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Mao Q, Yang H, Li Z, Shi Y, Feng HY, Luo F, Jia Z. Enhancement of solar blind full band absorption in photodetector with Ga 2O 3 nanopore and Al nanograting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19508-19516. [PMID: 38859084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.523117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we presented a novel double-layer light-trapping structure consisting of nanopores and nanograting positioned on both the surface and bottom of a gallium oxide-based solar-blind photodetector. Utilizing the finite element method (FEM), we thoroughly investigated the light absorption enhancement capabilities of this innovative design. The simulation results show that the double-layer nanostructure effectively combines the light absorption advantages of nanopores and nanogratings. Compared with thin film devices and devices with only nanopore or nanograting structures, double-layer nanostructured devices have a higher light absorption, achieving high light absorption in the solar blind area.
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2
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Nataraj C, Mohanta K, Badhirappan GP. Investigations on Optical Absorption and the Pyro-phototronic Effect with Selectively Patterned Black Silicon for Advanced Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38660705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel property existing in the stain-etching technique that eliminates the need for expensive etchant masks in the texturization process of silicon wafers was identified. Through the combination of grayscale lithography and stain-etching methodologies, selective patterning of silicon with AR-P 3510 T, a positive-photoresist mask, was carried out. The etch area ratio was varied in nine different patterns of various feature sizes ranging from 400 to 1500 μm. The optical characteristics of the patterned substrates were determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis, and the results were supported with finite-difference time-domain simulations. Complimenting the improvement in optical properties, the electrical losses in microwell-patterned photodetector devices have been reduced with an electro-optic optimum value of the surface enhancement factor, γ. The photodetecting efficiency of a selectively patterned microwell photodetector device exceeded the planar and black silicon photodetector devices with a considerable improvement in the pyro-phototronic effect. This work suggests an alternative for black silicon optoelectronic devices providing a new route to fabricate selectively patterned substrates with an achieved detectivity 16- and 20-fold higher than black and planar silicon photodetector devices, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charumathi Nataraj
- Nanostructured Surfaces and Thin Films Laboratory, Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India
| | - Kallol Mohanta
- Hybrid Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India
| | - Geetha Priyadarshini Badhirappan
- Nanostructured Surfaces and Thin Films Laboratory, Department of Physics, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India
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3
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Amara N, Martin A, Potdevin A, Réveret F, Riassetto D, Chadeyron G, Langlet M. Nanostructuration of YAG:Ce Coatings by ZnO Nanowires: A Smart Way to Enhance Light Extraction Efficiency. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152568. [PMID: 35893536 PMCID: PMC9332156 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the enhancement of the light extraction efficiency of sol-gel-derived Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) coatings using ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays. The ZnO NWs were grown by hydrothermal synthesis from a ZnO seed layer directly deposited on a YAG:Ce coating. Highly dense and vertically aligned ZnO NW arrays were evidenced on the top of the YAG:Ce coating by electron microscopy. A photoluminescence study showed that this original design leads to a different angular distribution of light together with an increase in emission efficiency of the YAG:Ce coating upon blue excitation, up to 60% more efficient compared to a non-structured YAG:Ce coating (without NWs). These improvements are ascribed to multi-scattering events for photons within the structure, allowing them to escape from the phosphor layer by taking optical paths different from those of the non-structured coating. This strategy of light extraction enhancement appears to be very promising, since it uses soft chemical processes and cheap ZnO NWs and is applicable to any sol-gel-derived luminescent coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehed Amara
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.A.); (A.M.); (D.R.)
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Aubry Martin
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.A.); (A.M.); (D.R.)
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Audrey Potdevin
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - François Réveret
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - David Riassetto
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.A.); (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Geneviève Chadeyron
- CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Michel Langlet
- CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (N.A.); (A.M.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.L.)
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4
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Dong S, Yang B, Xin Q, Lan X, Wang X, Xin G. Interfacial thermal transport of graphene/β-Ga 2O 3 heterojunctions: a molecular dynamics study with a self-consistent interatomic potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12837-12848. [PMID: 35475984 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions are widely used in high-power and high-frequency devices, for which thermal management is vital to the device operation and life. Here we apply molecular dynamics simulation to calculate the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) between graphene and β-Ga2O3. Based on the rigid ion model, a self-consistent interatomic potential with a set of parameters that can well reproduce the basic physical properties of crystal β-Ga2O3 is fitted. Using this potential, the effects of model size, interface type, temperature, vacancy defects and graphene hydrogenation on the ITR of graphene/β-Ga2O3 heterojunctions are evaluated. The results show that there is no obvious dependence of ITR on the size of graphene and β-Ga2O3. It is reported that the ITR values of the (100), (010) and (001) interfaces are 7.28 ± 0.35 × 10-8 K m2 W-1, 6.69 ± 0.44 × 10-8 K m2 W-1 and 5.22 ± 0.35 × 10-8 K m2 W-1 at 300 K, respectively. Both temperature increase and vacancy defect increase can prompt the energy propagation across graphene/β-Ga2O3 interfaces due to the enhancement of phonon coupling. In addition, graphene hydrogenation provides new channels for in-plane and out-of-plane phonon coupling, and thus reduces the ITR between graphene and β-Ga2O3. This study provides basic strategies for the thermal design and management of graphene/β-Ga2O3 based photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Dong
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Bowen Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Qian Xin
- Shandong Technology Center of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin Lan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Gongming Xin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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5
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Functional Performance of Silicon with Periodic Surface Structures Induced by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A micro/nano surface structure can produce specific properties, such as super hydrophilicity, low reflectance property, etc. A femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure is an important manufacturing process for the micro/nano structure. This research investigated the effects of scanning intervals and laser power on the surface morphology, wetting properties, and reflectance properties of LIPSS based on a silicon wafer. The results showed that the laser power had a significant effect on the surface morphology and wettability of silicon. With the increase of laser power, the surface roughness, etching depth and surface hydrophilicity increased. However, the laser power had little effect on the surface reflectance. The scanning interval had a great influence on the wettability and reflectance property of silicon. With the decrease of the scanning interval, the surface hydrophobicity and reflectance of silicon first decrease and then remain basically stable from 10 μm.
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6
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Abdulrahman A, Barzinjy AA, Hamad SM, Almessiere MA. Impact of Radio Frequency Plasma Power on the Structure, Crystallinity, Dislocation Density, and the Energy Band Gap of ZnO Nanostructure. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31605-31614. [PMID: 34869985 PMCID: PMC8637603 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of radio frequency (RF) plasma power on the morphology, crystal structure, elemental chemical composition, and optical properties of ZnO nanostructure using a direct current magnetron sputtering technique. This study emphasized that the growth rate and surface morphology of the polycrystalline ZnO were enhanced as the radio frequency (RF) plasma power increased. This can be observed by fixing other parameters such as the growth time, substrate temperature, and chamber partial pressure. The RF plasma power alteration from 150 to 300 W can produce uniform nanograin, spheroid, and nanorods. Additionally, the RF plasma power alteration leads to the alteration in the ZnO nanorod diameter from 14 to 202 nm. It was observed that the XRD intensities are increased at higher plasma powers. This, perhaps, can be inferred from the transformation of the granular microcrystals to the needlelike or platelike large crystals, as already examined using SEM images. This also has an impact on the average crystalline size, which increased from 10 to 40 nm on increasing the RF plasma power. Moreover, the increase of the RF plasma power has an obvious impact upon the optical band-gap energy, which was accordingly decreased from 3.26 to 3.22 eV. Finally, the absorption band edge was shifted to a lower-energy region due to the quantum size effect at the nanorange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
F. Abdulrahman
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University
of Zakho, Zakho 42002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Azeez A. Barzinjy
- Department
of Physics, College of Education, Salahaddin
University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department
of Physics Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan
Region, Iraq
| | - Samir M. Hamad
- Scientific
Research Centre, Soran University, Soran-Erbil 44008, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Munirah Abdullah Almessiere
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Deposit and Characterization of Semiconductor Films Based on Maleiperinone and Polymeric Matrix of (Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate). Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small semiconductor molecules such as the maleiperinone, have gained importance due to their applications in optoelectronics. In this work semiconductor films composed by a polymer matrix of PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) and maleiperinone were manufactured. The films used in the studies were deposited by vacuum evaporation and spin-coating techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Infrared spectroscopy were used for the analysis of morphological and structural films. The fundamental and the onset of the direct and indirect band gaps were also obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy. The band-model theory and the Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to determine the optical parameters. The dipole moment is 3.33 Db, and the high polarity gives a signal of the heterogeneous charge distribution along the structure of maleiperinone. Simple devices were made from the films and their electrical behavior was subsequently evaluated. The presence of the polymer decreased the energy barrier between the film and the anode, favoring the transport of charges in the device. Graphene decreased the absorption and its ohmic behavior make it a candidate to be used as a transparent electrode in optoelectronic devices. Finally, the MoO3 provides a behavior similar to a dielectric.
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Deposition and Characterization of Innovative Bulk Heterojunction Films Based on CuBi2O4 Nanoparticles and Poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene):Poly(4-styrene sulfonate) Matrix. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the deposition and study of the semiconductor behavior of CuBi2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average crystallite size of 24 ± 2 nm embedded in poly(3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. The CuBi2O4 NP bandgap was estimated at 1.7 eV, while for the composite film, it was estimated at 2.1 eV, due to PEDOT:PSS and the heterojunction between the polymer and the NPs. The charge transport of the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS-CuBi2O4 NP/Ag system was studied under light and dark conditions by means of current–voltage (I–V) characteristic curves. In natural-light conditions, the CuBi2O4 NPs presented electric behavior characterized by three different mechanisms: at low voltages, the behavior follows Ohm’s law; when the voltage increases, charge transport occurs by diffusion between the NP–polymer interfaces; and at higher voltages, it occurs due to the current being dominated by the saturation region. Due to their crystalline structure, their low bandgap in films and the feasibility of integrating them as components in composite films with PEDOT:PSS, CuBi2O4 NPs can be used as parts in optoelectronic devices.
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Ishchenko O, Rogé V, Lamblin G, Lenoble D, Fechete I. TiO 2 , ZnO, and SnO 2 -based metal oxides for photocatalytic applications: principles and development. CR CHIM 2021. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Ko D, Gu B, Ma Y, Jo S, Hyun DC, Kim CS, Oh HJ, Kim J. Characterization of optical manipulation using microlens arrays depending on the materials and sizes in organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9766-9774. [PMID: 35423478 PMCID: PMC8695480 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physical structures have improved light-harvesting and power-conversion efficiency in organic photovoltaic devices, and optical simulations have supported the improvement of device characteristics. Herein, we experimentally investigated how microlens arrays manipulate light propagation in microlens films and material stacks for organic photovoltaics to understand the influence of the constituent materials and sizes of the microlens. As materials to fabricate a microlens array, poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Norland Optical Adhesive 63 were adopted. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) microlens array exhibited higher total transmittance and higher diffuse transmittance, further enhancing the effective optical path and light extinction in material stacks for organic photovoltaics. This resulted in more current generation in an organic photovoltaic device with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microlens array than in a Norland Optical Adhesive 63 microlens array. The sizes of the microlenses were controlled from 0.5 to 10 μm. The optical characteristics of microlens array films and material stacks with microlenses generally increased with size of the microlens, leading to a 10.6% and 16.0% improvement in the light extinction and power-conversion efficiency, respectively. In addition, electron and current generation in material stacks for organic photovoltaics were calculated from light extinction. The theoretical current generation matched well with experimental values derived from organic photovoltaic devices. Thus, the optical characterization of physical structures helps to predict how much more current can be generated in organic photovoltaic cells with a certain physical structure; it can also be used for screening the physical structures of organic photovoltaic cells. The influence of constituent materials and sizes of a microlens was experimentally and theoretically explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence
| | - Sungjin Jo
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Department of Advanced Functional Thin Films
- Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)
- Changwon 51508
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Oh
- Advanced Materials Research Center
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence
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11
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Romeira B, Borme J, Fonseca H, Gaspar J, Nieder JB. Efficient light extraction in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs nanopillars for nanoscale light-emitting devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32302-32315. [PMID: 33114919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on high extraction efficiency in subwavelength GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor nanopillars. We achieve up to 37-fold enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity from sub-micrometer (sub-µm) pillars without requiring back reflectors, high-Q dielectric cavities, nor large 2D arrays or plasmonic effects. This is a result of a large extraction efficiency for nanopillars <500 nm width, estimated in the range of 33-57%, which is much larger than the typical low efficiency (∼2%) of micrometer pillars limited by total internal reflection. Time-resolved PL measurements allow us to estimate the nonradiative surface recombination of fabricated pillars. We conclusively show that vertical-emitting nanopillar-based LEDs, in the best case scenario of both reduced surface recombination and efficient light out-coupling, have the potential to achieve notable large external quantum efficiency (∼45%), whereas the efficiency of large µm-pillar planar LEDs, without further methods, saturates at ∼2%. These results offer a versatile method of light management in nanostructures with prospects to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices including nanoscale LEDs, nanolasers, single photon sources, photodetectors, and solar cells.
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12
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Cao S, Yu D, Lin Y, Zhang C, Lu L, Yin M, Zhu X, Chen X, Li D. Light Propagation in Flexible Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with Nanotextured Metal Back Reflectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26184-26192. [PMID: 32392028 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured metal back reflectors (BRs) are playing an important role in thin-film solar cells, which facilitates an increased optical path length within a relatively thin absorbing layer. In this study, three nanotextured plasmonic metal (copper, gold, and silver) BRs underneath flexible thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells are systematically investigated. The solar cells with BRs demonstrate an excellent light harvesting capability in the long-wavelength region. With the combination of hybrid cavity resonances, horizontal modes, and surface plasmonic resonances, more incident light is coupled into the photoactive layer. Compared to the reference cells, the three devices with plasmonic BRs show lower parasitic absorptions with different individual absorption distributions. Both experimental and simulated results indicate that the silver BR cells delivered the best performance with a promising power conversion efficiency of 7.26%. These rational designs of light harvesting nanostructures provide guidelines for high-performance thin-film solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Cao
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yinyue Lin
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Linfeng Lu
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Min Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Suter S, Graf R, Moreno García D, Haussener S. Optimizing and Implementing Light Trapping in Thin-Film, Mesostructured Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5739-5749. [PMID: 31854964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable semiconductor photoelectrodes for water splitting often exhibit long absorption lengths and poor properties for the efficient separation and transport of photogenerated charges. We propose a combination of resonant and geometric light trapping for thin-film, mesostructured α-Fe2O3 photoanodes to engineer enhanced light management and increase the photocurrent density. Simulations of the electromagnetic wave propagation on accurate mesostructures were used to optimize the semiconductor film thickness and the electrode morphology for maximum light absorption. Local photocurrent densities at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface were calculated via a probabilistic charge collection model. The findings of the numerical model were translated into photoanodes by a novel fabrication process based on template stripping. The developed experimental platform is versatile and enables to fabricate electrodes with various shapes and precise control on the mesostructure. We successfully demonstrated the fabrication of α-Fe2O3 photoanodes with arrays of wedge structures in the micrometer range on a flexible substrate that benefits from resonant and geometric light trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Suter
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering , EPFL , Station 9 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Rafael Graf
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering , EPFL , Station 9 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Diana Moreno García
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering , EPFL , Station 9 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Sophia Haussener
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering , EPFL , Station 9 , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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14
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Random nanohole arrays and its application to crystalline Si thin foils produced by proton induced exfoliation for solar cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19736. [PMID: 31874998 PMCID: PMC6930296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report high efficiency cell processing technologies for the ultra-thin Si solar cells based on crystalline Si thin foils (below a 50 µm thickness) produced by the proton implant exfoliation (PIE) technique. Shallow textures of submicrometer scale is essential for effective light trapping in crystalline Si thin foil based solar cells. In this study, we report the fabrication process of random Si nanohole arrays of ellipsoids by a facile way using low melting point metal nanoparticles of indium which were vacuum-deposited and dewetted spontaneously at room temperature. Combination of dry and wet etch processes with indium nanoparticles as etch masks enables the fabrication of random Si nanohole arrays of an ellipsoidal shape. The optimized etching processes led to effective light trapping nanostructures comparable to conventional micro-pyramids. We also developed the laser fired contact (LFC) process especially suitable for crystalline Si thin foil based PERC solar cells. The laser processing parameters were optimized to obtain a shallow LFC contact in conjunction with a low contact resistance. Lastly, we applied the random Si nanohole arrays and the LFC process to the crystalline Si thin foils (a 48 µm thickness) produced by the PIE technique and achieved the best efficiency of 17.1% while the planar PERC solar cell without the Si nanohole arrays exhibit 15.6%. Also, we demonstrate the ultra-thin wafer is bendable to have a 16 mm critical bending radius.
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15
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Jiménez-Solano A, Martínez-Sarti L, Pertegás A, Lozano G, Bolink HJ, Míguez H. Dipole reorientation and local density of optical states influence the emission of light-emitting electrochemical cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 22:92-96. [PMID: 31802085 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05505c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we analyze the temporal evolution of the electroluminescence of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), a thin-film light-emitting device, in order to maximize the luminous power radiated by these devices. A careful analysis of the spectral and angular distribution of the emission of LECs fabricated under the same experimental conditions allows describing the dynamics of the spatial region from which LECs emit, i.e. the generation zone, as bias is applied. This effect is mediated by dipole reorientation within such an emissive region and its optical environment, since its spatial drift yields a different interplay between the intrinsic emission of the emitters and the local density of optical states of the system. Our results demonstrate that engineering the optical environment in thin-film light-emitting devices is key to maximize their brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Solano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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16
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Xu H, Liu L, Teng F, Lu N. Emission Enhancement of Fluorescent Molecules by Antireflective Arrays. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:3495841. [PMID: 31912034 PMCID: PMC6944513 DOI: 10.34133/2019/3495841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional fluorescence enhancement based on a match of the maximum excitation or emission of fluorescence molecule with the spectra of the nanostructure can hardly enhance blue and red fluorescent molecules. Here, an enhanced method which is a new strategy based on the antireflective array has been developed to enhance the emission of blue and red fluorescent molecules. The fluorescence emission is enhanced by increasing the absorption at excitation wavelengths of the fluorescent molecules and reducing the fluorescent energy dissipation with an antireflective array. By introducing the antireflective arrays, the emission enhancement of blue and red fluorescent molecules is, respectively, up to 14 and 18 fold. It is a universal and effective strategy for enhancing fluorescence emission, which could be applied to enhance the intensity of organic LED and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Fei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhang C, Li D, Cao S, Yin M, Wang P, Ding G, Yang L, Cheng J, Lu L. High Weight-Specific Power Density of Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells on Graphene Papers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:324. [PMID: 31620971 PMCID: PMC6795669 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thin-film solar cells with high weight-specific power density are highly desired in the emerging portable/wearable electronic devices, solar-powered vehicles, etc. The conventional flexible metallic or plastic substrates are encountered either overweight or thermal and mechanical mismatch with deposited films. In this work, we proposed a novel substrate for flexible solar cells based on graphene paper, which possesses the advantages of being lightweight and having a high-temperature tolerance and high mechanical flexibility. Thin-film amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells were constructed on such graphene paper, whose power density is 4.5 times higher than that on plastic polyimide substrates. In addition, the a-Si:H solar cells present notable flexibility whose power conversion efficiencies show little degradation when the solar cells are bent to a radius as small as 14 mm for more than 100 times. The application of this unique flexible substrate can be extended to CuInGaSe and CdTe solar cells and other thin-film devices requiring high-temperature processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangying Cao
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyou Yang
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linfeng Lu
- CAS Key Lab of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Wang C, Shao J, Lai D, Tian H, Li X. Suspended-Template Electric-Assisted Nanoimprinting for Hierarchical Micro-Nanostructures on a Fragile Substrate. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10333-10342. [PMID: 31437390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Coating hierarchical micro-nanostructures on the surface of optoelectronic devices has been demonstrated to improve the overall performance. However, fabricating desired structures on a fragile optoelectronic device substrate is still challenging. A suspended-template electric-assisted nanoimprinting technique is proposed herein to controllably fabricate hierarchical micro-nanostructures on a fragile substrate. The suspension design of the template ensures that it conveniently deforms to fully fit the surface fluctuation of the substrate. The deformation of template and the filling of liquid polymer in the micro/nanocavities of the template are both driven by the powerful surface/interface force generated by an electric field applied between the template and substrate surface, thus protecting the fragile substrate from squeezing damage. Different morphologies of hierarchical micro-nanostructures are fabricated by changing the electric field. Based on suspended-template electric-assisted nanoimprinting, the environmentally adaptable fully covering hierarchical micro-nanostructures are encapsulated on the surface of flip-film light-emitting diode chips, thus significantly enhancing their light management in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Dengshui Lai
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
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19
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Le-The H, Tiggelaar RM, Berenschot E, van den Berg A, Tas N, Eijkel JCT. Postdeposition UV-Ozone Treatment: An Enabling Technique to Enhance the Direct Adhesion of Gold Thin Films to Oxidized Silicon. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6782-6789. [PMID: 31189059 PMCID: PMC6595434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found that continuous films of gold (Au) on oxidized silicon (SiO2) substrates, upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-ozone, exhibit strong adhesion to the SiO2 support. Importantly, the enhancement is independent of micro- or nanostructuring of such nanometer-thick films. Deposition of a second Au layer on top of the pretreated Au layer makes the adhesion stable for at least 5 months in environmental air. Using this treatment method enables us to large-scale fabricate various SiO2-supported Au structures at various thicknesses with dimensions spanning from a few hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, without the use of additional adhesion layers. We explain the observed adhesion improvement as polarization-induced increased strength of Auδ-Siδ+ bonds at the Au-SiO2 interface due to the formation of a gold oxide monolayer on the Au surface by the UV-ozone treatment. Our simple and enabling method thus provides opportunities for patterning Au micro/nanostructures on SiO2 substrates without an intermediate metallic adhesion layer, which is critical for biosensing and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab
Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute, University of
Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Tas
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS
Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute & Max Planck Center for Complex
Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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20
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Wang X, Liu Q, Wu S, Xu B, Xu H. Multilayer Polypyrrole Nanosheets with Self-Organized Surface Structures for Flexible and Efficient Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807716. [PMID: 30920701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Converting solar energy into concentrated heat is very appealing for various applications. Polypyrrole (PPy) is known to possess excellent photothermal property with low thermal conductivity, and thus is an ideal candidate for solar-thermal energy conversion. However, solar-thermal materials based on PPy or other conducting polymers still exhibit limited energy conversion efficiency due to the lack of effective light-trapping schemes. Here, it is demonstrated that multilayer PPy nanosheets with spontaneously formed surface structures such as wrinkles and ridges via sequential polymerization on paper substrates can dramatically enhance broadband and wide-angle light absorption across the full solar spectrum, leading to an impressive solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 95.33%. The intriguing solar-thermal properties and structural features of multilayer PPy nanosheets can be used for solar heating and photoactuators. Meanwhile, when used for solar steam generation, the measured efficiency could achieve ≈92% under one sun irradiation. The hierarchically multilayer structure is mechanically flexible and robust, holding great potential for practical solar energy utilization. This study provides a simple and straightforward approach toward engineering light-weight and thermally insulating polymers into efficient solar-thermal materials for emerging solar energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute for Nanoscale and Quantum Scientific and Technological Advanced Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Siyao Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute for Nanoscale and Quantum Scientific and Technological Advanced Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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21
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Sharma S, Saini SK, Nair RV. A versatile micro-reflectivity setup for probing the optical properties of photonic nanostructures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:023103. [PMID: 30831714 DOI: 10.1063/1.5065575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial- and spectral-dependent optical reflectivity measurements are essential to characterize various natural as well as artificial micron-scale photonic nanostructures. However, it is onerous to measure spatially and spectrally resolved reflectivity values from such photonic nanostructures due to their size limitations. Here, we discuss the development of a versatile micro-reflectivity setup with an in situ optical microscope combined with high-resolution actuators to measure the reflectivity from areas as small as 25 × 25 µm2. We illustrate the reflectivity measurements from natural as well as artificially prepared ordered and disordered photonic nanostructures. The optical features that are hidden in the conventional reflectivity measurements are clearly resolved using the micro-reflectivity measurements. The proposed setup is also capable of measuring the polarization-dependent reflectivity and transmission of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Laboratory for Nano-Scale Optics and Meta-Materials (LaNOM), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar,Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Saini
- Laboratory for Nano-Scale Optics and Meta-Materials (LaNOM), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar,Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
| | - Rajesh V Nair
- Laboratory for Nano-Scale Optics and Meta-Materials (LaNOM), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar,Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India
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22
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Danesi S, Alessandri I. Using optical resonances to control heat generation and propagation in silicon nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11724-11730. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrated electronics, photonics and optoelectronics need full control of lattice reconstruction processes in silicon nanostructures at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Danesi
- INSTM-UdR Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- 25123 Brescia
| | - Ivano Alessandri
- INSTM-UdR Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
- Department of Information Engineering
- University of Brescia
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23
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Lova P, Robbiano V, Cacialli F, Comoretto D, Soci C. Black GaAs by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33434-33440. [PMID: 30191706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large area surface microstructuring is commonly employed to suppress light reflection and enhance light absorption in silicon photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, and image sensors. To date, however, there are no simple means to control the surface roughness of III-V semiconductors by chemical processes similar to the metal-assisted chemical etching of black Si. Here, we demonstrate the anisotropic metal-assisted chemical etching of GaAs wafers exploiting the lower etching rate of the monoatomic Ga<111> and <311> planes. By studying the dependence of this process on different crystal orientations, we propose a qualitative reaction mechanism responsible for the self-limiting anisotropic etching and show that the reflectance of the roughened surface of black GaAs reduces up to ∼50 times compared to polished wafers, nearly doubling its absorption. This method provides a new, simple, and scalable way to enhance light absorption and power conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lova
- Energy Research Institute at NTU (ERI@N) and Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Physics and Applied Physics , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371
| | - Valentina Robbiano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Davide Comoretto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università degli Studi di Genova , via Dodecaneso 31 , 16121 Genova , Italy
| | - Cesare Soci
- Energy Research Institute at NTU (ERI@N) and Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Physics and Applied Physics , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371
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24
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Scalable synthesis of carbon-embedded ordered macroporous titania spheres with structural colors. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Lien DH, Dong Z, Retamal JRD, Wang HP, Wei TC, Wang D, He JH, Cui Y. Resonance-Enhanced Absorption in Hollow Nanoshell Spheres with Omnidirectional Detection and High Responsivity and Speed. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801972. [PMID: 30019787 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical resonance formed inside a nanocavity resonator can trap light within the active region and hence enhance light absorption, effectively boosting device or material performance in applications of solar cells, photodetectors (PDs), and photocatalysts. Complementing conventional circular and spherical structures, a new type of multishelled spherical resonant strategy is presented. Due to the resonance-enhanced absorption by multiple convex shells, ZnO nanoshell PDs show improved optoelectronic performance and omnidirectional detection of light at different incidence angles and polarization. In addition, the response and recovery speeds of these devices are improved (0.8 and 0.7 ms, respectively) up to three orders of magnitude faster than in previous reports because of the existence of junction barriers between the nanoshells. The general design principles behind these hollow ZnO nanoshells pave a new way to improve the performance of sophisticated nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Hsien Lien
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenghong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jose Ramon Duran Retamal
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hsin-Ping Wang
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tzu-Chiao Wei
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing, 100190, China
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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26
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Lin MY, Wu SH, Hsiao LJ, Budiawan W, Chen SL, Tu WC, Lee CY, Chang YC, Chu CW. Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29757268 DOI: 10.3791/56149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes how to design and fabricate efficient inverted solar cells, which are based on a two-dimensional conjugated small molecule (SMPV1) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), by utilizing ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on a high quality Al-doped ZnO (AZO) seed layer. The inverted SMPV1:PC71BM solar cells with ZnO NRs that grew on both a sputtered and sol-gel processed AZO seed layer are fabricated. Compared with the AZO thin film prepared by the sol-gel method, the sputtered AZO thin film exhibits better crystallization and lower surface roughness, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. The orientation of the ZnO NRs grown on a sputtered AZO seed layer shows better vertical alignment, which is beneficial for the deposition of the subsequent active layer, forming better surface morphologies. Generally, the surface morphology of the active layer mainly dominates the fill factor (FF) of the devices. Consequently, the well-aligned ZnO NRs can be used to improve the carrier collection of the active layer and to increase the FF of the solar cells. Moreover, as an anti-reflection structure, it can also be utilized to enhance the light harvesting of the absorption layer, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells reaching 6.01%, higher than the sol-gel based solar cells with an efficiency of 4.74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University
| | | | - Li-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University
| | | | - Shih-Lun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Chia-Yen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center of Applied Science, Academia Sinica;
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27
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Jiménez-Solano A, Galisteo-López JF, Míguez H. Absorption and Emission of Light in Optoelectronic Nanomaterials: The Role of the Local Optical Environment. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2077-2084. [PMID: 29620899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter is central to the development of optoelectronic devices. This becomes particularly relevant for a new generation of devices offering the possibility of solution processing with competitive efficiencies as well as new functionalities. These devices, containing novel materials such as inorganic colloidal quantum dots or hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites, commonly demand thin (tens of nanometers) active layers in order to perform optimally and thus maximizing the way electromagnetic radiation interacts with these layers is essential. In this Perspective, we discuss the relevance of tailoring the optical environment of the active layer in an optoelectronic device and illustrate it with two real-world systems comprising photovoltaic cells and light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Solano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan F Galisteo-López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
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28
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A K J, Garg K, Ramamurthy PC, Mahapatra DR, Hegde G. Moldable biomimetic nanoscale optoelectronic platforms for simultaneous enhancement in optical absorption and charge transport. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3730-3737. [PMID: 29411826 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano-scale patterns such as those found on the exterior surface of the eyes of certain nocturnal insects have far-reaching implications in terms of optoelectronic device design. The advantage of using these patterns for optoelectronic enhancement in photovoltaic light harvesting has been less explored due to the lack of suitable engineered materials to easily fabricate such nanostructures. Here, an attempt is made to realize these complex patterns using a self-assembly based molding process on hitherto unexplored robust structural epoxies with excellent repeatability and scalability to a larger area. The incorporation of these patterns in the substrate shows nearly a 50% broadband drop in the specular reflectance of the nanostructured substrate. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by tweaking the bio-inspired patterns on the interior side of a light harvesting device, it is possible to obtain a broadband improvement in the external quantum efficiency in the spectral window between 350 and 650 nm leading to a significant improvement of up to 49% in the photocurrent density in the structured devices. From our experiment and simulations, it is observed that this enhancement stems from a combination of two effects: first, a broadband drop in the specular reflectance exceeding 70%, arising from trapped surface plasmon-polariton modes, and second, an improved charge separation in the structured device arising due to perturbed built-in electric fields. Furthermore, the simulations which take into account the interfacial nano-scale morphology show that for absorbers with low carrier mobilities, a significant improvement in the photocurrent and in the fill factor is simultaneously possible. Overall, this work demonstrates a combination of tweaked bio-mimetic design and the use of unconventional robust structural materials as nanostructured optoelectronic substrates. This effort can bridge the gap between naturally evolved designs and practical optoelectronics to enhance the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish A K
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012.
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Le-The H, Berenschot E, Tiggelaar RM, Tas NR, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. Large-scale fabrication of highly ordered sub-20 nm noble metal nanoparticles on silica substrates without metallic adhesion layers. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 31057894 PMCID: PMC6161447 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-017-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Periodic noble metal nanoparticles offer a wide spectrum of applications including chemical and biological sensors, optical devices, and model catalysts due to their extraordinary properties. For sensing purposes and catalytic studies, substrates made of glass or fused-silica are normally required as supports, without the use of metallic adhesion layers. However, precise patterning of such uniform arrays of silica-supported noble metal nanoparticles, especially at sub-100 nm in diameter, is challenging without adhesion layers. In this paper, we report a robust method to large-scale fabricate highly ordered sub-20 nm noble metal nanoparticles, i.e., gold and platinum, supported on silica substrates without adhesion layers, combining displacement Talbot lithography (DTL) with dry-etching techniques. Periodic photoresist nanocolumns at diameters of ~110 nm are patterned on metal-coated oxidized silicon wafers using DTL, and subsequently transferred at a 1:1 ratio into anti-reflection layer coating (BARC) nanocolumns with the formation of nano-sharp tips, using nitrogen plasma etching. These BARC nanocolumns are then used as a mask for etching the deposited metal layer using inclined argon ion-beam etching. We find that increasing the etching time results in cone-shaped silica features with metal nanoparticles on the tips at diameters ranging from 100 nm to sub-30 nm, over large areas of 3×3 cm2. Moreover, subsequent annealing these sub-30 nm metal nanoparticle arrays at high-temperature results in sub-20 nm metal nanoparticle arrays with ~1010 uniform particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- NanoLab Cleanroom, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
| | - Niels R. Tas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. T. Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB The Netherlands
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30
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Wang X, Estradé S, Lin Y, Yu F, Lopez-Conesa L, Zhou H, Gurram SK, Peiró F, Fan Z, Shen H, Schaefer L, Braeuer G, Waag A. Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Behavior of H-TiO 2 Nanorods Hydrogenated by Controlled and Local Rapid Thermal Annealing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:336. [PMID: 28482648 PMCID: PMC5419951 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, colored H-doped TiO2 (H-TiO2) has demonstrated enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to its unique crystalline core-disordered shell nanostructures and consequent enhanced conduction behaviors between the core-shell homo-interfaces. Although various hydrogenation approaches to obtain H-TiO2 have been developed, such as high temperature hydrogen furnace tube annealing, high pressure hydrogen annealing, hydrogen-plasma assisted reaction, aluminum reduction and electrochemical reduction etc., there is still a lack of a hydrogenation approach in a controlled manner where all processing parameters (temperature, time and hydrogen flux) were precisely controlled in order to improve the PEC performance of H-TiO2 and understand the physical insight of enhanced PEC performance. Here, we report for the first time a controlled and local rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach to prepare hydrogenated core-shell H-TiO2 nanorods grown on F:SnO2 (FTO) substrate in order to address the degradation issue of FTO in the typical TiO2 nanorods/FTO system observed in the conventional non-RTA treated approaches. Without the FTO degradation in the RTA approach, we systematically studied the intrinsic relationship between the annealing temperature, structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties in order to understand the role of the disordered shell on the improved photoelectrochemical behavior of H-TiO2 nanorods. Our investigation shows that the improvement of PEC performance could be attributed to (i) band gap narrowing from 3.0 to 2.9 eV; (ii) improved optical absorption in the visible range induced by the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and rough surface of the disordered shell; (iii) increased proper donor density; (iv) enhanced electron-hole separation and injection efficiency due to the formation of disordered shell after hydrogenation. The RTA approach developed here can be used as a suitable hydrogenation process for TiO2 nanorods/FTO system for important applications such as photocatalysis, hydrogen generation from water splitting and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sonia Estradé
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lluis Lopez-Conesa
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Gurram
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Francesca Peiró
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Lothar Schaefer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guenter Braeuer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Waag
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Agarwal L, Naik BN, Tripathi S. Highly reflective Er-doped ZnO thin-film coating for application in a UV optical ring resonator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:465707. [PMID: 29063867 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8ec0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We achieved doping-induced optical variation in Erbium-doped ZnO (EZO) that may prove to be a promising material for use in optical ring resonators. EZO thin-film samples were deposited on n-type Si substrate via the sol-gel spin-coating technique followed by annealing in air at 500 °C. The doping-induced morphological variations of the deposited thin film were characterized using x-ray diffraction, ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Further, in order to establish the suitability of EZO for optical applications, detailed optical analysis was performed that exhibited that 1 mol% Er-doped ZnO may prove to be suitable material. Finally, a ring resonator design has been proposed using 1 mol% EZO thin film. The proposed structure was simulated using the MODE tool by Lumerical solutions. The Eigenmode Solver has been used to simulate and calculate the effective refractive index, group velocity, propagation constant β, dispersion and bending losses for a wavelength region of 200 nm to 900 nm. Simplified expressions for the free spectral range, full-width at half-maximum and quality factor have been derived and validated by the simulated data for the proposed ring resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Agarwal
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211004, India
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32
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Veliz FA, Ma Y, Molugu SK, Tiu BDB, Stewart PL, French RH, Steinmetz NF. Photon Management through Virus-Programmed Supramolecular Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700088. [PMID: 32646196 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photon extraction and capture efficiency is a complex function of the material's composition, its molecular structure at the nanoscale, and the overall organization spanning multiple length scales. The architecture of the material defines the performance; nanostructured features within the materials enhance the energy efficiency. Photon capturing materials are largely produced through lithographic, top-down, manufacturing schemes; however, there are limits to the smallest dimension achievable using this technology. To overcome these technological barriers, a bottom-up nanomanufacturing is pursued. Inspired by the self-programmed assembly of virus arrays in host cells resulting in iridescence of infected organisms, virus-programmed, nanostructured arrays are studied to pave the way for new design principles in photon management and biology-inspired materials science. Using the nanoparticles formed by plant viruses in combination with charged polymers (dendrimers), a bottom-up approach is illustrated to prepare a family of broadband, low-angular dependent antireflection mesoscale layered materials for potential application as photon management coatings. Measurement and theory demonstrate antireflectance and phototrapping properties of the virus-programmed assembly. This opens up new bioengineering principles for the nanomanufacture of coatings and films for use in LED lighting and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Veliz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yingfang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sudheer K Molugu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brylee David B Tiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Phoebe L Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Roger H French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Takeda Y, Iizuka H, Yamada N, Ito T. Light trapping for photovoltaic cells using polarization-insensitive angle-selective filters under monochromatic illumination. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:5761-5767. [PMID: 29047719 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed a light-trapping concept for photovoltaic (PV) cells under monochromatic illumination with restricted incident angles. We employed a configuration consisting of a shortpass filter (SPF) on the front surface and a diffuse reflector on the rear surface of the cell. The SPF was designed so that it functioned as a polarization-insensitive angle-selective filter. We fabricated 30-80-μm-thick crystalline silicon samples for incident angles changing within 30°, and analyzed the measured results using a ray-trace simulation with the Monte Carlo method. The ratio of the absorbed intensity to the 1064 nm illumination intensity was 0.69-0.85, which was higher than those equipped with antireflection coatings instead of the SPFs by 0.19-0.13. Thus, we have proven the light-trapping concept of the SPF/diffuse reflector configuration for monochromatic illumination. The PV cells could be applied to wireless power supply, in particular from solar-pumped lasers.
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Dielectric Nanorod Scattering and its Influence on Material Interfaces. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4311. [PMID: 28655917 PMCID: PMC5487353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This work elaborates on the high scattering which dielectric nanorods exhibit and how it can be exploited to control light propagation across material interfaces. A detailed overview of how dielectric nanorods interact with light through a combination of dipolar scattering and leaky modes is performed via outward power flux calculations. We establish and account for design parameters that best result in light magnification owing to resonant behavior of nanorods. Impact of material parameters on scattering and their dispersion have been calculated to establish that low loss dielectric oxides like ZnO when nanostructured show excellent antenna like resonances which can be used to control light coupling and propagation. Interfacial scattering calculations demonstrate the high forward directivity of nanorods for various dielectric interfaces. A systematic analysis for different configurations of single and periodic nanorods on air dielectric interface emphasizes the light coupling tendencies exhibited by nanorods to and from a dielectric. Spatial characteristics of the localized field enhancement of the nanorod array on an air dielectric interface show focusing attributes of the nanorod array. We give a detailed account to tailor and selectively increase light propagation across an interface with good spectral and spatial control.
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35
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Eltayeb A, Daniels S, McGlynn E. Enhanced Optical Properties of ZnO and CeO 2-coated ZnO Nanostructures Achieved Via Spherical Nanoshells Growth On A Polystyrene Template. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623305 PMCID: PMC5473917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, ZnO, CeO2 and CeO2-coated ZnO nanostructures were synthesised by simple and efficient low temperature wet chemical methods on Si (100) and quartz substrates. The ZnO films were prepared by a drop coating deposition method. This was then combined with a thin layer of the redox active material CeO2 to form CeO2-coated ZnO films. Spherical ZnO nanoshell structures and CeO2-coated ZnO nanoshells have been prepared using polystyrene (PS) sphere monolayer templates. The structural properties and morphologies of the nanostructures were analysed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanostructure compositions are studied in more detail using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The optical properties of the nanostructures were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy in order to ascertain the effects of the nanoshell structures and the whispering gallery modes associated with these structures on the optical properties of the deposits. Our data show UV and visible light absorption was very significantly enhanced due to this nanostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Eltayeb
- School of Electronic Engineering, National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Daniels
- School of Electronic Engineering, National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Enda McGlynn
- School of Physical Sciences, National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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36
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Tian L, Luo X, Yin M, Li D, Xue X, Wang H. Enhanced CMOS image sensor by flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection film. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:130-135. [PMID: 36659484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors (CIS) are being widely used in digital video cameras, web cameras, digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR), smart phones and so on, owing to their high level of integration, random accessibility, and low-power operation. It needs to be installed with the cover glass in practical applications to protect the sensor from damage, mechanical issues, and environmental conditions, which, however, limits the accuracy and usability of the sensor due to the reflection in the optical path from air-to-cover glass-to-air. In this work, the flexible 3D nanocone anti-reflection (AR) film with controlled aspect ratio was firstly employed to reduce the light reflection at air/cover glass/air interfaces by directly attaching onto the front and rear sides of the CIS cover glass. As both the front and rear sides of cover glass were coated by the AR film, the output image quality was found to be improved with external quantum efficiency increased by 7%, compared with that without AR film. The mean digital data value, root-mean-square contrast, and dynamic range are increased by 45.14%, 38.61% and 57, respectively, for the output image with AR films. These results provide a novel and facile pathway to improve the CIS performance and also could be extended to rational design of other image sensors and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaolei Luo
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min Yin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xinzhong Xue
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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37
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Leem JW, Dudem B, Yu JS. Biomimetic nano/micro double-textured silicon with outstanding antireflective and super-hydrophilic surfaces for high optical performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06444f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano/micro double-textured silicon shows not only outstanding antireflection and light scattering properties in broad wavelengths and incident angles but also a super-hydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- South Korea
| | - Bhaskar Dudem
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- South Korea
| | - Jae Su Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- South Korea
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38
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Realizing a facile and environmental-friendly fabrication of high-performance multi-crystalline silicon solar cells by employing ZnO nanostructures and an Al 2O 3 passivation layer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38486. [PMID: 27924911 PMCID: PMC5141414 DOI: 10.1038/srep38486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells dominate the photovoltaic industry. However, the current acid etching method on mc-Si surface used by firms can hardly suppress the average reflectance value below 25% in the visible light spectrum. Meanwhile, the nitric acid and the hydrofluoric contained in the etching solution is both environmental unfriendly and highly toxic to human. Here, a mc-Si solar cell based on ZnO nanostructures and an Al2O3 spacer layer is demonstrated. The eco-friendly fabrication is realized by low temperature atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 layer as well as ZnO seed layer. Moreover, the ZnO nanostructures are prepared by nontoxic and low cost hydro-thermal growth process. Results show that the best passivation quality of the n+ -type mc-Si surface can be achieved by balancing the Si dangling bond saturation level and the negative charge concentration in the Al2O3 film. Moreover, the average reflectance on cell surface can be suppressed to 8.2% in 400–900 nm range by controlling the thickness of ZnO seed layer. With these two combined refinements, a maximum solar cell efficiency of 15.8% is obtained eventually. This work offer a facile way to realize the environmental friendly fabrication of high performance mc-Si solar cells.
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Kong WY, Wu GA, Wang KY, Zhang TF, Zou YF, Wang DD, Luo LB. Graphene-β-Ga 2 O 3 Heterojunction for Highly Sensitive Deep UV Photodetector Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10725-10731. [PMID: 27748975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A deep UV light photodetector is assembled by coating multilayer graphene on beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2 O3 ) wafer. Optoelectronic analysis reveals that the heterojunction device is virtually blind to light illumination with wavelength longer than 280 nm, but is highly sensitive to 254 nm light with very good stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Kong
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Guo-An Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Kui-Yuan Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Zou
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Bao Luo
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
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40
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Peng Y, Wang S, Cheng H, Wang H, Chen M, Liu S. Light Efficiency Enhancement of Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Packaged by Nanostructured Silica Glass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/jdt.2016.2564986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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High speed e-beam writing for large area photonic nanostructures - a choice of parameters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32945. [PMID: 27633902 PMCID: PMC5025733 DOI: 10.1038/srep32945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic nanostructures are used for many optical systems and applications. However, some high-end applications require the use of electron-beam lithography (EBL) to generate such nanostructures. An important technological bottleneck is the exposure time of the EBL systems, which can exceed 24 hours per 1 cm2. Here, we have developed a method based on a target function to systematically increase the writing speed of EBL. As an example, we use as the target function the fidelity of the Fourier Transform spectra of nanostructures that are designed for thin film light trapping applications, and optimize the full parameter space of the lithography process. Finally, we are able to reduce the exposure time by a factor of 5.5 without loss of photonic performance. We show that the performances of the fastest written structures are identical to the original ones within experimental error. As the target function can be varied according to different purposes, the method is also applicable to guided mode resonant grating and many other areas. These findings contribute to the advancement of EBL and point towards making the technology more attractive for commercial applications.
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Fan H, Sun M, Ma P, Yin M, Lu L, Xue X, Zhu X, Li D, Ma J. UV photodetectors based on 3D periodic Au-decorated nanocone ZnO films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:365303. [PMID: 27482636 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermal nanoimprinting technology was employed to fabricate 3D periodic nanocone ZnO films with different height/pitch values for photodetectors to optimize their light capturing property. The photocurrents of patterned film photodetectors increase with the height/pitch values. The patterned ZnO-Au hybrid film further boosts the ultraviolet (UV) response. Due to the co-contribution of the light trapping of 3D periodic structures and the driving force of the Schottky barrier in the Au/ZnO interface, the patterned ZnO-Au hybrid films with height/pitch of 40 nm/866 nm exhibit the best UV photoresponse (I on/I off = 779.927), which is 3.8 times higher than its film counterpart (I on/I off = 164.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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Lin Y, Xu Z, Yu D, Lu L, Yin M, Tavakoli MM, Chen X, Hao Y, Fan Z, Cui Y, Li D. Dual-Layer Nanostructured Flexible Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with Enhanced Light Harvesting and Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10929-10936. [PMID: 27052357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) structures have triggered tremendous interest for thin-film solar cells since they can dramatically reduce the material usage and incident light reflection. However, the high aspect ratio feature of some 3-D structures leads to deterioration of internal electric field and carrier collection capability, which reduces device power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we report high performance flexible thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells with a unique and effective light trapping scheme. In this device structure, a polymer nanopillar membrane is attached on top of a device, which benefits broadband and omnidirectional performances, and a 3-D nanostructure with shallow dent arrays underneath serves as a back reflector on flexible titanium (Ti) foil resulting in an increased optical path length by exciting hybrid optical modes. The efficient light management results in 42.7% and 41.7% remarkable improvements of short-circuit current density and overall efficiency, respectively. Meanwhile, an excellent flexibility has been achieved as PCE remains 97.6% of the initial efficiency even after 10 000 bending cycles. This unique device structure can also be duplicated for other flexible photovoltaic devices based on different active materials such as CdTe, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), organohalide lead perovskites, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyue Lin
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Min Yin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuying Hao
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanxia Cui
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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Leung SF, Zhang Q, Tavakoli MM, He J, Mo X, Fan Z. Progress and Design Concerns of Nanostructured Solar Energy Harvesting Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2536-2548. [PMID: 26918386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrating devices with nanostructures is considered a promising strategy to improve the performance of solar energy harvesting devices such as photovoltaic (PV) devices and photo-electrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting devices. Extensive efforts have been exerted to improve the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of such devices by utilizing novel nanostructures to revolutionize device structural designs. The thicknesses of light absorber and material consumption can be substantially reduced because of light trapping with nanostructures. Meanwhile, the utilization of nanostructures can also result in more effective carrier collection by shortening the photogenerated carrier collection path length. Nevertheless, performance optimization of nanostructured solar energy harvesting devices requires a rational design of various aspects of the nanostructures, such as their shape, aspect ratio, periodicity, etc. Without this, the utilization of nanostructures can lead to compromised device performance as the incorporation of these structures can result in defects and additional carrier recombination. The design guidelines of solar energy harvesting devices are summarized, including thin film non-uniformity on nanostructures, surface recombination, parasitic absorption, and the importance of uniform distribution of photo-generated carriers. A systematic view of the design concerns will assist better understanding of device physics and benefit the fabrication of high performance devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Fung Leung
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jin He
- Shenzhen SOC Key Laboratory, Peking University-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, 518051, China
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Sun M, Xu Z, Yin M, Lin Q, Lu L, Xue X, Zhu X, Cui Y, Fan Z, Ding Y, Tian L, Wang H, Chen X, Li D. Broad-band three dimensional nanocave ZnO thin film photodetectors enhanced by Au surface plasmon resonance. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8924-30. [PMID: 27073045 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ZnO semiconductor films with periodic 3D nanocave patterns were fabricated by the thermal nanoimprinting technology, which is promising for photodetectors with enhanced light harvesting capability. The Au nanoparticles were further introduced into the ZnO films, which boosts the UV response of ZnO films and extends the photodetection to visible regions. The best UV photoresponse was detected on the 3D nanocave ZnO-Au hybrid films, attributing to the light trapping mechanism of 3D periodic structures and the driving force of the Schottky barrier at the ZnO/Au interface, while the high visible photoresponse of ZnO-Au hybrid films mainly results from the hot electron generation and injection process over the Schottky junctions mediated by Au surface plasmon resonances. The work provides a cost-effective pathway to develop large-scale periodic 3D nanopatterned thin film photodetectors and is promising for the future deployment of high performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Min Yin
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Qingfeng Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SARChina
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xinzhong Xue
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yanxia Cui
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SARChina
| | - Yiling Ding
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Li Tian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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46
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Zheng X, Wei Z, Chen H, Zhang Q, He H, Xiao S, Fan Z, Wong KS, Yang S. Designing nanobowl arrays of mesoporous TiO₂ as an alternative electron transporting layer for carbon cathode-based perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6393-6402. [PMID: 26795208 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have designed a mesoporous TiO2 nanobowl (NB) array with pore size, bowl size and film thickness being easily controllable by the sol-gel process and the polystyrene (PS) template diameter. Based on the TiO2 NB array, we fabricated carbon cathode based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) to investigate the impact of TiO2 NB nanostructures on the performance of the as-obtained C-PSCs devices. As expected, the TiO2 NB based devices show a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than that of the planar counterpart, mainly due to the enhanced light absorption arising from the NB-assisted light management, the improved pore-filling of high quality perovskite crystals and the increased interface contact for rapid electron extraction and fast charge transport. Leveraging these advantages of the novel TiO2 NB film, the 220 nm-PS templated TiO2 NB based devices performed the best on both light absorption capability and charge extraction, and achieved a PCE up to 12.02% with good stability, which is 37% higher than that of the planar counterpart. These results point to a viable and convenient route toward the fabrication of TiO2 ETL nanostructures for high performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanhua Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haining Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianpeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang He
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Nano Science and Technology Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China and Nano Science and Technology Program, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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47
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Christesen JD, Pinion CW, Hill DJ, Kim S, Cahoon JF. Chemically Engraving Semiconductor Nanowires: Using Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Morphology to Encode Functionality from the Bottom Up. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:685-692. [PMID: 26817682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of semiconductors with nanometer-scale precision is a cornerstone of modern technology. Top-down methods, ranging from photolithography to focused-ion beam milling, are typically used to fabricate complex nanostructures. In this Perspective, we discuss an alternative bottom-up method to encode similar high-resolution morphology in semiconductor nanowires (NWs). This process, termed ENGRAVE for "Encoded Nanowire GRowth and Appearance through VLS and Etching", combines fast modulation of nanowire composition during vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth with composition-dependent wet-chemical etching. This method produces cylindrically symmetric structures in which the diameter is modulated on a sub-10 nm axial length scale. The process can produce patterns that range from periodic, centrosymmetric to nonperiodic, asymmetric structures, including gratings, fractals, tapers, ratchets, sinusoids, nanogaps, and nanodots. We discuss the prospect for the ENGRAVE process to become a complementary method of lithographic-like patterning that encodes unique morphologies and physical properties in semiconductors for a range of technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Christesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher W Pinion
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Seokhyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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48
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Lin CA, Tsai ML, Wei WR, Lai KY, He JH. Packaging Glass with a Hierarchically Nanostructured Surface: A Universal Method to Achieve Self-Cleaning Omnidirectional Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:549-555. [PMID: 26623934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fused-silica packaging glass fabricated with a hierarchical structure by integrating small (ultrathin nanorods) and large (honeycomb nanowalls) structures was demonstrated with exceptional light-harvesting solar performance, which is attributed to the subwavelength feature of the nanorods and an efficient scattering ability of the honeycomb nanowalls. Si solar cells covered with the hierarchically structured packaging glass exhibit enhanced conversion efficiency by 5.2% at normal incidence, and the enhancement went up to 46% at the incident angle of 60°. The hierarchical structured packaging glass shows excellent self-cleaning characteristics: 98.8% of the efficiency is maintained after 6 weeks of outdoor exposure, indicating that the nanostructured surface effectively repels polluting dust/particles. The presented self-cleaning omnidirectional light-harvesting design using the hierarchical structured packaging glass is a potential universal scheme for practical solar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-An Lin
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meng-Lin Tsai
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wan-Rou Wei
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun-Yu Lai
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University , Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Electrical Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Zhao D, Gao N, Jia R, Zhang L, Yan W, Liu D. Photoresistless fabrication of periodic patterns on GaAs by laser interference photochemical lithography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SEM images of (a) two-beam and (b) three-beam interference patterns formed on GaAs wafers by photochemical etching with an incident angle of 17°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Naikun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Duo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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50
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Lien DH, Retamal JRD, Ke JJ, Kang CF, He JH. Surface effects in metal oxide-based nanodevices. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19874-19884. [PMID: 26580674 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As devices shrink to the nanoscale, surface-to-volume ratio increases and the surface-environment interaction becomes a major factor for affecting device performance. The variation of electronic properties, including the surface band bending, gas chemisorption or photodesorption, native surface defects, and surface roughness, is called "surface effects". Such effects are ambiguous because they can be either negative or beneficial effects, depending on the environmental conditions and device application. This review provides an introduction to the surface effects on different types of nanodevices, offering the solutions to respond to their benefits and negative effects and provides an outlook on further applications regarding the surface effect. This review is beneficial for designing nano-enabled photodetectors, harsh electronics, memories, sensors and transistors via surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Hsien Lien
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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