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Zhou M, Zhang P, Zhang M, Jin X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Quan D, Jia M, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Kong XY, Jiang L. Bioinspired Light-Driven Proton Pump: Engineering Band Alignment of WS 2 with PEDOT:PSS and PDINN. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308277. [PMID: 38044301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidic systems for photo-induced ion transport have attracted great attention, as they open a new pathway to enabling light-to-ionic energy conversion. However, there is still a great challenge in achieving a satisfactory performance. It is noticed that organic solar cells (OSCs, light-harvesting device based on photovoltaic effect) commonly require hole/electron transport layer materials (TLMs), PEDOT:PSS (PE) and PDINN (PD), respectively, to promote the energy conversion. Inspired by such a strategy, an artificial proton pump by coupling a nanofluidic system with TLMs is proposed, in which the PE- and PD-functionalized tungsten disulfide (WS2) multilayers construct a heterogeneous membrane, realizing an excellent output power of ≈1.13 nW. The proton transport is fine-regulated due to the TLMs-engineered band structure of WS2. Clearly, the incorporating TLMs of OSCs into 2D nanofluidic systems offers a feasible and promising approach for band edge engineering and promoting the light-to-ionic energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Biying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Di Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Science and Technology Center for Quantum Biology, National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, P. R. China
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2
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Recio-Poo M, Morales-García Á, Illas F, Bromley ST. Tuning electronic levels in photoactive hydroxylated titania nanosystems: combining the ligand dipole effect and quantum confinement. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38618709 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the size of titania (TiO2) to the nanoscale promotes the photoactive anatase phase for use in a range of applications from industrial catalysis to environment remediation. The nanoscale dimensions of these systems affect the magnitude of the electronic energy gap by quantum confinement. Upon interaction with aqueous environments or water vapour, the surfaces of these systems will also be hydroxylated to some degree. In turn, this affects the electronic energy levels due to the cumulative electrostatic effect of the dipolar hydroxyl (-OH) ligands (i.e. the ligand dipole effect). Using accurate density functional calculations, we investigate the combined effects of quantum confinement and the hydration-induced ligand dipole effect on a set of realistic titania nanosystems over a wide range of hydroxylation. Our detailed investigation reveals that, contrary to previous models, the ligand dipole effect does not-linearly depend on the ligand coverage due to the formation of inter-ligand OH⋯OH hydrogen bonds. To account for the resulting effects, we propose a refined model, which describes the ligand dipole effect more accurately in our systems. We show that both hydroxylation (by the ligand dipole effect) and size (by quantum confinement) have significant but distinct impacts on the electronic energy levels in nanotitania. As an example, we discuss how variations in these effects can be used to tune the highest unoccupied energy level in nanotitania for enhancing the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Overall, we show that any specific energy shift can be achieved by a range of different combinations of nanosystem size and degree of hydroxylation, thus providing options for energy-level tuning while also allowing consideration of practical constraints (e.g. synthetic limitations, operating conditions) for photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Recio-Poo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kang Y, Yang K, Fu J, Wang Z, Li X, Lu Z, Zhang J, Li H, Zhang J, Ma W. Selective Interfacial Excited-State Carrier Dynamics and Efficient Charge Separation in Borophene-Based Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307591. [PMID: 37757801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Borophene-based van der Waals heterostructures have demonstrated enormous potential in the realm of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, which has sparked a wide range of interest. However, a thorough understanding of the microscopic excited-state electronic dynamics at interfaces is lacking, which is essential for determining the macroscopic optoelectronic and photovoltaic performance of borophene-based devices. In this study, photoexcited carrier dynamics of β12 , χ3 , and α΄ borophene/MoS2 heterostructures are systematically studied based on time-domain nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Different Schottky contacts are found in borophene/semiconductor heterostructures. The interplay between Schottky barriers, electronic coupling, and the involvement of different phonon modes collectively contribute to the unique carrier dynamics in borophene-based heterostructures. The diverse borophene allotropes within the heterostructures exhibit distinct and selective carrier transfer behaviors on an ultrafast timescale: electrons tunnel into α΄ borophene with an ultrafast transfer rate (≈29 fs) in α΄/MoS2 heterostructures, whereas β12 borophene only allows holes to migrate with a lifetime of 176 fs. The feature enables efficient charge separation and offers promising avenues for applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. This study provides insight into the interfacial carrier dynamics in borophene-based heterostructures, which is helpful in further design of advanced 2D boron-based optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Kang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zongguo Wang
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haibo Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wei Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
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Matyszczak G, Jóźwik P, Zybert M, Yedzikhanau A, Krawczyk K. Dye-Modified, Sonochemically Obtained Nano-SnS 2 as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Metanil Yellow Removal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5774. [PMID: 37687465 PMCID: PMC10488508 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of modification of SnS2 powder through sonochemical synthesis with the addition of an organic ligand. For that purpose, two organic dyes are used, Phenol Red and Anthraquinone Violet. All obtained powders are characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and UV-Vis investigations. Synthesized samples showed composition and structural properties typical for sonochemically synthesized SnS2. However, investigation with the Tauc method revealed that SnS2 powder modified with Phenol Red exhibits a significant shift in value of optical bandgap to 2.56 eV, while unmodified SnS2 shows an optical bandgap value of 2.42 eV. The modification of SnS2 powder with Anthraquinone Violet was unsuccessful. The obtained nanopowders were utilized as photocatalysts in the process of Metanil Yellow degradation, revealing that SnS2 modified with Phenol Red shows about 23% better performance than the unmodified one. The mean sonochemical efficiency of the performed synthesis is also estimated as 9.35 µg/W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Matyszczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Jóźwik
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Gen. Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zybert
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Yedzikhanau
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Street 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Semalti P, Sharma V, Devi M, Prathap P, Upadhyay NK, Sharma SN. Surface engineering of colloidal quaternary chalcogenide Cu 2ZnSnS 4 nanocrystals: a potential low-cost photocatalyst for water remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79774-79788. [PMID: 36997778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal route synthesis of quaternary compound CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) has been anticipated with an inimitable combination of coordinating ligands and solvents using the hot injection technique. CZTS is recognized as one of the worthiest materials for photo-voltaic/catalytic applications due to its exclusive properties (viz., non-toxic, economical, direct bandgap, high absorbance coefficient, etc.). This paper demonstrates the formation of crystalline, single-phased, monodispersed, and electrically passivated CZTS nanoparticles using a distinctive combination of ligands viz. oleic acid (OA)-trioctylphosphine (TOP) and butylamine (BA)-trioctylphosphine (TOP). Detailed optical, structural, and electrochemical studies were done for all CZTS nanoparticles, and the most efficient composition was found using ligands butylamine and TOP. CZTS nanocrystals were rendered hydrophilic via surface-ligand engineering, which was used for photocatalysis studies of organic pollutants. Malachite green (MG) and rhodamine 6G (Rh) for water remediation have great commercial prospects. The unique selling proposition of this work is the rapid synthesis time (~ 45 min) of colloidal CZTS nanocrystals, cost-effective ligand-exchange process, and negligible material wastage (~ 200 µl per 10 ml of pollutant) during photocatalytic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Semalti
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vikash Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Devi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pathi Prathap
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Shailesh Narain Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Fenoll D, Sodupe M, Solans-Monfort X. Influence of Capping Ligands, Solvent, and Thermal Effects on CdSe Quantum Dot Optical Properties by DFT Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11467-11478. [PMID: 37008094 PMCID: PMC10061629 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium selenide nanomaterials are very important materials in photonics, catalysis, and biomedical applications due to their optical properties that can be tuned through size, shape, and surface passivation. In this report, static and ab initio molecular dynamics density functional theory (DFT) simulations are used to characterize the effect of ligand adsorption on the electronic properties of the (110) surface of zinc blende and wurtzite CdSe and a (CdSe)33 nanoparticle. Adsorption energies depend on ligand surface coverage and result from a balance between chemical affinity and ligand-surface and ligand-ligand dispersive interactions. In addition, while little structural reorganization occurs upon slab formation, Cd···Cd distances become shorter and the Se-Cd-Se angles become smaller in the bare nanoparticle model. This originates mid-gap states that strongly influence the absorption optical spectra of nonpassivated (CdSe)33. Ligand passivation on both zinc blende and wurtzite surfaces does not induce a surface reorganization, and thus, the band gap remains nonaffected with respect to bare surfaces. In contrast, structural reconstruction is more apparent for the nanoparticle, which significantly increases its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap upon passivation. Solvent effects decrease the band gap difference between the passivated and nonpassivated nanoparticles, the maximum of the absorption spectra being blue-shifted around 20 nm by the effect of the ligands. Overall, calculations show that flexible surface cadmium sites are responsible for the appearance of mid-gap states that are partially localized on the most reconstructed regions of the nanoparticle that can be controlled through appropriate ligand adsorption.
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Li Z, Song J, Li A, Shen H, Du Z. Improving the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes by tailoring QD emitters. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3585-3593. [PMID: 36727444 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the emitters of quantum dots (QDs) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), QDs, which are responsible for the charge injection, charge transportation, and especially exciton recombination, play a significant role in QLEDs. With the crucial advances made in QDs, such as the advancement of synthetic methods and the understanding of luminescence mechanisms, QLEDs also demonstrate a dramatic improvement. Until now, efficiencies of 30.9%, 28.7% and 21.9% have been achieved in red, green and blue devices, respectively. However, in QLEDs, some issues are still to be solved, such as the imbalance of charge injection and exciton quenching processes (defect-assisted recombination, Auger recombination, energy transfer and exciton dissociation under a high electric field). In this review, we will provide an overview of recent advances in the study and understanding of the working mechanism of QLEDs and the exciton quenching mechanism of QDs in devices. Particular emphasis is placed on improving charge injection and suppressing exciton quenching. An in-depth understanding of this progress may help develop guidelines to direct QLED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Li
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Anming Li
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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8
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Jin X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liu B, Quan D, Jia M, Zhang Z, Guo W, Kong XY, Jiang L. Light-driven proton transmembrane transport enabled by bio-semiconductor 2D membrane: A general peptide-induced WS 2 band shifting strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114741. [PMID: 36209531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven proton directional transport is important in living beings as it could subtly realize the light energy conversion for living uses. In the past years, 2D materials-based nanochannels have shown great potential in active ion transport due to controllable properties, including surface charge distribution, wettability, functionalization, electric structure, and external stimuli responsibility, etc. However, to fuse the inorganic materials into bio-membranes still faces several challenges. Here, we proposed peptide-modified WS2 nanosheets via cysteine linkers to realize tunable band structure and, hence, enable light-driven proton transmembrane transport. The modification was achieved through the thiol chemistry of the -SH groups in the cysteine linker and the S vacancy on the WS2 nanosheets. By tuning the amino residues sequences (lysine-rich peptides, denoted as KFC; and aspartate-rich peptides, denoted as DFC), the ζ-potential, surface charge, and band energy of WS2 nanosheets could be rationally regulated. Janus membranes formed by assembling the peptide-modified WS2 nanosheets could realize the proton transmembrane transport under visible light irradiation, driven by a built-in potential due to a type II band alignment between the KFC-WS2 and DFC-WS2. As a result, the proton would be driven across the formed nanochannels. These results demonstrate a general strategy to build bio-semiconductor materials and provide a new way for embedding inorganic materials into biological systems toward the development of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Min Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meijuan Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Bahmani Jalali H, De Trizio L, Manna L, Di Stasio F. Indium arsenide quantum dots: an alternative to lead-based infrared emitting nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9861-9881. [PMID: 36408788 PMCID: PMC9743785 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the infrared (IR) are promising building blocks for numerous photonic, optoelectronic and biomedical applications owing to their low-cost solution-processability and tunable emission. Among them, lead- and mercury-based QDs are currently the most developed materials. Yet, due to toxicity issues, the scientific community is focusing on safer alternatives. In this regard, indium arsenide (InAs) QDs are one of the best candidates as they can absorb and emit light in the whole near infrared spectral range and they are RoHS-compliant, with recent trends suggesting that there is a renewed interest in this class of materials. This review focuses on colloidal InAs QDs and aims to provide an up-to-date overview spanning from their synthesis and surface chemistry to post-synthesis modifications. We provide a comprehensive overview from initial synthetic methods to the most recent developments on the ability to control the size, size distribution, electronic properties and carrier dynamics. Then, we describe doping and alloying strategies applied to InAs QDs as well as InAs based heterostructures. Furthermore, we present the state-of-the-art applications of InAs QDs, with a particular focus on bioimaging and field effect transistors. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Bahmani Jalali
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Stasio
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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10
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Xiao Y, Vanka S, Pham TA, Dong WJ, Sun Y, Liu X, Navid IA, Varley JB, Hajibabaei H, Hamann TW, Ogitsu T, Mi Z. Crystallographic Effects of GaN Nanostructures in Photoelectrochemical Reaction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2236-2243. [PMID: 35258977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the surface structure of the photoelectrode provides one of the most effective ways to address the critical challenges in artificial photosynthesis, such as efficiency, stability, and product selectivity, for which gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires have shown great promise. In the GaN wurtzite crystal structure, polar, semipolar, and nonpolar planes coexist and exhibit very different structural, electronic, and chemical properties. Here, through a comprehensive study of the photoelectrochemical performance of GaN photocathodes in the form of films and nanowires with controlled surface polarities we show that significant photoelectrochemical activity can be observed when the nonpolar surfaces are exposed in the electrolyte, whereas little or no activity is measured from the GaN polar c-plane surfaces. The atomic origin of this fundamental difference is further revealed through density functional theory calculations. This study provides guideline on crystal facet engineering of metal-nitride photo(electro)catalysts for a broad range of artificial photosynthesis chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xianhe Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joel B Varley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Hamed Hajibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Thomas W Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Peterson EA, Debela TT, Gomoro GM, Neaton JB, Asres GA. Electronic structure of strain-tunable Janus WSSe–ZnO heterostructures from first-principles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31303-31316. [PMID: 36348994 PMCID: PMC9623559 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of semiconducting 2D materials such as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known to be tunable via environment and external fields, and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures consisting of stacks of distinct types of 2D materials offer the possibility to further tune and optimize the electronic properties of 2D materials. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to calculate the structure and electronic properties of a vdW heterostructure of Janus monolayer WSSe with monolayer ZnO, both of which possess out of plane dipole moments. The effects of alignment, biaxial and uniaxial strain, orientation, and electric field on dipole moments and band edge energies of this heterostructure are calculated and examined. We find that the out of plane dipole moment of the ZnO monolayer is highly sensitive to strain, leading to the broad tunability of the heterostructure band edge energies over a range of experimentally-relevant strains. The use of strain-tunable 2D materials to control band offsets and alignment is a general strategy applicable to other vdW heterostructures, one that may be advantageous in the context of clean energy applications, including photocatalytic applications, and beyond. Using strain engineering to optimize novel heterostructure materials to produce hydrogen from water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Peterson
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T. T. Debela
- Institute for Application of Advanced Materials, Jeonju University, Conju, Chonbuk 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - G. M. Gomoro
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - J. B. Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G. A. Asres
- Center for Materials Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, School of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Addis Ababa, 1000, Ethiopia
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12
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Sarngan PP, Lakshmanan A, Sarkar D. Influence of Anatase-Rutile Ratio on Band Edge Position and Defect States of TiO 2 Homojunction Catalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131692. [PMID: 34340114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of toxic air and water dissociation in the environment has become a major challenging issue throughout the world. Mixed phase rutile-anatase titanium dioxide catalysts are very effective in photocatalysis and have been studied extensively. However, the mechanism causing this effect and band alignment of the two phases are not fully understood. Pointing to the issue, we have designed one-dimensional mixed-phase TiO2 and introduced defects near the valence band. Experimental results showed that band alignment between two phases, up-shift of the band edge, and optimum anatase percentage play a key role in the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity. We predicted shifts in band edge originating from surface electric dipole layer induced by defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja P Sarngan
- Applied NanoPhysics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Agasthiyaraj Lakshmanan
- Applied NanoPhysics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Debabrata Sarkar
- Applied NanoPhysics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
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13
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du Fossé I, Lal S, Hossaini AN, Infante I, Houtepen AJ. Effect of Ligands and Solvents on the Stability of Electron Charged CdSe Colloidal Quantum Dots. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:23968-23975. [PMID: 34765075 PMCID: PMC8573769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many colloidal quantum dot (QD)-based devices involve charging of the QD, either via intentional electronic doping or via electrical charge injection or photoexcitation. Previous research has shown that this charging can give rise to undesirable electrochemical surface reactions, leading to the formation of localized in-gap states. However, little is known about the factors that influence the stability of charged QDs against surface oxidation or reduction. Here, we use density functional theory to investigate the effect of various ligands and solvents on the reduction of surface Cd in negatively charged CdSe QDs. We find that X-type ligands can lead to significant shifts in the energy of the band edges but that the in-gap state related to reduced surface Cd is shifted in the same direction. As a result, shifting the band edges to higher energies does not necessarily lead to less stable electron charging. However, subtle changes in the local electrostatic environment lead to a clear correlation between the position of the in-gap state in the bandgap and the energy gained upon surface reduction. Binding ligands directly to the Cd sites most prone to reduction was found to greatly enhance the stability of the electron charged QDs. We find that ligands bind much more weakly after reduction of the Cd site, leading to a loss in binding energy that makes charge localization no longer energetically favorable. Lastly, we show that increasing the polarity of the solvent also increases the stability of QDs charged with electrons. These results highlight the complexity of surface reduction reactions in QDs and provide valuable strategies for improving the stability of charged QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy du Fossé
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Snigdha Lal
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aydin Najl Hossaini
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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14
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Shakiba M, Irannejad A, Sharafi S. The role of alkane chain in primary amine capped CdSe and CdS quantum dots from first-principles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475706. [PMID: 33691301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abed76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we performab initiocalculations, using density functional theory, to provide more insights about the role of alkane chain in primary amine capped (CdSe)33and (CdS)33quantum dots (QDs). We passivate the QDs surfaces with seven primary amines of different carbon chain lengths starting from NH3to hexylamine. The primary amine ligands induce a blue shift in the band gap of the ligated QDs, in agreement with experimental studies, but the alkane chain itself show negligible changes in the band gap. By increasing the chain length the binding energy between ligands and the QDs increases but its rate decreases due to the increase of steric hindrance between the ligands. The role of van der Waals forces in such behavior is found to be notable which is done by performing geometry optimization through adding and neglecting the dispersion correction effects for each system. The results of this study can provide helpful information for ligand selectivity in controlling the size and properties of the QDs using primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Irannejad
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Sharafi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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15
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McGranahan CR, Wolfe GE, Falca A, Watson DF. Excited-State Charge Transfer and Extended Charge Separation within Covalently Tethered Type-II CdSe/CdTe Quantum Dot Heterostructures: Colloidal and Multilayered Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30980-30991. [PMID: 34156237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We used N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling chemistry to synthesize (1) heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in colloidal dispersions and (2) heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe QDs, as well as CdS and CdSe QDs, immobilized on metal oxide thin films. The DCC-mediated formation of amide bonds between terminal carboxylic acid and amine groups of ligands on different QDs drove the formation of heterostructures. This cross-linking mechanism selectively yields heterostructures and prohibits the undesired formation of homostructures consisting of just one type of QD. Products of adsorption, ligand-exchange, and covalent-coupling reactions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, electronic absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Ground-state absorption spectra of constituent QDs were unperturbed upon incorporation into heterostructures, enabling control over electronic properties. Heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe QDs exhibit type-II interfacial energetic offsets that promote charge separation following excitation of either QD. Indeed, photoexcited CdTe QDs transferred electrons to CdSe, and photoexcited CdSe QDs transferred holes to CdTe, on time scales of 10-100 ns, as evidenced by dynamic quenching of band-edge and trap-state emission. Mixed dispersions of noninteracting QDs did not undergo excited-state charge transfer. Constructing heterostructures on TiO2 thin films introduced an additional charge-transfer pathway, electron transfer from QDs to TiO2, which occurred on subnanosecond time scales and enabled extended spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Our results reveal that carbodiimide coupling chemistry can be used to tether colloidal QDs selectively and covalently to each other, yielding dispersed or immobilized heterostructures with programmable compositions and energetic offsets that can undergo efficient excited-state interfacial electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R McGranahan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Guy E Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alejandro Falca
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - David F Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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16
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Weiss EA. Influence of Shape Anisotropy on the Emission of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3568-3577. [PMID: 33691063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of precise and scalable synthetic methods for producing anisotropic semiconductor nanostructures provides opportunities to tune the photophysical properties of these particles beyond their band gaps, and to incorporate them into higher-order structures with macroscopic anisotropic responses to electric and optical fields. This perspective article discusses some of these opportunities in the context of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, with a focus on the influence of confinement anisotropy on processes that dictate the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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Pan J, Zhang W, Xu X, Hu J. The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for water-splitting of ReS 2 by strain and electric field engineering. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23055-23063. [PMID: 35480430 PMCID: PMC9034362 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the photocatalytic water splitting performance of 2D ReS2, we theoretically propose a feasible strategy to engineer its band structure by applying strain or an electric field. Our calculated results show that the strains greatly tune the electronic structure of ReS2 especially band gap and band edge positions, because the strains significantly alter the crystal structure and then cause rearrangement of the surface charge. However, electric fields have little influence on band gap but obviously affect the band edge positions. This is because the electric fields have little effect on the crystal structure of ReS2 but easily produce an in-plane electric dipole moment. The shifts in band edge position mainly arise from competition between the surface charge and the in-plane electric dipole. For an applied strain, the shifts are dominated by rearrangement of surface charge; for an applied electric field, the shifts are determined by an induced electric dipole moment. Importantly, functionalized ReS2 with a bi-axial strain of −4% or an electronic field of −0.1 V Å−1 may be good candidates for water-splitting photocatalysts owing to their suitable band edge positions for water splitting, ideal band gaps, good stability, reduced electron–hole recombination and high carrier mobility. We hope our findings will stimulate experimental efforts to develop new photocatalysts based on functionalized ReS2. This work proposes applying the strain and electric filed to engineer the band structure of 2D ReS2 and enhance its photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production through water-splitting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Jingguo Hu
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
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18
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Abate II, Pemmaraju CD, Kim SY, Hsu KH, Sainio S, Moritz B, Vinson J, Toney MF, Yang W, Gent WE, Devereaux TP, Nazar LF, Chueh WC. Coulombically-stabilized oxygen hole polarons enable fully reversible oxygen redox. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2021; 14:10.1039/d1ee01037a. [PMID: 37719447 PMCID: PMC10502899 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee01037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing high-valent redox couples and exotic electronic states necessitate an understanding of the stabilization mechanism. In oxides, whether they are being considered for energy storage or computing, highly oxidized oxide-anion species rehybridize to form short covalent bonds and are related to significant local structural distortions. In intercalation oxide electrodes for batteries, while such reorganization partially stabilizes oxygen redox, it also gives rise to substantial hysteresis. In this work, we investigate oxygen redox in layered Na2-XMn3O7, a positive electrode material with ordered Mn vacancies. We prove that coulombic interactions between oxidized oxideanions and the interlayer Na vacancies can disfavor rehybridization and stabilize hole polarons on oxygen (O-) at 4.2 V vs. Na/Na+. These coulombic interactions provide thermodynamic energy saving as large as O-O covalent bonding and enable ~ 40 mV voltage hysteresis over multiple electrochemical cycles with negligible voltage fade. Our results establish a complete picture of redox energetics by highlighting the role of coulombic interactions across several atomic distances and suggest avenues to stabilize highly oxidized oxygen for applications in energy storage and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwnetim I. Abate
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. Das Pemmaraju
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Se Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kuan H. Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Brian Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William E. Gent
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas P. Devereaux
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Linda F. Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William C. Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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19
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Understanding Surface Modulation to Improve the Photo/Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation/Reduction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081965. [PMID: 32340202 PMCID: PMC7221846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation and reduction reactions play vital roles in highly efficient hydrogen production conducted by an electrolyzer, in which the enhanced efficiency of the system is apparently accompanied by the development of active electrocatalysts. Solar energy, a sustainable and clean energy source, can supply the kinetic energy to increase the rates of catalytic reactions. In this regard, understanding of the underlying fundamental mechanisms of the photo/electrochemical process is critical for future development. Combining light-absorbing materials with catalysts has become essential to maximizing the efficiency of hydrogen production. To fabricate an efficient absorber-catalysts system, it is imperative to fully understand the vital role of surface/interface modulation for enhanced charge transfer/separation and catalytic activity for a specific reaction. The electronic and chemical structures at the interface are directly correlated to charge carrier movements and subsequent chemical adsorption and reaction of the reactants. Therefore, rational surface modulation can indeed enhance the catalytic efficiency by preventing charge recombination and prompting transfer, increasing the reactant concentration, and ultimately boosting the catalytic reaction. Herein, the authors review recent progress on the surface modification of nanomaterials as photo/electrochemical catalysts for water reduction and oxidation, considering two successive photogenerated charge transfer/separation and catalytic chemical reactions. It is expected that this review paper will be helpful for the future development of photo/electrocatalysts.
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20
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Chen Y, Viereck J, Harmer R, Rangan S, Bartynski RA, Galoppini E. Helical Peptides Design for Molecular Dipoles Functionalization of Wide Band Gap Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3489-3498. [PMID: 31977205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of helical hexapeptides to establish a surface dipole layer on a TiO2 substrate, with the goal of influencing the energy levels of a coadsorbed chromophore, is explored. Two helical hexapeptides, synthesized from 2-amino isobutyric acid (Aib) residues, were protected at the N-terminus with a carboxybenzyl group (Z) and at the C-terminus carried either a carboxylic acid or an isophthalic acid (Ipa) anchor group to form Z-(Aib)6-COOH or Z-(Aib)6-Ipa, respectively. Using a combination of vibrational and photoemission spectroscopies, bonding of the two peptides to TiO2 surfaces (either nanostructured or single-crystal TiO2(110)) was found to be highly dependent on the anchor group, with Ipa establishing a monolayer much more efficiently than COOH. Furthermore, a monolayer of Z-(Aib)6-Ipa on TiO2(110) was exposed for different binding times to a solution of a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) derivative terminated with an Ipa anchor group (ZnTPP-P-Ipa). Photoemission spectroscopy revealed that ZnTPP-P-Ipa partly displaced Z-(Aib)6-Ipa, forming a coadsorbed monolayer on the oxide surface. The presence of the peptide molecular dipole shifted the HOMO levels of the ZnTPP group to lower energy by ∼300 meV, in accordance with a simple parallel plate capacitor model. These results suggest that a mixed-layer approach, involving coadsorption of a strong molecular dipole compound with a chromophore, is a versatile method to shift the energy levels of such chromophores with respect to the band edges of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Chemistry Department , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Jonathan Viereck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification , Rutgers University , 136 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Ryan Harmer
- Chemistry Department , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Sylvie Rangan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification , Rutgers University , 136 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Robert A Bartynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification , Rutgers University , 136 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Chemistry Department , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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21
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Chakraborty R, Bhunia H, Chatterjee S, Pal AJ. Surface-modification of Cu2O nanoparticles towards band-optimized hole-injection layers in CsPbBr3 perovskite light-emitting diodes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Balan AD, Olshansky JH, Horowitz Y, Han HL, O'Brien EA, Tang L, Somorjai GA, Alivisatos AP. Unsaturated Ligands Seed an Order to Disorder Transition in Mixed Ligand Shells of CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13784-13796. [PMID: 31751115 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A phase transition within the ligand shell of core/shell quantum dots is studied in the prototypical system of colloidal CdSe/CdS quantum dots with a ligand shell composed of bound oleate (OA) and octadecylphosphonate (ODPA). The ligand shell composition is tuned using a ligand exchange procedure and quantified through proton NMR spectroscopy. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a signature of a phase transition within the organic ligand shell. Surprisingly, the ligand order to disorder phase transition triggers an abrupt increase in the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) with increasing temperature. The temperature and width of the phase transition show a clear dependence on ligand shell composition, such that QDs with higher ODPA fractions have sharper phase transitions that occur at higher temperatures. In order to gain a molecular understanding of the changes in ligand ordering, Fourier transform infrared and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopies are performed. These measurements confirm that an order/disorder transition in the ligand shell tracks with the photoluminescence changes that accompany the ligand phase transition. The phase transition is simulated through a lattice model that suggests that the ligand shell is well-mixed and does not have completely segregated domains of OA and ODPA. Furthermore, we show that the unsaturated chains of OA seed disorder within the ligand shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima D Balan
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jacob H Olshansky
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yonatan Horowitz
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Hui-Ling Han
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Erin A O'Brien
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Gabor A Somorjai
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Material Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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23
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Nguyen HT, Ryu SY, Duong AT, Lee S. Impact of 1,2-ethanedithiol treatment on luminescence and charge-transport characteristics in colloidal quantum-dot LEDs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:505202. [PMID: 31501359 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab42dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a substantial increase in luminance and luminous efficiency of green-light emitting devices (LEDs) that use colloidal CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as a light-emitting material in response to treatment with 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT). The maximum luminance increased from 1146 to 8075 cd m-2, and luminous yield from 0.15 to 1.41 cd A-1 as a result of treating an incomplete device with drops of EDT right after spin-coating QDs onto a ZnO-nanoparticle layer. Based on systematic studies on substrate-dependent change in photoluminescence, and current-voltage and luminance-voltage characteristics, we propose that passivation of intra-gap defect states and relative shifts of energy levels relevant to the operation of QD LEDs are two main results of EDT treatment. In particular, we argue that energy-level shift without emission-color change can be attributed to surface-dipole effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
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24
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Zhou Q, Cho Y, Yang S, Weiss EA, Berkelbach TC, Darancet P. Large Band Edge Tunability in Colloidal Nanoplatelets. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7124-7129. [PMID: 31545615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of organic surface ligands on the electronic structure and electronic band edge energies of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) colloidal cadmium selenide nanoplatelets (NPLs) using density functional theory. We show how control of the ligand and ligand-NPL interface dipoles results in large band edge energy shifts, over a range of 5 eV for common organic ligands with a minor effect on the NPL band gaps. Using a model self-energy to account for the dielectric contrast and an effective mass model of the excitons, we show that the band edge tunability of NPLs together with the strong dependence of the optical band gap on NPL thickness can lead to favorable photochemical and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfei Zhou
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Shenyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- Center for Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics , Flatiron Institute , New York , New York 10010 , United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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25
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Fu FY, Shown I, Li CS, Raghunath P, Lin TY, Billo T, Wu HL, Wu CI, Chung PW, Lin MC, Chen LC, Chen KH. KSCN-induced Interfacial Dipole in Black TiO 2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25186-25194. [PMID: 31268648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic band structure of black titania to improve photocatalytic performance through conventional band engineering methods has been challenging because of the defect-induced charge carrier and trapping sites. In this study, KSCN-modified hydrogenated nickel nanocluster-modified black TiO2 (SCN-H-Ni-TiO2) exhibits enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to the interfacial dipole effect. Upon combining the experimental and theoretical simulation approach, the presence of an electrostatic interfacial dipole associated with chemisorption of SCN has dramatic effects on the photocatalyst band structure in SCN-H-Ni-TiO2. An interfacial dipole possesses a more negative zeta potential shift of the isoelectric point from 5.20 to 3.20, which will accelerate the charge carrier separation and electron transfer process. Thiocyanate ion passivation on black TiO2 demonstrated an increased work function around 0.60 eV, which was induced by the interracial dipole effect. Overall, the SCN-H-Ni-TiO2 photocatalyst showed an enhanced CO2 reduction to solar fuel yield by 2.80 times higher than H-Ni-TiO2 and retained around 88% product formation yield after 40 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Putikam Raghunath
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | | | - Tadesse Billo
- Department of Engineering and System Science , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
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26
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Optimal methodology for explicit solvation prediction of band edges of transition metal oxide photocatalysts. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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27
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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28
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Cao X, Zhang X, Sinha R, Tao S, Bieberle-Hütter A. The importance of charge redistribution during electrochemical reactions: a density functional theory study of silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9531-9537. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The charge redistribution during oxygen evolution reaction relates to the electrochemical activity as shown for Ag3PO4 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Center for Computational Energy Research
- Department of Applied Physics
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research
| | - Rochan Sinha
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Center for Computational Energy Research
- Department of Applied Physics
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Anja Bieberle-Hütter
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research
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29
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Energy level tuned indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films for efficient photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4267. [PMID: 30323251 PMCID: PMC6189201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films for photovoltaic devices, fabricated by two-step surface modification. Native ligands and unwanted oxides on the surface are peeled off followed by passivating with incoming atomic or short ligands. The near-infrared-absorbing n-type indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films can be tuned in energy-level positions up to 0.4 eV depending on the surface chemistry, and consequently, they boost collection efficiency when used in various emerging solar cells. As an example, we demonstrate p-n junction between n-type indium arsenide and p-type lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot layers, which leads to a favorable electronic band alignment and charge extraction from both colloidal quantum dot layers. A certified power conversion efficiency of 7.92% is achieved without additionally supporting carrier transport layers. This study provides richer materials to explore for high-efficiency emerging photovoltaics and will broaden research interest for various optoelectronic applications using the n-type covalent nanocrystal arrays.
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30
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Lee MG, Jin K, Kwon KC, Sohn W, Park H, Choi KS, Go YK, Seo H, Hong JS, Nam KT, Jang HW. Efficient Water Splitting Cascade Photoanodes with Ligand-Engineered MnO Cocatalysts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800727. [PMID: 30356939 PMCID: PMC6193156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The band edge positions of semiconductors determine functionality in solar water splitting. While ligand exchange is known to enable modification of the band structure, its crucial role in water splitting efficiency is not yet fully understood. Here, ligand-engineered manganese oxide cocatalyst nanoparticles (MnO NPs) on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) anodes are first demonstrated, and a remarkably enhanced photocurrent density of 6.25 mA cm-2 is achieved. It is close to 85% of the theoretical photocurrent density (≈7.5 mA cm-2) of BiVO4. Improved photoactivity is closely related to the substantial shifts in band edge energies that originate from both the induced dipole at the ligand/MnO interface and the intrinsic dipole of the ligand. Combined spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical study reveal the clear relationship between the surface modification and the band edge positions for water oxidation. The proposed concept has considerable potential to explore new, efficient solar water splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Woonbae Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonkee Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Choi
- Advanced Nano Surface Research GroupKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Go
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmin Seo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sug Hong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringResearch Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
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31
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Le TA, Huynh TP. The Combination of Hydrogen and Methanol Production through Artificial Photosynthesis-Are We Ready Yet? CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2654-2672. [PMID: 29944207 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because 100 % quantum efficiency for the photosynthetic production of H2 from H2 O under visible illumination has been achieved recently, the oxidation of H2 O to O2 remains the bottleneck to the overall water-splitting reaction. Oxidation of CH4 to CH3 OH might be combined with water reduction instead, so that H2 and CH3 OH chemical fuels can be simultaneously produced through a one-step process under solar illumination. This combination would be a promising approach towards a more sustainable future of chemistry, in which developing different strategies for artificial photosynthesis is of paramount importance. By using free and adsorbed HO. radicals on the semiconductor surface, CH4 can be activated to H3 C. radicals and converted into CH3 OH, respectively, with great selectivity up to 100 %. The present lack of efficient photosynthetic systems for the formation of H2 and CH3 OH from abundant H2 O and CH4 motivates future research for basic science and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung-Anh Le
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Tan-Phat Huynh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland
- Center of Functional Materials, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
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32
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Gao C, Wang J, Xu H, Xiong Y. Coordination chemistry in the design of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:2799-2823. [PMID: 28368055 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts have been widely used for photocatalysis, which is a highly important process for energy conversion, owing to their merits such as easy separation of catalysts from the reaction products and applicability to continuous chemical industry and recyclability. Yet, homogenous photocatalysis receives tremendous attention as it can offer a higher activity and selectivity with atomically dispersed catalytic sites and tunable light absorption. For this reason, there is a major trend to combine the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts, in which coordination chemistry plays a role as the bridge. In this article, we aim to provide the first systematic review to give a clear picture of the recent progress from taking advantage of coordination chemistry. We specifically summarize the role of coordination chemistry as a versatile tool to engineer catalytically active sites, tune light harvesting and maneuver charge kinetics in heterogeneous photocatalysis. We then elaborate on the common fundamentals behind various materials systems, together with key spectroscopic characterization techniques and remaining challenges in this field. The typical applications of coordination chemistry in heterogeneous photocatalysis, including proton reduction, water oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction and organic reactions, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Rabia M, Mohamed HSH, Shaban M, Taha S. Preparation of polyaniline/PbS core-shell nano/microcomposite and its application for photocatalytic H 2 electrogeneration from H 2O. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1107. [PMID: 29348558 PMCID: PMC5773669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) and polyaniline (PANI) nano/microparticles were prepared. Then, PANI/PbS core-shell nano/microcomposites (I, II, and III) were prepared by oxidative polymerization of different aniline concentrations (0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 M), respectively, in the presence of 0.05 M PbS. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, and UV-Vis analyses were carried out to characterize the samples. From the FT-IR data, there are redshifts in PbS and PANI nano/microparticles bands in comparison with PANI/PbS nano/microcomposites. The average crystallite sizes of PANI/PbS core-shell nano/microcomposites (I, II, and III) from XRD analyses were 46.5, 55, and 42.16 nm, respectively. From the optical analyses, nano/microcomposite (II) has the optimum optical properties with two band gaps values of 1.41 and 2.79 eV. Then, the nano/microcomposite (II) membrane electrode supported on ITO glass was prepared and applied on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 generation from H2O. The characteristics current-voltage and current-time behaviors were measured at different wavelengths from 390 to 636 nm. Also, the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) under monochromatic illumination condition was calculated. The optimum values for IPCE were 36.5 and 35.2% at 390 and 405 nm, respectively. Finally, a simple mechanism for PEC H2 generation from H2O using the nano/microcomposite (II) membrane electrode was mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.,Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - H S H Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, EL-Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - S Taha
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, EL-Fayoum, Egypt
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34
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Boosting electron extraction of inverted polymer solar cells using solution-processed nanocrystals as cathode interlayer. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Kroupa DM, Vörös M, Brawand NP, McNichols BW, Miller EM, Gu J, Nozik AJ, Sellinger A, Galli G, Beard MC. Tuning colloidal quantum dot band edge positions through solution-phase surface chemistry modification. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15257. [PMID: 28508866 PMCID: PMC5440806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Band edge positions of semiconductors determine their functionality in many optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical cells and light emitting diodes. Here we show that band edge positions of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, specifically quantum dots (QDs), can be tuned over 2.0 eV through surface chemistry modification. We achieved this remarkable control through the development of simple, robust and scalable solution-phase ligand exchange methods, which completely replace native ligands with functionalized cinnamate ligands, allowing for well-defined, highly tunable chemical systems. By combining experiments and ab initio simulations, we establish clear relationships between QD surface chemistry and the band edge positions of ligand/QD hybrid systems. We find that in addition to ligand dipole, inter-QD ligand shell inter-digitization contributes to the band edge shifts. We expect that our established relationships and principles can help guide future optimization of functional organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructures for diverse optoelectronic applications. The band edge positions of semiconductors decide their optoelectronic properties. Here, the authors establish a simple ligand exchange strategy to tune the band edge positions of colloidal PbS semiconductor quantum dots, revealing clear relationships between surface chemistry and band edge position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kroupa
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Márton Vörös
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas P Brawand
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Brett W McNichols
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jing Gu
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Arthur J Nozik
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry &Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Zhou Q, Li Q, Yuan S, Chen Q, Wang J. Band-edge engineering via molecule intercalation: a new strategy to improve stability of few-layer black phosphorus. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29232-29236. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through embedding small molecules into few-layer black phosphorous, the production of photo-generated superoxide on its surface can be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- School of Physics, Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Physics, Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA)
- Hunan Normal University
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37
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Robin A, Livache C, Ithurria S, Lacaze E, Dubertret B, Lhuillier E. Surface Control of Doping in Self-Doped Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27122-27128. [PMID: 27640878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doped nanocrystals raise great interest for infrared (IR) optoelectronics because their optical properties span from near to far IR. However, their integration for photodetection requires a fine understanding of the origin of their doping and also a way to control the magnitude of the doping. In this paper, we demonstrate that a fine control of the doping level between 0.1 and 2 electrons per dot is obtained through ligand exchange. The latter affects not only the interparticle coupling but also their optical properties because of the band-shift resulting from the presence of surface dipoles. We demonstrate that self-doping is a bulk process and that surface dipoles can control its magnitude. We additionally propose a model to quantify the dipole involved with each ligand. We eventually use the ligand design rule previously evidenced to build a near-infrared photodetector on a soft and transparent substrate. The latter significantly improves the performance compared to previously reported colloidal quantum dot-based photodetectors on plastic substrates operated in the telecom wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Robin
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Nexdot, Biocitech , 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Clément Livache
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Zhao J, Nail BA, Holmes MA, Osterloh FE. Use of Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy to Measure Built-in Voltage, Space Charge Layer Width, and Effective Band Gap in CdSe Quantum Dot Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3335-3340. [PMID: 27505130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) was used to study the photochemistry of mercaptoethanol-ligated CdSe quantum dot (2.0-4.2 nm diameter) films on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) in the absence of an external bias or electrolyte. The n-type films generate negative voltages under super band gap illumination (0.1-0.5 mW cm(-2)) by majority carrier injection into the ITO substrate. The photovoltage onset energies track the optical band gaps of the samples and are assigned as effective band gaps of the films. The photovoltage values (-125 to -750 mV) vary with quantum dot sizes and are modulated by the built-in potential of the CdSe-ITO Schottky type contacts. Deviations from the ideal Schottky model are attributed to Fermi level pinning in states approximately 1.1 V negative of the ITO conduction band edge. Positive photovoltage signals of +80 to +125 mV in films of >4.0 nm nanocrystals and in thin (70 nm) nanocrystal films are attributed to electron-hole (polaron) pairs that are polarized by a space charge layer at the CdSe-ITO boundary. The space charge layer is 70-150 nm wide, based on thickness-dependent photovoltage measurements. The ability of SPS to directly measure built-in voltages, space charge layer thickness, sub-band gap states, and effective band gaps in drop-cast quantum dot films aids the understanding of photochemical charge transport in quantum dot solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benjamin A Nail
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael A Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Frank E Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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39
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Kim D, Fu Y, Kim J, Lee KH, Kim H, Yang H, Chae H. Improved electroluminescence of quantum dot light-emitting diodes enabled by a partial ligand exchange with benzenethiol. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:245203. [PMID: 27159925 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/24/245203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, benzenethiol ligands were applied to the surface of CdSe@ZnS core@shell quantum dots (QDs) and their effect on the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) was investigated. Conventional long-chained oleic acid (OA) and trioctylphosphine (TOP) capping ligands were partially replaced by short-chained benzenethiol ligands in order to increase the stability of QDs during purification and also improve the electroluminescence performance of QD-LEDs. The quantum yield of the QD solution was increased from 41% to 84% by the benzenethiol ligand exchange. The mobility of the QD films with benzenethiol ligands approximately doubled to 2.42 × 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) from 1.19 × 10(-5) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) compared to the device consisting of OA/TOP-capped QDs, and an approximately 1.8-fold improvement was achieved over QD-LEDs fabricated with bezenethiol ligand-exchanged QDs with respect to the maximum luminance and current efficiency. The turn-on voltage decreased by about -0.6 V through shifting the energy level of the QDs with benzenethiol ligands compared to conventional OA and TOP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyoung Kim
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Ki-Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | - Hyoungsub Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | - Heeyeop Chae
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
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40
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Lin Z, Ning S, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Huang S, Long J, Lin H, Wang X. Large-scale preparation of heterometallic chalcogenide MnSb2S4 monolayer nanosheets with a high visible-light photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13381-13384. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayered 2D MnSb2S4 nanosheets with a sandwich substructure of [SbS]+–[MnS2]2−–[SbS]+ improve charge separation and photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheguan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Shangbo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Zizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | | | - Jinlin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Huaxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- P. R. China
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41
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Palmstrom AF, Santra PK, Bent SF. Atomic layer deposition in nanostructured photovoltaics: tuning optical, electronic and surface properties. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12266-12283. [PMID: 26147328 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials offer key advantages for third-generation photovoltaics, such as the ability to achieve high optical absorption together with enhanced charge carrier collection using low cost components. However, the extensive interfacial areas in nanostructured photovoltaic devices can cause high recombination rates and a high density of surface electronic states. In this feature article, we provide a brief review of some nanostructured photovoltaic technologies including dye-sensitized, quantum dot sensitized and colloidal quantum dot solar cells. We then introduce the technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD), which is a vapor phase deposition method using a sequence of self-limiting surface reaction steps to grow thin, uniform and conformal films. We discuss how ALD has established itself as a promising tool for addressing different aspects of nanostructured photovoltaics. Examples include the use of ALD to synthesize absorber materials for both quantum dot and plasmonic solar cells, to grow barrier layers for dye and quantum dot sensitized solar cells, and to infiltrate coatings into colloidal quantum dot solar cell to improve charge carrier mobilities as well as stability. We also provide an example of monolayer surface modification in which adsorbed ligand molecules on quantum dots are used to tune the band structure of colloidal quantum dot solar cells for improved charge collection. Finally, we comment on the present challenges and future outlook of the use of ALD for nanostructured photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel F Palmstrom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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42
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Vörös M, Galli G, Zimanyi GT. Colloidal Nanoparticles for Intermediate Band Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6882-6890. [PMID: 26042468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Intermediate Band (IB) solar cell concept is a promising idea to transcend the Shockley-Queisser limit. Using the results of first-principles calculations, we propose that colloidal nanoparticles (CNPs) are a viable and efficient platform for the implementation of the IB solar cell concept. We focused on CdSe CNPs and we showed that intragap states present in the isolated CNPs with reconstructed surfaces combine to form an IB in arrays of CNPs, which is well separated from the valence and conduction band edges. We demonstrated that optical transitions to and from the IB are active. We also showed that the IB can be electron doped in a solution, e.g., by decamethylcobaltocene, thus activating an IB-induced absorption process. Our results, together with the recent report of a nearly 10% efficient CNP solar cell, indicate that colloidal nanoparticle intermediate band solar cells are a promising platform to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Vörös
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- ‡Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- ‡Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- #Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gergely T Zimanyi
- †Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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43
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Abstract
The up-shifts of both conduction and valence band edges of the reduced TiO2 result from the electric dipoles created by the reductant defect such as the bridging oxygen vacancy, bridging hydroxyl group or Ti interstitial atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Minnan Yang
- Department of Physics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Physics
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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44
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Zhang D, Yang M, Dong S. Electric-dipole effect of defects on the energy band alignment of rutile and anatase TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29079-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
DFT+U calculations determined that the perfect rutile(110) and anatase(101) surfaces have the straddling type band alignment, whereas surfaces with defects have the staggered type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Zhang
- Department of Physics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Minnan Yang
- Department of Physics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Physics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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45
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Guijarro N, Prévot MS, Sivula K. Surface modification of semiconductor photoelectrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15655-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An overview of surface engineering approaches to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of commmon semiconductor photoelectrodes for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Guijarro
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Mathieu S. Prévot
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
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46
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Pan J, Wang Z, Chen Q, Hu J, Wang J. Band structure engineering of monolayer MoS₂ by surface ligand functionalization for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production activity. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13565-13571. [PMID: 25268589 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of MoS2 for hydrogen production through water splitting, the band edges of MoS2 should match with the hydrogen and oxygen production levels. Our first-principles calculations show that the band edges of monolayer MoS2 can be effectively tuned by surface ligand functionalization, resulting from the intrinsic dipole of the ligand itself and the induced dipole at the ligand/MoS2 interface. We further explore the influence of ligand coverage, ligand functionalization and the substrate on the band structure of MoS2. The hybrid C6H5CH2NH2/MoS2/graphene structures may be compelling candidates as they satisfy the stringent requirements of PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Physics & Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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47
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Ma B, Liu X, Liu L, Meng Y, Li B, Zhao X, Pu P, Wang X. Special Tm3+transition and white upconversion luminescence in the Yb3+/Tm3+co-doped KMnF3. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Rivest JB, Li G, Sharp ID, Neaton JB, Milliron DJ. Phosphonic Acid Adsorbates Tune the Surface Potential of TiO2 in Gas and Liquid Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2450-2454. [PMID: 26277814 DOI: 10.1021/jz501050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled attachment of molecules to the surface of a material can alter the band structure energies with respect to the surrounding environment via a combination of intrinsic and bonding-induced dipoles. Here, we demonstrate that the surface potential of an application-relevant material, anatase TiO2, can be tuned over a broad energy range of ∼1 eV using a family of dipolar phosphonic acid-based adsorbates. Using TiO2 as an example, we show with photoelectron spectroscopy that these adsorbates are stable in a liquid environment (propylene carbonate). More interestingly, the tunability is substantially retained and follows trends in the computed bound dipole. The electrochemical surface potential is shown to vary over 600 meV, the highest range in electrolytes to the best of our knowledge. Using density functional theory calculations, we rationalize the measured trends and show that the effective dipole upon molecular adsorption and not the intrinsic dipole of the isolated molecules correlates with observed changes in surface potential. Control of the effective dipole, through judicious choice of robust surface species, can allow in situ tuning of energy levels and functionality at active surfaces for energy conversion and storage, biosensing, and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- ¶Department of Physics, The University of California, Berkeley and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- §McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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49
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Brown PR, Kim D, Lunt RR, Zhao N, Bawendi MG, Grossman JC, Bulović V. Energy level modification in lead sulfide quantum dot thin films through ligand exchange. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5863-72. [PMID: 24824726 DOI: 10.1021/nn500897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are critically dependent on both QD size and surface chemistry. Modification of quantum confinement provides control of the QD bandgap, while ligand-induced surface dipoles present a hitherto underutilized means of control over the absolute energy levels of QDs within electronic devices. Here, we show that the energy levels of lead sulfide QDs, measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, shift by up to 0.9 eV between different chemical ligand treatments. The directions of these energy shifts match the results of atomistic density functional theory simulations and scale with the ligand dipole moment. Trends in the performance of photovoltaic devices employing ligand-modified QD films are consistent with the measured energy level shifts. These results identify surface-chemistry-mediated energy level shifts as a means of predictably controlling the electronic properties of colloidal QD films and as a versatile adjustable parameter in the performance optimization of QD optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Brown
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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50
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Seitz LC, Chen Z, Forman AJ, Pinaud BA, Benck JD, Jaramillo TF. Modeling practical performance limits of photoelectrochemical water splitting based on the current state of materials research. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1372-85. [PMID: 24692256 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a means to store solar energy in the form of hydrogen. Knowledge of practical limits for this process can help researchers assess their technology and guide future directions. We develop a model to quantify loss mechanisms in PEC water splitting based on the current state of materials research and calculate maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies along with associated optimal absorber band gaps. Various absorber configurations are modeled considering the major loss mechanisms in PEC devices. Quantitative sensitivity analyses for each loss mechanism and each absorber configuration show a profound impact of both on the resulting STH efficiencies, which can reach upwards of 25 % for the highest performance materials in a dual stacked configuration. Higher efficiencies could be reached as improved materials are developed. The results of the modeling also identify and quantify approaches that can improve system performance when working with imperfect materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey C Seitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North-South Axis, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA) http://jaramillogroup.stanford.edu
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