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Mao X, Wu S, Huang D, Li C. Complications and comorbidities associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy: Rethinking drug design and delivery for anticancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2901-2926. [PMID: 39027258 PMCID: PMC11252465 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advancements in chemotherapy as a cornerstone modality in cancer treatment, the prevalence of complications and pre-existing diseases is on the rise among cancer patients along with prolonged survival and aging population. The relationships between these disorders and cancer are intricate, bearing significant influence on the survival and quality of life of individuals with cancer and presenting challenges for the prognosis and outcomes of malignancies. Herein, we review the prevailing complications and comorbidities that often accompany chemotherapy and summarize the lessons to learn from inadequate research and management of this scenario, with an emphasis on possible strategies for reducing potential complications and alleviating comorbidities, as well as an overview of current preclinical cancer models and practical advice for establishing bio-faithful preclinical models in such complex context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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2
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Wang S, Cen D, Zhang C. A Cathepsin B-Sensitive Gemcitabine Prodrug for Enhanced Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1927-1933. [PMID: 38555998 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug in treating pancreatic cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of GEM is relatively poor. One main reason is that GEM can be easily deaminated to inactive 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) by cytidine deaminase (CDA). In order to improve the antitumor activity of GEM, a polypeptide modified GEM prodrug RGDGFLG-GEM (GEM-RGD) is designed. Because the amino group of GEM is protected by RGDGFLG peptide sequence, the in vivo stability of GEM-RGD can be significantly improved since the deamination of GEM can be avoided. GEM-RGD shows enhanced uptake by pancreatic cancer cells due to the active targeting RGD group. The cathepsin B-sensitive GFLG sequence endows GEM-RGD with specific release of GEM in pancreatic cancer cells. Compared to free GEM and non-targeted GEM prodrug RDGGFLG-GEM (GEM-RDG), GEM-RGD exhibits enhanced antitumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity. These results implies that GEM-RGD is a promising candidate in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Danwei Cen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Fatani AS, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Targeting Intracranial Tumours with a Combination of RNA and Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:829. [PMID: 38931949 PMCID: PMC11207522 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumour, which remains largely resistant to treatment; the prognosis for patients is poor, with a median survival time of about 12-18 months, post diagnosis. In an effort to bring more efficacious treatments to patients, we targeted the down regulation of ITCH, an E3 ligase that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, and which inhibits P73, a tumour suppressor gene. 6-O-glycolchitosan (GC) was used to deliver siRNA ITCH (GC60-siRNA-ITCH) and gemcitabine via the nose to brain route in CD-1 nude mice which had previously been implanted intracranially with U87-MG-luc2 cells. Prior to this in vivo study, an in vitro study established the synergistic effect of siRNA-ITCH in combination with a chemotherapy drug-gemcitabine. A downregulation of ITCH, an upregulation of p73 and enhanced apoptosis were observed in vitro in U87-MG cells, using qPCR, Western blot analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays. When GC60-siRNA-ITCH was combined with gemcitabine, there was a resultant decrease in cell proliferation in vitro. In CD1 mice, the administration of siRNA-ITCH (7 doses of 0.081 mg/kg) alone did not significantly affect animal survival (increasing mean survival from 29 to 33 days when compared to untreated animals), whereas intranasal gemcitabine had a significant effect on survival (increasing survival from 29 to 45 days when compared to untreated animals, p < 0.01). The most significant effect was seen with combination therapy (GC60-siRNA-ITCH plus gemcitabine), where survival increased by 89%, increasing from 29 to 54 days (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that siRNA chemosensitises brain tumours to gemcitabine and that the nose-to-brain delivery route may be a viable route for the treatment of intracranial tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamid S. Fatani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.S.F.); (A.G.S.)
| | - Andreas G. Schätzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.S.F.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Block Y, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.S.F.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Block Y, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
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Carvalho TMA, Audero MM, Greco MR, Ardone M, Maggi T, Mallamaci R, Rolando B, Arpicco S, Ruffinatti FA, Pla AF, Prevarskaya N, Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Tumor Microenvironment Modulates Invadopodia Activity of Non-Selected and Acid-Selected Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Its Sensitivity to Gemcitabine and C18-Gemcitabine. Cells 2024; 13:730. [PMID: 38727266 PMCID: PMC11083398 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with high mortality due to early metastatic dissemination and high chemoresistance. All these factors are favored by its extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich microenvironment, which is also highly hypoxic and acidic. Gemcitabine (GEM) is still the first-line therapy in PDAC. However, it is quickly deaminated to its inactive metabolite. Several GEM prodrugs have emerged to improve its cytotoxicity. Here, we analyzed how the acidic/hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the response of PDAC cell death and invadopodia-mediated ECM proteolysis to both GEM and its C18 prodrug. METHODS For this, two PDAC cell lines, PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 were adapted to pHe 6.6 or not for 1 month, grown as 3D organotypic cultures and exposed to either GEM or C18 in the presence and absence of acidosis and the hypoxia inducer, deferoxamine. RESULTS We found that C18 has higher cytotoxic and anti-invadopodia activity than GEM in all culture conditions and especially in acid and hypoxic environments. CONCLUSIONS We propose C18 as a more effective approach to conventional GEM in developing new therapeutic strategies overcoming PDAC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Madelaine Magalì Audero
- U1003 PHYCEL Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.A.); (A.F.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Marilena Ardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Teresa Maggi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- U1003 PHYCEL Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.A.); (A.F.P.); (N.P.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- U1003 PHYCEL Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Inserm, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.M.A.); (A.F.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina;
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (M.R.G.); (M.A.); (T.M.); (R.M.); (S.J.R.)
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Behera C, Kaur Sandha K, Banjare N, Kumar Shukla M, Mudassir Ali S, Singh M, Gupta PN. Biodegradable nanocarrier of gemcitabine and tocopherol succinate synergistically ameliorates anti-proliferative response in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123599. [PMID: 37992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of various solid tumors. In this study, the potential of a dietary supplement, α-tocopherol succinate (TOS) was investigated in combination with GEM by utilizing human serum albumin-based nanoparticles (HSA NPs). The developed nanoparticles were characterized using DLS, SEM and FTIR and evaluated in a panel of cell lines to inspect cytotoxic efficacy. The ratio metric selected combination of the NPs was further investigated in human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA PaCa-2 cells) to assess the cellular death mechanism via a myriad of biochemical and bio-analytical assays including nuclear morphometric analysis by DAPI staining, ROS generation, MMP loss, intracellular calcium release, in vitro clonogenic assay, cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemical staining followed by western blotting, Annexin V-FITC and cellular uptake studies. The desolvation-crosslinking method was used to prepare the NPs. The average size of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs was found to be 189.47 ± 5 nm and 143.42 ± 7.4 nm, respectively. In combination, the developed nanoparticles exhibited synergism by enhancing cytotoxicity in a fixed molar ratio. The selected combination also significantly triggered ROS generation and mitochondrial destabilization, alleviated cell migration potential and clonogenic cell survival in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Further, cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V FITC assay and caspase-3 activation, up regulation of Bax and down regulation of Bcl-2 protein confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic event coupled with the G0/G1 phase arrest. Nanocarriers based this combination also offered approximately 14-folds dose reduction of GEM. Overall, the combined administration of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs showed synergistic cytotoxicity accompanied with dose reduction of the gemcitabine. These encouraging findings could have implication in designing micronutrient based-combination therapy with gemcitabine and demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Behera
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Sandha
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Mudassir Ali
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Abdelgawwad AMA, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francés-Monerris A. Electronic spectroscopy of gemcitabine and derivatives for possible dual-action photodynamic therapy applications. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:224106. [PMID: 38078522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the molecular basis of combining photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-triggered targeted anticancer therapy, with the traditional chemotherapeutic properties of the well-known cytotoxic agent gemcitabine. A photosensitizer prerequisite is significant absorption of biocompatible light in the visible/near IR range, ideally between 600 and 1000 nm. We use highly accurate multiconfigurational CASSCF/MS-CASPT2/MM and TD-DFT methodologies to determine the absorption properties of a series of gemcitabine derivatives with the goal of red-shifting the UV absorption band toward the visible region and facilitating triplet state population. The choice of the substitutions and, thus, the rational design is based on important biochemical criteria and on derivatives whose synthesis is reported in the literature. The modifications tackled in this paper consist of: (i) substitution of the oxygen atom at O2 position with heavier atoms (O → S and O → Se) to red shift the absorption band and increase the spin-orbit coupling, (ii) addition of a lipophilic chain at the N7 position to enhance transport into cancer cells and slow down gemcitabine metabolism, and (iii) attachment of aromatic systems at C5 position to enhance red shift further. Results indicate that the combination of these three chemical modifications markedly shifts the absorption spectrum toward the 500 nm region and beyond and drastically increases spin-orbit coupling values, two key PDT requirements. The obtained theoretical predictions encourage biological studies to further develop this anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071 València, Spain
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Wu L, Li J, Wang Y, Zhao X, He Y, Mao H, Tang W, Liu R, Luo K, Gu Z. Engineered Hierarchical Microdevices Enable Pre-Programmed Controlled Release for Postsurgical and Unresectable Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305529. [PMID: 37549042 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug treatment is required for both resectable and unresectable cancers to strive for any meaningful improvement in patient outcomes. However, the clinical benefit of receiving conventional systemic administrations is often less than satisfactory. Drug delivery systems are preferable substitutes but still fail to meet diverse clinical demands due to the difficulty in programming drug release profiles. Herein, a microfabrication concept, termed "Hierarchical Multiple Polymers Immobilization" (HMPI), is introduced and biodegradable-polymer-based hierarchical microdevices (HMDs) that can pre-program any desired controlled release profiles are engineered. Based on the first-line medication of pancreatic and breast cancer, controlled release of single gemcitabine and the doxorubicin/paclitaxel combination in situ for multiple courses is implemented, respectively. Preclinical models of postsurgical pancreatic, postsurgical breast, and unresectable breast cancer are established, and the designed HMDs are demonstrated as well-tolerable and effective treatments for inhibiting tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. The proposed HMPI strategy allows the creation of tailorable and high-resolution hierarchical microstructures for pre-programming controlled release according to clinical medication schedules, which may provide promising alternative treatments for postsurgical and unresectable tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuang Wu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yiyan He
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Chang FL, Tsai KC, Lin TY, Chiang CW, Pan SL, Lee YC. Effectiveness of anti-erythropoietin producing Hepatocellular receptor Type-A2 antibody in pancreatic cancer treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21774. [PMID: 38034633 PMCID: PMC10682614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor type A2 (EphA2) is a tyrosine kinase that binds to ephrins (e.g., ephrin-A1) to initiate bidirectional signaling between cells. The binding of EphA2 and ephrin-A1 leads to the inhibition of Ras-MAPK activity and tumor growth. During tumorigenesis, the normal interaction between EphA2 and ephrin-A1 is hindered, which leads to the overexpression of EphA2 and induces cancer. The overexpression of EphA2 has been identified as a notable tumor marker in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer. In this study, we used phage display to isolate specific antibodies against the active site of EphA2 by using a discontinuous recombinant epitope for immunization. The therapeutic efficacy and inhibition mechanism of the generated antibody against pancreatic cancer was validated and clarified. The generated antibodies were bound to the conformational epitope of endogenous EphA2 on cancer cells, thus inducing cellular endocytosis and causing EphA2 degradation. Molecule signals pAKT, pERK, pFAK, and pSTAT3 were weakened, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. The humanized antibody hSD5 could effectively inhibit the growth of the xenograft pancreatic cancer tumor cells BxPc-3 and Mia PaCa-2 in mice, respectively. When antibody hSD5 was administered with gemcitabine, significantly improved effects on tumor growth inhibition were observed. Based on the efficacy of the IgG hSD5 antibodies, clinical administration of the hSD5 antibodies is likely to suppress tumors in patients with pancreatic cancer and abnormal activation or overexpression of EphA2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Chang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Chiang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Gazaille C, Bozzato E, Madadian-Bozorg N, Mellinger A, Sicot M, Farooq U, Saulnier P, Eyer J, Préat V, Bertrand N, Bastiat G. Glioblastoma-targeted, local and sustained drug delivery system based on an unconventional lipid nanocapsule hydrogel. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213549. [PMID: 37453243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop an implantable therapeutic hydrogel that will ensure continuity in treatment between surgery and radiochemotherapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). A hydrogel of self-associated gemcitabine-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNC) has shown therapeutic efficacy in vivo in murine GBM resection models. To improve the targeting of GBM cells, the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide (NFL), was associated with LNC. The LNC-based hydrogels were formulated with the NFL. The peptide was totally and instantaneously adsorbed at the LNC surface, without modifying the hydrogel mechanical properties, and remained adsorbed to the LNC surface after the hydrogel dissolution. In vitro studies on GBM cell lines showed a faster internalization of the LNC and enhanced cytotoxicity, in the presence of NFL. Finally, in vivo studies in the murine GBM resection model proved that the gemcitabine-loaded LNC with adsorbed NFL could target the non-resected GBM cells and significantly delay or even inhibit the apparition of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gazaille
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | | | - Adélie Mellinger
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Marion Sicot
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Umer Farooq
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Univ Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU Quebec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
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Kumar A, Thirumurugan K. Understanding cellular senescence: pathways involved, therapeutics and longevity aiding. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2324-2345. [PMID: 38031713 PMCID: PMC10730163 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2287929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A normal somatic cell undergoes cycles of finite cellular divisions. The presence of surveillance checkpoints arrests cell division in response to stress inducers: oxidative stress from excess free radicals, oncogene-induced abnormalities, genotoxic stress, and telomere attrition. When facing such stress when undergoing these damages, there is a brief pause in the cell cycle to enable repair mechanisms. Also, the nature of stress determines whether the cell goes for repair or permanent arrest. As the cells experience transient or permanent stress, they subsequently choose the quiescence or senescence stage, respectively. Quiescence is an essential stage that allows the arrested/damaged cells to go through appropriate repair mechanisms and then revert to the mainstream cell cycle. However, senescent cells are irreversible and accumulate with age, resulting in inflammation and various age-related disorders. In this review, we focus on senescence-associated pathways and therapeutics understanding cellular senescence as a cascade that leads to aging, while discussing the recent details on the molecular pathways involved in regulating senescence and the benefits of therapeutic strategies against accumulated senescent cells and their secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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11
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Chai X, Meng Y, Ge W, Wang J, Li F, Wang XJ, Wang X. A novel synthesized prodrug of gemcitabine based on oxygen-free radical sensitivity inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:355-366. [PMID: 37705111 PMCID: PMC10541775 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we introduced the H 2O 2-sensitive thiazolidinone moiety at the 4th amino group of gemcitabine (GEM) to synthesize a new target compound named GEM-ZZQ, and then we confirmed its chemical structure by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We further confirmed that GEM-ZZQ had a good chemical stability in different pH solutions in vitro and that it could be activated by H 2O 2 to release GEM. Pharmacodynamic studies revealed that the growth inhibition of human normal epithelial cells was weaker by GEM-ZZQ than by GEM treatment and that the inhibition of various lung cancer cell lines by GEM-ZZQ was similar to that of GEM. For the lung cancer cell lines that are resistant to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting inhibitor osimertinib, GEM-ZZQ showed less growth inhibition than GEM; however, GEM-ZZQ in combination with cisplatin showed better synergistic effects than GEM in the low-dose groups. In summary, we provided a new anti-cancer compound GEM-ZZQ for treating lung cancer by modifying the GEM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuting Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xue Jun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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12
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Wang M, Qu K, Zhao P, Yin X, Meng Y, Herdewijn P, Liu C, Zhang L, Xia X. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of acetylated-lysine conjugated gemcitabine prodrugs. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1572-1580. [PMID: 37593582 PMCID: PMC10429768 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite drug approved for the treatment of various cancers. However, its use is limited due to several issues such as stability, toxicity and drug resistance. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a series of gemcitabine prodrugs with modifications on the 4-N-amino group by employing an acetylated l- or d-lysine moiety masked by different substitutions. Prodrugs 1-3 and 6-8 showed up to 2.4 times greater anticancer activity than gemcitabine in A549 lung cells, while they exhibited potent activity against BxPC-3 pancreatic cells with IC50 values in the range of 7-40 nM. Moreover, prodrugs 2-3 and 7-8 were found to be less potent against CTSL low expression Caco-2 cells and at least 69-fold less toxic towards human normal HEK-293T cells compared to gemcitabine, leading to improved selectivity and safety profiles. Further stability studies showed that representative prodrugs 2 and 7 exhibited enhanced metabolic stability in human plasma, human liver microsomes and cytidine deaminase. Prodrug 1 can be cleaved by tumor cell-enriched CTSL to release parent drug gemcitabine. Overall, these results demonstrated that acetylated lysine conjugated gemcitabine prodrugs could serve as promising leads for further evaluation as new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
| | - Kunyu Qu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
| | - Xin Yin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
| | - Yiwei Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
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13
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Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1367-1401. [PMID: 37397557 PMCID: PMC10310991 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of disease progression, our knowledge about the disease is snowballing, leading to the evolution of many new therapeutic regimes and their successive trials. In the past few decades, various combinations of therapies have been proposed and are presently employed in the treatment of diverse cancers. Targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized medicines are now largely being employed, which were not common a few years back. The field of cancer discoveries and therapeutics are evolving fast as cancer type-specific biomarkers are progressively being identified and several types of cancers are nowadays undergoing systematic therapies, extending patients' disease-free survival thereafter. Although growing evidence shows that a systematic and targeted approach could be the future of cancer medicine, chemotherapy remains a largely opted therapeutic option despite its known side effects on the patient's physical and psychological health. Chemotherapeutic agents/pharmaceuticals served a great purpose over the past few decades and have remained the frontline choice for advanced-stage malignancies where surgery and/or radiation therapy cannot be prescribed due to specific reasons. The present report succinctly reviews the existing and contemporary advancements in chemotherapy and assesses the status of the enrolled drugs/pharmaceuticals; it also comprehensively discusses the emerging role of specific/targeted therapeutic strategies that are presently being employed to achieve better clinical success/survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Arvind K. Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal 700056, India
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Valentina De Falco
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-D), Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, San Cristóbal de La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
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14
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Inkoom A, Ndemazie NB, Smith T, Frimpong E, Bulusu R, Poku R, Zhu X, Han B, Trevino J, Agyare E. Biological evaluation of novel gemcitabine analog in patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37179357 PMCID: PMC10182601 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (Gem) has been a standard first-line drug for pancreatic cancer (PCa) treatment; however, Gem's rapid metabolism and systemic instability (short half-life) limit its clinical outcome. The objective of this study was to modify Gem into a more stable form called 4-(N)-stearoyl-gemcitabine (4NSG) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from PCa of Black and White patients.Methods 4NSG was synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 4NSG-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (4NSG-SLN) were developed using the cold homogenization technique and characterized. Patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell lines labeled Black (PPCL-192, PPCL-135) and White (PPCL-46, PPCL-68) were used to assess the in vitro anticancer activity of 4NSG-SLN. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and tumor efficacy studies were conducted using PDX mouse models bearing tumors from Black and White PCa patients.Results 4NSG was significantly stable in liver microsomal solution. The effective mean particle size (hydrodynamic diameter) of 4NSG-SLN was 82 ± 6.7 nm, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4NSG-SLN treated PPCL-192 cells (9 ± 1.1 µM); PPCL-135 (11 ± 1.3 µM); PPCL-46 (12 ± 2.1) and PPCL-68 equaled to 22 ± 2.6 were found to be significantly lower compared to Gem treated PPCL-192 (57 ± 1.5 µM); PPCL-135 (56 ± 1.5 µM); PPCL-46 (56 ± 1.8 µM) and PPCL-68 (57 ± 2.4 µM) cells. The area under the curve (AUC), half-life, and pharmacokinetic clearance parameters for 4NSG-SLN were 3-fourfold higher than that of GemHCl. For in-vivo studies, 4NSG-SLN exhibited a two-fold decrease in tumor growth compared with GemHCl in PDX mice bearing Black and White PCa tumors.Conclusion 4NSG-SLN significantly improved the Gem's pharmacokinetic profile, enhanced Gem's systemic stability increased its antitumor efficacy in PCa PDX mice bearing Black and White patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Inkoom
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Nkafu Bechem Ndemazie
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Taylor Smith
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Esther Frimpong
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Raviteja Bulusu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Rosemary Poku
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Xue Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Jose Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward Agyare
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1415 South Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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15
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Panagiotakis S, Mavroidi B, Athanasopoulos A, Gonçalves AR, Bugnicourt-Moreira L, Regagnon T, Boukos N, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Grigalavicius M, Theodossiou TA, Berg K, Ladavière C, Pelecanou M, Yannakopoulou K. Small anticancer drug release by light: Photochemical internalization of porphyrin-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120579. [PMID: 36746578 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to engineer simple, neutral, strongly amphiphilic photoactive nanoparticles (NPs) to specifically target cancer cell lysosomes for drug transport and light-controlled release, new conjugates of β-cyclodextrin with highly hydrophobic triphenylporphyrin bearing different alkyl chains, were synthesized. Although differently sized, all conjugates self-assemble into ~60 nm NPs in water and display similar photoactivity. The NPs target selectively the lysosomes of breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, embedding in vesicular membranes, as experiments with model liposomes indicate. Either empty or drug-loaded, the NPs lack dark toxicity for 48 h. They bind with differently structured anticancer drugs tamoxifen and gemcitabine as its N-adamantyl derivative. Red light irradiation of cells incubated with drug-loaded NPs results in major reduction of viability (>85 %) for 48 h displaying significant synergy of photo-chemotoxicity, as opposed to empty NPs, and to loaded non-irradiated NPs, in manifestation of photochemical internalization (PCI). Our approach expands the field of PCI into different small molecule chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Antonio Ricardo Gonçalves
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Loïc Bugnicourt-Moreira
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, IMP, UCBL, 15 bd André Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Theo Regagnon
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, IMP, UCBL, 15 bd André Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - George Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Catherine Ladavière
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, IMP, UCBL, 15 bd André Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi 15341, Attiki, Greece.
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16
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Hanif A, Ibrahim AH, Ismail S, Al-Rawi SS, Ahmad JN, Hameed M, Mustufa G, Tanwir S. Cytotoxicity against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line via the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Nuclear Condensation Effects of Nepeta paulsenii Briq., a Perennial Herb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062812. [PMID: 36985784 PMCID: PMC10054104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Nepeta belongs to the largest Lamiaceae family, with 300 species, which are distributed throughout the various regions of Africa, Asia, India, and America. Along with other plant families distinguished by their medicinal and therapeutic values, the Nepeta genus of Lameaceae remains relatively valuable. Hence, the phytochemicals of N. paulsenii Briq. were extracted using different plant parts, i.e., leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and the whole plant by using various solvents (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate), obtaining 15 fractions. Each extract of dried plant material was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the chemical constituents. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was analyzed by MTT assay and mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation assays against lung cancer cells. Among the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts, the flowers showed the best results, with IC50 values of 51.57 μg/mL and 50.58 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, among the water extracts of the various plant segments, the stem showed the best results, with an IC50 value of 123.80 μg/mL. 5-flourouracil was used as the standard drug, providing an IC50 value of 83.62 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33342 stain results indicated apoptotic features, i.e., chromatin dissolution and broken down, fragmented, and crescent-shaped nuclei. The ethanolic extracts of the flowers showed more pronounced apoptotic effects on the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that rhodamine 123 fluorescence signals suppressed mitochondrial potential due to the treatment with the extracts. Again, the apoptotic index of the ethanolic extract of the flowers remained the highest. Hence it can be concluded that the flower part of N. paulsenii Briq. was found to be the most active against the A459 human lung cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hanif
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad H Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Sidra Ismail
- Incharge Health Officer, BHU 418 GB, Faisalabad 37150, Pakistan
| | - Sawsan S Al-Rawi
- Biology Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustufa
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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17
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Cordes BLA, Bilger A, Kraus RJ, Ward-Shaw ET, Labott MR, Lee S, Lambert PF, Mertz JE. Drugs That Mimic Hypoxia Selectively Target EBV-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1846. [PMID: 36980731 PMCID: PMC10046841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cell cancers, including 10% of gastric carcinomas. We previously reported that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induces EBV's latent-to-lytic switch and identified several HIF-1α-stabilizing drugs that induce this viral reactivation. Here, we tested three classes of these drugs for preferential killing of the EBV-positive gastric cancer AGS-Akata cell line compared to its matched EBV-negative AGS control. We observed preferential killing with iron chelators [Deferoxamine (DFO); Deferasirox (DFX)] and a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (BAY 85-3934 (Molidustat)), but not with a neddylation inhibitor [MLN4924 (Pevonedistat)]. DFO and DFX also induced preferential killing of the EBV-positive gastric cancer AGS-BDneo and SNU-719 cell lines. Preferential killing was enhanced when low-dose DFX (10 μM) was combined with the antiviral prodrug ganciclovir. DFO and DFX induced lytic EBV reactivation in approximately 10% of SNU-719 and 20-30% of AGS-Akata and AGS-BDneo cells. However, neither DFO nor DFX significantly induced synthesis of lytic EBV proteins in xenografts grown in NSG mice from AGS-Akata cells above the level observed in control-treated mice. Therefore, these FDA-approved iron chelators are less effective than gemcitabine at promoting EBV reactivation in vivo despite their high specificity and efficiency in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janet E. Mertz
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (B.-l.A.C.); (A.B.); (R.J.K.); (E.T.W.-S.); (M.R.L.); (S.L.); (P.F.L.)
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18
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Raskolupova VI, Wang M, Dymova MA, Petrov GO, Shchudlo IM, Taskaev SY, Abramova TV, Godovikova TS, Silnikov VN, Popova TV. Design of the New Closo-Dodecarborate-Containing Gemcitabine Analogue for the Albumin-Based Theranostics Composition. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062672. [PMID: 36985644 PMCID: PMC10056911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is becoming an increasingly important treatment strategy because multi-drugs can maximize therapeutic effect and overcome potential mechanisms of drug resistance. A new albumin-based theranostic containing gemcitabine closo-dodecaborate analogue has been developed for combining boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and chemotheraphy. An exo-heterocyclic amino group of gemcitabine was used to introduce closo-dodecaborate, and a 5′-hydroxy group was used to tether maleimide moiety through an acid-labile phosphamide linker. The N-trifluoroacylated homocysteine thiolactone was used to attach the gemcitabine analogue to human serum albumin (HSA) bearing Cy5 or Cy7 fluorescent dyes. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the designed theranostic relative to T98G cells was 0.47 mM with the correlation coefficient R = 0.82. BNCT experiments resulted in a decrease in the viability of T98G cells, and the survival fraction was ≈ 0.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I. Raskolupova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Meiling Wang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maya A. Dymova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gleb O. Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan M. Shchudlo
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Taskaev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Abramova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana S. Godovikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Silnikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8-383-3635183
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19
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Wang S, Yu K, Yu Z, Zhang B, Chen C, Lin L, Li Z, Li Z, Zheng Y, Yu Z. Targeting self-enhanced ROS-responsive artesunatum prodrug nanoassembly potentiates gemcitabine activity by down-regulating CDA expression in cervical cancer. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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20
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Zhong H, Li X, Yu N, Zhang X, Mu J, Liu T, Yuan B, Yuan X, Guo S. Fine-tuning the sequential drug release of nano-formulated mutual prodrugs dictates the combination effects. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3789-3799. [PMID: 37035705 PMCID: PMC10074403 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoformulated mutual prodrugs able to release two drugs either in order or simultaneously which significantly affected the combination effects consistently in vitro and in vivo, and links the in vitro–in vivo optimization of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingqing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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21
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LogP of N-acyl-gemcitabine and lectin-corona emerge as key parameters in nanoparticulate intravesical cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106330. [PMID: 36379358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
After surgical removal of the tumour tissue, bladder cancer is treated by intravesical instillation of cytotoxic drugs such as gemcitabine. Gemcitabine, however, is highly hydrophilic and possesses a short half-life due to fast enzymatic deamination. Additionally, continuous dilution by urine, a hardly permeable urothelial barrier and rapid excretion by urination make therapy difficult. To modify lipophilicity of the drug, N-acyl-gemcitabine derivatives with quite different solubility and logP were synthesized, purified and characterized. The loading of PLGA nanoparticles with the N-acyl-gemcitabine derivatives followed by release in artificial urine, revealed that the drug content increases but the subsequent release decreases with lipophilicity. Additionally, acylation increased cytotoxicity and opened passive diffusion as an additional pathway into cancer cells. To address physiological constraints, the surface of the monodisperse nanoparticles was grafted with bioadhesive wheat germ agglutinin. Cytoadhesion to artificial bladder cancer tissue and even uptake into the cells as indicated by microscopic imaging are expected to prolong the retention time in the bladder cavity as well as to promote uptake into the cells. By using N-caprylic-gemcitabine as most appropriate gemcitabine-derivative for drug loading and making use of the bioadhesive characteristics of wheat germ agglutinin for grafting the corona of PLGA-nanoparticles, an innovative strategy towards smart drug delivery for instillative therapy of bladder cancer is proposed.
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López-Álvarez M, González-Aguilera C, Moura DS, Sánchez-Bustos P, Mondaza-Hernández JL, Martín-Ruiz M, Renshaw M, Ramos R, Castilla C, Blanco-Alcaina E, Hindi N, Martín-Broto J. Efficacy of Eribulin Plus Gemcitabine Combination in L-Sarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:680. [PMID: 36614121 PMCID: PMC9820645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the overall survival of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients has increased in recent years, the median progression-free survival is lower than 5 months, meaning that there is an unmet need in this population. Among second-line treatments for advanced STS, eribulin is an anti-microtubule agent that has been approved for liposarcoma. Here, we tested the combination of eribulin with gemcitabine in preclinical models of L-sarcoma. The effect in cell viability was measured by MTS and clonogenic assay. Cell cycle profiling was studied by flow cytometry, while apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The activity of eribulin plus gemcitabine was evaluated in in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In L-sarcoma cell lines, eribulin plus gemcitabine showed to be synergistic, increasing the number of hypodiploid events (increased subG1 population) and the accumulation of DNA damage. In in vivo PDX models of L-sarcomas, eribulin combined with gemcitabine was a viable scheme, delaying tumour growth after one cycle of treatment, being more effective in leiomyosarcoma. The combination of eribulin and gemcitabine was synergistic in L-sarcoma cultures and it showed to be active in in vivo studies. This combination deserves further exploration in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Álvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David S. Moura
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bustos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Renshaw
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carolina Castilla
- Nodo Biobanco Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Biobanco del SSPA, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Alcaina
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío-HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Hindi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Broto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS/FJD), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Wang R, Li Y, Gao J, Luan Y. WRQ-2, a gemcitabine prodrug, reverses gemcitabine resistance caused by hENT1 inhibition. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:286-292. [PMID: 36529509 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is widely used in the clinic as a first-line antitumor agent. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance hinders its wide clinical application. In this study, a gemcitabine prodrug nominated as WRQ-2 was designed and synthesized by conjugating gemcitabine with the indole-3-methanol analogue OSU-A9 through a carbamate linkage. WRQ-2 exhibited high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, MDA-MB-231, HuH-7, MGC-803, and HCT-116) with IC50 values in low micromolar range. WRQ-2 reversed the resistance of HeLa cells to gemcitabine caused by hENT1 inhibition. Compared to gemcitabine, WRQ-2 induced a higher degree of DNA damage and apoptosis in the presence of hENT1 inhibitor. Our study suggests that compound WRQ-2 is a potential gemcitabine prodrug and worth of further antitumor activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruquan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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24
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Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang K, Luan Y. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity study of a gemcitabine prodrug conjugated with a HDAC6 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128881. [PMID: 35810950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine, as a first-line antitumor drug, has attracted extensive attention. However the occurrence of drug resistance limits its clinical utilization. In this paper, a gemcitabine prodrug GZ was designed and synthesized by conjugation of gemcitabine with a newly reported HDAC6 selective inhibitor pentadecanoic acid. GZ displayed high cytotoxicity to nine cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. In vivo, GZ displayed superior antitumor activity to gemcitabine in a 4T1 tumor xenograft model without obvious pathological damage to important organs of mice. Our study showed that compound GZ is a potential gemcitabine prodrug, which is worthy of further antitumor activity exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanpeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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25
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López S, Rodríguez-López J, García MT, Rodríguez JF, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Ramos MJ, Gracia I. Self-assembled coumarin- and 5-fluorouracil-PEG micelles as multifunctional drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Seidi F, Zhong Y, Xiao H, Jin Y, Crespy D. Degradable polyprodrugs: design and therapeutic efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6652-6703. [PMID: 35796314 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs are developed to increase the therapeutic properties of drugs and reduce their side effects. Polyprodrugs emerged as highly efficient prodrugs produced by the polymerization of one or several drug monomers. Polyprodrugs can be gradually degraded to release therapeutic agents. The complete degradation of polyprodrugs is an important factor to guarantee the successful disposal of the drug delivery system from the body. The degradation of polyprodrugs and release rate of the drugs can be controlled by the type of covalent bonds linking the monomer drug units in the polymer structure. Therefore, various types of polyprodrugs have been developed based on polyesters, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyketals, polymetallodrugs, polyphosphazenes, and polyimines. Furthermore, the presence of stimuli-responsive groups, such as redox-responsive linkages (disulfide, boronate ester, metal-complex, and oxalate), pH-responsive linkages (ester, imine, hydrazone, acetal, orthoester, P-O and P-N), light-responsive (metal-complex, o-nitrophenyl groups) and enzyme-responsive linkages (ester, peptides) allow for a selective degradation of the polymer backbone in targeted tumors. We envision that new strategies providing a more efficient synergistic therapy will be developed by combining polyprodrugs with gene delivery segments and targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Yajie Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand.
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27
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Zhao W, Yang S, Li C, Li F, Pang H, Xu G, Wang Y, Cong M. Amphiphilic Dendritic Nanomicelle-Mediated Delivery of Gemcitabine for Enhancing the Specificity and Effectiveness. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3239-3249. [PMID: 35924258 PMCID: PMC9341456 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s371775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houjun Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangling Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mei Cong, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0373 3029879, Fax + 86 0373 3029879, Email
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28
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Khan MI, Alsayed RKME, Choudhry H, Ahmad A. Exosome-Mediated Response to Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Epigenetic Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116222. [PMID: 35682901 PMCID: PMC9181065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, the extracellular vesicles produced in the endosomal compartments, facilitate the transportation of proteins as well as nucleic acids. Epigenetic modifications are now considered important for fine-tuning the response of cancer cells to various therapies, and the acquired resistance against targeted therapies often involves dysregulated epigenetic modifications. Depending on the constitution of their cargo, exosomes can affect several epigenetic events, thus impacting post-transcriptional regulations. Thus, a role of exosomes as facilitators of epigenetic modifications has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. Exosomes can deliver methyltransferases to recipient cells and, more importantly, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), represent an important exosome cargo that can affect the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors, with a resulting impact on cancer therapy resistance. Exosomes often harbor other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that support resistance. The exosome-mediated transfer of all this cargo between cancer cells and their surrounding cells, especially tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts, has a profound effect on the sensitivity of cancer cells to several chemotherapeutics. This review focuses on the exosome-induced modulation of epigenetic events with resulting impact on sensitivity of cancer cells to various therapies, such as, tamoxifen, cisplatin, gemcitabine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which exosomes can modulate response to therapy in cancer cells is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran Khan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.K.); (H.C.)
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. M. E. Alsayed
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.K.); (H.C.)
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44390984
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Venn-Watson SK, Butterworth CN. Broader and safer clinically-relevant activities of pentadecanoic acid compared to omega-3: Evaluation of an emerging essential fatty acid across twelve primary human cell-based disease systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268778. [PMID: 35617322 PMCID: PMC9135213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports that pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), an odd-chain saturated fat found in butter, is an essential fatty acid that is necessary in the diet to support long-term metabolic and heart health. Here, dose dependent and clinically relevant cell-based activities of pure C15:0 (FA15TM) were compared to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a leading omega-3 fatty acid, as well as to an additional 4,500 compounds. These studies included 148 clinically relevant biomarkers measured across 12 primary human cell systems, mimicking various disease states, that were treated with C15:0 at four different concentrations (1.9 to 50 μM) and compared to non-treated control systems. C15:0 was non-cytotoxic at all concentrations and had dose dependent, broad anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities involving 36 biomarkers across 10 systems. In contrast, EPA was cytotoxic to four cell systems at 50 μM. While 12 clinically relevant activities were shared between C15:0 and EPA at 17 μM, C15:0 had an additional 28 clinically relevant activities, especially anti-inflammatory, that were not present in EPA. Further, at 1.9 and 5.6 μM, C15:0 had cell-based properties similar to bupropion (Pearson’s scores of 0.78), a compound commonly used to treat depression and other mood disorders. At 5.6 μM, C15:0 mimicked two antimicrobials, climabazole and clarithromycin (Pearson’s scores of 0.76 and 0.75, respectively), and at 50 μM, C15:0 activities matched that of two common anti-cancer therapeutics, gemcitabine and paclitaxel (Pearson’s scores of 0.77 and 0.74, respectively). In summary, C15:0 had dose-dependent and clinically relevant activities across numerous human cell-based systems that were broader and safer than EPA, and C15:0 activities paralleled common therapeutics for mood disorders, microbial infections, and cancer. These studies further support the emerging role of C15:0 as an essential fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Venn-Watson
- Epitracker, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Seraphina Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Sun B, Bte Rahmat JN, Kim HJ, Mahendran R, Esuvaranathan K, Chiong E, Ho JS, Neoh KG, Zhang Y. Wirelessly Activated Nanotherapeutics for In Vivo Programmable Photodynamic-Chemotherapy of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200731. [PMID: 35393785 PMCID: PMC9165499 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising intervention using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, current bladder cancer treatments involve high-dose chemotherapy and high-irradiance PDT which cause debilitating side effects. Moreover, low penetration of light and drugs in target tissues and cumbersome light delivery procedures hinder the clinical utility of PDT and chemotherapy combination for PCI. To circumvent these challenges, a photodynamic-chemotherapy approach is developed comprising tumor-targeting glycosylated nanocarriers, coloaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6) and gemcitabine elaidate (GemE), and a miniaturized implantable wirelessly powered light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source. The device successfully delivers four weekly light doses to the bladder while the nanocarrier promoted the specific accumulation of drugs in tumors. This approach facilitates the combination of low-irradiance PDT (1 mW cm-2 ) and low-dose chemotherapy (≈1500× lower than clinical dose) which significantly cures and controls orthotopic disease burden (90% treated vs control, 35%) in mice, demonstrating a potential new bladder cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Han Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Kesavan Esuvaranathan
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of SurgeryYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
- Department of UrologyNational University Health SystemSingapore119228Singapore
| | - John S. Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore119276Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117585Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
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Ito C, Taguchi K, Moroi Y, Enoki Y, Tokuda R, Yamasaki K, Imoto S, Matsumoto K. Trimethoxy trityl groups as a potent substituent for anti-cancer cytidine analog prodrugs. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2201-2209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Tumor micro-environment targeted collagenase-modified albumin nanoparticles for improved drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Zhong W, Zhang X, Duan X, Liu H, Fang Y, Luo M, Fang Z, Miao C, Lin D, Wu J. Redox-responsive self-assembled polymeric nanoprodrug for delivery of gemcitabine in B-cell lymphoma therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:67-80. [PMID: 35331940 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine, as a standard and classic strategy for B-cell lymphoma in the clinic, is limited by its poor pharmacodynamics. Although stimuli-responsive polymeric nanodelivery systems have been widely investigated in the past decade, issues such as complicated procedures, low loading capacity, and uncontrollable release kinetics still hinder their clinical translation. In view of the above considerations, we attempt to construct hyperbranched polyprodrug micelles with considerable drug loading via simple procedures and make use of the particularity of the tumor microenvironment to ensure that the micelles are "inactivated" in normal tissues and "activated" in the tumor microenvironment. Hence, in this work, a redox-responsive polymeric gemcitabine-prodrug (GEM-S-S-PEG) was one-pot synthesized via facile esterification and acylation. The self-assembled subsize (< 100 nm) GEM-S-S-PEG (GSP NPs) with considerable loading capacity (≈ 24.6%) exhibited on-demand and accurate control of gemcitabine release under a simulated tumor microenvironment and thus significantly induced the apoptosis of B-cell lymphoma in vitro. Moreover, in the A20 tumor xenograft murine model, GSP NPs efficiently decreased the expansion of tumor tissues with minimal systemic toxicity. In summary, these redox-responsive and self-assembling GSP NPs with a facile one-pot synthesis procedure may hold great potency in clinical translation for enhanced chemotherapy of B-cell lymphoma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A redox-responsive polymeric gemcitabine-prodrug (GEM-S-S-PEG) was one-pot synthesized via facile esterification and acylation. The self-assembled subsize (< 100 nm) GEM-S-S-PEG (GSP NPs) exhibited significant tumor therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. The polyprodrug GEM-S-S-PEG prepared in this study shows the great potential of redox-responsive nanodrugs for antitumor activity, which provides a reference value for the optimization of the design of functional polyprodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiao Duan
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, The Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yifen Fang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Moucheng Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhengwen Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Congxiu Miao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, The Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China.
| | - Dongjun Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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34
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Yoshida Y, Ti Z, Tanabe W, Tomoike F, Hashiya F, Suzuki T, Hirota S, Saiki Y, Horii A, Hirayama A, Soga T, Kimura Y, Abe H. Development of Fluorophosphoramidate as a New Biocompatible Transformable Functional Group and its Application as a Phosphate Prodrug for Nucleoside Analogs. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200188. [PMID: 35393747 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic phosphate-derived functional groups are important for controlling the function of bioactive molecules in vivo . Herein we describe the development of a new type of biocompatible phosphate analog, a fluorophosphoramidate (FPA) functional group that has characteristic P-F and P-N bonds. We found that FPA with a primary amino group was relatively unstable in aqueous solution and was converted to a monophosphate, while FPA with a secondary amino group was stable. Furthermore, by improving the molecular design of FPA, we developed a reaction in which a secondary amino group is converted to a primary amino group in the intracellular environment, and clarified that the FPA group functions as a phosphate prodrug of nucleoside. Various FPA-gemcitabine derivatives were synthesized and their anticancer activities were evaluated. One of the FPA-gemcitabine derivatives showed superior anticancer activity compared with gemcitabine and its ProTide prodrug, which methodology is widely used in various nucleoside analogs, including anti-cancer and anti-virus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Graduate School of Science, JAPAN
| | - Zheng Ti
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Graduate School of Science, JAPAN
| | - Wataru Tanabe
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Graduate School of Science, JAPAN
| | - Fumiaki Tomoike
- Gakushuin University: Gakushuin Daigaku, Graduate School of Science, JAPAN
| | - Fumitaka Hashiya
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Research Center for Material Science, JAPAN
| | | | - Shuto Hirota
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, School of Medicine, JAPAN
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, School of Medicine, JAPAN
| | - Akira Horii
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku, School of Medicine, JAPAN
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Keio University: Keio Gijuku Daigaku, Institute for Biosciences, JAPAN
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Keio University: Keio Gijuku Daigaku, Institute for Advance Biosciences, JAPAN
| | - Yasuaki Kimura
- Nagoya University: Nagoya Daigaku, Graduate School of Science, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Nagoya University, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, 464-8602, Nagoya, JAPAN
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Ferreira A, Moreira S, Lapa R, Vale N. Permeability evaluation of gemcitabine-CPP6 conjugates in Caco-2 cells. ADMET AND DMPK 2022; 9:41-48. [PMID: 35310327 PMCID: PMC8923309 DOI: 10.5599/admet.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases due to its high mortality and still increasing incidence rate. Currently available treatments for this condition present several shortcomings and new options are continuously being developed and evaluated, aiming at increasing the overall treatment efficiency and reducing associated adverse side effects. Gemcitabine has proven activity and is used in chemotherapy. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by its low bioavailability as a result of rapid enzymatic inactivation. Additionally, tumor cells often develop drug resistance after initial tumor regression related to transporter deficiency. We have previously developed three gemcitabine conjugates with cell-penetrating hexapeptides (CPP6) to facilitate intracellular delivery of this drug while also preventing enzymatic deamination. The bioactivity of these new prodrugs was evaluated in different cell lines and showed promising results. Here, we assessed the absorption and permeability across Caco-2 monolayers of these conjugates in comparison with gemcitabine and the respective isolated cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPP6-2 (KLPVMW) and respective Gem-CPP6-2 conjugate showed the highest permeability in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ferreira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.,LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Moreira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Lapa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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36
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Bidan N, Lores S, Vanhecke A, Nicolas V, Domenichini S, López R, de la Fuente M, Mura S. Before in vivo studies: In vitro screening of sphingomyelin nanosystems using a relevant 3D multicellular pancreatic tumor spheroid model. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121577. [PMID: 35167901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin nanosystems have already shown to be promising carriers for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. For further application in the treatment of pancreatic tumor, the investigation on relevant in vitro models able to reproduce its physio-pathological complexity, is mandatory. Accordingly, a 3D heterotype spheroid model of pancreatic tumor has been herein constructed to investigate the potential of bare and polyethylene glycol-modified lipids nanosystems in terms of their ability to penetrate the tumor mass and deliver drugs. Regardless of their surface properties, the lipid nanosystems successfully diffused through the spheroid without inducing toxicity, showing a clear safety profile. Loading of the bare nanosystems with a lipid prodrug of gemcitabine was used to evaluate their therapeutic potential. While the nanosystems were more effective than the free drug on 2D cell monocultures, this advantage, despite their efficient penetration capacity, was lost in the 3D tumor model. The latter, being able to mimic the tumor and its microenvironment, was capable to provide a more realistic information on the cell sensitivity to treatments. These results highlight the importance of using appropriate 3D tumour models as tools for proper in vitro evaluation of nanomedicine efficacy and their timely optimisation, so as to identify the best candidates for later in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Bidan
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Saínza Lores
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aure Vanhecke
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- UMS-IPSIT MIPSIT Microscopy facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Severine Domenichini
- UMS-IPSIT MIPSIT Microscopy facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l'Innovation Thérapeutique, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rafael López
- Translational Medical Oncology group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.
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37
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Pereira M, Vale N. Two Possible Strategies for Drug Modification of Gemcitabine and Future Contributions to Personalized Medicine. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010291. [PMID: 35011522 PMCID: PMC8746447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an emerging strategy, which uses already approved drugs for new medical indications. One such drug is gemcitabine, an anticancer drug that only works at high doses since a portion is deactivated in the serum, which causes toxicity. In this review, two methods were discussed that could improve the anticancer effect of gemcitabine. The first is a chemical modification by conjugation with cell-penetrating peptides, namely penetratin, pVEC, and different kinds of CPP6, which mostly all showed an increased anticancer effect. The other method is combining gemcitabine with repurposed drugs, namely itraconazole, which also showed great cancer cell inhibition growth. Besides these two strategies, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK models) are also the key for predicting drug distribution based on physiological data, which is very important for personalized medicine, so that the correct drug and dosage regimen can be administered according to each patient’s physiology. Taking all of this into consideration, it is believed that gemcitabine can be repurposed to have better anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-426-537
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38
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Selvarajoo N, Stanslas J, Islam MK, Sagineedu SR, Lian HK, Lim JCW. Pharmacological Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2581-2595. [PMID: 35331093 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220324123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignant neoplasm with infrequent signs and symptoms until a progressive stage. In 2020, GLOBOCAN reported that pancreatic cancer accounts for 4.7% of all cancer deaths. Despite the availability of standard chemotherapy regimens for treatment, the survival benefits are not guaranteed because tumor cells become chemoresistant even due to the development of chemoresistance in tumor cells even with a short treatment course, where apoptosis and autophagy play critical roles. OBJECTIVE This review compiled essential information on the regulatory mechanisms and roles of apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer, as well as drug-like molecules that target different pathways in pancreatic cancer eradication, with an aim to provide ideas to the scientific communities in discovering novel and specific drugs to treat pancreatic cancer, specifically PDAC. METHOD Electronic databases that were searched for research articles for this review were Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. The published studies were identified and retrieved using selected keywords. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Many small-molecule anticancer agents have been developed to regulate autophagy and apoptosis associated with pancreatic cancer treatment, where most of them target apoptosis directly through EGFR/Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. The cancer drugs that regulate autophagy in treating cancer can be categorized into three groups: i) direct autophagy inducers (e.g., rapamycin), ii) indirect autophagy inducers (e.g., resveratrol), and iii) autophagy inhibitors. Resveratrol persuades both apoptosis and autophagy with a cytoprotective effect, while autophagy inhibitors (e.g., 3-methyladenine, chloroquine) can turn off the protective autophagic effect for therapeutic benefits. Several studies showed that autophagy inhibition resulted in a synergistic effect with chemotherapy (e.g., a combination of metformin with gemcitabine/ 5FU). Such drugs possess a unique clinical value in treating pancreatic cancer as well as other autophagy-dependent carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityaa Selvarajoo
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Kaisarul Islam
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ho Kok Lian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chatzisideri T, Leonidis G, Karampelas T, Skavatsou E, Velentza-Almpani A, Bianchini F, Tamvakopoulos C, Sarli V. Integrin-Mediated Targeted Cancer Therapy Using c(RGDyK)-Based Conjugates of Gemcitabine. J Med Chem 2021; 65:271-284. [PMID: 34967607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
c(RGDyK)-based conjugates of gemcitabine (GEM) with the carbonate and carbamate linkages in the 6-OH group of GEM were synthesized for the targeted delivery of GEM to integrin αvβ3, overexpressing cancer cells to increase the stability as well as the tumor delivery of GEM and minimize common side effects associated with GEM treatment. Competitive cell uptake experiments demonstrated that conjugate TC113 could be internalized by A549 cells through integrin αvβ3. Among the synthesized conjugates, TC113 bearing the carbamate linker was stable in human plasma and was further assessed in an in vivo pharmacokinetic study. TC113 appeared to be relatively stable, releasing GEM slowly into blood, while it showed potent antiproliferative properties against WM266.4 and A549 cells. The encouraging data presented in this study with respect to TC113 provide a promising keystone for further investigation of this GEM conjugate with potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Chatzisideri
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Leonidis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampelas
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Skavatsou
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
| | - Angeliki Velentza-Almpani
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, V.le GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Street 4, Athens GR-11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Sarli
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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40
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Fatfat Z, Fatfat M, Gali-Muhtasib H. Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in combination therapy against cancer and cancer stem cells. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:522-543. [PMID: 34367926 PMCID: PMC8317652 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i7.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term success of standard anticancer monotherapeutic strategies has been hampered by intolerable side effects, resistance to treatment and cancer relapse. These monotherapeutic strategies shrink the tumor bulk but do not effectively eliminate the population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are normally present within the tumor. These surviving CSCs develop mechanisms of resistance to treatment and refuel the tumor, thus causing cancer relapse. To ensure durable tumor control, research has moved away from adopting the monotreatment paradigm towards developing and using combination therapy. Combining different therapeutic modalities has demonstrated significant therapeutic outcomes by strengthening the anti-tumor potential of monotreatment against cancer and cancer stem cells, mitigating their toxic adverse effects, and ultimately overcoming resistance. Recently, there has been growing interest in combining natural products from different sources or with clinically used chemotherapeutics to further improve treatment efficacy and tolerability. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main bioactive constituent of Nigella sativa, has gained great attention in combination therapy research after demonstrating its low toxicity to normal cells and remarkable anticancer efficacy in extensive preclinical studies in addition to its ability to target chemoresistant CSCs. Here, we provide an overview of the therapeutic responses resulting from combining TQ with conventional therapeutic agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites and antimicrotubules as well as with topoisomerase inhibitors and non-coding RNA. We also review data on anticancer effects of TQ when combined with ionizing radiation and several natural products such as vitamin D3, melatonin and other compounds derived from Chinese medicinal plants. The focus of this review is on two outcomes of TQ combination therapy, namely eradicating CSCs and treating various types of cancers. In conclusion, the ability of TQ to potentiate the anticancer activity of many chemotherapeutic agents and sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy makes it a promising molecule that could be used in combination therapy to overcome resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents and reduce their associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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41
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Xu Z, Zhang B, Liao Z, Gou S. A gemcitabine-based conjugate with enhanced antitumor efficacy by suppressing HIF-1α expression under hypoxia. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116214. [PMID: 33992863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the unique features of tumor physiology. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), as a major transcription factor in response to hypoxia, has been considered as a promising tumor-specific target for anticancer therapy. The formation of a hypoxic microenvironment in tumors can decrease the curative effect of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. To promote the antitumor efficacy of chemotherapy by suppressing hypoxia, we designed and prepared a novel gemcitabine-based drug conjugate (GEM-5) containing a HIF-1α inhibitor (YC-1). As expected, GEM-5 showed excellent antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 0.03 μΜ under hypoxia) and remarkably induced the apoptosis of A2780 cells in vitro. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that GEM-5 significantly down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and up-regulated the expression of tumor suppressor p53. More importantly, GEM-5 effectively inhibited tumor growth in the A2780 xenograft mouse model and significantly ameliorated tumor hypoxia in vivo. This novel, simple, and effective strategy for overcoming tumor hypoxia and enhancing the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic drugs has great potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Institute of Nanjing Junruo Biomedicine, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhixin Liao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Institute of Nanjing Junruo Biomedicine, Nanjing 211100, China.
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42
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Tong QS, Miao WM, Huang H, Luo JQ, Liu R, Huang YC, Zhao DK, Shen S, Du JZ, Wang J. A Tumor-Penetrating Nanomedicine Improves the Chemoimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101208. [PMID: 34145747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors with a low survival rate. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for PDAC is disappointing due to the presence of dense tumor stroma and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a tumor-penetrating nanoparticle is reported to modulate the deep microenvironment of PDAC for improved chemoimmunotherapy. The tumor pH-sensitive polymer is synthesized by conjugating N,N-dipentylethyl moieties and monomethoxylpoly(ethylene glycol) onto PAMAM dendrimer, into whose cavity a hydrophobic gemcitabine (Gem) prodrug is accommodated. They self-assemble into nanoparticles (denoted as SPN@Pro-Gem) with the size around 120 nm at neutral pH, but switch into small particles (≈8 nm) at tumor site to facilitate deep delivery of Gem into the tumor parenchyma. In addition to killing cancer cells that resided deeply in the tumor tissue, SPN@Pro-Gem could modulate the TME by reducing the abundance of tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells as well as upregulating the expression level of PD-L1 of tumor cells. This collectively facilitates the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells into the tumors and renders checkpoint inhibitors more effective in previously unresponsive PDAC models. This study reveals a promising strategy for improving the chemoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Song Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-Min Miao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Jia-Qi Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong-Cong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Dong-Kun Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Song Shen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Han H, Li S, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Wang K, Jin Q, Ji J, Yao K. Emerging pro-drug and nano-drug strategies for gemcitabine-based cancer therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:35-52. [PMID: 35261643 PMCID: PMC8888143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless, the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accordingly, it is highly crucial to fabricate efficient gemcitabine delivery systems to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. A large number of gemcitabine pro-drugs were synthesized by chemical modification of gemcitabine to improve its biostability and bioavailability. Besides, gemcitabine-loaded nano-drugs were prepared to improve the delivery efficiency. In this review article, we introduced different strategies for improving the therapeutic performance of gemcitabine by the fabrication of pro-drugs and nano-drugs. We hope this review will provide new insight into the rational design of gemcitabine-based delivery strategies for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Fujisawa N, Takanohashi M, Chen L, Uto K, Matsumoto Y, Takeuchi M, Ebara M. A Diels-Alder polymer platform for thermally enhanced drug release toward efficient local cancer chemotherapy. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:522-531. [PMID: 34220340 PMCID: PMC8231351 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1939152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We reports a novel thermally enhanced drug release system synthesized via a dynamic Diels-Alder (DA) reaction to develop chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. The anticancer prodrug was designed by tethering gemcitabine (GEM) to poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA) via N-(3-maleimidopropionyloxy)succinimide as a linker by DA reaction (PFMA-L-GEM). The conversion rate of the DA reaction was found to be approximately 60% at room temperature for 120 h. The reversible deconstruction of the DA covalent bond in retro Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and the reaction was significantly accelerated at 90 °C. A PFMA-LGEM film containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared for thermally enhanced release of the drug via the rDA reaction. Drug release was initiated by heating MNPs by alternating magnetic field. This enables local heating within the film above the rDA reaction temperature while maintaining a constant surrounding medium temperature. The MNPs/PFMA-L-GEM film decreased the viability of pancreatic cancer cells by 49% over 24 h. Our results suggest that DA/rDA-based thermally enhanced drug release systems can serve as a local drug release platform and deliver the target drug within locally heated tissue, thereby improving the therapeutic efficiency and overcoming the side effects of conventional drugs used to treat pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Fujisawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masato Takanohashi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Lili Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Japan
- CONTACT Mitsuhiro Ebara Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Cabrero C, Martín-Pintado N, Mazzini S, Gargallo R, Eritja R, Aviñó A, González C. Structural Effects of Incorporation of 2'-Deoxy-2'2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine (Gemcitabine) in A- and B-Form Duplexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7351-7355. [PMID: 33772916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the structural effect of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine (dFdC) insertions in the DNA strand of a DNA : RNA hybrid duplex and in a self-complementary DNA : DNA duplex. In both cases, the modification slightly destabilizes the duplex and provokes minor local distortions that are more pronounced in the case of the DNA : RNA hybrid. Analysis of the solution structures determined by NMR methods show that dFdC is an adaptable derivative that adopts North type sugar conformation when inserted in pure DNA, or a South sugar conformation in the context of DNA : RNA hybrids. In this latter context, South sugar pucker favors the formation of a 2'F⋅⋅H8 attractive interaction with a neighboring purine, which compensates the destabilizing effect of base pair distortions. These interactions share some features with pseudohydrogen bonds described previously in other nucleic acids structures with fluorine modified sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cabrero
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Pintado
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,BIOESTRAN associated unit UB-CSIC, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) CIBER-BBN, Jordi, Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) CIBER-BBN, Jordi, Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,BIOESTRAN associated unit UB-CSIC, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Ariav Y, Ch'ng JH, Christofk HR, Ron-Harel N, Erez A. Targeting nucleotide metabolism as the nexus of viral infections, cancer, and the immune response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6165. [PMID: 34138729 PMCID: PMC8133749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Virus-infected cells and cancers share metabolic commonalities that stem from their insatiable need to replicate while evading the host immune system. These similarities include hijacking signaling mechanisms that induce metabolic rewiring in the host to up-regulate nucleotide metabolism and, in parallel, suppress the immune response. In both cancer and viral infections, the host immune cells and, specifically, lymphocytes augment nucleotide synthesis to support their own proliferation and effector functions. Consequently, established treatment modalities targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers and virally infected cells may result in restricted immune response. Encouragingly, following the introduction of immunotherapy against cancers, multiple studies improved our understanding for improving antigen presentation to the immune system. We propose here that understanding the immune consequences of targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers may be harnessed to optimize therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Ariav
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - James H Ch'ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noga Ron-Harel
- Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Thepot S, El-Makhour Y, Duval O. The evolution of nucleosidic analogues: self-assembly of prodrugs into nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2157-2179. [PMID: 36133769 PMCID: PMC9418958 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs are essential tools in our limited arsenal in the fight against cancer. However, these structures face severe drawbacks such as rapid plasma degradation or hydrophilicity, limiting their clinical application. Here, different aspects of nucleoside and nucleotide analogs have been exposed, while providing their shortcomings. Aiming to improve their fate in the body and combating their drawbacks, two different approaches have been discussed, the prodrug and nanocarrier technologies. Finally, a novel approach called "PUFAylation" based on both the prodrug and nanocarrier technologies has been introduced, promising to be the supreme method to create a novel nucleoside or nucleotide analog based formulation, with enhanced efficacy and highly reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Baroud
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
| | - Sylvain Thepot
- University Hospital of Angers, Hematology 49933 Angers France
- Université d'Angers, Inserm, CRCINA 49000 Angers France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'Grand Ouest Against Leukemia' (FHU GOAL) France
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University Nabatieh Lebanon
| | - Olivier Duval
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
- University Hospital of Angers, Hematology 49933 Angers France
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48
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Ramazani A, Karimi M, Hosseinzadeh Z, Rezayati S, Hanifehpour Y, Joo SW. Syntheses and Antitumor Properties of Furoxan Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208183751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Iran, next to heart disease. Current
therapy suffers from the major limitations of side effects and drug resistance, so the characterization
of new structures that can be power-selective and less-toxic anticancer agents is the
main challenge to medicinal chemistry research. Furoxan (1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide) is a crucial
compound with many medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. The most important aspect
of furoxan is the nitric oxide (NO) molecule. One of the most essential furoxan derivatives,
which could be utilized in medicinal goals and pharmaceutical affairs, is benzofuroxan.
Furoxan could be described as a NO-donating compound in a variety of reactions, which
could also appear as hybridised with different medicinal compounds. This review article presents
a summary of syntheses and antitumor properties of furoxan derivatives as possible
chemotherapy agents for cancer. Furoxan can inhibit tumor growth in vivo without any side
effects in normal cells. Furthermore, due to NO-releasing in high levels in vivo and a wide
range of anticancer compounds, furoxan derivatives and especially its hybridised compounds could be considered as
antitumor, cytotoxic and apoptosis compounds to be applied in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Sobhan Rezayati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Younes Hanifehpour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Mechanisms of drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at different levels. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225827. [PMID: 32677676 PMCID: PMC7396420 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the mortality of patients with PDAC has not significantly decreased over the last few decades. Novel strategies exhibiting promising effects in preclinical or phase I/II clinical trials are often situated in an embarrassing condition owing to the disappointing results in phase III trials. The efficacy of the current therapeutic regimens is consistently compromised by the mechanisms of drug resistance at different levels, distinctly more intractable than several other solid tumours. In this review, the main mechanisms of drug resistance clinicians and investigators are dealing with during the exploitation and exploration of the anti-tumour effects of drugs in PDAC treatment are summarized. Corresponding measures to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
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50
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Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of gemcitabine-tobacco mosaic virus conjugates. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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