrogenolysis using palladium black or palladium hydroxide on carbon in the presence of sodium bicarbonate to afford the complete family of dipalmitoyl- and amino-PIP analogues 42, 45, 50, 51, 58, 59, 67, 68, 76, 77, 82, 83, 92, 93, 99 and 100. Investigations using affinity probes incorporating these compounds have identified novel proteins involved in the PI3K intracellular signalling network and have allowed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of phosphoinositide interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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20
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Keddie NS, Bultynck G, Luyten T, Slawin AM, Conway SJ. A type 2 Ferrier rearrangement-based synthesis of d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Langlois N, Legeay JC, Retailleau P. C-(4-Methoxybenzyloxymethyl)-N-methylnitrone Cycloaddition to Highly Functionalized Pyrrolinone: A Regio- and Stereoselective Approach to New Omuralide-Salinosporamide A Hybrids. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Smith MD, Gong D, Sudhahar CG, Reno JC, Stahelin RV, Best MD. Synthesis and convenient functionalization of azide-labeled diacylglycerol analogues for modular access to biologically active lipid probes. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1855-63. [PMID: 18683963 DOI: 10.1021/bc8001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane lipids have been identified as key participants in cell signaling activities. One important role is their involvement as site-specific ligands in protein-membrane binding interactions, which result in the anchoring of peripheral proteins onto cellular membranes. These events generally regulate protein function and localization and have been implicated in both normal physiological processes and those pertaining to disease state onset. Thus, it is important to elucidate the details of interactions at the molecular level, such as lipid-binding specificities and affinities, the location of receptor binding domains and multivalency in binding. For this purpose, we have designed and developed azido-tagged lipid analogues as conveniently functionalizable lipid probe scaffolds. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of the initial structure of this type, diacylglycerol analogue 2, which contains an azide tag at the sn-1 position of the lipid headgroup. Direct functionalization of this compound with a range of reporter groups has been performed to illustrate the facile access to probes of use for characterizing binding. Quantitative lipid-binding studies using protein kinase C, a known DAG-binding receptor, demonstrate that these probes are active mimetics of natural DAG. Thus, these DAG probes will serve as robust sensors for studies aimed at understanding binding interactions and as precursors for the development of analogous probes of more complex phospholipids and glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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23
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Huang W, Zhang H, Davrazou F, Kutateladze TG, Shi X, Gozani O, Prestwich GD. Stabilized phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate analogues as ligands for the nuclear protein ING2: chemistry, biology, and molecular modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6498-506. [PMID: 17469822 PMCID: PMC2553394 DOI: 10.1021/ja070195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of PtdIns(5)P with the tumor suppressor protein ING2 has been implicated in the regulation of chromatin modification. To enhance the stability of PtdIns(5)P for studies of the biological role in vivo, two phosphatase-resistant moieties were used to replace the labile 5-phosphate. The total asymmetric synthesis of the 5-methylenephosphonate (MP) and 5-phosphothionate (PT) analogues of PtdIns(5)P is described herein, and the resulting metabolically stabilized lipid analogues were evaluated in three ways. First, liposomes containing either the dioleoyl MP or PT analogues bound to recombinant ING2 similar to liposomes containing dipalmitoyl PtdIns(5)P, indicating that the replacement of the hydrolyzable 5-phosphate group does not compromise the binding. Second, the dioleoyl MP and PT PtdIns(5)P analogues were equivalent to dipalmitoyl PtdIns(5)P in augmenting cell death induced by a DNA double-strand break in HT1080 cells. Finally, molecular modeling and docking of the MP or PT analogues to the C-terminus PtdInsP-binding region of ING2 (consisting of a PHD finger and a polybasic region) revealed a number of complementary surface and electrostatic contacts between the lipids and ING2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257 USA, Phone: +1-801-585-9051. Fax: +1-801-585-9053.
| | - Honglu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257 USA, Phone: +1-801-585-9051. Fax: +1-801-585-9053.
| | - Foteini Davrazou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0511 USA
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0511 USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305 USA
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305 USA
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257 USA, Phone: +1-801-585-9051. Fax: +1-801-585-9053.
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24
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Sureshan KM, Riley AM, Potter BV. Rapid and efficient routes to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphates via myo-inositol orthobenzoate. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Jiang G, Xu Y, Falguières T, Gruenberg J, Prestwich GD. Concise synthesis of ether analogues of lysobisphosphatidic acid. Org Lett 2006; 7:3837-40. [PMID: 16119911 PMCID: PMC2535798 DOI: 10.1021/ol051194w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a versatile, efficient method for the preparation of ether analogues of (S,S)-lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) and its enantiomer from (S)-solketal. Phosphorylation of a protected sn-2-O-octadecenyl glyceryl ether with 2-cyanoethyl bis-N,N-diisopropylamino phosphine and subsequent deprotection generated the bisether LBPA analogues. By simply changing the sequence of deprotection steps, we obtained the (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiomers of 2,2'-bisether LBPA. An ELISA assay with anti-LBPA monoclonal antibodies showed that the bisether LBPAs were recognized with the same affinity as the natural 2,2'-bisoleolyl LBPA. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257
| | - Thomas Falguières
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257
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26
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Ali SM, Ahmad MU, Koslosky P, Kasireddy K, Murali Krishna U, Ahmad I. Synthesis of short and long chain cardiolipins. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu Y, Lee SA, Kutateladze TG, Sbrissa D, Shisheva A, Prestwich GD. Chemical synthesis and molecular recognition of phosphatase-resistant analogues of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:885-97. [PMID: 16417379 PMCID: PMC2535791 DOI: 10.1021/ja0554716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates in cellular membranes by phosphatases and kinases orchestrates the signaling by these lipids in space and time. To provide chemical tools to study the changes in cell physiology mediated by these lipids, three new metabolically stabilized (ms) analogues of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) were synthesized. We describe herein the total asymmetric synthesis of 3-methylphosphonate, 3-(monofluoromethyl)phosphonate and 3-phosphorothioate analogues of PtdIns(3)P. From differentially protected D-myo-inositol key intermediates, a versatile phosphoramidite reagent was employed in the synthesis of PtdIns(3)P analogues with diacylglyceryl moieties containing dioleoyl, dipalmitoyl, and dibutyryl chains. In addition, we introduce a new phosphorylation reagent, (monofluoromethyl)phosphonyl chloride, which has general applications for the preparation of "pKa-matched" monofluorophosphonates. These ms-PtdIns(3)P analogues exhibited reduced binding activities with 15N-labeled FYVE and PX domains, as significant 1H and 15N chemical shift changes in the FYVE domain were induced by titrating ms-PtdIns(3)P analogues into membrane-mimetic dodecylphosphocholine micelles. In addition, the PtdIns(3)P analogues with dioleoyl and dipalmitoyl chains were substrates for the 5-kinase enzyme PIKfyve; the corresponding phosphorylated ms-PI(3,5)P2 products were detected by radio-TLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Diego Sbrissa
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Assia Shisheva
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257 USA
- Phone: +1-801-585-9051. Fax: +1-801-585-9053.
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28
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Dewald DB, Ozaki S, Malaviya S, Shope JC, Manabe K, Crosby L, Neilsen P, Johnston D, Harihar S, Prestwich GD. Cellular calcium mobilization in response to phosphoinositide delivery. Cell Calcium 2005; 38:59-72. [PMID: 16099504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) is mobilized in many cell types in response to activation of phosphoinositide (PIP(n)) signaling pathways involving PtdIns(4,5)P(2) or PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3). To further explore the relationship between increases in intracellular PIP(n) concentrations and mobilization of [Ca(2+)](i), each of the seven phosphorylated phosphoinositides (PIP(n)s) were delivered into cells and the metabolism and physiological effects of the exogenously administered PIP(n)s were determined. The efficient cellular delivery of fluorophore-tagged and native PIP(n)s was accomplished using histone protein, neomycin, and dendrimeric polyamines. PtdIns(4,5)P(2) fluorophore-tagged analogs with short- and long-acyl chains were substrates for cellular enzymes in vitro and for phospholipases in stimulated fibroblasts. PtdIns(4)P, PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and PtdIns(4,5)P(2), each induced calcium mobilization rapidly after exogenous addition to fibroblasts. PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) induced a significant, but smaller increase in intracellular calcium. These observations suggest that PIP(n)s other than PtdIns(4,5)P(2) or PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) may have direct roles in signaling involving [Ca(2+)](i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryll B Dewald
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, 84322-5305, USA.
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29
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Prestwich GD. Visualization and perturbation of phosphoinositide and phospholipid signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2005; 77:168-78. [PMID: 16099401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells signal through lipids that are produced by phospholipid (PL) and phosphoinositide (PIPn) metabolism involve three enzymatic processes: (i) ester and phosphodiester hydrolysis by phospholipases, (ii) monophosphate hydrolysis by phosphatases, and (iii) phosphorylation of hydroxy groups by kinases. Unregulated enzyme activity correlates with specific pathologies, which are specific targets for therapeutic intervention. A variety of reagents now permit monitoring of in vitro enzyme activity, spatiotemporal changes of intracellular lipid concentrations, and identification of lipid-protein interactions. This minireview summarizes a chemical biology approach that illustrates how chemically synthesized affinity probes can be used to characterize changes in lipid signaling in cellular and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA.
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30
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Drees BE, Mills GB, Rommel C, Prestwich GD. Therapeutic potential of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.14.5.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Figueroa-Perez I, Stadelmaier A, Morath S, Hartung T, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of structural variants of Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Schneiter R, Brügger B, Amann CM, Prestwich GD, Epand RF, Zellnig G, Wieland FT, Epand RM. Identification and biophysical characterization of a very-long-chain-fatty-acid-substituted phosphatidylinositol in yeast subcellular membranes. Biochem J 2004; 381:941-9. [PMID: 15270698 PMCID: PMC1133906 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphological analysis of a conditional yeast mutant in acetyl-CoA carboxylase acc1ts/mtr7, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, suggested that the synthesis of C26 VLCFAs (very-long-chain fatty acids) is important for maintaining the structure and function of the nuclear membrane. To characterize this C26-dependent pathway in more detail, we have now examined cells that are blocked in pathways that require C26. In yeast, ceramide synthesis and remodelling of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchors are two pathways that incorporate C26 into lipids. Conditional mutants blocked in either ceramide synthesis or the synthesis of GPI anchors do not display the characteristic alterations of the nuclear envelope observed in acc1ts, indicating that the synthesis of another C26-containing lipid may be affected in acc1ts mutant cells. Lipid analysis of isolated nuclear membranes revealed the presence of a novel C26-substituted PI (phosphatidylinositol). This C26-PI accounts for approx. 1% of all the PI species, and is present in both the nuclear and the plasma membrane. Remarkably, this C26-PI is the only C26-containing glycerophospholipid that is detectable in wild-type yeast, and the C26-substitution is highly specific for the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. To characterize the biophysical properties of this lipid, it was chemically synthesized. In contrast to PIs with normal long-chain fatty acids (C16 or C18), the C26-PI greatly reduced the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition of liposomes composed of 1,2-dielaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DEPE). The biophysical properties of this lipid are thus consistent with a possible role in stabilizing highly curved membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Schneiter
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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33
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Matsumura Y, Maki T, Tsurumaki K, Onomura O. Kinetic resolution of d,l-myo-inositol derivatives catalyzed by chiral Cu(II) complex. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Lipid signaling by phosphoinositides (PIP(n)s) involves an array of proteins with lipid recognition, kinase, phosphatase, and phospholipase functions. Understanding PIP(n) pathway signaling requires identification and characterization of PIP(n)-interacting proteins. Moreover, spatiotemporal localization and physiological function of PIP(n)-protein complexes must be elucidated in cellular and organismal contexts. For protein discovery to functional elucidation, reporter-linked phosphoinositides or tethered PIP(n)s have been essential. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling pathway has recently emerged as an important source of potential "druggable" therapeutic targets in human pathophysiology in both academic and pharmaceutical environments. This review summarizes the chemistry of PIP(n) affinity probes and their use in identifying macromolecular targets. The process of target validation will be described, i.e., the use of tethered PIP(n)s in determining PIP(n) selectivity in vitro and in establishing the function of PIP(n)-protein complexes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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35
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Regioselective phosphorylation of vicinal 3,4-hydroxy myo-inositol derivative promoted practical synthesis of d-PtdIns(4,5)P2 and d-Ins(1,4,5)P3. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Han F, Hayashi M, Watanabe Y. A Short Synthesis of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate via 3-O-Selective Phosphorylation of a 3,4-Free Inositol Derivative. CHEM LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2003.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Prestwich GD, Chen R, Feng L, Ozaki S, Ferguson CG, Drees BE, Neklason DA, Mostert MJ, Porter-Gill PA, Kang VH, Shope JC, Neilsen PO, Dewald DB. In situ detection of phospholipid and phosphoinositide metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2002; 42:19-38. [PMID: 12123704 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2571(01)00039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Cell Signaling, The University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Room 201, Salt Lake City 84112-5820, USA.
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38
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Feng L, Manabe K, Shope JC, Widmer S, DeWald DB, Prestwich GD. A real-time fluorogenic phospholipase A(2) assay for biochemical and cellular activity measurements. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:795-803. [PMID: 12144923 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluorogenic analog of the PLA(2) substrate PC, named Dabcyl-BODIPY-PC, or simply DBPC, was synthesized with a fluorescence quencher (Dabcyl, 4-[(4-[N,N-dimethylamino]phenyl)azo]benzoic acid) in the sn-1 acyl chain and a BODIPY fluor in the sn-2 acyl chain. DBPC was recognized by sPLA(2) from each of the four sources examined (bee venom, human synovial fluid, cobra venom, and bovine pancreas). A dramatic and quantifiable fluorescence enhancement of DBPC occurred upon phospholipase digestion both in the presence and absence of excess PC. Both real-time and endpoint assays for PLA(2) were sensitive, consistent, and rapid. Thus, DBPC can be used as a sensitive fluorogenic probe for in vitro high-throughput screening assays for PLA(2) activation and inhibition and would expedite studies of PLA(2) in cellular signaling, in vitro screening for drug discovery, and subcellular localization of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Center for Cell Signaling, 420 Wakara Way, Suite 360, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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39
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Chen R, Kang VH, Chen J, Shope JC, Torabinejad J, DeWald DB, Prestwich GD. A monoclonal antibody to visualize PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:697-708. [PMID: 11967281 DOI: 10.1177/002215540205000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] is a second messenger produced in response to agonist stimulation. Traditionally, visualization of phosphoinositide polyphosphates (PtdInsP(n)) in living cells is accomplished using chimeric green fluorescent protein (GFP)-pleckstrin homology (PH) domain proteins, while PtdInsP(n) quantitation is accomplished by extraction and separation of radiolabeled cellular PtdInsP(n)s. Here we describe preparation of a covalent protein-PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) immunogen, characterization of binding selectivity of an anti-PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) IgM, and immunodetection of PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) in stimulated mammalian cells. This antibody has greater than three orders of magnitude selectivity for binding PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) relative to its precursor, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)), and is therefore optimal for studies of cell function. The immunodetection in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells was benchmarked against HPLC analysis of [3H]-myo-inositol-labeled cellular PtdInsP(n)s. In addition, the changes in subcellular amounts and localizations of both PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and PtdIns(4,5)P(2) in stimulated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human neutrophils were observed by immunofluorescence. In insulin- or PDGF-stimulated fibroblasts, PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) levels increased in the cytoplasm, peaking at 10 min. In contrast, increases in the PtdIns(4,5)P(2) levels were detected in nuclei, corresponding to the production of new substrate following depletion by phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyan Chen
- Center for Cell Signaling, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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40
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Rauch ME, Ferguson CG, Prestwich GD, Cafiso DS. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) sequesters spin-labeled phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in lipid bilayers. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:14068-76. [PMID: 11825894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109572200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS) may function to sequester phosphoinositides within the plane of the bilayer. To characterize this interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)), a novel spin-labeled derivative, proxyl-PIP(2), was synthesized and characterized. In the presence of molecules known to bind PI(4,5)P(2) the EPR spectrum of this label exhibits an increase in line width because of a decrease in label dynamics, and titration of this probe with neomycin yields the expected 1:1 stoichiometry. Thus, this probe can be used to quantitate the interactions made by the PI(4,5)P(2) head group within the bilayer. In the presence of a peptide comprising the effector domain of MARCKS the EPR spectrum broadens, but the changes in line shape are modulated by both changes in label correlation time and spin-spin interactions. This result indicates that at least some proxyl-PIP(2) are in close proximity when bound to MARCKS and that MARCKS associates with multiple PI(4,5)P(2) molecules. Titration of the proxyl-PIP(2) EPR signal by the MARCKS-derived peptide also suggests that multiple PI(4,5)P(2) molecules interact with MARCKS. Site-directed spin labeling of this peptide shows that the position and conformation of this protein segment at the membrane interface are not altered significantly by binding to PI(4,5)P(2). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that MARCKS functions to sequester multiple PI(4,5)P(2) molecules within the plane of the membrane as a result of interactions that are driven by electrostatic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Rauch
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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41
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Whitley P, Gibbard AM, Koumanov F, Oldfield S, Kilgour EE, Prestwich GD, Holman GD. Identification of centaurin-alpha2: a phosphatidylinositide-binding protein present in fat, heart and skeletal muscle. Eur J Cell Biol 2002; 81:222-30. [PMID: 12018390 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the cloning, expression and characterisation of centaurin-alpha2 from a rat adipocyte cDNA library. The centaurin-alpha2 cDNA contains an open reading frame, which codes for a protein of 376 amino acids with predicted mass of 43.5 kDa. Centaurin-alpha2 shares 51-59% identity with centaurin-alpha1 proteins and has the same domain organisation, consisting of a predicted N-terminal ArfGAP domain followed by two successive pleckstrin homology domains. Despite the sequence similarity, there are a number of notable differences between the previously characterised centaurin-alpha1 proteins and the newly described centaurin-alpha2: (i) in vitro lipid binding experiments with centaurin-alpha2 do not reveal the same selectivity for phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate over phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate that has been shown for centaurin-alpha; (ii) unlike centaurin-alpha1 which is expressed mainly in the brain, centaurin-alpha2 has a broad tissue distribution, being particularly abundant in fat, heart and skeletal muscle; (iii) in contrast to centaurin-alpha1 which is found in both membrane and cytosolic fractions, endogenous centaurin-alpha2 is exclusively present in the dense membrane fractions of cell extracts, suggesting a constitutive membrane association. Insulin stimulation, which stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate production, does not alter the subcellular distribution of centaurin-alpha2 between adipocyte membrane fractions. This observation is consistent with the lack of specificity of centaurin-alpha2 for phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate over phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Whitley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, United Kingdom
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42
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43
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Ozaki S, DeWald DB, Shope JC, Chen J, Prestwich GD. Intracellular delivery of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates using polyamine carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11286-91. [PMID: 11005844 PMCID: PMC17192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.210197897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling regulates events in endocytosis and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking of proteins, transduction of extracellular signals, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation of calcium flux, and apoptosis. Obtaining mechanistic insights in living cells is impeded by the membrane impermeability of these anionic lipids. We describe a carrier system for intracellular delivery of phosphoinositide polyphosphates (PIP(n)s) and fluorescently labeled PIP(n)s into living cells, such that intracellular localization can be directly observed. Preincubation of PIP(n)s or inositol phosphates with carrier polyamines produced complexes that entered mammalian, plant, yeast, bacterial, and protozoal cells in seconds to minutes via a nonendocytic mechanism. Time-dependent transit of both PIP(n)s and the carrier to specific cytosolic and nuclear compartments was readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Platelet-derived growth factor treatment of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts containing carrier-delivered phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4, 5)P(2)]-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole resulted in the redistribution of the fluorescent signal, suggesting that fluorescent PtdIns(4, 5)P(2) was a substrate for phospholipase C. We also observed a calcium flux in NIH 3T3 cells when complexes of carrier and PtdIns(4, 5)P(2) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were added extracellularly. This simple intracellular delivery system allows for the efficient translocation of biologically active PIP(n)s, inositol phosphates, and their fluorescent derivatives into living cells in a physiologically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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44
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Synthesis of dipalmitoyl–phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate and its modified biological tools. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Rao VR, Corradetti MN, Chen J, Peng J, Yuan J, Prestwich GD, Brugge JS. Expression cloning of protein targets for 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37893-900. [PMID: 10608855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3'-K) family of lipid kinases play a critical role in cell proliferation, survival, vesicle trafficking, motility, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and oncogenesis. To identify downstream effectors of PI 3'-K, we developed a novel screen to isolate proteins that bind to the major products of PI 3'-K: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4-P(2)) and PtdIns-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)). This screen uses synthetic biotinylated analogs of these lipids in conjunction with libraries of radiolabeled proteins that are produced by coupled in vitro transcription/translation reactions. The feasibility of the screen was initially demonstrated using avidin-coated beads prebound to biotinylated PtdIns-3,4-P(2) and PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) to specifically isolate the pleckstrin homology domain of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. We then demonstrated the utility of this technique in isolating novel 3'-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol (3'-PPI)-binding proteins through the preliminary screening of in vitro transcribed/translated cDNAs from a small pool expression library derived from mouse spleen. Three proteins were isolated that bound specifically to 3'PPIs. Two of these proteins have been previously characterized as PIP3BP/p42(IP4) and the PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-dependent serine/threonine kinase phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. The third protein is a novel protein that contains only a Src homology 2 domain and a pleckstrin homology domain; this protein has a higher specificity for both PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) and PtdIns-3,4-P(2) than for PtdIns-4, 5-bisphosphate. Transcripts of this novel gene are present in every tissue analyzed but are most prominently expressed in spleen. We have renamed this new protein PHISH for 3'-phosphoinositide-interacting Src homology-containing protein. This report demonstrates the utility of this technique for isolating and characterizing 3'-PPI-binding proteins and has broad applicability for the isolation of binding domains for other lipid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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A synthesis of l-α-phosphatidyl-d-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (4,5-PIP2) and glyceryl lipid analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tuominen EK, Holopainen JM, Chen J, Prestwich GD, Bachiller PR, Kinnunen PK, Janmey PA. Fluorescent phosphoinositide derivatives reveal specific binding of gelsolin and other actin regulatory proteins to mixed lipid bilayers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 263:85-92. [PMID: 10429191 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of phosphatidyl inositol (PtdIns)-(4,5)-P2 were synthesized and used to test the effects of the PtdIns-(4, 5)-P2-regulated proteins gelsolin, tau, cofilin, and profilin on labeled PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 that was either in micellar form or mixed with phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) in bilayer vesicles. Gelsolin increased the fluorescence of 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)- or pyrene-labeled PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 and NBD-PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3. Cofilin and profilin produced no detectable change at equimolar ratios to PtdIns-(4,5)-P2, while tau decreased NBD-PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 fluorescence. Fluorescence enhancement by gelsolin of NBD-PtdIns-(4, 5)-P2 in mixed lipid vesicles depended on the mole fraction of PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 in the bilayer. Specific enhancement of 3% NBD-PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 : 97% PtdCho was much lower than that of 10% PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 : 90% PtdCho, but the enhancement of 3% NBD-PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 could be increased by addition of 7% unlabeled PtdIns-(4,5)-P2. The gelsolin-dependent increase in NBD-PtdIns-(4, 5)-P2 fluorescence was reversed by addition of Ca2+ or G-actin. Significant, but weaker, fluorescence enhancement was observed with the gelsolin N-terminal domain (residues 1-160) and a peptide comprised of gelsolin residues 150-169. Fluorescence energy transfer from gelsolin to pyrene-PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 was much stronger with intact gelsolin than the N-terminal region of gelsolin containing the PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 binding sites, suggesting that PtdIns-(4,5)-P2 may bind near a site formed by the juxtaposition of the N- and C-terminal domains of gelsolin.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
- Actin Depolymerizing Factors
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cattle
- Contractile Proteins
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Gelsolin/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Lipid Bilayers/metabolism
- Liposomes
- Micelles
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/chemistry
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositols/chemistry
- Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism
- Profilins
- Protein Binding
- Pyrenes
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- tau Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Tuominen
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Amano S, Takemura N, Ohtsuka M, Ogawa S, Chida N. Total synthesis of paniculide A from d-glucose. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blader IJ, Cope MJ, Jackson TR, Profit AA, Greenwood AF, Drubin DG, Prestwich GD, Theibert AB. GCS1, an Arf guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for normal actin cytoskeletal organization in vivo and stimulates actin polymerization in vitro. Mol Biol Cell 1999; 10:581-96. [PMID: 10069805 PMCID: PMC25189 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.10.3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cloning of a rat brain phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate binding protein, centaurin alpha, identified a novel gene family based on homology to an amino-terminal zinc-binding domain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the protein with the highest homology to centaurin alpha is Gcs1p, the product of the GCS1 gene. GCS1 was originally identified as a gene conditionally required for the reentry of cells into the cell cycle after stationary phase growth. Gcs1p was previously characterized as a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein for the small guanosine triphosphatase Arf1, and gcs1 mutants displayed vesicle-trafficking defects. Here, we have shown that similar to centaurin alpha, recombinant Gcs1p bound phosphoinositide-based affinity resins with high affinity and specificity. A novel GCS1 disruption strain (gcs1Delta) exhibited morphological defects, as well as mislocalization of cortical actin patches. gcs1Delta was hypersensitive to the actin monomer-sequestering drug, latrunculin-B. Synthetic lethality was observed between null alleles of GCS1 and SLA2, the gene encoding a protein involved in stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, synthetic growth defects were observed between null alleles of GCS1 and SAC6, the gene encoding the yeast fimbrin homologue. Recombinant Gcs1p bound to actin filaments, stimulated actin polymerization, and inhibited actin depolymerization in vitro. These data provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that Gcs1p interacts directly with the actin cytoskeleton in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Blader
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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