1
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Schwarz AM, Keresztes A, Bui T, Hecksel R, Peña A, Lent B, Gao ZG, Gamez-Rivera M, Seekins CA, Chou K, Appel TL, Jacobson KA, Al-Obeidi FA, Streicher JM. Terpenes from Cannabis sativa induce antinociception in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain via activation of adenosine A2A receptors. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00589. [PMID: 38709489 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Terpenes are small hydrocarbon compounds that impart aroma and taste to many plants, including Cannabis sativa. A number of studies have shown that terpenes can produce pain relief in various pain states in both humans and animals. However, these studies were methodologically limited and few established mechanisms of action. In our previous work, we showed that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-pinene, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene produced cannabimimetic behavioral effects via multiple receptor targets. We thus expanded this work to explore the potential antinociception and mechanism of these Cannabis terpenes in a mouse model of chronic pain. We first tested for antinociception by injecting terpenes (200 mg/kg, IP) into male and female CD-1 mice with mouse models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain, finding that the terpenes produced roughly equal antinociception to 10 mg/kg morphine or 3.2 mg/kg WIN55,212. We further found that none of the terpenes produced reward as measured by conditioned place preference, while low doses of terpene (100 mg/kg) combined with morphine (3.2 mg/kg) produced enhanced antinociception vs either alone. We then used the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) selective antagonist istradefylline (3.2 mg/kg, IP) and spinal cord-specific CRISPR knockdown of the A2AR to identify this receptor as the mechanism for terpene antinociception in CIPN. In vitro cAMP and binding studies and in silico modeling studies further suggested that the terpenes act as A2AR agonists. Together these studies identify Cannabis terpenes as potential therapeutics for chronic neuropathic pain and identify a receptor mechanism for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Schwarz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Thai Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Hecksel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Adrian Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brianna Lent
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martín Gamez-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Caleb A Seekins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kerry Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor L Appel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fahad A Al-Obeidi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Comprehensive Center for Pain and Addiction, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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2
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Sayar-Atasoy N, Yavuz Y, Laule C, Dong C, Kim H, Rysted J, Flippo K, Davis D, Aklan I, Yilmaz B, Tian L, Atasoy D. Opioidergic signaling contributes to food-mediated suppression of AgRP neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113630. [PMID: 38165803 PMCID: PMC10865729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are generally known to promote hedonic food consumption. Although much of the existing evidence is primarily based on studies of the mesolimbic pathway, endogenous opioids and their receptors are widely expressed in hypothalamic appetite circuits as well; however, their role in homeostatic feeding remains unclear. Using a fluorescent opioid sensor, deltaLight, here we report that mediobasal hypothalamic opioid levels increase by feeding, which directly and indirectly inhibits agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). AgRP-specific MOR expression increases by energy surfeit and contributes to opioid-induced suppression of appetite. Conversely, its antagonists diminish suppression of AgRP neuron activity by food and satiety hormones. Mice with AgRP neuron-specific ablation of MOR expression have increased fat preference without increased motivation. These results suggest that post-ingestion release of endogenous opioids contributes to AgRP neuron inhibition to shape food choice through MOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Connor Laule
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chunyang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Debbie Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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3
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Zhao Z, Chen Y, Sun T, Jiang C. Nanomaterials for brain metastasis. J Control Release 2024; 365:833-847. [PMID: 38065414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a significant contributor to the mortality of cancer patients. Specifically, current conventional treatments are unable to achieve complete remission of brain metastasis. This is due to the unique pathological environment of brain metastasis, which differs significantly from peripheral metastasis. Brain metastasis is characterized by high tumor mutation rates and a complex microenvironment with immunosuppression. Additionally, the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB)/blood tumor barrier (BTB) restricts drug leakage into the brain. Therefore, it is crucial to take account of the specific characteristics of brain metastasis when developing new therapeutic strategies. Nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for targeted therapies in treating brain metastasis. They can be tailored and customized based on specific pathological features and incorporate various treatment approaches, which makes them advantageous in advancing therapeutic strategies for brain metastasis. This review provides an overview of current clinical treatment options for patients with brain metastasis. It also explores the roles and changes that different cells within the complex microenvironment play during tumor spread. Furthermore, it highlights the use of nanomaterials in current brain treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Li X, Peng X, Zoulikha M, Boafo GF, Magar KT, Ju Y, He W. Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38161204 PMCID: PMC10758001 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiuju Peng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Makhloufi Zoulikha
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Kosheli Thapa Magar
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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5
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Bao Y, Lu W. Targeting cerebral diseases with enhanced delivery of therapeutic proteins across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1681-1698. [PMID: 36945117 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2193390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral diseases have been threatening public physical and psychological health in the recent years. With the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is particularly hard for therapeutic proteins like peptides, enzymes, antibodies, etc. to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and function in diagnosis and treatment in cerebral diseases. Fortunately, the past decade has witnessed some emerging strategies of delivering macromolecular therapeutic proteins across the BBB. AREAS COVERED Based on the structure, functions, and substances transport mechanisms, various enhanced delivery strategies of therapeutic proteins were reviewed, categorized by molecule-mediated delivery strategies, carrier-mediated delivery strategies, and other delivery strategies. EXPERT OPINION As for molecule-mediated delivery strategies, development of genetic engineering technology, optimization of protein expression and purification techniques, and mature of quality control systems all help to realize large-scale production of recombinant antibodies, making it possible to apply to the clinical practice. In terms of carrier-mediated delivery strategies and others, although nano-carriers/adeno-associated virus (AAV) are also promising candidates for delivering therapeutic proteins or genes across the BBB, some issues still remain to be further investigated, including safety concerns related to applied materials, large-scale production costs, quality control standards, combination therapies with auxiliary delivery strategies like focused ultrasound, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular non-coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Tayzen PharmLab Co., Ltd. Lingang of Shanghai, China
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6
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Schwarz AM, Keresztes A, Bui T, Hecksel RJ, Peña A, Lent B, Gao ZG, Gamez-Rivera M, Seekins CA, Chou K, Appel TL, Jacobson KA, Al-Obeidi FA, Streicher JM. Terpenes from Cannabis sativa Induce Antinociception in Mouse Chronic Neuropathic Pain via Activation of Spinal Cord Adenosine A 2A Receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534594. [PMID: 37034662 PMCID: PMC10081257 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are small hydrocarbon compounds that impart aroma and taste to many plants, including Cannabis sativa. A number of studies have shown that terpenes can produce pain relief in various pain states in both humans and animals. However, these studies were methodologically limited and few established mechanisms of action. In our previous work, we showed that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-pinene, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene produced cannabimimetic behavioral effects via multiple receptor targets. We thus expanded this work to explore the efficacy and mechanism of these Cannabis terpenes in relieving chronic pain. We first tested for antinociceptive efficacy by injecting terpenes (200 mg/kg, IP) into male and female CD-1 mice with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) or lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain, finding that the terpenes produced roughly equal efficacy to 10 mg/kg morphine or 3.2 mg/kg WIN55,212. We further found that none of the terpenes produced reward as measured by conditioned place preference, while low doses of terpene (100 mg/kg) combined with morphine (3.2 mg/kg) produced enhanced antinociception vs. either alone. We then used the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) selective antagonist istradefylline (3.2 mg/kg, IP) and spinal cord-specific CRISPR knockdown of the A2AR to identify this receptor as the mechanism for terpene antinociception in CIPN. In vitro cAMP and binding studies and in silico modeling studies further suggested that the terpenes act as A2AR agonists. Together these studies identify Cannabis terpenes as potential therapeutics for chronic neuropathic pain, and identify a receptor mechanism in the spinal cord for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M. Schwarz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Thai Bui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Ryan J. Hecksel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Adrian Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Brianna Lent
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Martín Gamez-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Caleb A. Seekins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Kerry Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Taylor L. Appel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Fahad A. Al-Obeidi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ USA
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Fernandes DA. Review on Metal-Based Theranostic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231191493. [PMID: 37642945 PMCID: PMC10467409 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231191493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic agents are promising due to their ability to diagnose, treat and monitor different types of cancer using a variety of imaging modalities. The advantage specifically of nanoparticles is that they can accumulate easily at the tumor site due to the large gaps in blood vessels near tumors. Such high concentration of theranostic agents at the target site can lead to enhancement in both imaging and therapy. This article provides an overview of nanoparticles that have been used for cancer theranostics, and the different imaging, treatment options and signaling pathways that are important when using nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. In particular, nanoparticles made of metal elements are emphasized due to their wide applications in cancer theranostics. One important aspect discussed is the ability to combine different types of metals in one nanoplatform for use as multimodal imaging and therapeutic agents for cancer.
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8
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Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Lee YS. Peptidomimetics and Their Applications for Opioid Peptide Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091241. [PMID: 36139079 PMCID: PMC9496382 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and bioavailability. Therefore, extensive studies have focused on overcoming the problems and optimizing the therapeutic potential. Currently, numerous peptide-based drugs are being marketed thanks to new synthetic strategies for optimizing metabolism and alternative routes of administration. This tutorial review briefly introduces the history and role of natural opioid peptides and highlights the key findings on their structure-activity relationships for the opioid receptors. It discusses details on opioid peptidomimetics applied to develop therapeutic candidates for the treatment of pain from the pharmacological and structural points of view. The main focus is the current status of various mimetic tools and the successful applications summarized in tables and figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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10
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Kucharz K, Kutuzov N, Zhukov O, Mathiesen Janiurek M, Lauritzen M. Shedding Light on the Blood-Brain Barrier Transport with Two-Photon Microscopy In Vivo. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1457-1468. [PMID: 35578062 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of brain disorders relies on efficient delivery of therapeutics to the brain, which is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The work of Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes was instrumental in understanding the principles of drug delivery to the brain and developing new tools to study it. Here, we show how some of the concepts developed in her research can be translated to in vivo 2-photon microscopy (2PM) studies of the BBB. We primarily focus on the methods developed in our laboratory to characterize the paracellular diffusion, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, and receptor-mediated transcytosis of drug nanocarriers at the microscale, illustrating how 2PM can deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kucharz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Kutuzov
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleg Zhukov
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Mathiesen Janiurek
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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11
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Biodegradable Nanoparticles Loaded with Levodopa and Curcumin for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092811. [PMID: 35566173 PMCID: PMC9101601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard drug available for treating PD. Curcumin has many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-amyloid, and antitumor properties. Copolymers composed of Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and biodegradable polyesters such as Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs). This study describes the development of NH2–PEO–PCL diblock copolymer positively charged and modified by adding glutathione (GSH) on the outer surface, resulting in a synergistic delivery of L-DOPA curcumin that would be able to pass the blood–brain barrier. Methods: The NH2–PEO–PCL NPs suspensions were prepared by using a nanoprecipitation and solvent displacement method and coated with GSH. NPs were submitted to characterization assays. In order to ensure the bioavailability, Vero and PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of the loaded and unloaded NPs to observe cytotoxicity. Results: NPs have successfully loaded L-DOPA and curcumin and were stable after freeze-drying, indicating advancing into in vitro toxicity testing. Vero and PC12 cells that were treated up to 72 h with various concentrations of L-DOPA and curcumin-loaded NP maintained high viability percentage, indicating that the NPs are biocompatible. Conclusions: NPs consisting of NH2–PEO–PCL were characterized as potential formulations for brain delivery of L-DOPA and curcumin. The results also indicate that the developed biodegradable nanomicelles that were blood compatible presented low cytotoxicity.
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12
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de Lange ECM, Hammarlund Udenaes M. Understanding the Blood-Brain Barrier and Beyond: Challenges and Opportunities for Novel CNS Therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 111:758-773. [PMID: 35220577 PMCID: PMC9305478 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses questions on how to accomplish successful central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery (i.e., having the right concentration at the right CNS site, at the right time), by understanding the rate and extent of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) transport and intra‐CNS distribution in relation to CNS target site(s) exposure. To this end, we need to obtain and integrate quantitative and connected data on BBB using the Combinatory Mapping Approach that includes in vivo and ex vivo animal measurements, and the physiologically based comprehensive LEICNSPK3.0 mathematical model that can translate from animals to humans. For small molecules, slow diffusional BBB transport and active influx and efflux BBB transport determine the differences between plasma and CNS pharmacokinetics. Obviously, active efflux is important for limiting CNS drug delivery. Furthermore, liposomal formulations of small molecules may to a certain extent circumvent active influx and efflux at the BBB. Interestingly, for CNS pathologies, despite all reported disease associated BBB and CNS functional changes in animals and humans, integrative studies typically show a lack of changes on CNS drug delivery for the small molecules. In contrast, the understanding of the complex vesicle‐based BBB transport modes that are important for CNS delivery of large molecules is in progress, and their BBB transport seems to be significantly affected by CNS diseases. In conclusion, today, CNS drug delivery of small drugs can be well assessed and understood by integrative approaches, although there is still quite a long way to go to understand CNS drug delivery of large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology Group, Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Juhairiyah F, de Lange ECM. Understanding Drug Delivery to the Brain Using Liposome-Based Strategies: Studies that Provide Mechanistic Insights Are Essential. AAPS J 2021; 23:114. [PMID: 34713363 PMCID: PMC8553706 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain drug delivery may be restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and enhancement by liposome-based drug delivery strategies has been investigated. As access to the human brain is limited, many studies have been performed in experimental animals. Whereas providing interesting data, such studies have room for improvement to provide mechanistic insight into the rate and extent of specifically BBB transport and intrabrain distribution processes that all together govern CNS target delivery of the free drug. This review shortly summarizes BBB transport and current liposome-based strategies to overcome BBB transport restrictions, with the emphasis on how to determine the individual mechanisms that all together determine the time course of free drug brain concentrations, following their administration as such, and in liposomes. Animal studies using microdialysis providing time course information on unbound drug in plasma and brain are highlighted, as these provide the mechanistic information needed to understand BBB drug transport of the drug, and the impact of a liposomal formulations of that drug on BBB transport. Overall, these studies show that brain distribution of a drug administered as liposomal formulation depends on both drug properties and liposomal formulation characteristics. In general, evidence suggests that active transporters at the BBB, either being influx or efflux transporters, are circumvented by liposomes. It is concluded that liposomal formulations may provide interesting changes in BBB transport. More mechanistic studies are needed to understand relevant mechanisms in liposomal drug delivery to the brain, providing an improved basis for its prediction in human using animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firda Juhairiyah
- Research Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Research Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Hanafy AS, Dietrich D, Fricker G, Lamprecht A. Blood-brain barrier models: Rationale for selection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113859. [PMID: 34246710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain delivery is a broad research area, the outcomes of which are far hindered by the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over the last century, research has been revealing the BBB complexity and the crosstalk between its cellular and molecular components. Pathologically, BBB alterations may precede as well as be concomitant or lead to brain diseases. To simulate the BBB and investigate options for drug delivery, several in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, in situ and in silico models are used. Hundreds of drug delivery vehicles successfully pass preclinical trials but fail in clinical settings. Inadequate selection of BBB models is believed to remarkably impact the data reliability leading to unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. In this review, we suggest a rationale for BBB model selection with respect to the addressed research question and downstream applications. The essential considerations of an optimal BBB model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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16
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Haddad M, Hervé V, Ben Khedher MR, Rabanel JM, Ramassamy C. Glutathione: An Old and Small Molecule with Great Functions and New Applications in the Brain and in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:270-292. [PMID: 33637005 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Glutathione (GSH) represents the most abundant and the main antioxidant in the body with important functions in the brain related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent Advances: Oxidative stress is one of the central mechanisms in AD. We and others have demonstrated the alteration of GSH levels in the AD brain, its important role in the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products and of acrolein, a by-product of lipid peroxidation. Recent in vivo studies found a decrease of GSH in several areas of the brain from control, mild cognitive impairment, and AD subjects, which are correlated with cognitive decline. Critical Issues: Several strategies were developed to restore its intracellular level with the l-cysteine prodrugs or the oral administration of γ-glutamylcysteine to prevent alterations observed in AD. To date, no benefit on GSH level or on oxidative biomarkers has been reported in clinical trials. Thus, it remains uncertain if GSH could be considered a potential preventive or therapeutic approach or a biomarker for AD. Future Directions: We address how GSH-coupled nanocarriers represent a promising approach for the functionalization of nanocarriers to overcome the blood/brain barrier (BBB) for the brain delivery of GSH while avoiding cellular toxicity. It is also important to address the presence of GSH in exosomes for its potential intercellular transfer or its shuttle across the BBB under certain conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 270-292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haddad
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada.,Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Hervé
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada.,Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada.,Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada.,Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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17
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Najmi A, Wang S, Huang Y, Seefeldt T, Alqahtani Y, Guan X. 2-(2-Cholesteroxyethoxyl)ethyl 3'-S-glutathionylpropionate and its self-assembled micelles for brain delivery: Design, synthesis and evaluation. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120520. [PMID: 33775725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier that prevents almost all large and most small exogenous molecules from reaching the brain. The barrier is the major cause of treatment failure for most brain diseases. Extensive efforts have been made to facilitate drug molecules to cross the BBB. One of the approaches is to employ an endogenous ligand or ligand analogue that can enter the brain through its transporter or receptor at the BBB as a brain-targeting agent. Glutathione (GSH) transporters are richly expressed at the BBB with limited presence in other tissues except kidneys. 2-(2-Cholesteroxyethoxyl)ethyl 3'-S-glutathionylpropionate (COXP), formed by connecting GSH with cholesterol through a linker, was designed as a GSH transporter-mediated brain targeting molecule. The amphiphilic nature of COXP enables the molecule to self-assemble to form micelles with a CMC value of 3.9 μM. By using DiR as a fluorescence tracking agent and the whole-body fluorescence imaging technique, the brain distribution of DiR delivered by COXP micelles in mice was 20 folds higher when compared with free DiR. Interestingly, the brain targeting effect was further enhanced by co-administration of GSH. The low CMC value and effective brain targeting make COXP micelles a promising drug delivery system to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Shenggang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Yahya Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Box 2202C, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States.
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18
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Wiwatchaitawee K, Quarterman JC, Geary SM, Salem AK. Enhancement of Therapies for Glioblastoma (GBM) Using Nanoparticle-based Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:71. [PMID: 33575970 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of malignant brain tumor. Current FDA-approved treatments include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, while hyperthermia, immunotherapy, and most relevantly, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated delivery systems or combinations thereof have shown promise in preclinical studies. Drug-carrying NPs are a promising approach to brain delivery as a result of their potential to facilitate the crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via two main types of transcytosis mechanisms: adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Their ability to accumulate in the brain can thus provide local sustained release of tumoricidal drugs at or near the site of GBM tumors. NP-based drug delivery has the potential to significantly reduce drug-related toxicity, increase specificity, and consequently improve the lifespan and quality of life of patients with GBM. Due to significant advances in the understanding of the molecular etiology and pathology of GBM, the efficacy of drugs loaded into vectors targeting this disease has increased in both preclinical and clinical settings. Multitargeting NPs, such as those incorporating multiple specific targeting ligands, are an innovative technology that can lead to decreased off-target effects while simultaneously having increased accumulation and action specifically at the tumor site. Targeting ligands can include antibodies, or fragments thereof, and peptides or small molecules, which can result in a more controlled drug delivery system compared to conventional drug treatments. This review focuses on GBM treatment strategies, summarizing current options and providing a detailed account of preclinical findings with prospective NP-based approaches aimed at improving tumor targeting and enhancing therapeutic outcomes for GBM patients.
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19
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Leporatti S, Rinaldi R. The New Frontiers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment: Liposomal-Based Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:566767. [PMID: 33195128 PMCID: PMC7649361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.566767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the onset of neurodegenerative (ND) diseases is strongly widespread due to the age increase of the world population. Despite the intensive investigations boosted by the scientific community, an efficacious therapy has not been outlined yet. The drugs commonly used are only able to relieve symptom severity; following their oral or intravenous administration routes, their effectiveness is strictly limited due to their low ability to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS) overcoming the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Starting from these assumptions, the engineered-nanocarriers, such as lipid-nanocarriers, are suitable agents to enhance the delivery of drugs into the CNS due to their high solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Liposomal delivery systems are considered to be the ideal carriers, not only for conventional drugs but also for neuroprotective small molecules and green-extracted compounds. In the current work, the LP-based drug delivery improvements in in vivo applications against ND disorders were carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- National Research Council Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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20
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Pardridge WM. Brain Delivery of Nanomedicines: Trojan Horse Liposomes for Plasmid DNA Gene Therapy of the Brain. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:602236. [PMID: 35047884 PMCID: PMC8757841 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.602236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy of the brain is enabled by the development of plasmid DNA brain delivery technology, which requires the engineering and manufacturing of nanomedicines that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The development of such nanomedicines is a multi-faceted problem that requires progress at multiple levels. First, the type of nanocontainer, e.g., nanoparticle or liposome, which encapsulates the plasmid DNA, must be developed. Second, the type of molecular Trojan horse, e.g., peptide or receptor-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), must be selected for incorporation on the surface of the nanomedicine, as this Trojan horse engages specific receptors expressed on the BBB, and the brain cell membrane, to trigger transport of the nanomedicine from blood into brain cells beyond the BBB. Third, the plasmid DNA must be engineered without bacterial elements, such as antibiotic resistance genes, to enable administration to humans; the plasmid DNA must also be engineered with tissue-specific gene promoters upstream of the therapeutic gene, to insure gene expression in the target organ with minimal off-target expression. Fourth, upstream manufacturing of the nanomedicine must be developed and scalable so as to meet market demand for the target disease, e.g., annual long-term treatment of 1,000 patients with an orphan disease, short term treatment of 10,000 patients with malignant glioma, or 100,000 patients with new onset Parkinson's disease. Fifth, downstream manufacturing problems, such as nanomedicine lyophilization, must be solved to ensure the nanomedicine has a commercially viable shelf-life for treatment of CNS disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Abstract
![]()
Nanocarriers
(NCs) are promising tools to improve drug delivery
across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) for more effective treatment
of brain disorders, although there is a scarcity of clinical translation
of brain-directed NCs. In order to drive the development of brain-oriented
NCs toward clinical success, it is essential to understand the prerequisites
for nanodelivery to be successful in brain treatment. In this Perspective,
we present how pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), formulation
and nanotoxicity factors impact the therapeutic success of brain-specific
nanodelivery. Properties including high loading efficiency, slow in vivo drug release, long systemic circulation, an increase
in unbound brain-to-plasma concentration/exposure ratio (Kp,uu,brain), high drug potency, and minimal nanotoxicity
are prerequisites that should preferably be combined to maximize the
therapeutic potential of a brain-targeted NC. The PK of brain-directed
NCs needs to be evaluated in a more therapeutically relevant manner,
focusing on the released, unbound drug. It is more crucial to increase
the Kp,uu,brain than to improve the ability
of the NC to cross the BBB in its intact form. Brain-targeted NCs,
which are mostly developed for treating brain tumors, including metastases,
should aim to enhance drug delivery not just to tumor regions with
disrupted BBB, but equally important to regions with intact BBB where
the drugs themselves have problems reaching. This article provides
critical insights into how a brain-targeted nanoformulation needs
to be designed and optimized to achieve therapeutic success in the
brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
- Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Carreño F, Helfer VE, Staudt KJ, Olivo LB, Paese K, Meyer FS, Herrmann AP, Guterres SS, Kuze Rates SM, Trocóniz I, Dalla Costa T. Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lipid Core Nanocapsules: Understanding Quetiapine Plasma and Brain Disposition in a Neurodevelopmental Animal Model of Schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:49-58. [PMID: 32719070 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated plasma and brain disposition of quetiapine lipid core nanocapsules (QLNC) in naive and schizophrenic (SCZ-like) rats and developed a semimechanistic model to describe changes in both compartments following administration of the drug in solution (FQ) or nanoencapsulated. QLNC (1 mg/ml) presented 166 ± 39 nm, low polydispersity, and high encapsulation (93.0% ± 1.4%). A model was built using experimental data from total and unbound plasma and unbound brain concentrations obtained by microdialysis after administration of single intravenous bolus dose of FQ or QLNC to naive and SCZ-like rats. A two-compartment model was identifiable both in blood and in brain with a bidirectional drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (CLin and CLout). SCZ-like rats' significant decrease in brain exposure with FQ (decrease in CLin) was reverted by QLNC, showing that nanocarriers govern quetiapine tissue distribution. Model simulations allowed exploring the potential of LNC for brain delivery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A population approach was used to simultaneously model total and unbound plasma and unbound brain quetiapine concentrations allowing for quantification of the rate and extent of the drug's brain distribution following administration of both free drug in solution or as nanoformulation to naive and SCZ-like rats. The model-based approach is useful to better understand the possibilities and limitations of this nanoformulation for drug delivering to the brain, opening the opportunity to use this approach to improve SCZ-treatment-limited response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carreño
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Victória Eteges Helfer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Keli Jaqueline Staudt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Laura Bem Olivo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Karina Paese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Fabíola Schons Meyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Ana Paula Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Stela Mari Kuze Rates
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Iñaki Trocóniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia (F.C., V.E.H., K.J.S., L.B.O., K.P., S.S.G., S.M.K.R., T.D.C.), Centro de Reprodução e Experimentação de Animais de Laboratório, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (F.S.M.), and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (A.P.H.), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.); and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (I.T.)
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Islam Y, Leach AG, Smith J, Pluchino S, Coxonl CR, Sivakumaran M, Downing J, Fatokun AA, Teixidò M, Ehtezazi T. Peptide based drug delivery systems to the brain. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Loryan I, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Syvänen S. Brain Distribution of Drugs: Pharmacokinetic Considerations. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 273:121-150. [PMID: 33258066 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to understand the basic principles of drug transport, from the site of delivery to the site of action within the CNS, in order to evaluate the possible utility of a new drug candidate for CNS action, or possible CNS side effects of non-CNS targeting drugs. This includes pharmacokinetic aspects of drug concentration-time profiles in plasma and brain, blood-brain barrier transport and drug distribution within the brain parenchyma as well as elimination processes from the brain. Knowledge of anatomical and physiological aspects connected with drug delivery is crucial in this context. The chapter is intended for professionals working in the field of CNS drug development and summarizes key pharmacokinetic principles and state-of-the-art experimental methodologies to assess brain drug disposition. Key parameters, describing the extent of unbound (free) drug across brain barriers, in particular blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers, are presented along with their application in drug development. Special emphasis is given to brain intracellular pharmacokinetics and its role in evaluating target engagement. Fundamental neuropharmacokinetic differences between small molecular drugs and biologicals are discussed and critical knowledge gaps are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Loryan
- Translational PKPD Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Lombardo SM, Schneider M, Türeli AE, Günday Türeli N. Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:866-883. [PMID: 32551212 PMCID: PMC7277618 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases are a heavy burden on society and health care systems. Hence, the delivery of drugs to the brain has gained more and more interest. The brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier formed by the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvessels, which at the same time acts as a bottleneck for drug delivery by preventing the vast majority of drugs to reach the brain. To overcome this obstacle, drugs can be loaded inside nanoparticles that can carry the drug through the BBB. However, not all particles are able to cross the BBB and a multitude of factors needs to be taken into account when developing a carrier system for this purpose. Depending on the chosen pathway to cross the BBB, nanoparticle material, size and surface properties such as functionalization and charge should be tailored to fit the specific route of BBB crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Lombardo
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Akif E Türeli
- MyBiotech GmbH; Industriestraße 1B, 66802 Überherrn, Germany
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26
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Ghosh S, Lalani R, Patel V, Bhowmick S, Misra A. Surface engineered liposomal delivery of therapeutics across the blood brain barrier: recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1287-1311. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Rohan Lalani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Vivek Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Subhas Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Hu Y, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Fridén M. Understanding the Influence of Nanocarrier-Mediated Brain Delivery on Therapeutic Performance Through Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3425-3433. [PMID: 31163187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating how encapsulation in a regular nanocarrier (NC) (providing extended circulation time) or in a brain-targeting NC (providing prolonged circulation time and increased brain uptake) may influence the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug and to explore the key parameters affecting therapeutic performance using a model-based approach. Pharmacokinetic (PK) models were built with chosen PK parameters. For a scenario where central effect depends on area under the unbound brain concentration curve and peripheral toxicity relates to peak unbound plasma concentration, dose-effect and drug-side effect curves were constructed, and the therapeutic index was evaluated. Regular NC improved the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug due to reduced peripheral toxicity, while brain-targeting NC enhanced the therapeutic index by lowering peripheral toxicity and increasing central effect. Decreasing drug release rate or systemic clearance of NC with drug still encapsulated could increase the therapeutic index. Also, a drug with shorter half-life would therapeutically benefit more from a NC encapsulation. This work provides insights into how a NC for brain delivery should be optimized to maximize the therapeutic performance and is helpful to predict if and to what extent a drug with certain PK properties would obtain therapeutic benefit from nanoencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
- Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Markus Fridén
- Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Early Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Targeted brain delivery of methotrexate by glutathione PEGylated liposomes: How can the formulation make a difference? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu X, Yang H, Yang W, Chen X, Gao J, Gong X, Wang H, Duan Y, Wei D, Chang J. Nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic systems for brain tumors. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:4734-4750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00860h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many theranostic nanoparticles have been tailored for high-efficiency diagnostic or therapeutic agents or applied as carriers and might provide new possibilities for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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30
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Penetration of the blood-brain barrier by peripheral neuropeptides: new approaches to enhancing transport and endogenous expression. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:287-293. [PMID: 30535799 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional barrier between the interstitial fluid of the brain and the blood; the barrier maintains the precisely controlled biochemical environment that is necessary for neural function. This constellation of endothelial cells, macrophages, pericytes, and astrocytes forms the neurovascular unit which is the structural and functional unit of the blood-brain barrier. Peptides enter and exit the CNS by transport systems expressed by the capillary endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit. Limiting the transport of peptides and proteins into the brain are efflux transporters like P-gp are transmembrane proteins present on the luminal side of the cerebral capillary endothelium and their function is to promote transit and excretion of drugs from the brain to the blood. Nanocarrier systems have been developed to exploit transport systems for enhanced BBB transport. Recent approaches for enhancing endogenous peptide expression are discussed.
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31
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Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Antimisiaris SG, Hamano N, Li SD, Chougule M, Shoyele SA, Gupta U, Ajazuddin, Alexander A. Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology for the delivery of anti-Alzheimer drug in the brain region. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:589-617. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1471058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Durg University, Govt. Vasudev Vaman Patankar Girls’ P.G. College Campus, Raipur Naka, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, 26510, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, FORTH/ICE-HT, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Rio, Patras, 25104, Greece
| | - Nobuhito Hamano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mahavir Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Sunday A. Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer – 305817, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
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32
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Vighi E, Trifunović D, Veiga-Crespo P, Rentsch A, Hoffmann D, Sahaboglu A, Strasser T, Kulkarni M, Bertolotti E, van den Heuvel A, Peters T, Reijerkerk A, Euler T, Ueffing M, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Gaillard P, Marigo V, Ekström P, Paquet-Durand F. Combination of cGMP analogue and drug delivery system provides functional protection in hereditary retinal degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2997-E3006. [PMID: 29531030 PMCID: PMC5879685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718792115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) is a devastating and currently untreatable neurodegenerative condition that leads to loss of photoreceptor cells and blindness. The vast genetic heterogeneity of RD, the lack of "druggable" targets, and the access-limiting blood-retinal barrier (BRB) present major hurdles toward effective therapy development. Here, we address these challenges (i) by targeting cGMP (cyclic guanosine- 3',5'-monophosphate) signaling, a disease driver common to different types of RD, and (ii) by combining inhibitory cGMP analogs with a nanosized liposomal drug delivery system designed to facilitate transport across the BRB. Based on a screen of several cGMP analogs we identified an inhibitory cGMP analog that interferes with activation of photoreceptor cell death pathways. Moreover, we found liposomal encapsulation of the analog to achieve efficient drug targeting to the neuroretina. This pharmacological treatment markedly preserved in vivo retinal function and counteracted photoreceptor degeneration in three different in vivo RD models. Taken together, we show that a defined class of compounds for RD treatment in combination with an innovative drug delivery method may enable a single type of treatment to address genetically divergent RD-type diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Dragana Trifunović
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Veiga-Crespo
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Rentsch
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dorit Hoffmann
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Ayse Sahaboglu
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Strasser
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manoj Kulkarni
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evelina Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Tobias Peters
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Euler
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gottfried Genieser
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Pieter Gaillard
- to-BBB technologies BV, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
- 2-BBB Medicines BV, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Per Ekström
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Department für Augenheilkunde, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
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33
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Oller-Salvia B, Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E, Teixidó M. Blood-brain barrier shuttle peptides: an emerging paradigm for brain delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:4690-707. [PMID: 27188322 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain delivery is one of the major challenges in drug development because of the high number of patients suffering from neural diseases and the low efficiency of the treatments available. Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from reaching their targets, molecular vectors - known as BBB shuttles - offer great promise to safely overcome this formidable obstacle. In recent years, peptide shuttles have received growing attention because of their lower cost, reduced immunogenicity, and higher chemical versatility than traditional Trojan horse antibodies and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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34
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Mazur J, Roy K, Kanwar JR. Recent advances in nanomedicine and survivin targeting in brain cancers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:105-137. [PMID: 29161215 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a highly lethal disease, especially devastating toward both the elderly and children. This cancer has no therapeutics available to combat it, predominately due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) preventing treatments from maintaining therapeutic levels within the brain. Recently, nanoparticle technology has entered the forefront of cancer therapy due to its ability to deliver therapeutic effects while potentially passing physiological barriers. Key nanoparticles for brain cancer treatment include glutathione targeted PEGylated liposomes, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticle-albumin bound drugs, with these being discussed throughout this review. Recently, the survivin protein has gained attention as it is over-expressed in a majority of tumors. This review will briefly discuss the properties of survivin, while focusing on how both nanoparticles and survivin-targeting treatments hold potential as brain cancer therapies. This review may provide useful insight into new brain cancer treatment options, particularly survivin inhibition and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Mazur
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Kislay Roy
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (CMMR), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
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35
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Saesoo S, Sathornsumetee S, Anekwiang P, Treetidnipa C, Thuwajit P, Bunthot S, Maneeprakorn W, Maurizi L, Hofmann H, Rungsardthong RU, Saengkrit N. Characterization of liposome-containing SPIONs conjugated with anti-CD20 developed as a novel theranostic agent for central nervous system lymphoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 161:497-507. [PMID: 29128836 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in neuroscience cancer research during the past decades, the survival of cancer patients has only marginally improved and the cure remains unlikely. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle protecting the entry of therapeutic agents to central nervous system, especially for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Thus, the use of small nanoparticle as a drug carrier may be new strategies to overcome this problem. In this study, we fabricated liposome consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with anti-CD20 (Rituximab; RTX). The designed nanoparticles have a theranostic property which is not only to improve drug delivery, but also to offer diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. TEM images revealed the spherical shape of liposome with the approximately average diameters about 140-190nm with slightly negatively charge surfaces. Superparamagnetic property of SPIONs-loaded liposomes was confirmed by VSM. Liposome colloidal could be prolonged at 4°C and 25°C storages. RTX conjugated liposome induced cell internalization and apoptosis effect in B-lymphoma cells. Drug targeting and therapeutic effect was investigated in BBB model. The result confirmed that liposome nanocarrier is required as a drug carrier for effectively RTX across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saesoo
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - S Sathornsumetee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Thailand
| | - P Anekwiang
- NANOTEC-Mahidol University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Thailand
| | - C Treetidnipa
- NANOTEC-Mahidol University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Thailand
| | - P Thuwajit
- NANOTEC-Mahidol University Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Thailand; Departments of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Thailand
| | - S Bunthot
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - W Maneeprakorn
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - L Maurizi
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon cedex, France
| | - H Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - N Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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The Impact of Liposomal Formulations on the Release and Brain Delivery of Methotrexate: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2606-2613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Microdialysis as an Important Technique in Systems Pharmacology—a Historical and Methodological Review. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1294-1303. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Recent advancements in liposomes targeting strategies to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2017; 260:61-77. [PMID: 28549949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this modern era, with the help of various advanced technologies, medical science has overcome most of the health-related issues successfully. Though, some diseases still remain unresolved due to various physiological barriers. One such condition is Alzheimer; a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood swing and disturbed routine activities of the person suffering from. It is well known to all that the brain is entirely covered by a protective layer commonly known as blood brain barrier (BBB) which is responsible to maintain the homeostasis of brain by restricting the entry of toxic substances, drug molecules, various proteins and peptides, small hydrophilic molecules, large lipophilic substances and so many other peripheral components to protect the brain from any harmful stimuli. This functionally essential structure creates a major hurdle for delivery of any drug into the brain. Still, there are some provisions on BBB which facilitate the entry of useful substances in the brain via specific mechanisms like passive diffusion, receptor-mediated transcytosis, carrier-mediated transcytosis etc. Another important factor for drug transport is the selection of a suitable drug delivery systems like, liposome, which is a novel drug carrier system offering a potential approach to resolving this problem. Its unique phospholipid bilayer structure (similar to physiological membrane) had made it more compatible with the lipoidal layer of BBB and helps the drug to enter the brain. The present review work focused on various surface modifications with functional ligand (like lactoferrin, transferrin etc.) and carrier molecules (such as glutathione, glucose etc.) on the liposomal structure to enhance its brain targeting ability towards the successful treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Paka GD, Ramassamy C. Optimization of Curcumin-Loaded PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles by GSH Functionalization: Investigation of the Internalization Pathway in Neuronal Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:93-106. [PMID: 27744707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One major challenge in the field of nanotherapeutics is to increase the selective delivery of cargo to targeted cells. Using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), we recently highlighted the importance of polymer composition in the biological fate of the nanodrug delivery systems. However, the route of internalization of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is another key component to consider in the elaboration of modern and targeted devices. For that purpose, herein, we effectively synthesized and characterized glutathione-functionalized PLGA-nanoparticles (GSH-NPs) loaded with curcumin (GSH-NPs-Cur), using thiol-maleimide click reaction and determined their physicochemical properties. We found that GSH functionalization did not affect the drug loading efficiency (DLE), the size, the polydispersity index (PDI), the zeta potential, the release profile, and the stability of the formulation. While being nontoxic, the presence of GSH on the surface of the formulations exhibits a better neuroprotective property against acrolein. The neuronal internalization of GSH-NPs-Cur was higher than free curcumin. In order to track the intracellular localization of the formulations, we used a covalently attached rhodamine (PLGA-Rhod), into our GSH-functionalized matrix. We found that GSH-functionalized matrix could easily be taken up by neuronal cells. Furthermore, we found that GSH conjugation modifies the route of internalization enabling them to escape the uptake through macropinocytosis and therefore avoiding the lysosomal degradation. Taken together, GSH functionalization increases the uptake of formulations and modifies the route of internalization toward a safer pathway. This study shows that the choice of ideal ligand to develop NPs-targeting devices is a crucial step when designing innovative strategy for neuronal cells delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Djiokeng Paka
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier , Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University , Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier , Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University , Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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40
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Recent expansion of pharmaceutical nanotechnologies and targeting strategies in the field of phytopharmaceuticals for the delivery of herbal extracts and bioactives. J Control Release 2016; 241:110-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Intracerebral microdialysis in blood-brain barrier drug research with focus on nanodelivery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:13-18. [PMID: 27986218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microdialysis has contributed significantly to advance the understanding of BBB transport of drugs and to reveal key aspects of BBB transport, including quantifying active efflux and active uptake. Microdialysis studies on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships have given in-depth understanding of the processes involved. Recently, nanodelivery to the brain has been investigated with microdialysis, contributing to nanodelivery science by giving quantitative information on the possible success of different delivery vehicles and how they are involved in BBB transport.
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42
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Liu F, Sun Y, Kang C, Zhu H. Pegylated Drug Delivery Systems: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984416420022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pegylation, as a simple procedure to attach hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto therapeutic molecule or drug carriers has been utilized widely to deliver small molecules, proteins and peptides. It was first reported in 1970s by Dr. Frank Davis of Rutgers University and Dr. Abuchowsky in the studies of PEG modified albumin and catalase. The significance of this method at that time was able to successfully modify the enzyme with better hydrophilicity but also keep the enzymatic activity. The employment of PEG has provided superior stability of drug delivery systems (DDS) and enhanced the circulation time in vivo. Simple conjugation of PEG chains with various molecular weights enables the possibility to regulate the properties of desired DDS and led to important contribution in targeting therapy and diagnosis. Pegylation has been reported to be able to protect peptides by shielding antigenic epitopes from reticuloendothelial (RES) clearance and avoid enzymes being recognized by immune system and avoid early degradation. In addition, utilization of PEG in DDS are reported with enhanced delivery efficiency, prolonged circulation time and improved stability, especially active enzymes and peptides drug delivery. In this paper, we will conclude current studies about Pegylated DDS and their biomedical applications from both in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Pharmacokinetic considerations of nanodelivery to the brain: Using modeling and simulations to predict the outcome of liposomal formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:173-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Maussang D, Rip J, van Kregten J, van den Heuvel A, van der Pol S, van der Boom B, Reijerkerk A, Chen L, de Boer M, Gaillard P, de Vries H. Glutathione conjugation dose-dependently increases brain-specific liposomal drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:59-69. [PMID: 27986226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major obstacle for the delivery and development of drugs curing brain pathologies. However, this biological barrier presents numerous endogenous specialized transport systems that can be exploited by engineered nanoparticles to enable drug delivery to the brain. In particular, conjugation of glutathione (GSH) onto PEGylated liposomes (G-Technology®) showed to safely enhance delivery of encapsulated drugs to the brain. Yet, understanding of the mechanism of action remains limited and full mechanistic understanding will aid in the further optimization of the technology. In order to elucidate the mechanism of brain targeting by GSH-PEG liposomes, we here demonstrate that the in vivo delivery of liposomal ribavirin is increased in brain extracellular fluid according to the extent of GSH conjugation onto the liposomes. In vitro, using the hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial (CMEC) cell line, as well as primary bovine and porcine CMEC (and in contrast to non-brain derived endothelial and epithelial cells), we show that liposomal uptake occurs through the process of endocytosis and that the brain-specific uptake is also glutathione conjugation-dependent. Interestingly, the uptake mechanism is an active process that is temperature-, time- and dose-dependent. Finally, early endocytosis events rely on cytoskeleton remodeling, as well as dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathways. Overall, our data demonstrate that the glutathione-dependent uptake mechanism of the G-Technology involves a specific endocytosis pathway indicative of a receptor-mediated mechanism, and supports the benefit of this drug delivery technology for the treatment of devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Maussang
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands; Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Rip
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joan van Kregten
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique van den Heuvel
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van der Pol
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Burt van der Boom
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Reijerkerk
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Chen
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco de Boer
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Gaillard
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga de Vries
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Birngruber T, Sinner F. Cerebral open flow microperfusion (cOFM) an innovative interface to brain tissue. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:19-25. [PMID: 27986219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral open flow microperfusion (cOFM) is a new in-vivo technique for continuous sampling of the interstitial fluid in brain tissue. cOFM can be used to monitor substance transport across the blood-brain barrier (pharmacokinetics) and to investigate metabolic changes in brain tissue after drug application (pharmacodynamics). The possibility of long-term implantation into the brain makes cOFM an outstanding tool in the development of brain relevant pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Birngruber
- Joanneum Research GmbH, HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Sinner
- Joanneum Research GmbH, HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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46
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Loureiro JA, Gomes B, Fricker G, Coelho MAN, Rocha S, Pereira MC. Cellular uptake of PLGA nanoparticles targeted with anti-amyloid and anti-transferrin receptor antibodies for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:8-13. [PMID: 27131092 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades, relevant efforts have been reported to design nanocarriers for drug transport through the blood brain barrier (BBB). New drugs, such as peptide iAβ5, capable to inhibit the aggregates associated with Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) are being tested but the most frequent drawback is to reach the brain in the desired concentrations due to the low BBB permeability-surface area. Our approach, as a proof of concept to improve drug transport through the BBB, is based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with surface functionalized with anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (OX26) and anti-Aβ (DE2B4) to deliver encapsulated iAβ5 into the brain. Porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs) were used as a BBB model to evaluate the system efficacy and toxicity. The uptake of immune nanoparticles with a controlled delivery of the peptide iAβ5 was substantially increased compared to the nanoparticles (NPs) without monoclonal antibody functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana A Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel A N Coelho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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47
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Carreño F, Paese K, Silva CM, Guterres SS, Dalla Costa T. Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Quetiapine Transport across Blood-Brain Barrier Mediated by Lipid Core Nanocapsules Using Brain Microdialysis in Rats. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1289-97. [PMID: 26905300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-core nanocapsules (LCNs) have been proposed as drug carriers to improve brain delivery by modulating drug pharmacokinetics (PK). However, it is not clear whether the LCNs carry the drug through the blood-brain barrier or increase free drug penetration due to changes in the barrier permeability. Quetiapine (QTP) penetration to the brain is mediated by influx transporters and therefore might be reduced by drug transporters inhibitiors as probenecid. The goal of this work was to investigate the role of type-III LCNs on brain penetration of QTP using microdialysis in the presence probenecid. QTP-loaded LCN (QLNC) was successfully obtained with a small particle size (143 ± 6 nm), low polydispersity index (PI < 0.1), and high encapsulation efficiency (95.4 ± 1.82%.). Total and free drug concentration in plasma and free drug concentration in brain were analyzed following i.v. bolus dosing of nonencapsulated drug (FQ) and QLNC formulations alone and in association with probenecid to male Wistar rats. QTP free plasma fraction right after administration of QLNC was smaller than the fraction observed after FQ dosing; however, it increased over time until similar free drug levels were attained, suggesting that type-III LNCs produce a short in vivo sustained release of the drug. The inhibition of influx transporters by PB led to a reduction of free QTP brain penetration, as observed by the reduction of penetration factor from 1.55 ± 0.17 to a value closer to unit (0.94 ± 0.15). However, when the drug was nanoencapsulated, the inhibition of influx transporters had no effect on the brain penetration factor (0.88 ± 0.21 to 0.92 ± 0.13) probably because QTP is loaded into LNC and not available to interact with transporters. Taken together, these results suggest that LNC type-III carried QTP in the bloodstream and delivered the drug to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carreño
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Paese
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Miranda Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 2759, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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48
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Lindqvist A, Jönsson S, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Exploring Factors Causing Low Brain Penetration of the Opioid Peptide DAMGO through Experimental Methods and Modeling. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1258-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lindqvist
- Translational
PKPD Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member
of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Box 591, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Siv Jönsson
- Pharmacometrics
Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
- Translational
PKPD Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member
of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Box 591, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden
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49
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Carreño F, Paese K, Silva CM, Guterres SS, Dalla Costa T. Pre-clinical investigation of the modulation of quetiapine plasma pharmacokinetics and tissues biodistribution by lipid-core nanocapsules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 119:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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