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Sapia J, Vanni S. Molecular dynamics simulations of intracellular lipid droplets: a new tool in the toolbox. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1143-1153. [PMID: 38627196 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous intracellular organelles with a central role in multiple lipid metabolic pathways. However, identifying correlations between their structural properties and their biological activity has proved challenging, owing to their unique physicochemical properties as compared with other cellular membranes. In recent years, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a computational methodology allowing the accurate description of molecular assemblies down to their individual components, have been demonstrated to be a useful and powerful approach for studying LD structural and dynamical properties. In this short review, we attempt to highlight, as comprehensively as possible, how MD simulations have contributed to our current understanding of multiple molecular mechanisms involved in LD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sapia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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2
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Golodnizky D, Bernardes CES, Davidovich-Pinhas M. Isotropic liquid state of cocoa butter. Food Chem 2024; 439:138066. [PMID: 38035493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The complex crystal structure of coca butter (CB) is responsible for the unique melting behavior, surface gloss, and mechanical properties of chocolate. While most studies concentrated on the crystalline state of CB, few studied the isotropic liquid state, which has a major impact on the crystallization process and the characteristics of the resulting crystals. In this study, the molecular organizations of the main CB triacylglycerols (TAGs; 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol, palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoylglycerol, POS, and 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol) were studied. The findings revealed the tunning-fork (Tf) conformation, commonly found in the crystalline state, is the least abundant in the isotropic liquid state of CB and pure TAGs. Notably, POS was found to interact with itself in CB, while its molecules with Tf conformation, although in small amounts in the mixture, tend to pair with each other at lower temperatures. These results highlight the significance of POS in CB crystallization and provide insights for developing CB alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Golodnizky
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Carlos E S Bernardes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maya Davidovich-Pinhas
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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3
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Revanasiddappa PD. Structural insights on the deformations induced by various mutations on cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Biophys Chem 2023; 301:107093. [PMID: 37639752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) is a plasma glycoprotein that intervenes the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by equimolar exchange of Cholesteryl esters (CE) and Triglycerides (TGs) between anti-atherogenic High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) and pro-atherogenic Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) resulting in the increased concentration of CEs in LDL. This is a potential cause for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels leading to fatality. Therefore, blocking the function of CETP has emerged as a novel strategy for suppressing atherosclerotic plaques. The crystal structure of CETP revealed two Cholesteryl esters (CEs) in the hydrophobic tunnel and two phospholipids (PLs) plugged on the concave surface. Previous lipid transfer assay experimental studies have shown a substantial reduction in the neutral lipid transfer in [R201S] and [I443W, V198W] mutants. However, the protein conformational arrangements due to the mutations present in the CETP system leading to a decrease in the transfer rate of neutral lipids is not explored. Thus, I explored the reason behind the decreased transfer rate in mutants using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations. Resulting evidences show that R201S mutant induces unfavorable bending angle to CETP with a decreased binding efficiency between N-terminal phospholipid of CETP with S201. Also, an unfavorable conformation state of TGs is formed which makes them difficult to transfer across CETP. Likewise, [I443W, V198W] mutant induces unfavorable CE, TG, and bending angle conformation to CETP impeding neutral lipid transfer. Thus, my results provide sufficient insights on the causation for a decreased transfer rate as reported earlier. The detailed understanding obtained here could help in developing a new strategy in preventing the function of CETP by blocking the role of potential hot spot residues.
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4
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Golodnizky D, Shmidov Y, Bitton R, Bernardes CE, Davidovich-Pinhas M. Isotropic liquid state of triacylglycerols. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Campomanes P, Prabhu J, Zoni V, Vanni S. Recharging your fats: CHARMM36 parameters for neutral lipids triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34939045 PMCID: PMC8651513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Neutral lipids (NLs) are an abundant class of cellular lipids. They are characterized by the total lack of charged chemical groups in their structure, and, as a consequence, they play a major role in intracellular lipid storage. NLs that carry a glycerol backbone, such as triacylglycerols (TGs) and diacylglycerols (DGs), are also involved in the biosynthetic pathway of cellular phospholipids, and they have recently been the subject of numerous structural investigations by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. However, conflicting results on the physicochemical behavior of NLs were observed depending on the nature of the atomistic force field used. Here, we show that current phospholipid-derived CHARMM36 parameters for DGs and TGs cannot adequately reproduce interfacial properties of these NLs because of excessive hydrophilicity at the glycerol-ester region. By following a CHARMM36-consistent parameterization strategy, we develop improved parameters for both TGs and DGs that are compatible with both cutoff-based and particle mesh Ewald schemes for the treatment of Lennard-Jones interactions. We show that our improved parameters can reproduce interfacial properties of NLs and their behavior in more complex lipid assemblies. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of intracellular lipid storage and NLs’ cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Campomanes
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Janak Prabhu
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Zoni
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Chemin du Musée 10, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Verevkin SP, Kondratev SO, Zaitsau DH, Zherikova KV, Ludwig R. Quantification and understanding of non-covalent interactions in molecular and ionic systems: Dispersion interactions and hydrogen bonding analysed by thermodynamic methods. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Pink DA, Ladd-Parada M, Marangoni AG, Mazzanti G. Crystal Memory near Discontinuous Triacylglycerol Phase Transitions: Models, Metastable Regimes, and Critical Points. Molecules 2020; 25:E5631. [PMID: 33265970 PMCID: PMC7729506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that "crystal memory", observed in a discontinuous solid-liquid phase transition of saturated triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, is due to the coexistence of solid TAG crystalline phases and a liquid TAG phase, in a superheated metastable regime. Such a coexistence has been detected. Solid crystals can act as heterogeneous nuclei onto which molecules can condense as the temperature is lowered. We outlined a mathematical model, with a single phase transition, that shows how the time-temperature observations can be explained, makes predictions, and relates them to recent experimental data. A modified Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation is used to predict time-temperature relations for the observation of "crystal memory" and to show boundaries beyond which "crystal memory" is not observed. A plot of the lifetime of a metastable state versus temperature, using the modified VFT equation, agrees with recent time-temperature data. The model can be falsified through its predictions: the model possesses a critical point and we outline a procedure describing how it could be observed by changing the hydrocarbon chain length. We make predictions about how thermodynamic functions will change as the critical point is reached and as the system enters a crossover regime. The model predicts that the phenomenon of "crystal memory" will not be observed unless the system is cooled from a superheated metastable regime associated with a discontinuous phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Pink
- Physics Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Mazzanti
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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8
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Filipe HAL, Esteves MIM, Henriques CA, Antunes FE. Effect of Protein Flexibility from Coarse-Grained Elastic Network Parameterizations on the Calculation of Free Energy Profiles of Ligand Binding. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4734-4743. [PMID: 32496775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of the affinity and binding mechanism of specific molecules to a protein active site is scientifically and industrially relevant for many applications. In principle, this information can be obtained using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by calculating the free energy profile of the process. However, this is a computationally demanding calculation. Currently, coarse-grained (CG) force fields are very well implemented for MD simulations of biomolecular systems. These computationally efficient force fields are a major advantage to the study of large model systems and/or those requiring long simulation times. The Martini model is currently one of the most popular CG force fields for these systems. For the specific case of protein simulations, to correctly maintain the macromolecular three-dimensional structure, the Martini model needs to include an elastic network (EN). In this work, the effect of protein flexibility, as induced by three EN models compatible with the Martini force field, was tested on the calculation of free energy profiles for protein-ligand binding. The EN models used were ElNeDyn, GoMartini, and GEN. The binding of triolein (TOG) and triacetin (TAG) to a lipase protein (thermomyces lanuginosa lipase-TLL) was used as a case study. The results show that inclusion of greater flexibility in the CG parameterization of proteins is of high importance in the calculation of the free energy profiles of protein-ligand systems. However, care must be taken in order to avoid unjustified large protein deformations. In addition, due to molecular flexibility there may be no absolute need for the center of the ligand to reach the center of the protein-binding site. The calculation of the energy profile to a distance of about 0.5 nm from the active site center can be sufficient to differentiate the affinity of different ligands to a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A L Filipe
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Margarida I M Esteves
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - César A Henriques
- EcoXperience, HIESE, Quinta Vale do Espinhal, Penela 3230-343, Portugal
| | - Filipe E Antunes
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
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9
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Pink DL, Loruthai O, Ziolek RM, Wasutrasawat P, Terry AE, Lawrence MJ, Lorenz CD. On the Structure of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903156. [PMID: 31532892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have a crystalline lipid core which is stabilized by interfacial surfactants. SLNs are considered favorable candidates for drug delivery vehicles since their ability to store and release organic molecules can be tailored through the identity of the lipids and surfactants used. When stored, polymorphic transitions in the core of drug-loaded SLNs lead to the premature release of drug molecules. Significant experimental studies have been conducted with the aim of investigating the physicochemical properties of SLNs, however, no molecular scale investigations have been reported on the behaviors that drive SLN formation and their polymorphic transitions. A combination of small angle neutron scattering and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations is therefore used to yield a detailed atomistic description of the internal structure of an SLN comprising triglyceride, tripalmitin, and the nonionic surfactant, Brij O10 (C18:1 E10 ). The molecular scale mechanisms by which the surfactants stabilize the crystalline structure of the SLN lipid core are uncovered. By comparing these results to simulated liquid and solid aggregates of tripalmitin lipids, how the morphology of the lipids vary between these systems is demonstrated providing further insight into the mechanisms that control drug encapsulation and release from SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi L Pink
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Orathai Loruthai
- Pharmaceutical Biophysics Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SW1 9NH, UK
| | - Robert M Ziolek
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Prawarisa Wasutrasawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ann E Terry
- CoSAXS Beamline, MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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10
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Green NL, Euston SR, Rousseau D. Interfacial ordering of tristearin induced by glycerol monooleate and PGPR: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:107-113. [PMID: 30952016 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of surfactant structure on the ordering of bulk tristearin at an oil-water interface. In the absence of surfactant, tristearin acyl chains are marginally aligned normal to the interface. The surfactant glycerol monooleate (GMO), a common small-molecule monoacylglycerol (MW: 357 g/mol), preferentially adsorbs to the oil-water interface, displacing more of the tristearin as its concentration increases. The tristearin that remains at the interface is closely aligned normal to the interface. Adjacent to the interface, bulk tristearin increasingly aligns with its acyl chains entwined with the GMO acyl chain, which also preferentially aligns normal to the interface. In contrast, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), a bulkier, polymeric surfactant (MW: 1398 g/mol for a molecule with five monomers), both displaces tristearin from the interface and reduces the alignment of the molecules that remain. We suggest that the similar fatty acid moieties of GMO (oleic acid) and tristearin (stearic acid) lead to liquid-state association and alignment, the latter of which can then serve as a template onto which tristearin crystals can nucleate. Conversely, by both displacing tristearin from the interface and reducing alignment below that of the surfactant-free system, PGPR eliminates the possibility of tristearin interfacial crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Green
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen R Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
| | - Dérick Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
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11
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Tascini AS, Noro MG, Seddon JM, Chen R, Bresme F. Mechanisms of lipid extraction from skin lipid bilayers by sebum triglycerides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1471-1477. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05706k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microsecond computations identify the pathways leading to the extraction of skin lipids by sebum triglycerides and the associated energetic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
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12
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Chen G, Huang K, Miao M, Feng B, Campanella OH. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Mechanism Elucidation of Food Processing and Safety: State of the Art. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:243-263. [PMID: 33337012 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a useful technique to study the interaction between molecules and how they are affected by various processes and processing conditions. This review summarizes the application of MD simulations in food processing and safety, with an emphasis on the effects that emerging nonthermal technologies (for example, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field) have on the molecular and structural characteristics of foods and biomaterials. The advances and potential projection of MD simulations in the science and engineering aspects of food materials are discussed and focused on research work conducted to study the effects of emerging technologies on food components. It is expected by showing key case studies that it will stir novel developments as a valuable tool to study the effects of emerging food technologies on biomaterials. This review is useful to food researchers and the food industry, as well as researchers and practitioners working on flavor and nutraceutical encapsulations, dietary carbohydrate product developments, modified starches, protein engineering, and other novel food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Dept. of Food Science, Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ., 745 Agriculture Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47906, U.S.A
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13
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Pizzirusso A, Peyronel F, Co ED, Marangoni AG, Milano G. Molecular Insights into the Eutectic Tripalmitin/Tristearin Binary System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12405-12414. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pizzirusso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fernanda Peyronel
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Edmund D. Co
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa, Yamagata-ken 992-8510, Japan
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14
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Tascini AS, Noro MG, Chen R, Seddon JM, Bresme F. Understanding the interactions between sebum triglycerides and water: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1848-1860. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06889a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sebum triglycerides actively contribute to the water transport across the sebum layerviathe percolating network of triglyceride head groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
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15
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Stamm A, Svendsen A, Skjold-Jørgensen J, Vissing T, Berts I, Nylander T. The triolein/aqueous interface and lipase activity studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry and coarse grained simulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 211:37-43. [PMID: 29129569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the importance of the triglyceride aqueous interface for processes like emulsification, surfactant interactions and lipase activity, relatively little is known about this interface compared to that between alkanes and water. Here, the contact between triolein and water was investigated in terms of water inclusion in the oil phase and orientation of the molecules at the interface. Coarse grained models of triglycerides in contact with water were constructed and correlated with experimental results of the changes in thickness and refractive index, obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry of spin-coated triolein films. The topography of the layer was revealed by atomic force microscopy. Dry triolein and a triolein sample after equilibration with water were also compared structurally using small-angle X-ray scattering. Additionally, the kinetics of adsorption/activity of three different variants of the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) were investigated. The results show that uptake of water in the triolein phase leads to increase in thickness of the layer. The observed increase of thickness was further enhanced by an active lipase but reduced when an inactive mutant of the enzyme was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stamm
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Novozymes A/S, Brudelysvej 26, DK-2880 Bagværd, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ida Berts
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Chirasani VR, Senapati S. How cholesteryl ester transfer protein can also be a potential triglyceride transporter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6159. [PMID: 28733595 PMCID: PMC5522405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CETP transfers cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs) between different lipoproteins and came in limelight as a drug-target against CVD. In the search for detailed mechanism of lipid transfer through CETP, enormous effort is devoted employing crystallographic, cryo-EM, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) studies. However, these studies primarily focused on CE-bound CETP structure and CE transfer mechanism. With the reported correlation that CETP looses significant CE transfer activity upon inhibiting TG transfer, it is of tremendous importance to understand the structure and dynamics of TG-bound CETP. Our results from large-scale all-atom and coarse-grained MD simulations show that CETP can accommodate two TG molecules in parallel N-N orientation with TG oleate chains majorly attaining the tuning-fork conformation. In TG-bound form, CETP not only maintained its secondary structures but also exhibited similar bending-twisting motions as reported for CE-CETP crystal structure. Obtained structural information are further validated by correlating to available functional data of 2-8 fold slower transfer rate of TG through CETP, where we show that TGs make 20% additional contacts with CETP compared to CEs. Identified CETP residues facilitating TG binding also match very well with reported mutagenesis data. The study could accelerate the drug-designing processes to combat CETP functionality and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Chirasani
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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17
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Bacle A, Gautier R, Jackson CL, Fuchs PFJ, Vanni S. Interdigitation between Triglycerides and Lipids Modulates Surface Properties of Lipid Droplets. Biophys J 2017; 112:1417-1430. [PMID: 28402884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are the main cellular site of metabolic energy storage. Their structure is unique inside the cell, with a core of esterified fatty acids and sterols, mainly triglycerides and sterol esters, surrounded by a single monolayer of phospholipids. Numerous peripheral proteins, including several that were previously associated with intracellular compartments surrounded by a lipid bilayer, have been recently shown to target the surface of LDs, but how they are able to selectively target this organelle remains largely unknown. Here, we use atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular properties of the LD surface and to characterize how it differs from that of a lipid bilayer. Our data suggest that although several surface properties are remarkably similar between the two structures, key differences originate from the interdigitation between surface phospholipids and core neutral lipids that occurs in LDs. This property is extremely sensitive to membrane undulations, unlike in lipid bilayers, and it strongly affects both lipid-packing defects and the lateral pressure profile. We observed a marked change in overall surface properties for surface tensions >10 mN/m, indicative of a bimodal behavior. Our simulations provide a comprehensive molecular characterization of the unique surface properties of LDs and suggest how the molecular properties of the surface lipid monolayer can be modulated by the underlying neutral lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bacle
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Romain Gautier
- Université Cote d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Catherine L Jackson
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick F J Fuchs
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Stefano Vanni
- Université Cote d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Hughes ZE, Walsh TR. Elucidating the mechanisms of nanodiamond-promoted structural disruption of crystallised lipid. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8338-8347. [PMID: 27722729 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal or structural disruption of crystallised lipid is a pivotal but energy-intensive step in a wide range of industrial and biological processes. Strategies to disrupt the structure of crystallised lipid in aqueous solution at lower temperatures are much needed, where nanoparticle-based strategies show enormous promise. Using the aqueous tristearin bilayer as a model for crystallised lipid, we demonstrate that the synergistic use of surfactant and detonation nanodiamonds can depress the onset temperature at which disruption of the crystallised lipid structure occurs. Our simulations reveal the molecular-scale mechanisms by which this disruption takes place, indicating that the nanodiamonds serve a dual purpose. First, the nanodiamonds are predicted to facilitate delivery of surfactant to the lipid/water interface, and second, nanodiamond adsorption acts to roughen the lipid/water interface, enhancing ingress of surfactant into the bilayer. We find the balance of the hydrophobic surface area of the nanodiamond and the nanodiamond surface charge density to be a key determinant of the effectiveness of using nanodiamonds to facilitate lipid disruption. For the nanodiamond size considered here, we identify a moderate surface charge density, that ensures the nanodiamonds are neither too hydrophobic nor too hydrophilic, to be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak E Hughes
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Tiffany R Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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19
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Lei D, Rames M, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang S, Ren G. Insights into the Tunnel Mechanism of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein through All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14034-14044. [PMID: 27143480 PMCID: PMC4933163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.715565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer from the atheroprotective high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to the atherogenic low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the past decade, this property has driven the development of CETP inhibitors, which have been evaluated in large scale clinical trials for treating cardiovascular diseases. Despite the pharmacological interest, little is known about the fundamental mechanism of CETP in CE transfer. Recent electron microscopy (EM) experiments have suggested a tunnel mechanism, and molecular dynamics simulations have shown that the flexible N-terminal distal end of CETP penetrates into the HDL surface and takes up a CE molecule through an open pore. However, it is not known whether a CE molecule can completely transfer through an entire CETP molecule. Here, we used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate this possibility. The results showed that a hydrophobic tunnel inside CETP is sufficient to allow a CE molecule to completely transfer through the entire CETP within a predicted transfer time and at a rate comparable with those obtained through physiological measurements. Analyses of the detailed interactions revealed several residues that might be critical for CETP function, which may provide important clues for the effective development of CETP inhibitors and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Lei
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Matthew Rames
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Xing Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.
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20
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Pan L, Segrest JP. Computational studies of plasma lipoprotein lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2401-2420. [PMID: 26969087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins are macromolecular assemblies of proteins and lipids found in the blood. The lipid components of lipoproteins are amphipathic lipids such as phospholipids (PLs), and unesterified cholesterols (UCs) and hydrophobic lipids such as cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs). Since lipoproteins are soft matter supramolecular assemblies easily deformable by thermal fluctuations and they also exist in varying densities and protein/lipid components, a detailed understanding of their structure/function is experimentally difficult. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has emerged as a particularly promising way to explore the structure and dynamics of lipoproteins. The purpose of this review is to survey the current status of computational studies of the lipid components of the lipoproteins. Computational studies aim to explore three levels of complexity for the 3-dimensional structural dynamics of lipoproteins at various metabolic stages: (i) lipoprotein particles consist of protein with minimal lipid; (ii) lipoprotein particles consist of PL-rich discoidal bilayer-like lipid particles; (iii) mature circulating lipoprotein particles consist of CE-rich or TG-rich spheroidal lipid-droplet-like particles. Due to energy barriers involved in conversion between these species, other biomolecules also participate in lipoprotein biological assembly. For example: (i) lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) interacts with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to produce nascent discoidal high density lipoprotein (dHDL) particles; (ii) lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mediates the conversion of UC to CE in dHDL, driving spheroidal HDL (sHDL) formation; (iii) transfer proteins, cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), transfer both CE and TG and PL, respectively, between lipoprotein particles. Computational studies have the potential to explore different lipoprotein particles at each metabolic stage in atomistic detail. This review discusses the current status of computational methods including all-atom MD (AAMD), coarse-grain MD (CGMD), and MD-simulated annealing (MDSA) and their applications in lipoprotein structural dynamics and biological assemblies. Results from MD simulations are discussed and compared across studies in order to identify key findings, controversies, issues and future directions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Pan
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, & Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, & Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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21
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Hughes ZE, Walsh TR. Tristearin bilayers: structure of the aqueous interface and stability in the presence of surfactants. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations predict that sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate surfactant molecules embed themselves in a tristearin bilayer, packing commensurate with the hexagonally packed lattice formed by the acyl tails of tristearin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak E. Hughes
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
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22
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Peyronel F, Pink DA, Marangoni AG. Triglyceride nanocrystal aggregation into polycrystalline colloidal networks: Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, models and computer simulation. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V. Chaban
- MEMPHYS − Center for Biomembrane Physics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense M., 5230, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- MEMPHYS − Center for Biomembrane Physics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense M., 5230, Denmark
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Razul MSG, MacDougall CJ, Hanna CB, Marangoni AG, Peyronel F, Papp-Szabo E, Pink DA. Oil binding capacities of triacylglycerol crystalline nanoplatelets: nanoscale models of tristearin solids in liquid triolein. Food Funct 2014; 5:2501-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline particles composed of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules, and their networks, in anhydrous TAG oils find extensive use as edible oils in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandro G. Marangoni
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Physics
- Department of Food Science
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | - Fernanda Peyronel
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Physics
- Department of Food Science
- University of Guelph
- Guelph, Canada
| | | | - David A. Pink
- Physics Department
- St.Francis Xavier University
- Antigonish, Canada
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Physics
- Department of Food Science
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25
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Greiner M, Sonnleitner B, Mailänder M, Briesen H. Modeling complex and multi-component food systems in molecular dynamics simulations on the example of chocolate conching. Food Funct 2014; 5:235-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Greiner M, Reilly AM, Briesen H. Temperature- and pressure-dependent densities, self-diffusion coefficients, and phase behavior of monoacid saturated triacylglycerides: toward molecular-level insights into processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5243-5249. [PMID: 22500590 DOI: 10.1021/jf3004898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations the densities and self-diffusion coefficients of a range of liquid monoacid triacylglycerides (TAGs) have been studied as a function of temperature and, for the first time, pressure. While offset by their ambient properties, the response of the TAGs to temperature and pressure is qualitatively similar. Application of pressure was found to significantly increase densities and reduce diffusion of the TAG molecules, suggesting that it may have as much a role in processing and crystallizing TAGs as supercooling does. A solution of glycerol tripalmitate and glycerol trihexanoate was also studied, showing that application of pressure should lead to a significant decrease in the saturation point of the solution, which is an important consideration for processing TAGs. Different solid/liquid interfaces of glycerol tripalmitate have also been investigated. Although crystal growth could not be observed, dissolution of one interface was seen in the MD simulations. The results suggest that over moderate distances the melting of TAGs may be cooperative in nature, rather than involving dissolution of individual TAG molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Greiner
- Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München , Weihenstephaner Steig 23, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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27
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Brasiello A, Crescitelli S, Milano G. A multiscale approach to triglycerides simulations: from atomistic to coarse-grained models and back. Faraday Discuss 2012; 158:479-92; discussion 493-522. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20037f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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MacDougall CJ, Razul MS, Papp-Szabo E, Peyronel F, Hanna CB, Marangoni AG, Pink DA. Nanoscale characteristics of triacylglycerol oils: phase separation and binding energies of two-component oils to crystalline nanoplatelets. Faraday Discuss 2012; 158:425-33; discussion 493-522. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20039b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Dynamic molecular movements and aggregation structures of lipids in a liquid state. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Brasiello A, Crescitelli S, Milano G. Development of a coarse-grained model for simulations of tridecanoin liquid-solid phase transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16618-28. [PMID: 21858376 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel coarse-grained models for molecular dynamics of tridecanoin melts are here proposed as results of a coarse-graining step procedure. The procedure is implemented to develop three coarse-grained models of increasing number of particle types from two to four. Force fields are computed by minimization of the deviations of appropriate distribution functions of the coarse-grained models from those of a reference atomistic one. Density, diffusivity and shear viscosity are computed by numerical simulation and compared with experimental values. The ability of each model to describe liquid-solid transitions is also analyzed. In particular, the model with four types of coarse-grained beads shows a transition from a liquid to a crystal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Brasiello
- University of Salerno, Department of Industrial Engineering, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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31
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Abstract
In this article, we provide an overview of lipid simulations, describing how a computer can be used as a laboratory for lipid research. We briefly discuss the methodology of lipid simulations followed by a number of topical applications that show the benefit of computer modeling for complementing experiments. In particular, we show examples of cases in which simulations have made predictions of novel phenomena that have later been confirmed by experimental studies. Overall, the applications discussed in this article focus on the most recent state of the art and aim to provide a perspective of where the field of lipid simulations stands at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Finland.
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32
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Philippaerts A, Paulussen S, Breesch A, Turner S, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Sels B, Jacobs P. Unprecedented Shape Selectivity in Hydrogenation of Triacylglycerol Molecules with Pt/ZSM-5 Zeolite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Philippaerts A, Paulussen S, Breesch A, Turner S, Lebedev OI, Van Tendeloo G, Sels B, Jacobs P. Unprecedented shape selectivity in hydrogenation of triacylglycerol molecules with Pt/ZSM-5 zeolite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3947-9. [PMID: 21425219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Philippaerts
- Dept. M2S, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Vuorela T, Catte A, Niemelä PS, Hall A, Hyvönen MT, Marrink SJ, Karttunen M, Vattulainen I. Role of lipids in spheroidal high density lipoproteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6:e1000964. [PMID: 21060857 PMCID: PMC2965744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the structure and dynamics of spherical high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles through coarse-grained multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations. We simulate both a lipid droplet without the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and the full HDL particle including two apoA-I molecules surrounding the lipid compartment. The present models are the first ones among computational studies where the size and lipid composition of HDL are realistic, corresponding to human serum HDL. We focus on the role of lipids in HDL structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the assembly of lipids and the influence of lipid-protein interactions on HDL properties. We find that the properties of lipids depend significantly on their location in the particle (core, intermediate region, surface). Unlike the hydrophobic core, the intermediate and surface regions are characterized by prominent conformational lipid order. Yet, not only the conformations but also the dynamics of lipids are found to be distinctly different in the different regions of HDL, highlighting the importance of dynamics in considering the functionalization of HDL. The structure of the lipid droplet close to the HDL-water interface is altered by the presence of apoA-Is, with most prominent changes being observed for cholesterol and polar lipids. For cholesterol, slow trafficking between the surface layer and the regimes underneath is observed. The lipid-protein interactions are strongest for cholesterol, in particular its interaction with hydrophobic residues of apoA-I. Our results reveal that not only hydrophobicity but also conformational entropy of the molecules are the driving forces in the formation of HDL structure. The results provide the first detailed structural model for HDL and its dynamics with and without apoA-I, and indicate how the interplay and competition between entropy and detailed interactions may be used in nanoparticle and drug design through self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vuorela
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Catte
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medicine and Center for Computational and Structural Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Anette Hall
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Siewert-Jan Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Espoo, Finland
- MEMPHYS–Center of Biomembrane Physics, Physics Department, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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35
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Triglyceride blisters in lipid bilayers: implications for lipid droplet biogenesis and the mobile lipid signal in cancer cell membranes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12811. [PMID: 20877640 PMCID: PMC2943900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides have a limited solubility, around 3%, in phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers. Using millisecond-scale course grained molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the model lipid bilayer can accommodate a higher concentration of triolein (TO) than earlier anticipated, by sequestering triolein molecules to the bilayer center in the form of a disordered, isotropic, mobile neutral lipid aggregate, at least 17 nm in diameter, which forms spontaneously, and remains stable on at least the microsecond time scale. The results give credence to the hotly debated existence of mobile neutral lipid aggregates of unknown function present in malignant cells, and to the early biogenesis of lipid droplets accommodated between the two leaflets of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The TO aggregates give the bilayer a blister-like appearance, and will hinder the formation of multi-lamellar phases in model, and possibly living membranes. The blisters will result in anomalous membrane probe partitioning, which should be accounted for in the interpretation of probe-related measurements.
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36
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Pink DA, Hanna CB, Sandt C, MacDonald AJ, MacEachern R, Corkery R, Rousseau D. Modeling the solid-liquid phase transition in saturated triglycerides. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:054502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3276108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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