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Wu J, Faccinetto A, Batut S, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Nuns N, Hanoune B, Doussin JF, Desgroux P, Petitprez D. On the correlation between hygroscopic properties and chemical composition of cloud condensation nuclei obtained from the chemical aging of soot particles with O 3 and SO 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167745. [PMID: 37827306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Soot particles released in the atmosphere have long been investigated for their ability to affect the radiative forcing. Although freshly emitted soot particles are generally considered to yield only positive contributions to the radiative forcing, atmospheric aging can activate them into efficient cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which can trigger the formation of persistent clouds and ultimately provide a negative contribution to the radiative forcing. Depending on their residence time in the atmosphere, soot particles can undergo several physical and chemical aging processes that affect their chemical composition, particle size distribution and morphology, and ultimately their optical and hygroscopic properties. The impact of the physical-chemical aging on the properties of soot particles is still difficult to quantify, as well as their effect on the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. This work investigates the hygroscopic properties of chemically aged soot particles obtained from the combustion of aviation fuel, and in particular the interplay between aging mechanisms initiated by two widespread atmospheric oxidizers (O3 and SO2). Activation is measured in water supersaturation conditions using a cloud condensation nuclei counter. Once particle morphology and size distribution are taken into account, the hygroscopicity parameter κ is derived using κ-Köhler theory and correlated to the change of the chemical composition of the particles aged in a simulation chamber. While fresh soot particles are poor cloud condensation nuclei (κ < 10-4) and are not significantly affected by either O3 or SO2 at the timescale of the experiments, rapid activation is observed when they are simultaneously exposed to both oxidizers. Activated particles become efficient cloud condensation nuclei, comparable to the highly hygroscopic particulate matter typically found in the atmosphere (κ = 0.2-0.6 at RH = 20 %). Statistical analysis reveals a correlation between the activation and sulfur-containing ions detected on the chemically aged particles that are absent from the fresh particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junteng Wu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alessandro Faccinetto
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Batut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Nuns
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Univ. Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Pascale Desgroux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Denis Petitprez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Son S, Park M, Jang KS, Lee JY, Wu Z, Natsagdorj A, Kim YH, Kim S. Comparative analysis of organic chemical compositions in airborne particulate matter from Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, and Seoul using UPLC-FT-ICR-MS and artificial neural network. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165917. [PMID: 37527716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents comparative study on the composition and sources of PM2.5 in Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, and Seoul. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) were employed to analyze 85 samples collected in winter. The obtained 340 spectra were interpreted with artificial neural network (ANN). PM2.5 mass concentrations in Ulaanbaatar were significantly higher than those in Beijing and Seoul. ANN based interpretation of UPLC UHR-MS data showed that aliphatic/lipid derived organo‑sulfur compounds, polycyclic aromatic and organo‑oxygen compounds were characteristic to Ulaanbaatar. Whereas, aliphatic/lipid-derived organo‑oxygen compounds were major components in Beijing and Seoul. Aromatic organo‑nitrogen compounds were the main contributors to differentiating the spectra obtained from Beijing from the other cities. Based on two-dimensional gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometric (GCxGC/HRMS) data, it was determined that the concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle (PASH) containing sulfur were highest in Ulaanbaatar, followed by Beijing and Seoul. Coal/biomass combustion was identified as the primary source of contamination in Ulaanbaatar, while petroleum combustion was the main contributor to PM2.5 in Beijing and Seoul. The conclusion that diesel-powered heavy-duty trucks and buses are the main contributors to NOx emissions in Beijing is consistent with previous reports. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the composition and sources of PM2.5 in the three cities, with a focus on the differences in their atmospheric pollution profiles based on the UPLC UHR-MS and ANN analysis. It is notable that this study is the first to utilize this method on a large-scale sample set, providing a more detailed and molecular-level understanding of the compositional differences among PM2.5. Overall, the study contributes to a better understanding of the sources and composition of PM2.5 in Northeast Asia, which is essential for developing effective strategies to reduce air pollution and improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhee Park
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Amgalan Natsagdorj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wang H, Lu K, Tan Z, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Formation mechanism and control strategy for particulate nitrate in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:476-486. [PMID: 36522007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in China has been abated significantly, benefiting from strict emission control measures, but particulate nitrate continues to rise. Here, we review the progress in particulate nitrate (pNO3-) pollution characterization, nitrate formation mechanisms, and the proposed control strategies in China. The spatial and temporal distributions of pNO3- are summarized. The current status of knowledge on the chemical mechanism is updated, and the significance of its formation pathways is assessed by various approaches such as field observation and modelling of nitrate production rate, as well as isotopic analysis. The factors impacting pNO3- formation and the corresponding pollution regulation strategies are discussed, in which the importance of atmospheric oxidation capacity and ammonia are addressed. Finally, the challenges and open questions in pNO3- pollution control in China are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Zong T, Wang H, Wu Z, Lu K, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Shang D, Fang X, Huang X, He L, Ma N, Größ J, Huang S, Guo S, Zeng L, Herrmann H, Wiedensohler A, Zhang Y, Hu M. Particle hygroscopicity inhomogeneity and its impact on reactive uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151364. [PMID: 34740668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particles are important reaction vessels for multiphase chemistry. We conducted a meta-analysis of previous field observations in various environments (includes ocean, urban and rural regions), showing that particle hygroscopicity inhomogeneity (PHI) is ubiquitous for the continental atmospheric particles, in which a considerable part of the particulate matters is hydrophobic (10%-33% on average). However, the effects of PHI in quantifying the uptake process of reactive gases are still unclear. Here, taking N2O5 uptake as an example, we showed that using a laboratory-based parameterization scheme without considering the PHI might result in a misestimation of uptake rate coefficient, especially under low ambient relative humidity (RH). Such misestimation may be caused by the differences of the uptake coefficients, as well as the proportion of surface area concentration (SA) between hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles. We suggested that the PHI should be well-considered in establishing the reactive traces gases heterogeneous uptake parameterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taomou Zong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yishu Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Johannes Größ
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Shan Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Alfred Wiedensohler
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Wang H, Lu K, Chen S, Li X, Zeng L, Hu M, Zhang Y. Characterizing nitrate radical budget trends in Beijing during 2013-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148869. [PMID: 34328950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3) radical is an important oxidant in the atmosphere as it regulates the NOx budget and impacts secondary pollutant formation. Here, a long-term observational dataset of NO3-related species at an urban site in Beijing was used to investigate changes in the NO3 budget and their atmospheric impacts during 2013-2019, in this period the Clean Air Actions Plan was carried out in China. We found that (1) changes in NO3 precursors (NO2 and O3) led to a significant increase in NO3 formation in the surface layer in winter but a decrease in summer; (2) a reduction in NOx promoted thermal equilibrium, favoring the formation of NO3 rather than dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). The simultaneous decrease in PM2.5, during these years, further weakened the N2O5 heterogeneous uptake; (3) a box model simulation revealed that both the reactions of NO3 with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and N2O5 uptake were weakened in summer, implying that the policy actions implemented help to moderate secondary aerosol formation caused by NO3 and N2O5 chemistry in summer; and (4) during winter, both NO3 + VOC and N2O5 uptake were enhanced. Specifically, for the N2O5 uptake, the rapid increase in NO3 production, or to some extent, NO3 oxidation capacity, far outweighed the negative shift effect, leading to a net enhancement of N2O5 uptake in winter, which indicates that the action policy implemented led to an adverse effect on particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake in winter. This may explain the persistent winter particulate nitrate pollution in recent years. Our results highlight the systematic changes in the NO3 budget between 2013 and 2019 in Beijing, which subsequently affect secondary aerosol formation in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shiyi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wang Y, Mekic M, Li P, Deng H, Liu S, Jiang B, Jin B, Vione D, Gligorovski S. Ionic Strength Effect Triggers Brown Carbon Formation through Heterogeneous Ozone Processing of Ortho-Vanillin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4553-4564. [PMID: 33784089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methoxyphenols are an important class of compounds emerging from biomass combustion, and their reactions with ozone can generate secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Here, we use a vertical wetted wall flow tube reactor to evaluate the effect of ionic strength on the heterogeneous reaction of gas-phase ozone (O3) with a liquid film of o-vanillin (o-VL) (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), as a proxy for methoxyphenols. Typical for moderately acidic aerosols, at fixed pH = 5.6, the uptake coefficients (γ) of O3 on o-VL ([o-VL] = 1 × 10-5 mol L-1) increase from γ = (1.9 ± 0.1) × 10-7 in the absence of Na2SO4 to γ = (6.8 ± 0.3) × 10-7 at I = 0.2 mol L-1, and then, it decreases again. The addition of NO3- ions only slightly decreases the uptakes of O3. Ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) reveals that the formation of multicore aromatic compounds is favored upon heterogeneous O3 reaction with o-VL, in the presence of SO42- and NO3- ions. The addition of NO3- ions favors the formation of nitrooxy (-ONO2) or oxygenated nitrooxy group of organonitrates, which are components of brown carbon that can affect both climate and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Majda Mekic
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Mekic M, Wang Y, Loisel G, Vione D, Gligorovski S. Ionic Strength Effect Alters the Heterogeneous Ozone Oxidation of Methoxyphenols in Going from Cloud Droplets to Aerosol Deliquescent Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12898-12907. [PMID: 32946234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methoxyphenols are one of the most abundant classes of biomarker tracers for atmospheric wood smoke pollution. The reactions of atmospheric oxidants (ozone, OH) with methoxyphenols can contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Here, for the first time, we use the well-established vertical wetted wall flow tube (VWWFT) reactor to assess the effect of ionic strength (I), pH, temperature, and ozone concentration on the reaction kinetics of ozone with acetosyringone (ACS), as a representative methoxyphenol compound. At fixed pH 3, typical for acidic atmospheric deliquescent particles, and at I = 0.9 M adjusted by Na2SO4, the uptake coefficient (γ) of O3 increases by 2 orders of magnitude from γ = (5.0 ± 0.8) × 10-8 on neat salt solution (Na2SO4) to γ = (6.0 ± 0.01) × 10-6 on a mixture of ACS and Na2SO4. The comparison of the uptake coefficients of O3 at different pH values indicates that the reaction kinetics strongly depends on the acidity of the phenolic group of ACS. The observed different reactivity of gas-phase ozone with ACS has implications for ozone uptake by the dilute aqueous phase of cloud droplets and by aerosol deliquescent particles loaded with inorganic salts, and it can affect the formation of SOA in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Mekic
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gwendal Loisel
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
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8
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Chen YJ, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu Y, Li R, Dong C, Qi Z, Liu G, Chen ZF, Cai Z. GC-MS/MS analysis for source identification of emerging POPs in PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110368. [PMID: 32114245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging POPs have received increasing attention due to their potential persistence and toxicity, but thus far the report regarding the occurrence and distribution of these POPs in PM2.5 is limited. In this study, an extremely sensitive and reliable method, using ultrasonic solvent extraction and silica gel purification followed by gas chromatography coupled with electron ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, was developed and used for the trace analysis of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloroanisole (PCA) and its analogs chlorobenzenes (CBs) in PM2.5 from Taiyuan within a whole year. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation of analytes were 1.14 × 10-4‒2.74 × 10-4 pg m-3 and 3.80 × 10-4‒9.14 × 10-4 pg m-3. HCBD and PCA were detected at the mean concentrations of 3.69 and 1.84 pg m-3 in PM2.5, which is reported for the first time. Based on the results of statistical analysis, HCBD may come from the unintentional emission of manufacture or incineration of chlorinate-contained products but not coal combustion, while O3-induced photoreaction was the potential source of PCA in PM2.5. The temporal distributions of CBs in PM2.5 were closely related to coal-driven or agricultural activities. Accordingly, our study reveals the contamination profiles of emerging POPs in PM2.5 from Taiyuan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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9
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Zhang T, Yang W, Han C, Yang H, Xue X. Heterogeneous reaction of ozone with syringic acid: Uptake of O 3 and changes in the composition and optical property of syringic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113632. [PMID: 31785942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Syringic acid, which is a typical methoxyphenol emitted from wood combustion, can provide heterogeneous reaction sites for gaseous active components, influencing the concentrations of trace gases and the compositions of syringic acid. The heterogeneous uptake of O3 on syringic acid was investigated using a flow tube reactor under ambient pressure. The initial uptake coefficient (γi) and the steady-state uptake coefficient (γss) of O3 linearly increased with syringic acid mass (0-0.16 μg cm-2) and temperature (278-328 K), while they decreased with increasing the O3 concentration and the O2 content. The γi was independent of relative humidity (20%-70%), whereas γss decreased with relative humidity (7%-70%). The compositional changes of syringic acid by the ozonization were analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), confirming the generation of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. In addition, compared to that of fresh syringic acid, the mass absorption efficiency of syringic acid aged by O3 exhibited an increase in the range of 290-320 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wangjin Yang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - He Yang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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10
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Collins DB, Hems RF, Zhou S, Wang C, Grignon E, Alavy M, Siegel JA, Abbatt JPD. Evidence for Gas-Surface Equilibrium Control of Indoor Nitrous Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12419-12427. [PMID: 30346749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important component of indoor air as a photolabile precursor to hydroxyl radicals and has direct health effects. HONO concentrations are typically higher indoors than outdoors, although indoor concentrations have proved challenging to predict using box models. In this study, time-resolved measurements of HONO and NO2 in a residence showed that [HONO] varied relatively weakly over contiguous periods of hours, while [NO2] fluctuated in association with changes in outdoor [NO2]. Perturbation experiments were performed in which indoor HONO was depleted or elevated and were interpreted using a two-compartment box model. To reproduce the measurements, [HONO] had to be predicted using persistent source and sink processes that do not directly involve NO2, suggesting that HONO was in equilibrium with indoor surfaces. Production of gas phase HONO directly from conversion of NO2 on surfaces had a weak influence on indoor [HONO] during the time of the perturbations. Highly similar temporal responses of HONO and semivolatile carboxylic acids to ventilation of the residence along with the detection of nitrite on indoor surfaces support the concept that indoor HONO mixing ratios are controlled strongly by gas-surface equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Collins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Rachel F Hems
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Shouming Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Eloi Grignon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Masih Alavy
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering , University of Toronto , 35 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A4 , Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Siegel
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering , University of Toronto , 35 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A4 , Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , 223 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5T 1R4 , Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 Street George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
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11
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Zelenov VV, Aparina EV, Kozlovskiy VI, Sulimenkov IV, Nosyrev AE. Kinetics of NO3 Uptake on Pyrene as a Representative Organic Aerosols. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793118020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhao X, Zhou W, Lu C. Fabrication of Noncoplanar Molecule Aggregates with Inherent Porous Structures for Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10078-10084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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13
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Nayebzadeh M, Vahedpour M. A Review on Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with the Most Abundant Atmospheric Chemical Fragments: Theoretical and Experimental Data. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/146867817x14821527549293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and have strong effects on climate and public health due to the importance of reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in air. Over the last decade, study of the reactions of PAHs and their derivatives in the atmosphere has become a key topic to find an effective way to decrease the impact of this spontaneous reaction and so reduce air pollution. This article aims to pool the majority of research on the reactions of PAHs with atmospheric agents such as oxygen, hydrogen and ozone and compare the theoretical and experimental results. In examining theoretical research, the number of aromatic rings is very important in calculating the rate constants and determining the main pathway of the reaction. So, while there are weak theoretical data, several papers issued in this field have concurred with key experimental results. For reactants with more than six aromatic rings, small basis sets have good conformity with experimental outcomes. Due to the abundance of OH in the atmosphere, much research has been done to find the best reaction pathway and calculate the associated rate constants experimentally and theoretically. In future, the opportunity exists for new researchers to detect the main intermediates, most important pathways, rate constants and the products of reactions with more than six aromatic rings and to detect PAHs in a dense atmosphere. Product identification will help to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nayebzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Vahedpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran
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14
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Zelenyuk A, Imre DG, Wilson J, Bell DM, Suski KJ, Shrivastava M, Beránek J, Alexander ML, Kramer AL, Massey Simonich SL. The effect of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the formation and properties of biogenic secondary organic aerosol particles. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:143-164. [PMID: 28581016 PMCID: PMC9918307 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
When secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are formed by ozonolysis in the presence of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their formation and properties are significantly different from SOA particles formed without PAHs. For all SOA precursors and all PAHs, discussed in this study, the presence of the gas-phase PAHs during SOA formation significantly affects particle mass loadings, composition, growth, evaporation kinetics, and viscosity. SOA particles formed in the presence of PAHs have, as part of their compositions, trapped unreacted PAHs and products of heterogeneous reactions between PAHs and ozone. Compared to 'pure' SOA particles, these particles exhibit slower evaporation kinetics, have higher fractions of non-volatile components, like oligomers, and higher viscosities, assuring their longer atmospheric lifetimes. In turn, the increased viscosity and decreased volatility provide a shield that protects PAHs from chemical degradation and evaporation, allowing for the long-range transport of these toxic pollutants. The magnitude of the effect of PAHs on SOA formation is surprisingly large. The presence of PAHs during SOA formation increases mass loadings by factors of two to five, and particle number concentrations, in some cases, by more than a factor of 100. Increases in SOA mass, particle number concentrations, and lifetime have important implications to many atmospheric processes related to climate, weather, visibility, and human health, all of which relate to the interactions between biogenic SOA and anthropogenic PAHs. The synergistic relationship between SOA and PAHs presented here are clearly complex and call for future research to elucidate further the underlying processes and their exact atmospheric implications.
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15
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Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, Zaveri RA. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:2103-2162. [PMID: 30147712 PMCID: PMC6104845 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2103-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO3) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO3-BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO3-BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO3-BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO3-BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John N. Crowley
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Astrid Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung: Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Luecken
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert McLaren
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anke Mutzel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans D. Osthoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), CNRS, Universities of Paris-Est Créteil and ì Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Platt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rebecca H. Schwantes
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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16
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Zhang P, Sun W, Yang B, Shu J, Dong L. Effect of the blocked-sites phenomenon on the heterogeneous reaction of pyrene with N2O5/NO3/NO2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify whether the blocking reaction sites problem has a significant impact on heterogeneous reactions, experiments contrasting the order of pyrene (PY) particles' exposure to N2O5–O3 or O3–N2O5 in a heterogeneous process were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Jinian Shu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Liang Dong
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement
- Beijing 100029
- China
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17
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Slikboer S, Grandy L, Blair SL, Nizkorodov SA, Smith RW, Al-Abadleh HA. Formation of Light Absorbing Soluble Secondary Organics and Insoluble Polymeric Particles from the Dark Reaction of Catechol and Guaiacol with Fe(III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7793-801. [PMID: 26039867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals such as iron are reactive components of environmentally relevant surfaces. Here, dark reaction of Fe(III) with catechol and guaiacol was investigated in an aqueous solution at pH 3 under experimental conditions that mimic reactions in the adsorbed phase of water. Using UV-vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy techniques, we characterized the reactants, intermediates, and products as a function of reaction time. The reactions of Fe(III) with catechol and guaiacol produced significant changes in the optical spectra of the solutions due to the formation of light absorbing secondary organics and colloidal organic particles. The primary steps in the reaction mechanism were shown to include oxidation of catechol and guaiacol to hydroxy- and methoxy-quinones. The particles formed within a few minutes of reaction and grew to micron-size aggregates after half an hour reaction. The mass-normalized absorption coefficients of the particles were comparable to those of strongly absorbing brown carbon compounds produced by biomass burning. These results could account for new pathways that lead to atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and abiotic polymer formation on environmental surfaces mediated by transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slikboer
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Lindsay Grandy
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Sandra L Blair
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Richard W Smith
- §University of Waterloo Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
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18
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Polystyrene as a model system to probe the impact of ambient gas
chemistry on polymer surface modifications using remote atmospheric pressure
plasma under well-controlled conditions. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029512. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4919410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Liu C, Yang B, Zeng C. Kinetic studies of heterogeneous reactions of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO3 radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1276-1280. [PMID: 25460772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the atmospheric environment with adverse effects on human health. In this study, heterogeneous kinetics of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO3 radicals were investigated with a mixed-phase relative rate method. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS) and an atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer were used to monitor online the decays of particulate OPPs and reference compound, respectively. Reactive uptake coefficients of NO3 radicals on phosmet and parathion particles were (0.12±0.03) and (0.14±0.04), respectively, calculated according to the measured OPPs loss ratios and the average NO3 concentrations. Additionally, the average effective rate constants for heterogeneous reactions of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO3 radicals measured under experimental conditions were (2.80±0.16)×10(-12) and (2.97±0.13)×10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively. The experimental results of these heterogeneous reactions in the aerosol state provide supplementary knowledge for kinetic behaviors of airborne OPPs particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chenghua Zeng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
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21
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Sebastiani F, Campbell RA, Pfrang C. Complementarity of neutron reflectometry and ellipsometry for the study of atmospheric reactions at the air–water interface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined application of neutron reflectometry and ellipsometry to determine the oxidation kinetics of organic monolayers at the air–water interface is described for the first time.
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22
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Liu CG, Shu JN, Yang B, Zhang P. Products and kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2686-2691. [PMID: 25301341 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a renowned s-triazine herbicide, ametryn is worldwide emitted into the atmosphere in both gaseous and particulate phases via spray drifts from treatments and post application emissions, but its chemical degradation in the atmosphere has not been well characterized. In this study, the heterogeneous kinetics of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals were investigated with a mixed-phase relative rate method. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS) and an atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer were synchronously used to online monitor the decays of particulate ametryn and gas-phase isoprene. The reactive uptake coefficient of NO3 radicals on ametryn particles was calculated to be 2.9 × 10(-2), according to the measured ametryn loss ratio and the average NO3 concentration. The effective rate constant for the heterogeneous reaction of particulate ametryn with NO3 radicals measured under experimental conditions was 8.4 × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). In addition, atraton, ametryn sulfoxide and ametryn sulfone were identified as the reaction products by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The experimental results might shed light on the chemical behavior of atmospheric ametryn at night-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China.
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23
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Zhang P, Sun W, Li N, Wang Y, Shu J, Yang B, Dong L. Effects of humidity and [NO3]/[N2O5] ratio on the heterogeneous reaction of fluoranthene and pyrene with N2O5/NO3/NO2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13130-7. [PMID: 25329713 DOI: 10.1021/es504508v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFL) and 2-nitropyrene (2-NPY) were two important nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). Especially, 2-NFL was recognized to be the most abundant particle-associated NPAH (Ramdahl et al., 1986). In previous studies, these two products were observed in the gas-phase reaction between N2O5/NO3/NO2 and their parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while the heterogeneous reaction generated other nitro-PAH isomers (1, 3, 7, 8-NFL and 1-NPY) (Atkinson et al. 1990). To clarify the possible reasons for this difference, the heterogeneous reactions of suspended fluoranthene (FL) and pyrene (PY) particles under different relative humidity (RH; 0.5%-43%) and [NO3]/[N2O5] ratios were carried out. Under low humidity (0.5% RH) or a relatively high ratio of [NO3]/[N2O5], 2-NFL and 2-NPY were observed as the major nitro-FL isomers for the first time in the heterogeneous reaction. Decreasing the humidity or increasing the [NO3]/[N2O5] ratio in the reaction essentially increases the concentration radio of [NO3(g)]/[NO2(+)(aq)] on the particle surface (NO2(+) is derived from the ionization of N2O5). Thus, it can be concluded that under different atmospheric conditions, the change of [NO3(g)]/[NO2(+)(aq)] in the particle surface has an influence on the product distribution of FL and PY in the atmosphere. The experimental results provide evidence for the heterogeneous formations of particle-bound 2-NFL and 2-NPY. However, relative to the gas-phase formation, they will be negligible in the real atmosphere. 2-NFL and 2-NPY observed in the ambient particles should mainly derive from deposition of gas-phase reactions. Additionally, this study also clarifies the reason for different nitro-PAHs isomers observed between gas and particulate reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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Miet K, Albinet A, Budzinski H, Villenave E. Atmospheric reactions of 9,10-anthraquinone. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:1-6. [PMID: 24875864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The probably carcinogenic compound 9,10-anthraquinone is mainly existing in the atmosphere in the particulate phase and is often detected and measured among other oxygenated PAHs in atmospheric samples. Its fate, once released or formed in the atmosphere, still remains unknown. In this work, heterogeneous chemical oxidation processes of 9,10-anthraquinone were investigated with ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydroxyl radical (OH). The study of 9,10-anthraquinone adsorbed on silica particles showed no reactivity with O3 and NO2. On the other hand, the reaction with OH radicals was observed and led to the formation of 1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, another oxidation product recognized as possibly carcinogenic to humans. This study showed that reactions with ozone and nitrogen dioxide are unlikely to contribute to atmospheric degradation of 9,10-anthraquinone, whereas reactions with OH radicals could be involved in 9,10-anthraquinone degradation processes, even if such reaction is probably very slow under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Miet
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Albinet
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Eric Villenave
- Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33405 Talence cedex, France.
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Yang B, Liu C, Shu J. Heterogeneous reactions of particulate benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene with NO(3) radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 99:34-40. [PMID: 24210551 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) are widespread priority pollutants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can react with atmospheric oxidants during transport in the troposphere and lead to the formation of more toxic compounds. At present, the rates of heterogeneous reactions of B[b]F and B[k]F aerosols with NO3 radicals, an important atmospheric oxidant, are not fully understood. Thus, this study investigated the products and kinetics of heterogeneous reactions of suspended B[b]F and B[k]F particles with NO3 radicals in an aerosol reaction chamber at room temperature (293±2K) under atmospheric pressure. The reactions are monitored online using a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS) and an atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer. The mono-nitro-, di-nitro-, tri-nitro-products, and those products containing both nitro and ketone groups are observed with VUV-ATOFMS. The effective rate constants for heterogeneous reactions of particulate B[b]F and B[k]F with NO3 radicals under the experimental conditions are respectively estimated to (1.2±0.1)×10(-12)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) and (5.8±0.3)×10(-13)cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) using a mixed-phase relative rate method, and the corresponding effective uptake coefficients are respectively estimated to 0.22 and 0.65. The lifetimes of particulate B[b]F and B[k]F at a typical concentration of NO3 radicals (5×10(8)moleculecm(-3)) in the lower troposphere during the night are estimated to 3.0 and 3.9h, respectively. The experimental results of these heterogeneous reactions in the aerosol state provide supplementary knowledge for kinetic behaviors of airborne PAHs particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Youfeng Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Changgeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinian Shu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Cazoir D, Brigante M, Ammar R, D’Anna B, George C. Heterogeneous photochemistry of gaseous NO2 on solid fluoranthene films: A source of gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) in the urban environment. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jariyasopit N, McIntosh M, Zimmermann K, Arey J, Atkinson R, Cheong PHY, Carter RG, Yu TW, Dashwood RH, Massey Simonich SL. Novel nitro-PAH formation from heterogeneous reactions of PAHs with NO2, NO3/N2O5, and OH radicals: prediction, laboratory studies, and mutagenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:412-9. [PMID: 24350894 PMCID: PMC4125200 DOI: 10.1021/es4043808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reactions of benzo[a]pyrene-d12 (BaP-d12), benzo[k]fluoranthene-d12 (BkF-d12), benzo[ghi]perylene-d12 (BghiP-d12), dibenzo[a,i]pyrene-d14 (DaiP-d14), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DalP) with NO2, NO3/N2O5, and OH radicals were investigated at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in an indoor Teflon chamber and novel mono-NO2-DaiP and mono-NO2-DalP products were identified. Quartz fiber filters (QFF) were used as a reaction surface and the filter extracts were analyzed by GC/MS for nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs) and tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 (with and without metabolic activation). In parallel to the laboratory experiments, a theoretical study was conducted to rationalize the formation of NPAH isomers based on the thermodynamic stability of OH-PAH intermediates, formed from OH-radical-initiated reactions. NO2 and NO3/N2O5 were effective oxidizing agents in transforming PAHs to NPAHs, with BaP-d12 being the most readily nitrated. Reaction of BaP-d12, BkF-d12, and BghiP-d12 with NO2 and NO3/N2O5 resulted in the formation of more than one mononitro isomer product, while the reaction of DaiP-d14 and DalP resulted in the formation of only one mononitro isomer product. The direct-acting mutagenicity increased the most after NO3/N2O5 exposure, particularly for BkF-d12 in which di-NO2-BkF-d10 isomers were measured. The deuterium isotope effect study suggested that substitution of deuterium for hydrogen lowered both the direct and indirect acting mutagenicity of NPAHs and may result in an underestimation of the mutagencity of the novel NPAHs identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Jariyasopit
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Zhang Y, Shu J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of anthracene with selected atmospheric oxidants. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1817-1823. [PMID: 24520724 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of gas-phase anthracene and suspended anthracene particles with O3 and O3-NO were conducted in a 200-L reaction chamber, respectively. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formations from gas-phase reactions of anthracene with O3 and O3-NO were observed. Meanwhile, the size distributions and mass concentrations of SOA were monitored with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) during the formation processes. The rapid exponential growths of SOA reveal that the atmospheric lifetimes of gas-phase anthracene towards O3 and O3-NO are less than 20.5 and 4.34 hr, respectively. The particulate oxidation products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were analyzed with a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS). Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analyses of oxidation products of anthracene were carried out for assigning the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of products from homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Anthrone, anthraquinone, 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene, and 1,9,10-trihydroxyanthracene were the ozonation products of anthracene, while anthrone, anthraquinone, 9-nitroanthracene, and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were the main products of anthracene with O3-NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jinian Shu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zimmermann K, Jariyasopit N, Massey Simonich SL, Tao S, Atkinson R, Arey J. Formation of nitro-PAHs from the heterogeneous reaction of ambient particle-bound PAHs with N2O5/NO3/NO2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8434-42. [PMID: 23865889 PMCID: PMC4167764 DOI: 10.1021/es401789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of ambient particles collected from four sites within the Los Angeles, CA air basin and Beijing, China with a mixture of N2O5, NO2, and NO3 radicals were studied in an environmental chamber at ambient pressure and temperature. Exposures in the chamber system resulted in the degradation of particle-bound PAHs and formation of molecular weight (mw) 247 nitropyrenes (NPYs) and nitrofluoranthenes (NFLs), mw 273 nitrotriphenylenes (NTPs), nitrobenz[a]anthracenes (NBaAs), nitrochrysene (NCHR), and mw 297 nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (NBaP). The distinct isomer distributions resulting from exposure of filter-adsorbed deuterated fluoranthene to N2O5/NO3/NO2 and that collected from the chamber gas-phase suggest that formation of NFLs in ambient particles did not occur by NO3 radical-initiated reaction but from reaction of N2O5, presumably subsequent to its surface adsorption. Accordingly, isomers known to result from gas-phase radical-initiated reactions of parent PAHs, such as 2-NFL and 2- and 4-NPY, were not enhanced from the exposure of ambient particulate matter to N2O5/NO3/NO2. The reactivity of ambient particles toward nitration by N2O5/NO3/NO2, defined by relative 1-NPY formation, varied significantly, with the relative amounts of freshly emitted particles versus aged particles (particles that had undergone atmospheric chemical processing) affecting the reactivity of particle-bound PAHs toward heterogeneous nitration. Analyses of unexposed ambient samples suggested that, in nighttime samples where NO3 radical-initiated chemistry had occurred, heterogeneous formation of 1-NPY on ambient particles may have contributed to the ambient 1-NPY concentrations at downwind receptor sites. These results, together with observations that 2-NFL is consistently the dominant particle-bound nitro-PAH measured in ambient atmospheres, suggest that for PAHs that exist in both the gas- and particle-phase, the heterogeneous formation of particle-bound nitro-PAHs is a minor formation route compared to gas-phase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Zimmermann
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Staci L. Massey Simonich
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University Beijing, China 100871
| | - Roger Atkinson
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
| | - Janet Arey
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, United States
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30
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Keyte IJ, Harrison RM, Lammel G. Chemical reactivity and long-range transport potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – a review. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9333-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang P, Zhang W, Liu C, Shu X, Shu J. Heterogeneous reactions of pirimiphos-methyl and pirimicarb with NO3 radicals. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10802-9. [PMID: 23083006 DOI: 10.1021/jp3071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pirimiphos-methyl (PMM) and pirimicarb (PM) are two typical N,N-dialkyl substituted pyrimidine pesticides. The heterogeneous reactions of suspended PMM and PM particles with NO(3) radicals are investigated using an online aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a real-time atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer. Three products for PMM and five products for PM are observed and assigned with the aid of GC/MS. Phosphoric acid 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl dimethyl ester and 2-(dimethylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrimidine are the main reaction products observed for PMM and PM, respectively. The effective rate constants for the reactions of PMM and PM particles with NO(3) radicals are (9.9 ± 0.3) × 10(-12) and (7.5 ± 0.3) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, obtained using a mixed-phase relative rate method. Geometries and energies of transition states (TS) and intermediates (IM) are obtained by DFT calculation to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the P═S group oxidation into the P═O group for PMM. The theoretical studies present the reasonable intermediates including the S-oxide and the diradical (IM1(a) and IM2(a)). The mechanism explanation may provide useful information for understanding the degradation mechanism of organothionophosphorus compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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32
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Liu C, Zhang P, Yang B, Wang Y, Shu J. Kinetic studies of heterogeneous reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon aerosols with NO₃ radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7575-80. [PMID: 22747347 DOI: 10.1021/es301403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivates are mutagenic and carcinogenic substances widely distributed in the atmospheric environment. In this study, effective rate constants for heterogeneous reactions of NO(3) radicals with five 4-ring PAHs [benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Ch), pyrene (Py), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)] adsorbed on suspended azelaic acid particles are investigated by a mixed-phase relative rate method with gas-phase isoprene as the reference substance. The concentrations of suspended PAH particles and gas-phase isoprene are monitored concurrently by a real-time vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-ATOFMS) and an online atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer, respectively. The obtained effective rate constants for the reactions of BaA, Ch, Py, 1-NP, and 1-OHP particles with NO(3) radicals are 4.3 × 10(-12), 4.0 × 10(-12), 6.4 × 10(-12), 1.3 × 10(-12), and 1.0 × 10(-11) cm(3)·molecule(-1)·s(-1), respectively, and their corresponding atmospheric lifetimes range from several minutes to half an hour at the NO(3) radical concentration of 5 × 10(8) molecules·cm(-3). In addition, the NO(3) uptake coefficients on particulate PAHs are estimated according to the consumption of PAHs under the exposure of NO(3) radicals. The experimental results of these heterogeneous reactions in the aerosol state provide supplementary knowledge for kinetic behaviors of airborne PAHs particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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33
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Hoh E, Hunt RN, Quintana PJE, Zakarian JM, Chatfield DA, Wittry BC, Rodriguez E, Matt GE. Environmental tobacco smoke as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in settled household dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4174-83. [PMID: 22397504 DOI: 10.1021/es300267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke is a major contributor to indoor air pollution. Dust and surfaces may remain contaminated long after active smoking has ceased (called 'thirdhand' smoke). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke found in settled house dust (SHD). We investigated whether tobacco smoke is a source of PAHs in SHD. House dust was collected from 132 homes in urban areas of Southern California. Total PAHs were significantly higher in smoker homes than nonsmoker homes (by concentration: 990 ng/g vs 756 ng/g, p = 0.025; by loading: 1650 ng/m(2) vs 796 ng/m(2), p = 0.012). We also found significant linear correlations between nicotine and total PAH levels in SHD (concentration, R(2) = 0.105; loading, R(2) = 0.385). Dust collected per square meter (g/m(2)) was significantly greater in smoker homes and might dilute PAH concentration in SHD inconsistently. Therefore, dust PAH loading (ng PAH/m(2)) is a better indicator of PAH content in SHD. House dust PAH loadings in the bedroom and living room in the same home were significantly correlated (R(2) = 0.468, p < 0.001) suggesting PAHs are distributed by tobacco smoke throughout a home. In conclusion, tobacco smoke is a source of PAHs in SHD, and tobacco smoke generated PAHs are a component of thirdhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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35
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Abbatt JPD, Lee AKY, Thornton JA. Quantifying trace gas uptake to tropospheric aerosol: recent advances and remaining challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6555-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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George C, D’Anna B, Herrmann H, Weller C, Vaida V, Donaldson DJ, Bartels-Rausch T, Ammann M. Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 339:1-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Lu JW, Morris JR. Gas–Surface Scattering Dynamics of CO2, NO2, and O3in Collisions with Model Organic Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6194-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111395z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Ammar R, Monge ME, George C, D'Anna B. Photoenhanced NO2 loss on simulated urban grime. Chemphyschem 2011; 11:3956-61. [PMID: 20872392 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous NO(2) and solid pyrene/KNO(3) films, used as a simplified proxy of urban grime. This reaction is investigated under simulated atmospheric conditions with respect to relative humidity, NO(2) concentration and irradiation in a coated-wall flow-tube reactor. The geometric steady-state uptake coefficients γ(geo) for pyrene/KNO(3) films exposed to 50 ppbv of NO(2) ranged from 1.12×10(-7) in the dark to 2.67×10(-6) under near-UV irradiation (300-420 nm) and decreased with increasing NO(2) concentration in the range 30-120 ppbv. NO(2) removal is linearly dependent on light intensity, with release of gas-phase NO and HONO. Analysis of the solid film by ion chromatography and GC-MS showed the formation of nitrite ions and traces of 1-nitropyrene. A light-induced reaction mechanism is proposed. The results discussed herein suggest that PAH-containing urban grime on windows and buildings may be a key player in urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Ammar
- Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), UMR5256, Université de Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, 69626 France
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Lu JW, Flores JM, Lavi A, Abo-Riziq A, Rudich Y. Changes in the optical properties of benzo[a]pyrene-coated aerosols upon heterogeneous reactions with NO2 and NO3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6484-92. [PMID: 21373662 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reactions can alter the chemical, physical, and optical properties of aerosols. It has been postulated that nitration of aerosols can account for atmospheric absorbance over urban areas. To study this potentially important process, the change in optical properties of laboratory-generated benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-coated aerosols following exposure to NO(2) and NO(3) was investigated at 355 nm and 532 nm by three aerosol analysis techniques. The extinction coefficient was determined at 355 nm and 532 nm from cavity ring-down aerosol spectroscopy (CRD-AS); the absorption coefficient was measured by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) at 532 nm, while an on-line aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) supplied real-time quantitative information about the chemical composition of aerosols. In this study, 240 nm polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres were thinly coated with BaP to form 300 or 310 nm aerosols that were exposed to high concentrations of NO(2) and NO(3) and measured with CRD-AS, PAS, and the AMS. The extinction efficiencies (Q(ext)) changed after exposure to NO(2) and NO(3) at both wavelengths. Prior to reaction, Q(ext) for the 355 nm and 532 nm wavelengths were 4.36 ± 0.04 and 2.39 ± 0.05, respectively, and Q(ext) increased to 5.26 ± 0.04 and 2.79 ± 0.05 after exposure. The absorption cross-section at 532 nm, determined with PAS, reached σ(abs) = (0.039 ± 0.001) × 10(-8) cm(2), indicating that absorption increased with formation of nitro-BaP, the main reaction product detected by the AMS. The single-scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of particle scattering efficiency, decreased from 1 to 0.85 ± 0.03, showing that changes in the optical properties of BaP-covered aerosols due to nitration may have implications for regional radiation budget and, hence, climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Lu
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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40
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Iannone R, Xiao S, Bertram AK. Potentially important nighttime heterogeneous chemistry: NO3 with aldehydes and N2O5 with alcohols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10214-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Knopf DA, Forrester SM, Slade JH. Heterogeneous oxidation kinetics of organic biomass burning aerosol surrogates by O3, NO2, N2O5, and NO3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:21050-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles play pivotal roles in climate and air quality. Just as chemically reduced gases experience oxidation in the atmosphere, it is now apparent that solid and liquid atmospheric particulates are also subject to similar oxidative processes. The most reactive atmospheric gas-phase radicals, in particular the hydroxyl radical, readily promote such chemistry through surficial interactions. This Review looks at progress made in this field, discussing the radical-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. We focus on the kinetics and reaction mechanisms of such processes as well as how they can affect the physico-chemical properties of particles, such as their composition, size, density and hygroscopicity. Potential impacts on the atmosphere include the release of chemically reactive gases such as halogens, aldehydes and organic acids, reactive loss of particle-borne molecular tracer and toxic species, and enhanced hygroscopic properties of aerosols that may improve their ability to form cloud droplets.
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Abstract
Abstract
This experimental study deals with heterogeneous reactions of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radicals. BaP was adsorbed on silica particles chosen here as a model of mineral atmospheric particles. Compound extractions were assisted by focused microwave and analyses were performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy in single ion monitoring mode. Pseudo-first order rate constants were obtained from the fit of experimental decays of particulate-BaP concentration versus reaction time. Second order rate constants were determined considering the different oxidant gaseous concentrations except for the case of hydroxyl radicals where only a pseudo-first order rate constant was proposed. Values obtained at room temperature are (2.1±0.5)×10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for (BaP + ozone), (5.8±1.4)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for (BaP + nitrogen dioxide) and (3.4±0.8)×10−2 s−1 for (BaP + OH) reactions. Products have only been investigated for the NO2 and the OH (in the presence of NOx) reactions. 1-, 3- and 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrenes were detected as degradation products and quantified. Reaction rate constants for product formation are (3.7±0.9)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 6-NBaP, (2.2±0.6)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 1-NBaP and (5.3±1.3)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 3-NBaP. 1-, 3- and 6-nitroBaP account respectively for approximately 5%, 12% and 83% of total nitrated species. If in the presence of only nitrogen dioxide, BaP was totally degraded within few minutes, only 20 to 25 % of the initial BaP led to nitrated compounds when reacting with OH (in the presence of NOx).
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Brigante M, Charbouillot T, Vione D, Mailhot G. Photochemistry of 1-Nitronaphthalene: A Potential Source of Singlet Oxygen and Radical Species in Atmospheric Waters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2830-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910203y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Brigante
- Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, CNRS, UMR 6505, F-63177 Aubière, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiffany Charbouillot
- Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, CNRS, UMR 6505, F-63177 Aubière, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, CNRS, UMR 6505, F-63177 Aubière, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, CNRS, UMR 6505, F-63177 Aubière, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Abstract
Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their surfaces lead to the heterogeneous conversion of several key trace gases; for example NO(2) interacts with soot and is converted into HONO, which rapidly photodissociates to form OH in the troposphere. In the dark, soot surfaces are rapidly deactivated under atmospheric conditions, leading to the current understanding that soot chemistry affects tropospheric chemical composition only in a minor way. We demonstrate here that the conversion of NO(2) to HONO on soot particles is drastically enhanced in the presence of artificial solar radiation, and leads to persistent reactivity over long periods. Soot photochemistry may therefore be a key player in urban air pollution.
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Paul D, Furgeson A, Osthoff HD. Measurements of total peroxy and alkyl nitrate abundances in laboratory-generated gas samples by thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:114101. [PMID: 19947740 DOI: 10.1063/1.3258204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel measurement technique, thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (TD-CRDS), for rapid (1 s time resolution) and sensitive (precision approximately 100 parts per trillion by volume (10(-12); pptv)) quantification of total peroxy nitrate (SigmaPN) and total alkyl nitrate (SigmaAN) abundances in laboratory-generated gas mixtures is described. The organic nitrates are dissociated in a heated inlet to produce NO(2), whose concentration is monitored by pulsed-laser CRDS at 532 nm. Mixing ratios are determined by difference relative to a cold inlet reference channel. Conversion of laboratory-generated mixtures of AN in zero air (at an inlet temperature of 450 degrees C) is quantitative over a wide range of mixing ratios (0-100 parts per billion by volume (10(-9), ppbv)), as judged from simultaneous measurements of NO(y) using a commercial NO-O(3) chemiluminescence monitor. Conversion of PN is quantitative up to about 4 ppbv (at an inlet temperature of 250 degrees C); at higher concentrations, the measurements are affected by recombination reactions of the dissociation products. The results imply that TD-CRDS can be used as a generic detector of dilute mixtures of organic nitrates in air at near-ambient concentration levels in laboratory experiments. Potential applications of the TD-CRDS technique in the laboratory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Stokes GY, Chen EH, Buchbinder AM, Paxton WF, Keeley A, Geiger FM. Atmospheric Heterogeneous Stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13733-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904206t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Ehow H. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Avram M. Buchbinder
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Walter F. Paxton
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Alison Keeley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Cowen S, Al-Abadleh HA. DRIFTS studies on the photodegradation of tannic acid as a model for HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7838-47. [PMID: 19727490 DOI: 10.1039/b905236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Humic like substances (HULIS) are important components of atmospheric aerosols, yet little is known about their photochemical transformation and the role of adsorbed water in this photochemistry. We report herein in situ and surface-sensitive spectroscopic studies on (1) the photodegradation of solid tannic acid, (2) structure of adsorbed water before and after photodegradation, and (3) the change in the hydrophilicity of tannic acid as a result of this photochemistry. Tannic acid (TA) was chosen as a synthetic proxy for HULIS because it has a defined molecular structure. Photochemical studies were conducted using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) as a function of time (3 h), relative humidity (5-30%) and total irradiance (7, 20, 290 W m(-2) at 555 nm). Water adsorption isotherm measurements were recorded before and after photodegradation, which provided information on the structure of interfacial water and the thermodynamics of adsorption. The structure of water adsorbed on TA resembles that of water at the interface with polar organic solvents. Difference spectral data collected during irradiation shows loss features in the 1700-1000 cm(-1) range and growth in carbonyl features that are blue shifted relative to the starting material, suggesting oxidative photodegradation of TA and formation of aryl aldehydes. Under our experimental conditions, we observed no enhancement in water uptake after photodegradation relative to that on unirradiated samples. The implications of our results to the understanding of heterogeneous photochemistry of HULIS and the role of adsorbed water in these reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cowen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Gross S, Bertram AK. Products and kinetics of the reactions of an alkane monolayer and a terminal alkene monolayer with NO3radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Gross S, Iannone R, Xiao S, Bertram AK. Reactive uptake studies of NO3 and N2O5 on alkenoic acid, alkanoate, and polyalcohol substrates to probe nighttime aerosol chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7792-803. [DOI: 10.1039/b904741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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