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Liang J, Ji F, Abdullah ALB, Qin W, Zhu T, Tay YJ, Li Y, Han M. Micro/nano-plastics impacts in cardiovascular systems across species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173770. [PMID: 38851343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in the environment has become a critical public health issue due to their potential to infiltrate and affect various biological systems. Our review is crucial as it consolidates current data and provides a comprehensive analysis of the cardiovascular impacts of MPs/NPs across species, highlighting significant implications for human health. By synthesizing findings from studies on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans, this review offers insights into the ubiquity of MPs/NPs and their pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular systems. We demonstrated that exposure to MPs/NPs is linked to various cardiovascular ailments such as thrombogenesis, vascular damage, and cardiac impairments in model organisms, which likely extrapolate to humans. Our review critically evaluated methods for detecting MPs/NPs in biological tissues, assessing their toxicity, and understanding their behaviour within the vasculature. These findings emphasise the urgent need for targeted public health strategies and enhanced regulatory measures to mitigate the impacts of MP/NP pollution. Furthermore, the review underlined the necessity of advancing research methodologies to explore long-term effects and potential intergenerational consequences of MP/NP exposure. By mapping out the intricate links between environmental exposure and cardiovascular risks, our work served as a pivotal reference for future research and policymaking aimed at curbing the burgeoning threat of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Wei Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tian Zhu
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yi Juin Tay
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Mingming Han
- University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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Bruno A, Dovizio M, Milillo C, Aruffo E, Pesce M, Gatta M, Chiacchiaretta P, Di Carlo P, Ballerini P. Orally Ingested Micro- and Nano-Plastics: A Hidden Driver of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3079. [PMID: 39272937 PMCID: PMC11393928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16173079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPLs) can move along the food chain to higher-level organisms including humans. Three significant routes for MNPLs have been reported: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Accumulating evidence supports the intestinal toxicity of ingested MNPLs and their role as drivers for increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in high-risk populations such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, by using the leading scientific publication databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), we explored the possible effects and related mechanisms of MNPL exposure on the gut epithelium in healthy conditions and IBD patients. The summarized evidence supports the idea that oral MNPL exposure may contribute to intestinal epithelial damage, thus promoting and sustaining the chronic development of intestinal inflammation, mainly in high-risk populations such as IBD patients. Colonic mucus layer disruption may further facilitate MNPL passage into the bloodstream, thus contributing to the toxic effects of MNPLs on different organ systems and platelet activation, which may, in turn, contribute to the chronic development of inflammation and CRC development. Further exploration of this threat to human health is warranted to reduce potential adverse effects and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Milillo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- UdA-TechLab, Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66110 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Gatta
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Peng D, Sun S, Zhao M, Zhan L, Wang X. Current Advances in Nanomaterials Affecting Functions and Morphology of Platelets. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 39057309 PMCID: PMC11278457 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in the biomedical field due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They promise wide applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Nanodrugs are generally transported to target tissues or organs by coupling targeting molecules or enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) passively. As intravenous injection is the most common means of administration of nanomedicine, the transport process inevitably involves the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and blood cells. Platelets are known to not only play a critical role in normal coagulation by performing adhesion, aggregation, release, and contraction functions, but also be associated with pathological thrombosis, tumor metastasis, inflammation, and immune reactions, making it necessary to investigate the effects of NPs on platelet function during transport, particularly the way in which their physical and chemical properties determine their interaction with platelets and the underlying mechanisms by which they activate and induce platelet aggregation. However, such data are lacking. This review is intended to summarize the effects of NPs on platelet activation, aggregation, release, and apoptosis, as well as their effects on membrane proteins and morphology in order to shed light on such key issues as how to reduce their adverse reactions in the blood system, which should be taken into consideration in NP engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linsheng Zhan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (D.P.); (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (D.P.); (S.S.); (M.Z.)
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Asaad Y, Nemcovsky‐Amar D, Sznitman J, Mangin PH, Korin N. A double-edged sword: The complex interplay between engineered nanoparticles and platelets. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10669. [PMID: 39036095 PMCID: PMC11256164 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) play a crucial role in nanomedicine, serving as carriers for localized therapeutics to allow for precise drug delivery to specific disease sites and conditions. When injected systemically, NP can directly interact with various blood cell types, most critically with circulating platelets. Hence, the potential activation/inhibition of platelets following NP exposure must be evaluated a priori due to possible debilitating outcomes. In recent years, various studies have helped resolve the physicochemical parameters that influence platelet-NP interactions, and either emphasize nanoparticles' therapeutic role such as to augment hemostasis or to inhibit thrombus formation, or conversely map their potential undesired side effects upon injection. In the present review, we discuss some of the main effects of several key NP types including polymeric, ceramic, silica, dendrimers and metallic NPs on platelets, with a focus on the physicochemical parameters that can dictate these effects and modulate the therapeutic potential of the NP. Despite the scientific and clinical significance of understanding Platelet-NP interactions, there is a significant knowledge gap in the field and a critical need for further investigation. Moreover, improved guidelines and research methodologies need to be developed and implemented. Our outlook includes the use of biomimetic in vitro models to investigate these complex interactions under both healthy physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yathreb Asaad
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Pierre H. Mangin
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand‐Est, BPPS UMR‐S1255, FMTSStrasbourgFrance
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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Douglas-Green SA, Aleman JA, Hammond PT. Electrophoresis-Based Approach for Characterizing Dendrimer-Protein Interactions: A Proof-of-Concept Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3747-3758. [PMID: 38753577 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Improving the clinical translation of nanomedicine requires better knowledge about how nanoparticles interact with biological environments. As researchers are recognizing the importance of understanding the protein corona and characterizing how nanocarriers respond in biological systems, new tools and techniques are needed to analyze nanocarrier-protein interactions, especially for smaller size (<10 nm) nanoparticles like polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Here, we developed a streamlined, semiquantitative approach to assess dendrimer-protein interactions using a nondenaturing electrophoresis technique combined with mass spectrometry. With this protocol, we detect fluorescently tagged dendrimers and proteins simultaneously, enabling us to analyze when dendrimers migrate with proteins. We found that PAMAM dendrimers mostly interact with complement proteins, particularly C3 and C4a, which aligns with previously published data, verifying that our approach can be used to isolate and identify dendrimer-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Douglas-Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Juan A Aleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Lim SH, Wong TW, Tay WX. Overcoming colloidal nanoparticle aggregation in biological milieu for cancer therapeutic delivery: Perspectives of materials and particle design. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103094. [PMID: 38359673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles as cancer therapeutic carrier fail in clinical translation due to complex biological environments in vivo consisting of electrolytes and proteins which render nanoparticle aggregation and unable to reach action site. This review identifies the desirable characteristics of nanoparticles and their constituent materials that prevent aggregation from site of administration (oral, lung, injection) to target site. Oral nanoparticles should ideally be 75-100 nm whereas the size of pulmonary nanoparticles minimally affects their aggregation. Nanoparticles generally should carry excess negative surface charges particularly in fasting state and exert steric hindrance through surface decoration with citrate, anionic surfactants and large polymeric chains (polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone) to prevent aggregation. Anionic as well as cationic nanoparticles are both predisposed to protein corona formation as a function of biological protein isoelectric points. Their nanoparticulate surface composition as such should confer hydrophilicity or steric hindrance to evade protein corona formation or its formation should translate into steric hindrance or surface negative charges to prevent further aggregation. Unexpectedly, smaller and cationic nanoparticles are less prone to aggregation at cancer cell interface favoring endocytosis whereas aggregation is essential to enable nanoparticles retention and subsequent cancer cell uptake in tumor microenvironment. Present studies are largely conducted in vitro with simplified simulated biological media. Future aggregation assessment of nanoparticles in biological fluids that mimic that of patients is imperative to address conflicting materials and designs required as a function of body sites in order to realize the future clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Huan Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Republic of Singapore 117543
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Republic of Singapore 117543; Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; UM-UiTM Excipient Development Research Unit (EXDEU), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Xian Tay
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Republic of Singapore 117543
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Ezeh CK, Dibua MEU. Anti-biofilm, drug delivery and cytotoxicity properties of dendrimers. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:239-267. [PMID: 38720923 PMCID: PMC11075165 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Treatments using antimicrobial agents have faced many difficulties as a result of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms. The biofilm matrix formed by these microorganisms prevents antimicrobial agents from penetrating the interior where they can exact their activity effectively. Additionally, extracellular polymeric molecules associated with biofilm surfaces can absorb antimicrobial compounds, lowering their bioavailability. This problem has resulted in the quest for alternative treatment protocols, and the development of nanomaterials and devices through nanotechnology has recently been on the rise. Research approach The literature on dendrimers was searched for in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Key results As a nanomaterial, dendrimers have found useful applications as a drug delivery vehicle for antimicrobial agents against biofilm-mediated infections to circumvent these defense mechanisms. The distinctive properties of dendrimers, such as multi-valency, biocompatibility, high water solubility, non-immunogenicity, and biofilm matrix-/cell membrane fusogenicity (ability to merge with intracellular membrane or other proteins), significantly increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and reduce the likelihood of recurring infections. Conclusion This review outlines the current state of dendrimer carriers for biofilm treatments, provides examples of their real-world uses, and examines potential drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Ezeh
- University of Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Li S, Sharaf MG, Rowe EM, Serrano K, Devine DV, Unsworth LD. Hemocompatibility of β-Cyclodextrin-Modified (Methacryloyloxy)ethyl Phosphorylcholine Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1165. [PMID: 37627230 PMCID: PMC10452919 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorbing toxins from the blood to augment membrane-based hemodialysis is an active area of research. Films composed of β-cyclodextrin-co-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (p(PMβCD-co-MPC)) with various monomer ratios were formed on magnetic nanoparticles and characterized. Surface chemistry effects on protein denaturation were evaluated and indicated that unmodified magnetic nanoparticles greatly perturbed the structure of proteins compared to coated particles. Plasma clotting assays were conducted to investigate the stability of plasma in the presence of particles, where a 2:2 monomer ratio yielded the best results for a given total surface area of particles. Total protein adsorption results revealed that modified surfaces exhibited reduced protein adsorption compared to bare particles, and pure MPC showed the lowest adsorption. Immunoblot results showed that fibrinogen, α1-antitrypsin, vitronectin, prekallikrein, antithrombin, albumin, and C3 correlated with film composition. Hemocompatibility testing with whole blood illustrated that the 1:3 ratio of CD to MPC had a negative impact on platelets, as evidenced by the increased activation, reduced response to an agonist, and reduced platelet count. Other formulations had statistically significant effects on platelet activation, but no formulation yielded apparent adverse effects on hemostasis. For the first time, p(PMβCD-co-MPC)-coated MNP were synthesized and their general hemocompatibility assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.L.)
| | - Mehdi Ghaffari Sharaf
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.L.)
| | - Elyn M. Rowe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada (K.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Katherine Serrano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada (K.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada (K.S.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Larry D. Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (S.L.)
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Christodoulides A, Hall A, Alves NJ. Exploring microplastic impact on whole blood clotting dynamics utilizing thromboelastography. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215817. [PMID: 37521965 PMCID: PMC10372794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of microplastics on blood clotting. It addresses the lack of comprehensive research on the effects of microplastic size and surface modification on clotting dynamics in human whole blood. Thromboelastography was used to examine aminated (aPS), carboxylated (cPS), and non-functionalized (nPS) polystyrene particles with sizes of 50, 100, and 500 nm. Results show that cPS consistently activated the clotting cascade, demonstrating increased fibrin polymerization rates, and enhanced clot strength in a size and concentration-dependent manner. nPS had minimal effects on clotting dynamics except for 50 nm particles at the lowest concentration. The clotting effects of aPS (100 nm particles) resembled those of cPS but were diminished in the 500 nm aPS group. These findings emphasize the importance of microplastic surface modification, size, concentration, and surface area on in-vitro whole blood clotting dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Christodoulides
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Abigail Hall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Newton HS, Zhang J, Donohue D, Unnithan R, Cedrone E, Xu J, Vermilya A, Malys T, Clogston JD, Dobrovolskaia MA. Multicolor flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping for preclinical characterization of nanotechnology-based formulations: an insight into structure activity relationship and nanoparticle biocompatibility profiles. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1126012. [PMID: 37470031 PMCID: PMC10353541 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunophenotyping, which is the identification of immune cell subsets based on antigen expression, is an integral technique used to determine changes of cell composition and activation in various disease states or as a response to different stimuli. As nanoparticles are increasingly utilized for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, it is important to develop methodology that allows for the evaluation of their immunological impact. Therefore, the development of techniques such as immunophenotyping are desirable. Currently, the most common technique used to perform immunophenotyping is multicolor flow cytometry. Methods We developed two distinct multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotyping panels which allow for the evaluation of the effects of nanoparticles on the composition and activation status of treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These two panels assess the presence of various lymphoid and myeloid-derived cell populations as well as aspects of their activation statuses-including proliferation, adhesion, co-stimulation/presentation, and early activation-after treatment with controls or nanoparticles. To conduct assay performance qualification and determine the applicability of this method to preclinical characterization of nanoparticles, we used clinical-grade nanoformulations (AmBisome, Doxil and Feraheme) and research-grade PAMAM dendrimers of different sizes (G3, G4 and G5) and surface functionalities (amine-, carboxy- and hydroxy-). Results and Discussion We found that formulations possessing intrinsic fluorescent properties (e.g., Doxil and AmBisome) interfere with accurate immunophenotyping; such interference may be partially overcome by dilution. In the absence of interference (e.g., in the case of dendrimers), nanoparticle size and surface functionalities determine their effects on the cells with large amine-terminated dendrimers being the most reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jenny Zhang
- Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Duncan Donohue
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ragi Unnithan
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Alison Vermilya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tyler Malys
- Statistics Department, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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Johnston BM, Grodzinsky AJ, Hammond PT. Charge shielding effects of PEG bound to NH 2-terminated PAMAM dendrimers - an experimental approach. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3033-3046. [PMID: 37038739 PMCID: PMC10131161 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cationic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers exhibit great potential for use in drug delivery, but their high charge density leads to an inherent cytotoxicity. To increase biocompatibility, many studies have attached poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains to the dendrimer surface. It is unclear how these tethered PEG chains influence the physicochemical properties of the dendrimer. Here, we develop a fluorescence-based assay utilizing anionic biological tissue to quantify the electrostatic binding affinity of a library of PEG-PAMAM conjugates with various PEG chain lengths and grafting densities. We find that covalently bound PEG chains reduce the electrostatic binding affinity more significantly than what can be achieved through covalent bonds only. Contrary to previous thought, this reduction is not explained by the steric hindrance effects of PEG chains, suggesting that other, non-covalent interactions between PEG and PAMAM are present. Using acetylated PAMAM conjugates, we convert electrostatic binding affinity to the number of charged amines accessible to the physiological environment. These data, coupled with 1H-NMR, allows us to study more closely the non-covalent interactions between PEG and PAMAM. We find that increasing PEG chain length increases the number of non-covalent interactions. Additionally, at low grafting densities, increasing the number of PEG chains on the PAMAM surface also increases the non-covalent interactions. At higher grafting densities, however, PEG chains sterically repel one another, forcing chains to elongate away from the surface and reducing the number of interactions between PAMAM and individual PEG chains. The data presented here provides a framework for a more precise mechanistic understanding of how the length and density of tethered PEG chains on PAMAM dendrimers influence drug delivery properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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12
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Michna A, Pomorska A, Ozcan O. Biocompatible Macroion/Growth Factor Assemblies for Medical Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040609. [PMID: 37189357 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are a class of proteins that play a role in the proliferation (the increase in the number of cells resulting from cell division) and differentiation (when a cell undergoes changes in gene expression becoming a more specific type of cell) of cells. They can have both positive (accelerating the normal healing process) and negative effects (causing cancer) on disease progression and have potential applications in gene therapy and wound healing. However, their short half-life, low stability, and susceptibility to degradation by enzymes at body temperature make them easily degradable in vivo. To improve their effectiveness and stability, growth factors require carriers for delivery that protect them from heat, pH changes, and proteolysis. These carriers should also be able to deliver the growth factors to their intended destination. This review focuses on the current scientific literature concerning the physicochemical properties (such as biocompatibility, high affinity for binding growth factors, improved bioactivity and stability of the growth factors, protection from heat, pH changes or appropriate electric charge for growth factor attachment via electrostatic interactions) of macroions, growth factors, and macroion-growth factor assemblies, as well as their potential uses in medicine (e.g., diabetic wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer therapy). Specific attention is given to three types of growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factors, human fibroblast growth factors, and neurotrophins, as well as selected biocompatible synthetic macroions (obtained through standard polymerization techniques) and polysaccharides (natural macroions composed of repeating monomeric units of monosaccharides). Understanding the mechanisms by which growth factors bind to potential carriers could lead to more effective delivery methods for these proteins, which are of significant interest in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative and civilization diseases, as well as in the healing of chronic wounds.
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Moreira DA, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Dendrimers and Derivatives as Multifunctional Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041054. [PMID: 37111540 PMCID: PMC10140951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. It affects more than 30 million people worldwide and costs over US$ 1.3 trillion annually. AD is characterized by the brain accumulation of amyloid β peptide in fibrillar structures and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons, both leading to toxicity and neuronal death. At present, there are only seven drugs approved for the treatment of AD, of which only two can slow down cognitive decline. Moreover, their use is only recommended for the early stages of AD, meaning that the major portion of AD patients still have no disease-modifying treatment options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient therapies for AD. In this context, nanobiomaterials, and dendrimers in particular, offer the possibility of developing multifunctional and multitargeted therapies. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, dendrimers are first-in-class macromolecules for drug delivery. They have a globular, well-defined, and hyperbranched structure, controllable nanosize and multivalency, which allows them to act as efficient and versatile nanocarriers of different therapeutic molecules. In addition, different types of dendrimers display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-prion, and most importantly for the AD field, anti-amyloidogenic properties. Therefore, dendrimers can not only be excellent nanocarriers, but also be used as drugs per se. Here, the outstanding properties of dendrimers and derivatives that make them excellent AD nanotherapeutics are reviewed and critically discussed. The biological properties of several dendritic structures (dendrimers, derivatives, and dendrimer-like polymers) that enable them to be used as drugs for AD treatment will be pointed out and the chemical and structural characteristics behind those properties will be analysed. The reported use of these nanomaterials as nanocarriers in AD preclinical research is also presented. Finally, future perspectives and challenges that need to be overcome to make their use in the clinic a reality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A Moreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Abdelgalil R, Khattab SN, Ebrahim S, Elkhodairy KA, Teleb M, Bekhit AA, Sallam MA, Elzoghby AO. Engineered Sericin-Tagged Layered Double Hydroxides for Combined Delivery of Pemetrexed and ZnO Quantum Dots as Biocompatible Cancer Nanotheranostics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5655-5671. [PMID: 36816638 PMCID: PMC9933221 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive progress in the field of cancer nanotheranostics, clinical development of biocompatible theranostic nanomedicine remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we engineered biocompatible silk-sericin-tagged inorganic nanohybrids for efficient treatment and imaging of cancer cells. The developed nanocarriers are anticipated to overcome the premature release of the chemotherapeutic drug pemetrexed (PMX), enhance the colloidal stability of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and maintain the luminescence properties of ZnO quantum dots (QDs). Materials and Methods: PMX-intercalated LDHs were modified with sericin and coupled to ZnO QDs for therapy and imaging of breast cancer cells. Results: The optimized nanomedicine demonstrated a sustained release profile of PMX, and high cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to free PMX. In addition, high cellular uptake of the engineered nanocarriers into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was accomplished. Conclusions: Conclusively, the LDH-sericin nanohybrids loaded with PMX and conjugated to ZnO QDs offered a promising cancer theranostic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham
M. Abdelgalil
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Cancer
Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sherine N. Khattab
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Shaker Ebrahim
- Department
of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Kadria A. Elkhodairy
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Cancer
Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Cancer
Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Cancer
Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Marwa A. Sallam
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Elzoghby
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Cancer
Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Division
of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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15
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Tran DQ, Stelflug N, Hall A, Nallan Chakravarthula T, Alves NJ. Microplastic Effects on Thrombin-Fibrinogen Clotting Dynamics Measured via Turbidity and Thromboelastography. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121864. [PMID: 36551292 PMCID: PMC9775992 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics, whether manufactured or resulting from environmental degradation, can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal pathways. Previous research has found that nanoplastics with diameters of ≤100 nm can translocate into the circulatory system in a dose-dependent manner and potentially impact thrombosis and hemostasis. To investigate the direct effects of microplastics on fibrin clot formation, a simplified ex vivo human thrombin/fibrinogen clot model was utilized. The 100 nm polystyrene particles (non-functionalized [nPS] and aminated [aPS]) were preincubated (0-200 µg/mL) with either thrombin or fibrinogen, and fibrin clot formation was characterized via turbidity and thromboelastography (TEG). When the particles were preincubated with fibrinogen, little effect was observed for aPS or nPS on turbidity or TEG up through 100 µg/mL. TEG results demonstrated a significant impact on clot formation rate and strength, in the case of nPS preincubated with thrombin exhibiting a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the presence of microplastics can have inhibitory effects on fibrin clot formation that are dependent upon both particle surface charge and concentration. Negatively charged nPS exhibited the most significant impacts to clot strength, turbidity, and rate of fibrin formation when first incubated with thrombin, with its impact being greatly diminished when preincubated with fibrinogen in this simplified fibrin clot model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Q. Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nathan Stelflug
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Abigail Hall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tanmaye Nallan Chakravarthula
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li L, Wei L, Wang H, Zeng Z, Tan J, Liu S, Hao G, Weng Y, Chen J. Proactive Hemocompatibility Platform Initiated by PAMAM Dendrimer Adapting to Key Components in Coagulation System. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4685-4695. [PMID: 36278815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification manipulates the application performance of materials, and thrombosis caused by material contact is a key risk factor of biomaterials failure in blood-contacting/implanting devices. Therefore, building a safe and effective hemocompatibility platform is still urgent. Owing to the unique properties of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, in this study, modified surfaces with varying dendrimer densities were interacted with elements maintaining blood homeostasis. These included the plasma proteins bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen, cells in blood (platelets and erythrocyte), as well as endothelial cells (ECs), and the objective was to evaluate the blood compatibility of the chosen materials. Whole blood test and dynamic blood circulation experiment by the arteriovenous shunt mode of rabbit were also conducted, based on the complexity and fluidity of blood. The PAMAM-modified substrates, particularly that with a high density of PAMAM (N1.0), adsorbed proteins with lessened fibrinogen adsorption, reduced platelet activation and aggregation, and suppressed clotting in whole blood and dynamic blood testing. Furthermore, the designed PAMAM dendrimer densities were safe and showed negligible erythrocyte lysis. Concurrently, PAMAM modification could maintain EC growth and did not trigger the release of procoagulant factors. These results suggest that the PAMAM-modified materials are compatible for maintaining blood homeostasis. Thus, PAMAM dendrimers can work as excellent surface modifiers for constructing a hemocompatibility platform and even a primer layer for desired functional design, promoting the service performance of blood-contacting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Huanran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Gangtong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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17
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Dobrovolskaia MA. Lessons learned from immunological characterization of nanomaterials at the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984252. [PMID: 36304452 PMCID: PMC9592561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology carriers have become common in pharmaceutical products because of their benefits to drug delivery, including reduced toxicities and improved efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients due to targeted delivery, prolonged circulation time, and controlled payload release. While available examples of reduced drug toxicity through formulation using a nanocarrier are encouraging, current data also demonstrate that nanoparticles may change a drug’s biodistribution and alter its toxicity profile. Moreover, individual components of nanoparticles and excipients commonly used in formulations are often not immunologically inert and contribute to the overall immune responses to nanotechnology-formulated products. Said immune responses may be beneficial or adverse depending on the indication, dose, dose regimen, and route of administration. Therefore, comprehensive toxicology studies are of paramount importance even when previously known drugs, components, and excipients are used in nanoformulations. Recent data also suggest that, despite decades of research directed at hiding nanocarriers from the immune recognition, the immune system’s inherent property of clearing particulate materials can be leveraged to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs formulated using nanoparticles. Herein, I review current knowledge about nanoparticles’ interaction with the immune system and how these interactions contribute to nanotechnology-formulated drug products’ safety and efficacy through the lens of over a decade of nanoparticle characterization at the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory.
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18
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Yang F, Xue J, Wang G, Diao Q. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999404. [PMID: 36172197 PMCID: PMC9512262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in the management of cardiovascular diseases, pharmaceutical treatment remains suboptimal because of poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity. However, since being harnessed in the cancer field for the delivery of safer and more effective chemotherapeutics, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have offered multiple significant therapeutic effects in treating cardiovascular diseases. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems alter the biodistribution of therapeutic agents through site-specific, target-oriented delivery and controlled drug release of precise medicines. Metal-, lipid-, and polymer-based nanoparticles represent ideal materials for use in cardiovascular therapeutics. New developments in the therapeutic potential of drug delivery using nanoparticles and the application of nanomedicine to cardiovascular diseases are described in this review. Furthermore, this review discusses our current understanding of the potential role of nanoparticles in metabolism and toxicity after therapeutic action, with a view to providing a safer and more effective strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjiang Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhi Diao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Hainan, China
- *Correspondence: Qizhi Diao,
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Alshammari RA, Aleanizy FS, Aldarwesh A, Alqahtani FY, Mahdi WA, Alquadeib B, Alqahtani QH, Haq N, Shakeel F, Abdelhady HG, Alsarra IA. Retinal Delivery of the Protein Kinase C-β Inhibitor Ruboxistaurin Using Non-Invasive Nanoparticles of Polyamidoamine Dendrimers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1444. [PMID: 35890338 PMCID: PMC9322846 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruboxistaurin (RBX) is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent that is used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and is mainly given intravitreally. To provide a safe and effective method for RBX administration, this study was designed to develop RBX nanoparticles using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 5 for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Drug loading efficiency, and in vitro release of proposed complexes of RBX: PAMAM dendrimers were determined and the complexation ratio that showed the highest possible loading efficiency was selected. The drug loading efficiency (%) of 1:1, 2.5:1, and 5:1 complexes was 89.2%, 96.4%, and 97.6%, respectively. Loading capacities of 1:1, 2.5:1, and 5:1 complexes were 1.6%, 4.0%, and 7.2% respectively. In comparison, the 5:1 complex showed the best results in the aforementioned measurements. The in vitro release studies showed that in 8 h, the RBX release from 1:1, 2.5:1, and 5:1 complexes was 37.5%, 35.9%, and 77.0%, respectively. In particular, 5:1 complex showed the highest drug release. In addition, particle size measurements showed that the diameter of empty PAMAM dendrimers was 214.9 ± 8.5 nm, whereas the diameters of loaded PAMAM dendrimers in 1:1, 2.5:1, 5:1 complexes were found to be 461.0 ± 6.4, 482.4 ± 12.5, and 420.0 ± 7.1 nm, respectively. Polydispersity index (PDI) showed that there were no significant changes in the PDI between the free and loaded PAMAM dendrimers. The zeta potential measurements showed that the free and loaded nanoparticles possessed neutral charges due to the presence of anionic and cationic terminal structures. Furthermore, the safety of this formulation was apparent on the viability of the MIO-M1 cell lines. This nanoformulation will improve the therapeutic outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy and the bioavailability of RBX to prevent vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Fadilah S. Aleanizy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Amal Aldarwesh
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fulwah Y. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Bushra Alquadeib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Qamraa H. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Hosam G. Abdelhady
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, 925 City Central Avenue, Conroe, TX 77304, USA;
| | - Ibrahim A. Alsarra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.Y.A.); (W.A.M.); (B.A.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (I.A.A.)
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20
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Safety Challenges and Application Strategies for the Use of Dendrimers in Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061292. [PMID: 35745863 PMCID: PMC9230513 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are used for a variety of applications in medicine but, due to their host–guest and entrapment characteristics, are particularly used for the delivery of genes and drugs. However, dendrimers are intrinsically toxic, thus creating a major limitation for their use in biological systems. To reduce such toxicity, biocompatible dendrimers have been designed and synthesized, and surface engineering has been used to create advantageous changes at the periphery of dendrimers. Although dendrimers have been reviewed previously in the literature, there has yet to be a systematic and comprehensive review of the harmful effects of dendrimers. In this review, we describe the routes of dendrimer exposure and their distribution in vivo. Then, we discuss the toxicity of dendrimers at the organ, cellular, and sub-cellular levels. In this review, we also describe how technology can be used to reduce dendrimer toxicity, by changing their size and surface functionalization, how dendrimers can be combined with other materials to generate a composite formulation, and how dendrimers can be used for the diagnosis of disease. Finally, we discuss future challenges, developments, and research directions in developing biocompatible and safe dendrimers for medical purposes.
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Butnarasu C, Petrini P, Bracotti F, Visai L, Guagliano G, Fiorio Pla A, Sansone E, Petrillo S, Visentin S. Mucosomes: Intrinsically Mucoadhesive Glycosylated Mucin Nanoparticles as Multi-Drug Delivery Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200340. [PMID: 35608152 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex barrier for pharmacological treatments and overcoming it is one of the major challenges faced during transmucosal drug delivery. To tackle this issue, a novel class of glycosylated nanoparticles, named "mucosomes," which are based on the most important protein constituting mucus, the mucin, is introduced. Mucosomes are designed to improve drug absorption and residence time on the mucosal tissues. Mucosomes are produced (150-300 nm), functionalized with glycans, and loaded with the desired drug in a single one-pot synthetic process and, with this method, a wide range of small and macro molecules can be loaded with different physicochemical properties. Various in vitro models are used to test the mucoadhesive properties of mucosomes. The presence of functional glycans is indicated by the interaction with lectins. Mucosomes are proven to be storable at 4 °C after lyophilization, and administration through a nasal spray does not modify the morphology of the mucosomes. In vitro and in vivo tests indicate mucosomes do not induce adverse effects under the investigated conditions. This study proposes mucosomes as a ground-breaking nanosystem that can be applied in several pathological contexts, especially in mucus-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Butnarasu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Francesco Bracotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM) Centre for Health Technologies (CHT) UdR INSTM University of Pavia Pavia 27100 Italy
- Medicina Clinica‐Specialistica UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie ICS Maugeri IRCCS Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Ettore Sansone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science University of Turin via Quarello 15 Torino 10135 Italy
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22
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Saw WS, Anasamy T, Anh Do TT, Lee HB, Chee CF, Isci U, Misran M, Dumoulin F, Chong WY, Kiew LV, Imae T, Chung LY. Nanoscaled PAMAM Dendrimer Spacer Improved the Photothermal-Photodynamic Treatment Efficiency of Photosensitizer-Decorated Confeito-Like Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200130. [PMID: 35579182 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A critical factor in developing an efficient photosensitizer-gold nanoparticle (PS-AuNP) hybrid system with improved plasmonic photosensitization is to allocate a suitable space between AuNPs and PS. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer is selected as a spacer between the PS and confeito-like gold nanoparticles (confeito-AuNPs), providing the required distance (≈2.5-22.5 nm) for plasmon-enhanced singlet oxygen generation and heat production upon 638-nm laser irradiation and increase the cellular internalization of the nanoconjugates. The loading of the PS, tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) and modified zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc1) onto PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs demonstrate better in vitro cancer cell-killing efficacy, as the combined photothermal-photodynamic therapies (PTT-PDTs) outperforms the single treatment modalities (PTT or PDT alone). These PS-PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs also demonstrate higher phototoxicity than photosensitizers directly conjugated to confeito-AuNPs (TCPP-confeito-AuNPs and ZnPc1-confeito-AuNPs) against all breast cancer cell lines tested (MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and 4T1). In the in vivo studies, TCPP-PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs are biocompatible and exhibit a selective tumor accumulation effect, resulting in higher antitumor efficacy than free TCPP, PAMAM-confeito-AuNPs and TCPP-confeito-AuNPs. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm PAMAM effectiveness in facilitating cellular uptake, plasmon-enhanced singlet oxygen and heat generation. In summary, this study highlights the potential of integrating a PAMAM spacer in enhancing the plasmon effect-based photothermal-photodynamic anticancer treatment efficiency of PS-decorated confeito-AuNPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shang Saw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Theebaa Anasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, 75150, Malaysia
| | - Thu Thi Anh Do
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Umit Isci
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Wu Yi Chong
- Photonics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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23
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Szebeni J, Storm G, Ljubimova JY, Castells M, Phillips EJ, Turjeman K, Barenholz Y, Crommelin DJA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Applying lessons learned from nanomedicines to understand rare hypersensitivity reactions to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:337-346. [PMID: 35393599 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
After over a billion of vaccinations with messenger RNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, anaphylaxis and other manifestations of hypersensitivity can be considered as very rare adverse events. Although current recommendations include avoiding a second dose in those with first-dose anaphylaxis, the underlying mechanisms are unknown; therefore, the risk of a future reaction cannot be predicted. Given how important new mRNA constructs will be to address the emergence of new viral variants and viruses, there is an urgent need for clinical approaches that would allow a safe repeated immunization of high-risk individuals and for reliable predictive tools of adverse reactions to mRNA vaccines. In many aspects, anaphylaxis symptoms experienced by the affected vaccine recipients resemble those of infusion reactions to nanomedicines. Here we share lessons learned over a decade of nanomedicine research and discuss the current knowledge about several factors that individually or collectively contribute to infusion reactions to nanomedicines. We aim to use this knowledge to inform the SARS-CoV-2 lipid-nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Szebeni
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SeroScience LCC, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keren Turjeman
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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24
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Assessment of the effect of polymeric nanoparticles on storage and stability of blood products (red blood cells, plasma, and platelet). Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Synergetic Enhancement of Tumor Double-Targeted MRI Nano-Probe. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063119. [PMID: 35328540 PMCID: PMC8955029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents utilizing nanocarriers is a promising approach for cancer theranostics. Unfortunately, this approach often faces hindered tumor access that decreases the therapeutic index and limits the further clinical translation of a developing drug. Here, we demonstrated a strategy of simultaneously double-targeting the drug to two distinct cites of tumor tissue: the tumor endothelium and cell surface receptors. We used fourth-generation polyamideamine dendrimers modified with a chelated Gd and functionalized with selectin ligand and alpha-fetoprotein receptor-binding peptide. According to the proposed strategy, IELLQAR peptide promotes the conjugate recruitment to the tumor inflammatory microenvironment and enhances extravasation through the interaction of nanodevice with P- and E-selectins expressed by endothelial cells. The second target moiety-alpha-fetoprotein receptor-binding peptide-enhances drug internalization into cancer cells and the intratumoral retention of the conjugate. The final conjugate contained 18 chelated Gd ions per dendrimer, characterized with a 32 nm size and a negative surface charge of around 18 mV. In vitro contrasting properties were comparable with commercially available Gd-chelate: r1 relaxivity was 3.39 for Magnevist and 3.11 for conjugate; r2 relaxivity was 5.12 for Magnevist and 4.81 for conjugate. By utilizing this dual targeting strategy, we demonstrated the increment of intratumoral accumulation, and a remarkable enhancement of antitumor effect, resulting in high-level synergy compared to monotargeted conjugates. In summary, the proposed strategy utilizing tumor tissue double-targeting may contribute to an enhancement in drug and diagnostic accumulation in aggressive tumors.
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26
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Hu B, Liu R, Liu Q, Lin Z, Shi Y, Li J, Wang L, Li L, Xiao X, Wu Y. Engineering surface patterns on nanoparticles: New insights on nano-bio interactions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2357-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles affect their fates in biological systems. Based on nanotechnology and methodology, pioneering works have explored the effects of chemical surface patterns on the behavior of...
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27
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Mehrizi TZ, Kafiabad SA, Eshghi P. Effects and treatment applications of polymeric nanoparticles on improving platelets' storage time: a review of the literature from 2010 to 2020. Blood Res 2021; 56:215-228. [PMID: 34880140 PMCID: PMC8721452 DOI: 10.5045/br.2021.2021094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the quality of platelet products and increasing their storage time are priorities for treatment applications. The formation of platelet storage lesions that limit the storage period and preservation temperature, which can prepare a decent environment for bacterial growth, are the most important challenges that researchers are dealing with in platelet preservation. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that has introduced novel solutions to resolve these problems. Here, we reviewed the reported effects of polymeric nanoparticles-including chitosan, dendrimers, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and liposome-on platelets in articles from 2010 to 2020. As a result, we concluded that the presence of dendrimer nanoparticles with a smaller size, negative charge, low molecular weight, and low concentration along with PEGylation can increase the stability and survival of platelets during storage. In addition, PEGylation of platelets can also be a promising approach to improve the quality of platelet bags during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Iran Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
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Peptide-Functionalized Dendrimer Nanocarriers for Targeted Microdystrophin Gene Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122159. [PMID: 34959441 PMCID: PMC8708248 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a good alternative for determined congenital disorders; however, there are numerous limitations for gene delivery in vivo including targeted cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and transport through the nuclear membrane. Here, a modified G5 polyamidoamine (G5 PAMAM) dendrimer-DNA complex was developed, which will allow cell-specific targeting to skeletal muscle cells and transport the DNA through the intracellular machinery and the nuclear membrane. The G5 PAMAM nanocarrier was modified with a skeletal muscle-targeting peptide (SMTP), a DLC8-binding peptide (DBP) for intracellular transport, and a nuclear localization signaling peptide (NLS) for nuclear uptake, and polyplexed with plasmid DNA containing the GFP-tagged microdystrophin (µDys) gene. The delivery of µDys has been considered as a therapeutic modality for patients suffering from a debilitating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) disorder. The nanocarrier-peptide-DNA polyplexes were prepared with different charge ratios and characterized for stability, size, surface charge, and cytotoxicity. Using the optimized nanocarrier polyplexes, the transfection efficiency in vitro was determined by demonstrating the expression of the GFP and the µDys protein using fluorescence and Western blotting studies, respectively. Protein expression in vivo was determined by injecting an optimal nanocarrier polyplex formulation to Duchenne model mice, mdx4Cv. Ultimately, these nanocarrier polyplexes will allow targeted delivery of the microdystrophin gene to skeletal muscle cells and result in improved muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
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29
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Lett Z, Hall A, Skidmore S, Alves NJ. Environmental microplastic and nanoplastic: Exposure routes and effects on coagulation and the cardiovascular system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118190. [PMID: 34563850 PMCID: PMC11098554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been a growing concern in recent decades due to the proliferation and ease of manufacturing of single use plastic products and inadequate waste and recycling management. Microplastic, and even smaller nanoplastic, particles are persistent pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial systems and are the subject of active and urgent research. This review will explore the current research on how exposure to plastic particles occurs and the risks associated from different exposure routes: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. The effects of microplastics on the cardiovascular system are of particular importance due to its sensitivity and ability to transport particles to other organ systems. The effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on the heart, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation will all be explored with focus on how the particle characteristics modulate their effect. Plastic particle interactions are highly dependent on both their size and their surface chemistry and interesting research is being done with the interaction of particle characteristics and effect on thrombosis and the cardiovascular system. There is significant uncertainty surrounding some of the findings in this field as research in this area is still maturing. There are undoubtedly more physiological consequences than we are currently aware of resulting from environmental plastic exposure and more studies need to be conducted to reveal the full extent of pathologies caused by the various routes of microplastic exposure, with particular emphasis on longitudinal exposure effects. Further research will allow us to recognize the full extent of physiological impact and begin developing viable solutions to reduce plastic pollution and potentially design interventions to mitigate in-vivo plastic effects following significant or prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Lett
- Emergency Medicine Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abigail Hall
- Emergency Medicine Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shelby Skidmore
- Emergency Medicine Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan J Alves
- Emergency Medicine Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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30
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Chowdhury S, Toth I, Stephenson RJ. Dendrimers in vaccine delivery: Recent progress and advances. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121303. [PMID: 34871877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined, highly branched, multivalent and monodisperse molecules which host a range of attractive, yet functional, chemical and biological characteristics. A dendrimers accessible surface groups enable coupling to different functional moieties (e.g., antibodies, peptides, proteins, etc), which is further assisted by the dendrimers tailored size and surface charge. This adaptability allows for the preparation of molecularly precise vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and in conjunction with a dendrimers immune stimulating (adjuvanting) property, makes dendrimers attractive substrates for biomedical applications, including vaccines. This review highlights the structural and synthetic evolution of dendrimers throughout history, detailing the dendrimers role as both an adjuvant and carrier system for vaccine antigens, in addition to reviewing the development of commercially available vaccines for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chowdhury
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia.
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia.
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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31
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Innate Immunity Modulating Impurities and the Immunotoxicity of Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237308. [PMID: 34885886 PMCID: PMC8658779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity can be triggered by the presence of microbial antigens and other contaminants inadvertently introduced during the manufacture and purification of bionanopharmaceutical products. Activation of these innate immune responses, including cytokine secretion, complement, and immune cell activation, can result in unexpected and undesirable host immune responses. These innate modulators can also potentially stimulate the activation of adaptive immune responses, including the formation of anti-drug antibodies which can impact drug effectiveness. To prevent induction of these adverse responses, it is important to detect and quantify levels of these innate immunity modulating impurities (IIMIs) that may be present in drug products. However, while it is universally agreed that removal of IIMIs from drug products is crucial for patient safety and to prevent long-term immunogenicity, there is no single assay capable of directly detecting all potential IIMIs or indirectly quantifying downstream biomarkers. Additionally, there is a lack of agreement as to which of the many analytical assays currently employed should be standardized for general IIMI screening. Herein, we review the available literature to highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IIMI-mediated inflammation and its relevance to the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. We further discuss methodologies used for direct and indirect IIMI identification and quantification.
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32
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Montague SJ, Patel P, Martin EM, Slater A, Quintanilla LG, Perrella G, Kardeby C, Nagy M, Mezzano D, Mendes PM, Watson SP. Platelet activation by charged ligands and nanoparticles: platelet glycoprotein receptors as pattern recognition receptors. Platelets 2021; 32:1018-1030. [PMID: 34266346 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1945571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge interactions play a critical role in the activation of the innate immune system by damage- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors. The ability of these receptors to recognize a wide spectrum of ligands through a common mechanism is critical in host defense. In this article, we argue that platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal through conserved tyrosine-based motifs function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for charged endogenous and exogenous ligands, including sulfated polysaccharides, charged proteins and nanoparticles. This is exemplified by GPVI, CLEC-2 and PEAR1 which are activated by a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous ligands, including diesel exhaust particles, sulfated polysaccharides and charged surfaces. We propose that this mechanism has evolved to drive rapid activation of platelets at sites of injury, but that under some conditions it can drive occlusive thrombosis, for example, when blood comes into contact with infectious agents or toxins. In this Opinion Article, we discuss mechanisms behind charge-mediated platelet activation and opportunities for designing nanoparticles and related agents such as dendrimers as novel antithrombotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Montague
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pushpa Patel
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Eleyna M Martin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lourdes Garcia Quintanilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Kardeby
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Trombosis y Hemostasia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
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33
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Tran HDN, Moonshi SS, Xu ZP, Ta HT. Influence of nanoparticles on the haemostatic balance: between thrombosis and haemorrhage. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:10-50. [PMID: 34775503 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a delicate haemostatic balance or a balance between clotting and bleeding is critical to human health. Irrespective of administration route, nanoparticles can reach the bloodstream and might interrupt the haemostatic balance by interfering with one or more components of the coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic systems, which potentially lead to thrombosis or haemorrhage. However, inadequate understanding of their effects on the haemostatic balance, along with the fact that most studies mainly focus on the functionality of nanoparticles while forgetting or leaving behind their risk to the body's haemostatic balance, is a major concern. Hence, our review aims to provide a comprehensive depiction of nanoparticle-haemostatic balance interactions, which has not yet been covered. The synergistic roles of cells and plasma factors participating in haemostatic balance are presented. Possible interactions and interference of each type of nanoparticle with the haemostatic balance are comprehensively discussed, particularly focusing on the underlying mechanisms. Interactions of nanoparticles with innate immunity potentially linked to haemostasis are mentioned. Various physicochemical characteristics that influence the nanoparticle-haemostatic balance are detailed. Challenges and future directions are also proposed. This insight would be valuable for the establishment of nanoparticles that can either avoid unintended interference with the haemostatic balance or purposely downregulate/upregulate its key components in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong D N Tran
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Blood Compatibility of Amphiphilic Phosphorous Dendrons-Prospective Drug Nanocarriers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111672. [PMID: 34829901 PMCID: PMC8615897 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrons are branched synthetic polymers suitable for preparation of nanosized drug delivery systems. Their interactions with biological systems are mainly predetermined by their chemical structure, terminal groups, surface charge, and the number of branched layers (generation). Any new compound intended to be used, alone or in combination, for medical purposes in humans must be compatible with blood. This study combined results from in vitro experiments on human blood and from laboratory experiments designed to assess the effect of amphiphilic phosphorous dendrons on blood components and model membranes, and to examine the presence and nature of interactions leading to a potential safety concern. The changes in hematological and coagulation parameters upon the addition of dendrons in the concentration range of 2–10 µM were monitored. We found that only the combination of higher concentration and higher generation of the dendron affected the selected clinically relevant parameters: it significantly decreased platelet count and plateletcrit, shortened thrombin time, and increased activated partial thromboplastin time. At the same time, occasional small-sized platelet clumps in blood films under the light microscope were observed. We further investigated aggregation propensity of the positively charged dendrons in model conditions using zwitterionic and negatively charged liposomes. The observed changes in size and zeta potential indicated the electrostatic nature of the interaction. Overall, we proved that the low-generation amphiphilic phosphorous dendrons were compatible with blood within the studied concentration range. However, interactions between high-generation dendrons at bulk concentrations above 10 µM and platelets and/or clotting factors cannot be excluded.
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Kheraldine H, Rachid O, Habib AM, Al Moustafa AE, Benter IF, Akhtar S. Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113908. [PMID: 34390777 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems or vectors are usually needed to improve the bioavailability and effectiveness of a drug through improving its pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics at an organ, tissue or cellular level. However, emerging technologies with sensitive readouts as well as a greater understanding of physiological/biological systems have revealed that polymeric drug delivery systems are not biologically inert but can have innate or intrinsic biological actions. In this article, we review the emerging multiple innate biological/toxicological properties of naked polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer delivery systems in the absence of any drug cargo and discuss their correlation with the defined physicochemical properties of PAMAMs in terms of molecular size (generation), architecture, surface charge and chemistry. Further, we assess whether any of the reported intrinsic biological actions of PAMAMs such as their antimicrobial activity or their ability to sequester glucose and modulate key protein interactions or cell signaling pathways, can be exploited clinically such as in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for 5-Fluorouracil: Effectiveness of Complex Formation and Cytotoxicity Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011167. [PMID: 34681827 PMCID: PMC8537672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two generations of positively charged poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) were selected for study as potential carriers for the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a drug primarily used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Analytical techniques, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, NMR Spectroscopy and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), have shown that the most critical factor determining the formation of a PAMAM-5FU complex is the starting components' protonation degree. The tests confirmed the system's ability to attach about 20 5FU molecules per one dendrimer molecule for the G4PAMAM dendrimer and about 25 molecules for the G6PAMAM dendrimer, which gives a system yield of 16% for the fourth generation and 5% for sixth generation dendrimers. Additionally, using the QCM-D method, the adsorption efficiency and the number of drug molecules immobilized in the dendrimer structure were determined. A new aspect in our study was the determination of the change in zeta potential (ζ) induced by the immobilization of 5FU molecules on the dendrimer's outer shell and the importance of this effect in the direct contact of the carrier with cells. Cytotoxicity tests (resazurin reduction and MTS tests) showed no toxicity of dendrimers against mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and a significant decrease in cell viability in the case of four human malignant cell lines: malignant melanoma (A375), glioblastoma (SNB-19), prostate cancer (Du-145) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) during incubation with PAMAM-5FU complexes. The purpose of our work was to investigate the correlation between the physicochemical properties of the carrier and active substance and the system efficiency and optimizing conditions for the formation of an efficient system based on PAMAM dendrimers as nanocarriers for 5-fluorouracil. An additional aspect was to identify potential application properties of the complexes, as demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests.
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Fernandes G, Pandey A, Kulkarni S, Mutalik SP, Nikam AN, Seetharam RN, Kulkarni SS, Mutalik S. Supramolecular dendrimers based novel platforms for effective oral delivery of therapeutic moieties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zadeh Mehrizi T, Amini Kafiabad S. Evaluation of the effects of nanoparticles on the therapeutic function of platelet: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:179-190. [PMID: 34244798 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nanotechnology and nanoparticles are used in different applications in disease monitoring and therapy in contact with blood. Nanoparticles showed different effects on blood components and reduced or improved the function of therapeutic platelet during the storage time. This review study was performed to evaluate the impacts of various sizes and charges of nanoparticles on platelet function and storage time. The present review contains the literature between 2010 and 2020. The data have been used from different sites such as PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect and online electronic journals. KEY FINDINGS From the literature survey, it has been demonstrated that among various properties, size and charge of nanoparticles were critical on the function of therapeutic platelet during the storage and inhibition of their aggregation. Overall, this study described that nanoparticles with smaller size and negative charge were more effective in increasing the survival time, inhibition of aggregation and improving the function of therapeutic platelet. SUMMARY Based on the current review, it can be confirmed that nanoparticles such as dendrimer, Au, Ag and iron oxide nanoparticles with smaller size and negative charge have significant advantages for improving the efficacy of platelets during the storage chain and inhibition of their aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Filik H, Avan AA. Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence Dendrimer-based Nanostructured Immunosensors for Tumor Marker Detection: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3490-3513. [PMID: 33076797 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201019143647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The usage of dendrimers or cascade molecules in the biomedical area has recently attracted much attention worldwide. Furthermore, dendrimers are interesting in clinical and pre-clinical applications due to their unique characteristics. Cancer is one of the most widespread challenges and important diseases, which has the highest mortality rate. In this review, the recent advances and developments (from 2009 up to 2019) in the field of electrochemical and electroluminescence immunosensors for detection of the cancer markers are presented. Moreover, this review covers the basic fabrication principles and types of electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence dendrimer-based immunosensors. In this review, we have categorized the current dendrimer based-electrochemical/ electroluminescence immunosensors into five groups: dendrimer/ magnetic particles, dendrimer/ferrocene, dendrimer/metal nanoparticles, thiol-containing dendrimer, and dendrimer/quantum dots based-immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Filik
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asiye Aslıhan Avan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zadeh Mehrizi T, Eshghi P. Investigation of the effect of nanoparticles on platelet storage duration 2010–2020. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-021-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Babadi D, Dadashzadeh S, Osouli M, Abbasian Z, Daryabari MS, Sadrai S, Haeri A. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of nanocarrier-mediated oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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42
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Pandey P, Ghimire G, Garcia J, Rubfiaro A, Wang X, Tomitaka A, Nair M, Kaushik A, He J. Single-Entity Approach to Investigate Surface Charge Enhancement in Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Induced by AC Magnetic Field Stimulation. ACS Sens 2021; 6:340-347. [PMID: 32449356 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs), composed of a piezoelectric shell and a ferromagnetic core, exhibited enhanced cell uptake and controlled drug release due to the enhanced localized electric field (surface charge/potential) and the generation of acoustics, respectively, upon applying alternating current (AC) magnetic (B)-field stimulation. This research, for the first time, implements an electrochemical single-entity approach to probe AC B-field induced strain mediated surface potential enhancement on MENP surface. The surface potential changes at the single-NP level can be probed by the open circuit potential changes of the floating carbon nanoelectrode (CNE) during the MENP-CNE collision events. The results confirmed that the AC B-field (60 Oe) stimulation caused localized surface potential enhancement of MENP. This observation is associated with the presence of a piezoelectric shell, whereas magnetic nanoparticles were found unaffected under identical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popular Pandey
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Govinda Ghimire
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Javier Garcia
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alberto Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Avila YI, Chandler M, Cedrone E, Newton HS, Richardson M, Xu J, Clogston JD, Liptrott NJ, Afonin KA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Induction of Cytokines by Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles (NANPs) Depends on the Type of Delivery Carrier. Molecules 2021; 26:652. [PMID: 33513786 PMCID: PMC7865455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the immunostimulatory properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have demonstrated that variations in the shape, size, and composition lead to distinct patterns in their immunostimulatory properties. While most of these studies have used a single lipid-based carrier to allow for NANPs' intracellular delivery, it is now apparent that the platform for delivery, which has historically been a hurdle for therapeutic nucleic acids, is an additional means to tailoring NANP immunorecognition. Here, the use of dendrimers for the delivery of NANPs is compared to the lipid-based platform and the differences in resulting cytokine induction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelixza I. Avila
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Hannah S. Newton
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Melina Richardson
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK;
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (Y.I.A.); (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.C.); (H.S.N.); (J.X.); (J.D.C.)
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Alfei S, Catena S, Turrini F. Biodegradable and biocompatible spherical dendrimer nanoparticles with a gallic acid shell and a double-acting strong antioxidant activity as potential device to fight diseases from "oxidative stress". Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:259-270. [PMID: 31628606 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenol with remarkable antioxidant power present in several vegetables and fruits. A normal feeding regime leads to a daily intake of GA which is reasonably regarded as "natural" and "safe" for humans. It owns strong potentials as alternative to traditional drugs to treat several diseases triggered by oxidative stress (OS), but poor gastrointestinal absorbability, pharmacokinetic drawbacks, and fast metabolism limit its clinical application. In this work, a fifth-generation polyester-based dendrimer was firstly prepared as a better absorbable carrier to protect and deliver GA. Then, by its peripheral esterification with GA units, a GA-enriched delivering system (GAD) with remarkable antioxidant power and high potential against diseases from OS was achieved. Scanning electron microscopy results and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed particles with an average size around 387 and 375 nm, respectively, and an extraordinarily spherical morphology. These properties, by determining a large particles surface area, typically favour higher systemic residence time and bio-efficiency. Z-potential of - 25 mV suggests satisfactory stability in solution with tendency to form megamers and low polydispersity index. GAD showed intrinsic antioxidant power, higher than GA by 4 times and like prodrugs, and it can carry contemporary several bioactive GA units versus cells. In physiological condition, the action of pig liver esterase (PLE), selected as a model of cells esterase, hydrolyses GAD to non-cytotoxic small molecules, thus setting free the bioactive GA units, for further antioxidant effects. Cytotoxicity studies performed on two cell lines demonstrated a high cell viability. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Catena
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Turrini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy
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Chis AA, Dobrea C, Morgovan C, Arseniu AM, Rus LL, Butuca A, Juncan AM, Totan M, Vonica-Tincu AL, Cormos G, Muntean AC, Muresan ML, Gligor FG, Frum A. Applications and Limitations of Dendrimers in Biomedicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E3982. [PMID: 32882920 PMCID: PMC7504821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine represents one of the main study areas for dendrimers, which have proven to be valuable both in diagnostics and therapy, due to their capacity for improving solubility, absorption, bioavailability and targeted distribution. Molecular cytotoxicity constitutes a limiting characteristic, especially for cationic and higher-generation dendrimers. Antineoplastic research of dendrimers has been widely developed, and several types of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, imatinib, sunitinib, cisplatin, melphalan and methotrexate have shown an improvement in comparison with the drug molecule alone. The anti-inflammatory therapy focused on dendrimer complexes of ibuprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, ketoprofen and diflunisal. In the context of the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, dendrimer complexes of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, beta-lactamines and aminoglycosides have shown promising effects. Regarding antiviral therapy, studies have been performed to develop dendrimer conjugates with tenofovir, maraviroc, zidovudine, oseltamivir and acyclovir, among others. Furthermore, cardiovascular therapy has strongly addressed dendrimers. Employed in imaging diagnostics, dendrimers reduce the dosage required to obtain images, thus improving the efficiency of radioisotopes. Dendrimers are macromolecular structures with multiple advantages that can suffer modifications depending on the chemical nature of the drug that has to be transported. The results obtained so far encourage the pursuit of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Dobrea
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
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46
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Aisina RB, Mukhametova LI, Ivanova EM. The Nature of the Inhibitory Action of Anionic Polyamidoamine Dendrimers of Generation 1.5–3.5 on the Activity of the Fibrinolytic System. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Chen G, Wang Y, Ullah A, Huai Y, Xu Y. The effects of fluoroalkyl chain length and density on siRNA delivery of bioreducible poly(amido amine)s. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105433. [PMID: 32590121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is an attractive strategy for the improvement of transfection efficiency of nucleic acid delivery vectors. Bioreducible poly(amido amine)s (bPAAs) are an important class of biomaterials exhibited to effectively deliver multiple nucleic acids. However, still, the effects of fluoroalkyl chain length and density of bPAA on siRNA delivery are unveiled. Here, we synthesized bPAAs and grafted with different chain lengths and densities of fluorocarbon compounds. Furthermore, we prepared a library of complexes of fluorinated bPAA and siRNA, and investigated the effects of fluorination on the siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. We found that all the synthesized bPAAs readily formed complexes with siRNA and the fluorinated complexes considerably achieved improved gene silencing efficacies both in vitro and in vivo. Dramatically, the gene silencing efficacy was increased with increasing fluorine contents. Heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HF) modified bPAAs achieved better gene silencing efficacy when compared with bPAAs fluorinated by trifluoroacetic anhydride (TF) and pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PF) providing the evidence for choosing of best one among fluorocarbon compounds. In addition, a combination of fluorination with bioreducibility enables efficient and safe siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yuying Huai
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Milosevic A, Romeo D, Wick P. Understanding Nanomaterial Biotransformation: An Unmet Challenge to Achieving Predictive Nanotoxicology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907650. [PMID: 32402142 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the first concepts of predictive nanotoxicology were formulated. During this time, many advancements have been achieved in multiple disciplines, including the success stories of the fiber paradigm and the oxidative stress paradigm. However, important knowledge gaps are slowing down the development of predictive nanotoxicology and require a mutidisciplinary effort to be overcome. Among these gaps, understanding, reproducing, and modeling of nanomaterial biotransformation in biological environments is a central challenge, both in vitro and in silico. This dynamic and complex process is still a challenge for today's bioanalytics. This work explores and discusses selected approaches of the multidisciplinary efforts taken in the last decade and the challenges that remain unmet, in particular concerning nanomaterial biotransformation. It highlights some future advancements that, together, can help to understand such complex processes and accelerate the development of predictive nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milosevic
- Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Daina Romeo
- Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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Jiang F, Zhu Y, Gong C, Wei X. Atherosclerosis and Nanomedicine Potential: Current Advances and Future Opportunities. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3534-3554. [PMID: 30827225 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190301143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading inducement of cardiovascular diseases, which ranks the first cause of global deaths. It is an arterial disease associated with dyslipidemia and changes in the composition of the vascular wall. Besides invasive surgical strategy, the current conservative clinical treatment for atherosclerosis falls into two categories, lipid regulating-based therapy and antiinflammatory therapy. However, the existing strategies based on conventional drug delivery systems have shown limited efficacy against disease development and plenty of side effects. Nanomedicine has great potential in the development of targeted therapy, controlled drug delivery and release, the design of novel specific drugs and diagnostic modalities, and biocompatible scaffolds with multifunctional characteristics, which has led to an evolution in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. This paper will focus on the latest nanomedicine strategies for atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment as well as discussing the potential therapeutic targets during atherosclerosis progress, which could form the basis of development of novel nanoplatform against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqi Zhu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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50
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Sakai-Kato K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Chida T, Okazaki M, Kozaki M. Robust Nanoparticle Morphology and Size Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy for Standardization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:791-796. [PMID: 32741922 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of the complexity of nanomedicines, analysis of their morphology and size has attracted considerable attention both from researchers and regulatory agencies. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool because it can provide detailed morphological characteristics of nanoparticles both in the air and in aqueous medium. However, to our knowledge, AFM methods for nanomedicines have yet to be standardized or be listed in any pharmacopeias. To assess the applicability of standardization of AFM, in this study, we aimed to identify robust conditions for assessing the morphology and size of nanoparticles based on a polystyrene nanoparticle certified reference material standard. The spring constant of the cantilever did not affect the size of the nanoparticles but needed to be optimized depending on the measurement conditions. The size analysis method of the obtained images affected the results of the analyzed size values. The results analyzed by cross-sectional line profiling were independent of the measurement conditions and gave similar results to those from dynamic light scattering. It was indicated that approximately 100 particles are required for a representative measurement. Under the optimized conditions, there were no significant inter-instrument differences in the analyzed size values of polystyrene nanoparticles both in air and under aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manami Okazaki
- Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories
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