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Khalef L, Lydia R, Filicia K, Moussa B. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays: Biochemical elements and cellular compartments. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4007. [PMID: 38593323 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays play a crucial role in drug screening and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of various chemicals. The quantification of cell viability and proliferation serves as the cornerstone for numerous in vitro assays that assess cellular responses to external factors. In the last decade, several studies have developed guidelines for defining and interpreting cell viability and cytotoxicity based on morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. As this domain continues to experience ongoing growth, revealing new mechanisms orchestrating diverse cell cytotoxicity pathways, we suggest a revised classification for multiple assays employed in evaluating cell viability and cell death. This classification is rooted in the cellular compartment and/or biochemical element involved, with a specific focus on mechanistic and essential aspects of the process. The assays are founded on diverse cell functions, encompassing metabolic activity, enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability and integrity, adenosine 5'-triphosphate content, cell adherence, reduction equivalents, dye inclusion or exclusion, constitutive protease activity, colony formation, DNA fragmentation and nuclear splitting. These assays present straightforward, reliable, sensitive, reproducible, cost-effective, and high-throughput approaches for appraising the effects of newly formulated chemotherapeutic biomolecules on the cell survival during the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefsih Khalef
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Radja Lydia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Khettar Filicia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Berkoud Moussa
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
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2
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Ao LH, Wei YG, Tian HR, Zhao H, Li J, Ban JQ. Advances in the study of silica nanoparticles in lung diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169352. [PMID: 38110102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the major forms of silicon dioxide and are composed of the most-abundant compounds on earth. Based on their excellent properties, SiNPs are widely used in food production, synthetic processes, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and other fields. The mass production and wide application of SiNPs increases the risk of human exposure to SiNPs. In the workplace and environment, SiNPs mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and reach the lungs; therefore, the lungs are the most important and most toxicologically affected target organ of SiNPs. An increasing number of studies have shown that SiNP exposure can cause severe lung toxicity. However, studies on the toxicity of SiNPs in ex vivo and in vivo settings are still in the exploratory phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lung toxicity of SiNPs are varied and not yet fully understood. As a result, this review summarizes the possible mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Moreover, this study provides a summary of the progression of diseases caused by SiNPs, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for future studies on the mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Ao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yun-Geng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Tian
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ban
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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3
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Hao Z, Wang M, Cheng L, Si M, Feng Z, Feng Z. Synergistic antibacterial mechanism of silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1337543. [PMID: 38260749 PMCID: PMC10800703 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1337543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics in clinical settings has resulted in the rapid expansion, evolution, and development of bacterial and microorganism resistance. It causes a significant challenge to the medical community. Therefore, it is important to develop new antibacterial materials that could replace traditional antibiotics. With the advancements in nanotechnology, it has become evident that metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO NPs) exhibit stronger antibacterial properties than their bulk and micron-sized counterparts. The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) have been extensively studied, including the release of metal ions, oxidative stress responses, damages to cell integrity, and immunostimulatory effects. However, it is crucial to consider the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ag NPs and Cu NPs. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) composed of Ag NPs and Cu NPs exhibit strong antibacterial effects while maintaining low cytotoxicity. Bimetallic nanoparticles offer an effective means to mitigate the genotoxicity associated with individual nanoparticles while considerably enhancing their antibacterial efficacy. In this paper, we presented on various synthesis methods for Ag-Cu NPs, emphasizing their synergistic effects, processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, photocatalytic properties, antibacterial mechanisms, and the factors influencing their performance. These materials have the potential to enhance efficacy, reduce toxicity, and find broader applications in combating antibiotic resistance while promoting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonan Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mingbo Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co, Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Si
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zezhou Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation (SAARI), Taiyuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Breder-Bonk C, Docter D, Barz M, Strieth S, Knauer SK, Gül D, Stauber RH. The Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein Survivin Is a Critical Cytoprotective Resistor against Silica-Based Nanotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2546. [PMID: 37764575 PMCID: PMC10535920 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoparticles is inevitable as they become widely used in industry, cosmetics, and foods. However, knowledge of their (patho)physiological effects on biological entry routes of the human body and their underlying molecular mechanisms is still fragmented. Here, we examined the molecular effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) on cell lines mimicking the alveolar-capillary barrier of the lung. After state-of-the-art characterization of the used aSiNPs and the cell model, we performed cell viability-based assays and a protein analysis to determine the aSiNP-induced cell toxicity and underlying signaling mechanisms. We revealed that aSiNPs induce apoptosis in a dose-, time-, and size-dependent manner. aSiNP-induced toxicity involves the inhibition of pro-survival pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, correlating with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin on the protein and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, induced Survivin overexpression mediated resistance against aSiNP-toxicity. Thus, we present the first experimental evidence suggesting Survivin as a critical cytoprotective resistor against silica-based nanotoxicity, which may also play a role in responses to other NPs. Although Survivin's relevance as a biomarker for nanotoxicity needs to be demonstrated in vivo, our data give general impetus to investigate the pharmacological modulation of Survivin`s functions to attenuate the harmful effects of acute or chronic inhalative NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Breder-Bonk
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Department of Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Désirée Gül
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
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Mohamed HRH, Ibrahim MMH, Soliman ESM, Safwat G, Diab A. Estimation of Calcium Titanate or Erbium Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Normal HSF Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2311-2318. [PMID: 35907160 PMCID: PMC10020245 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extensive uses of calcium titanate nanoparticles (CaTiO3-NPs) and erbium oxide nanoparticles (Er2O3-NPs) increase their release into the environment and human exposure, particularly through skin contact. However, there are almost no studies available on the effect of these nanoparticles on skin integrity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate CaTiO3-NP- or Er2O3-NP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. Cell viability was measured using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while the level of DNA damage was detected using the alkaline comet assay. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression level of p53, Bax, and Bcl2 genes were detected. Although the viability of HSF cells was non-markedly changed after 24 h, prolonged treatment with CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs for 72 h induced concentration-dependent death of HSF cells. Treatment of normal HSF cells with IC50/72 h of CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs did not cause marked changes in the intracellular level of ROS, DNA damage parameters, and expression levels of apoptosis genes compared to their values in the untreated HSF cells. We thus concluded that CaTiO3-NPs or Er2O3-NPs cause time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity toward normal HSF cells. However, safe and non-genotoxic effects were demonstrated by the apparent non-significant changes in intracellular ROS level, DNA integrity, and apoptotic genes' expression after exposure of normal HSF cells to nanoparticles. Thus, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to further understand the toxic and biological effects of CaTiO3-NPs and Er2O3-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maria M H Ibrahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6Th of October City, Egypt
| | - Esraa S M Soliman
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6Th of October City, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6Th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Diab
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6Th of October City, Egypt
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Tan Y, Yu D, Feng J, You H, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Toxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles for delivery applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01312-z. [PMID: 37024610 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being explored as nanocarriers for therapeutics delivery, which can address a number of intrinsic drawbacks of therapeutics. To translate laboratory innovation into clinical application, their potential toxicity has been of great concern. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the existing literature on the toxicity assessment of SiNPs. The current data suggest that the composition of SiNPs, their physicochemical properties, their administration route, their frequency and duration of administration, and the sex of animal models are related to their tissue and blood toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. However, the correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity has not been well established, mainly because both the in vitro and the in vivo-dosed quantities are unrealistic. This article also discusses important factors to consider in the toxicology of SiNPs and current approaches to reducing their toxicity. The aim is to give readers a better understanding of the toxicology of silica nanoparticles and to help identify key gaps in knowledge and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayao Feng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huimin You
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Xiao B, Liu Y, Chandrasiri I, Overby C, Benoit DSW. Impact of Nanoparticle Physicochemical Properties on Protein Corona and Macrophage Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36916683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the major component of the mononuclear phagocyte system, uptake and clear systemically administered nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, leveraging macrophages as a druggable target may be advantageous to enhance NP-mediated drug delivery. Despite many studies focused on NP-cell interactions, NP-mediated macrophage polarization mechanisms are still poorly understood. This work aimed to explore the effect of NP physicochemical parameters (size and charge) on macrophage polarization. Upon exposure to biological fluids, proteins rapidly adsorb to NPs and form protein coronas. To this end, we hypothesized that NP protein coronas govern NP-macrophage interactions, uptake, and subsequent macrophage polarization. To test this hypothesis, model polystyrene NPs with various charges and sizes, as well as NPs relevant to drug delivery, were utilized. Data suggest that cationic NPs potentiate both M1 and M2 macrophage markers, while anionic NPs promote M1-to-M2 polarization. Additionally, anionic polystyrene nanoparticles (APNs) of 50 nm exhibit the greatest influence on M2 polarization. Proteomics was pursued to further understand the effect of NPs physicochemical parameters on protein corona, which revealed unique protein patterns based on NP charge and size. Several proteins impacting M1 and M2 macrophage polarization were identified within cationic polystyrene nanoparticles (CPNs) corona, while APNs corona included fewer M1 but more M2-promoting proteins. Nevertheless, size impacts protein corona abundance but not identities. Altogether, protein corona identities varied based on NP surface charge and correlated to dramatic differences in macrophage polarization. In contrast, NP size differentially impacts macrophage polarization, which is dominated by NP uptake level rather than protein corona. In this work, specific corona proteins were identified as a function of NP physicochemical properties. These proteins are correlated to specific macrophage polarization programs and may provide design principles for developing macrophage-mediated NP drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Indika Chandrasiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Clyde Overby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Budiman A, Rusdin A, Aulifa DL. Current Techniques of Water Solubility Improvement for Antioxidant Compounds and Their Correlation with Its Activity: Molecular Pharmaceutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:378. [PMID: 36829937 PMCID: PMC9952677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aqueous solubility of a drug is important in the oral formulation because the drug can be absorbed from intestinal sites after being dissolved in the gastrointestinal fluid, leading to its bioavailability. Almost 80% of active pharmaceutical ingredients are poorly water-soluble, including antioxidant compounds. This makes antioxidant activity inefficient in preventing disease, particularly for orally administered formulations. Although several investigations have been carried out to improve the solubility of antioxidant compounds, there is still limited research fully discussing the subject. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview and discussion of the issues related to the methods that have been used to improve the solubility and activity of antioxidant compounds. Articles were found using the keywords "antioxidant" and "water solubility improvement" in the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The selected articles were published within the last five years to ensure all information was up-to-date with the same objectives. The most popular methods of the strategies employed were solid dispersion, co-amorphous, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems, which were used to enhance the solubility of antioxidant compounds. These investigations produced impressive results, with a detailed discussion of the mechanism of improvement in the solubility and antioxidant activity of the compounds developed. This review shows that the strategies used to increase the solubility of antioxidant compounds successfully improved their antioxidant activity with enhanced free radical scavenging abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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Paz-Trejo C, Jiménez-García LF, Arenas-Huertero F, Gómez-Arroyo S. Comparison of the genotoxicity of two commercial pesticides by their micro and nano size capsules. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:675-686. [PMID: 36045123 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology in the agrochemical industry has become increasingly popular over the past decade, raising the question of whether these products may represent a risk or benefit compared to their conventional presentations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the different genotoxic effects of the Complete encapsulated presentation (CEP), the micro encapsulated fraction (MEF), and the nano encapsulated fraction (NEF) of two pesticides (Karate® and Ampligo®) in lymphocytes from human peripheral blood. To test the different fractions, the pesticides were separated by centrifugations by the average size of the capsule, then were characterized by the general composition of the capsule by RAMAN and FTIR spectroscopy and the active ingredient of both pesticides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each fraction was tested separately and analyzed by comet assay through the tail moment and the percentage of DNA in the tail and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus through their frequency of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds. The nuclear division index and the Nuclear Division Cytotoxicity Index were also measured. For both pesticides, the CEP increased the genetic damage observed in the tail moment and percentage of DNA in the tail at all concentrations for both pesticides. However, in the micronucleus test, NEF induced more micronuclei than MEF and CEP in all treatments reducing cell proliferation as the concentration decreased for both pesticides. These results suggested that NEF had more genotoxic effects in both pesticides, increasing the damage to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Paz-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, 7180Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Edificio Tlahuizcalpan, Facultad de Ciencias, 98804Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, 61670Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, 7180Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
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10
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Kiyani MM, Moghul NB, Javed A, Butt MA, Abbas HB, Rehman H, Rajput TA, Bokhari SAI. In Vivo Effects of Orally Administered Different Concentrations of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles in Hyperuricemic Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3677-3687. [PMID: 34718960 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Silver oxide nanoparticles (AgO-NPs) antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and tissue repair properties. Gouty arthritis is the inflammation of tissues and joints caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals. In this experiment, we investigated the anti-hyperuricemic effectiveness of different concentrations of AgO-NPs in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of administration of AgO-NPs in monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gouty mice for the very first time. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals were administered intraperitoneal for gout induction, followed by 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL doses of AgO-NPs for 2 weeks. The positive control was provided with the commercially available drug allopurinol to compare the effects of AgO-NPs and allopurinol. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the nanoparticles in comparison with commercially available drugs. AgO-NPs have been shown to improve the condition of gouty arthritis by reducing significantly (P ˂ 0.001) increased levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin. The total protein estimation results showed significant improvement at concentration of 20 µg/mL of AgO-NPs. The lipid profile results showed that high concentration (20 µg/mL) of AgO-NPs decrease the lipid content significantly as compared to control. It was concluded from this study that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antilipidemic properties of AgO-NPs may improve the hyperuricemic condition in gouty arthritis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Mustafa Kiyani
- Shifa College of Medical Technology, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Shifa International Hospitals, Ltd 'Gate No. 1' 4 Pitras Bukhari Rd, H 8/4 H-8, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan.
| | - Nurain Baig Moghul
- Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Maisra Azhar Butt
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Burair Abbas
- Department of Medicine, HITEC-Institute of Medical Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tausif Ahmed Rajput
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical & Allied Health Sciences, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Imran Bokhari
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Fadia B, Mokhtari-Soulimane N, Meriem B, Wacila N, Zouleykha B, Karima R, Soulimane T, Tofail SAM, Townley H, Thorat ND. Histological Injury to Rat Brain, Liver, and Kidneys by Gold Nanoparticles is Dose-Dependent. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20656-20665. [PMID: 35755394 PMCID: PMC9219072 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) possess various interesting plasmonic properties that can provide a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities for biomedical applications. Compared to other inorganic metal nanoparticles (NPs), GNPs are less toxic and more biocompatible. However, the in vivo toxicity of gold nanoparticles on humans can be significant due to the size effect. This work aims to study the effect of multiple doses of small-size (≈20 nm) GNPs on the vital organs of Wistar rats. The study includes the oxidative stress in vital organs (liver, brain, and kidney) caused by GNPs and histopathology analysis. The rats were given a single caudal injection of NPs dispersed in PBS at 25, 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg of body weight. After sacrifice, both plasma and organs were collected for the determination of oxidant/antioxidant markers and histological studies. Our data show the high sensitivity of oxidative stress parameters to the GNPs in the brain, liver, and kidneys. However, the response to this stress is different between the organs and depends upon the antioxidant defense, where GSH levels control the MDA and PCO levels. Histological alterations are mild at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg but significant at higher concentrations of 250 mg/kg. Therefore, histological impairments are shown to be dependent on the dose of GNPs. The results contribute to the understanding of oxidative stress and cellular interaction induced by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekhti
Sari Fadia
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Nassima Mokhtari-Soulimane
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Bensalah Meriem
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Nacer Wacila
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Badi Zouleykha
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Rouigueb Karima
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Modelling
Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of
Chemical Engineering, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Modelling
Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of
Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Helen Townley
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K.
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K.
- Faculty
of Engineering and Sciences, MIT Art, Design
and Technology University, Pune 412201, Maharashtra, India
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12
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Naguib M, Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Genotoxic evaluation of silver nanoparticles in catfish Clarias gariepinus erythrocytes; DNA strand breakage using comet assay. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Sheikha MA, Soheir NA, SyragEldin FM. Synthesis, characterization and protection effect of black rice anthocyanins nano-composite against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate in rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e248726. [PMID: 35239784 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial of prepared black rice anthocyanins nano-composite (An-AgNps) against hepatotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) in rats. Anthocyanins nano-composite was prepared by silver as the metallic ion reduction and were characterized by IR and SEM. The rats in our experiment were divided into five groups. Serum lipid profile, serum transaminases (ALT and AST), ALP, LDH, TBA, GSH and SOD were examined. The results show that SEM of An-AgNps has average particle size from 70 to 130nm. In the group treated with MTX; TC, TG, LDL-c, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and TBA levels were significantly (P≤0.05) increased than NC, while, HDL-c, SOD and GSH levels were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased. On the other hand, An-AgNps + MTX treated groups were reversed the levels of all biomarkers similar to NC. In conclusion, the results show that An-AgNps has a protective effect on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sheikha
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - N A Soheir
- Agricultural Research Center, Food Technology Research Institute, Crops Technology Research Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - F M SyragEldin
- Saudi Grains Organization - SAGO, Center Lab. of Research, Riyadh, KSA
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14
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Guo X, Mo W, Zhang D, Wang Y, Cao F, Zhai T, Rao W, Guan X, Xu L, Pan X. Design of a Controlled-Release Delivery Composite of Antibacterial Agent Gatifloxacin by Spherical Silica Nanocarrier. Front Chem 2022; 9:821040. [PMID: 35096778 PMCID: PMC8792944 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.821040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a spherical silica nanoparticle was explored as a gatifloxacin carrier synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. It was found that there was no new chemical bond formation during the loading process between gatifloxacin and silica, which implies that the binding was driven by physical interaction. In addition, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency could be improved by appropriately increasing nano-silica content in the loading process. Meanwhile, the release rate of gatifloxacin after loading nano-silica was also improved, suggesting the successful design of a controlled-release delivery composite. The silica nanocarrier could significantly improve the antibacterial performance of Escherichia coli by 2.1 times, which was higher than the pure gatifloxacin. The 24 h bacteriostatic rate was higher than that of a simple mixture of silica nanoparticles and gatifloxacin. Strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GAT-SiO2 NPs suggests that ROS might be associated with bactericidal activity. The synergy between the physicochemical effect and ROS production of this material is proposed as the mechanism of its antibacterial activity, which can also be confirmed by the cell membrane damage observed under electron microscopy and DNA damage experiments. Collectively, our finding indicates that nano-silica microspheres could serve as a promising carrier for the sustained release of gatifloxacin, thereby providing a new carrier design scheme for the improvement of the antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianyun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Xu, ; Xiaohong Pan,
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Xu, ; Xiaohong Pan,
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15
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May S, Hirsch C, Rippl A, Bürkle A, Wick P. Assessing Genotoxicity of Ten Different Engineered Nanomaterials by the Novel Semi-Automated FADU Assay and the Alkaline Comet Assay. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:220. [PMID: 35055238 PMCID: PMC8781421 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased engineered nanomaterial (ENM) production and incorporation in consumer and biomedical products has raised concerns about the potential adverse effects. The DNA damaging capacity is of particular importance since damaged genetic material can lead to carcinogenesis. Consequently, reliable and robust in vitro studies assessing ENM genotoxicity are of great value. We utilized two complementary assays based on different measurement principles: (1) comet assay and (2) FADU (fluorimetric detection of alkaline DNA unwinding) assay. Assessing cell viability ruled out false-positive results due to DNA fragmentation during cell death. Potential structure-activity relationships of 10 ENMs were investigated: three silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NP) with varying degrees of porosity, titanium dioxide (TiO2-NP), polystyrene (PS-NP), zinc oxide (ZnO-NP), gold (Au-NP), graphene oxide (GO) and two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). SiO2-NPs, TiO2-NP and GO were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic to Jurkat E6-I cells. Quantitative interference corrections derived from GO results can make the FADU assay a promising screening tool for a variety of ENMs. MWNT merely induced cytotoxicity, while dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of PS-NP was accompanied by DNA fragmentation. Hence, PS-NP served to benchmark threshold levels of cytotoxicity at which DNA fragmentation was expected. Considering all controls revealed the true genotoxicity for Au-NP and ZnO-NP at early time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah May
- Particles-Biology Interactions Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (S.M.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (S.M.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Particles-Biology Interactions Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (S.M.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (S.M.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
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16
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Shukla RK, Badiye A, Vajpayee K, Kapoor N. Genotoxic Potential of Nanoparticles: Structural and Functional Modifications in DNA. Front Genet 2021; 12:728250. [PMID: 34659351 PMCID: PMC8511513 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology enhances the production of different nanoparticles that meet the demand of various fields like biomedical sciences, industrial, material sciences and biotechnology, etc. This technological development increases the chances of nanoparticles exposure to human beings, which can threaten their health. It is well known that various cellular processes (transcription, translation, and replication during cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation) in which genetic materials (DNA and RNA) are involved play a vital role to maintain any structural and functional modification into it. When nanoparticles come into the vicinity of the cellular system, chances of uptake become high due to their small size. This cellular uptake of nanoparticles enhances its interaction with DNA, leading to structural and functional modification (DNA damage/repair, DNA methylation) into the DNA. These modifications exhibit adverse effects on the cellular system, consequently showing its inadvertent effect on human health. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the genotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles in the context of structural and functional modifications of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Shukla
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Kamayani Vajpayee
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
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17
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Li L, Deng Y, Meng X, Chang H, Ling C, Li D, Wang Q, Lu T, Yang Y, Song G, Hu Y. Genotoxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles in murine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:1-17. [PMID: 34350812 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1965277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been widely used in nanotechnology, and more attention has been paid to their safety evaluation. However, there are still inconsistent conclusions about the genotoxicity of SiNPs. A systematic review was conducted to explore whether SiNPs have genotoxicity followed by a meta-analysis of in vivo and in vitro murine genotoxicity tests. A total of 26 eligible studies were identified in this meta-analysis through a detailed process of inclusion and exclusion, which included 9 in vivo studies, 15 in vitro studies, and 2 in both. The results of in vitro studies showed that SiNPs exposure significantly increased the indicators of the comet assay, such as tail DNA content (T DNA%), tail length (TL), and olive tail moment (OTM). Indicators of mutagenicity had not been affected in vitro studies, such as mutation frequency (MF) and micronucleus (MN) frequency. There was a significant increase in MN frequency, but there was no influence on T DNA% in vivo. Results of subgroup analysis indicated that size and treatment time of SiNPs were the associated factors in vitro genotoxicity. The size of SiNPs, <21 nm, induced more DNA damage than larger sized SiNPs. It could induce MN formation when the treatment time of SiNPs was <12 h, and even more DNA damage when the exposure time over 12 h. SiNPs can induce genotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Comet assay may be more sensitive to detect in vitro genotoxicity, and MN frequency may be more suitable to detect in vivo genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - XiaoJia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chunmei Ling
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tianjiao Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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18
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Wan D, Sun T, Qi L, Huang D. WITHDRAWN: Precise engineering of Iguratimod and Rapamycin drugs loaded polymeric nanomaterials for the treatment of glioma cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Yan Y. A Review of pH-Responsive Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles for RNAi-Based Therapeutics. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100183. [PMID: 34160896 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) shows great potential in the treatment of varying cancer and genetic disorders. The lack of safe and effective delivery methods is an ongoing challenge to realize the full potential of RNAi-based therapeutics. pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticle is a promising non-virus platform for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery with unique properties including the robust response to the acidic microenvironment and the capability of theranostic and combined therapeutics. The mechanism of RNAi and the delivery barriers for RNAi-based therapeutics are first discussed. Then, the general patterns of pH-response and the typical construction of hybrid nanoparticles are demonstrated. The recent advances in pH-responsive organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery are highlighted, in particular, how pH-response of ionizable groups, acid-labile bonds, and decomposition of inorganic components affect the physicochemical properties of hybrid nanoparticles and benefit the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of siRNA payloads are discussed. At last, the remaining problems and the prospects for pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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20
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Brandão F, Costa C, Bessa MJ, Dumortier E, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Hubaux R, Salmon M, Laloy J, Stan MS, Hermenean A, Gharbia S, Dinischiotu A, Bannuscher A, Hellack B, Haase A, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Genotoxicity and Gene Expression in the Rat Lung Tissue following Instillation and Inhalation of Different Variants of Amorphous Silica Nanomaterials (aSiO 2 NM). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1502. [PMID: 34200147 PMCID: PMC8228975 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several reports on amorphous silica nanomaterial (aSiO2 NM) toxicity have been questioning their safety. Herein, we investigated the in vivo pulmonary toxicity of four variants of aSiO2 NM: SiO2_15_Unmod, SiO2_15_Amino, SiO2_7 and SiO2_40. We focused on alterations in lung DNA and protein integrity, and gene expression following single intratracheal instillation in rats. Additionally, a short-term inhalation study (STIS) was carried out for SiO2_7, using TiO2_NM105 as a benchmark NM. In the instillation study, a significant but slight increase in oxidative DNA damage in rats exposed to the highest instilled dose (0.36 mg/rat) of SiO2_15_Amino was observed in the recovery (R) group. Exposure to SiO2_7 or SiO2_40 markedly increased oxidative DNA lesions in rat lung cells of the exposure (E) group at every tested dose. This damage seems to be repaired, since no changes compared to controls were observed in the R groups. In STIS, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks of the lung cells exposed to 0.5 mg/m3 of SiO2_7 or 50 mg/m3 of TiO2_NM105 was observed in both groups. The detected gene expression changes suggest that oxidative stress and/or inflammation pathways are likely implicated in the induction of (oxidative) DNA damage. Overall, all tested aSiO2 NM were not associated with marked in vivo toxicity following instillation or STIS. The genotoxicity findings for SiO2_7 from instillation and STIS are concordant; however, changes in STIS animals were more permanent/difficult to revert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Brandão
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elise Dumortier
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (E.D.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (E.D.); (F.D.-C.)
| | - Roland Hubaux
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium; (R.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michel Salmon
- StratiCELL Laboratories, Research and Development, 5032 Les Isnes, Belgium; (R.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Julie Laloy
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.S.S.); (A.H.); (S.G.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Bannuscher
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (A.H.)
- Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Hellack
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V., 47229 Duisburg, Germany;
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roβlau, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Sónia Fraga
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (C.C.); (M.J.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
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Raja IS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Shin DM, Lee JH, Han DW. A critical review on genotoxicity potential of low dimensional nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124915. [PMID: 33422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional nanomaterials (LDNMs) have earned attention among researchers as they exhibit a larger surface area to volume and quantum confinement effect compared to high dimensional nanomaterials. LDNMs, including 0-D and 1-D, possess several beneficial biomedical properties such as bioimaging, sensor, cosmetic, drug delivery, and cancer tumors ablation. However, they threaten human beings with the adverse effects of cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity when exposed for a prolonged time in industry or laboratory. Among different toxicities, genotoxicity must be taken into consideration with utmost importance as they inherit DNA related disorders causing congenital disabilities and malignancy to human beings. Many researchers have performed NMs' genotoxicity using various cell lines and animal models and reported the effect on various physicochemical and biological factors. In the present work, we have compiled a comparative study on the genotoxicity of the same or different kinds of NMs. Notwithstanding, we have included the classification of genotoxicity, mechanism, assessment, and affecting factors. Further, we have highlighted the importance of studying the genotoxicity of LDNMs and signified the perceptions, future challenges, and possible directives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Daan Korea Corporation, Seoul 06252, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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22
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Moses AS, Demessie AA, Taratula O, Korzun T, Slayden OD, Taratula O. Nanomedicines for Endometriosis: Lessons Learned from Cancer Research. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004975. [PMID: 33491876 PMCID: PMC7928207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an incurable gynecological disease characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrium-like tissue, characteristic of the uterine lining, outside of the uterine cavity. Millions of people with endometriosis suffer from pelvic pain and infertility. This review aims to discuss whether nanomedicines that are promising therapeutic approaches for various diseases have the potential to create a paradigm shift in endometriosis management. For the first time, the available reports and achievements in the field of endometriosis nanomedicine are critically evaluated, and a summary of how nanoparticle-based systems can improve endometriosis treatment and diagnosis is provided. Parallels between cancer and endometriosis are also drawn to understand whether some fundamental principles of the well-established cancer nanomedicine field can be adopted for the development of novel nanoparticle-based strategies for endometriosis. This review provides the state of the art of endometriosis nanomedicine and perspective for researchers aiming to realize and exploit the full potential of nanoparticles for treatment and imaging of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham S Moses
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ananiya A Demessie
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Olena Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ov D Slayden
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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23
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Franz P, Bürkle A, Wick P, Hirsch C. Exploring Flow Cytometry-Based Micronucleus Scoring for Reliable Nanomaterial Genotoxicity Assessment. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2538-2549. [PMID: 32945164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) such as SiO2 and TiO2 in industrial products, especially in food, raises concerns with regard to their effect on human health. In particular, ENM-induced genotoxicity is crucial to investigate, since DNA damage can cause induction or promotion of carcinogenesis. However, current in vitro and in vivo nanogenotoxicological data are highly contradictory, which impedes interpretation and extrapolation. Hence, robust, reliable, and ideally scalable in vitro methods for nanogenotoxicity assessment are of great interest. This work aimed at evaluating the suitability of flow cytometry-based micronuclei scoring for reliable nanogenotoxicological assessment in human intestinal cells. Therefore, we have evaluated the genotoxicity of differently sized SiO2 and TiO2 from different sources (food-relevant, commercially available, and laboratory-synthesized) using the well-established alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and the micronucleus (MN) assay employing a flow cytometric readout. Our study demonstrates that physiologically relevant doses of several types of SiO2 and TiO2 did not cause genotoxicity, as assessed by the Comet assay, and the MN flow cytometry assay under the particular experimental conditions described. To improve data reliability, we identified ENM-induced interferences with flow cytometric scoring employing a set of interference controls, which is generally applicable for any nanomaterial and any cell line. In conclusion, flow cytometry-based MN scoring appears to be a promising methodology in nanogenotoxicity testing since data acquisition and analysis are significantly faster, highly scalable in terms of throughput, and less operator-dependent compared to the traditional microscopic evaluation. In particular, ENM-induced false-positive or false-negative results, which have not been addressed sufficiently in the literature, can be detected easily, thus enhancing data reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Franz
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Chair of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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24
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Sprenger S. Nanosilica-Toughened Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081777. [PMID: 32784417 PMCID: PMC7463561 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-modified silica nanoparticles are available as concentrates in epoxy resins in industrial quantities for nearly 20 years. Meanwhile, they are used in many epoxy resin formulations for various applications like fiber-reinforced composites, adhesives or electronic components; even in space vehicles like satellites. Some of the drawbacks of “classic” epoxy toughening using elastomers as a second phase, like lower modulus or a loss in strength can be compensated by using nanosilica together with such tougheners. Apparently, there exists a synergy as toughness and fatigue performance are increased significantly. This work intends to provide an overview regarding the possibilities of nanotoughening with silica, the industrial applications of such epoxy resin formulations and the most recent research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sprenger
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Charlottenburger Strasse 9, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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25
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Bartucci R, Paramanandana A, Boersma YL, Olinga P, Salvati A. Comparative study of nanoparticle uptake and impact in murine lung, liver and kidney tissue slices. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:847-865. [PMID: 32536243 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1771785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine responses to nanoparticles in a more comprehensive way, current efforts in nanosafety aim at combining the analysis of multiple endpoints and comparing outcomes in different models. To this end, here we used tissue slices from mice as 3D ex vivo models and performed for the first time a comparative study of uptake and impact in liver, lung, and kidney slices exposed under the same conditions to silica, carboxylated and amino-modified polystyrene. In all organs, only exposure to amino-modified polystyrene induced toxicity, with stronger effects in kidneys and lungs. Uptake and distribution studies by confocal microscopy confirmed nanoparticle uptake in all slices, and, in line with what observed in vivo, preferential accumulation in the macrophages. However, uptake levels in kidneys were minimal, despite the strong impact observed when exposed to the amino-modified polystyrene. On the contrary, nanoparticle uptake and accumulation in macrophages were particularly evident in lung slices. Thus, tissue digestion was used to recover all cells from lung slices at different exposure times and to determine by flow cytometry detailed uptake kinetics in lung macrophages and all other cells, confirming higher uptake by the macrophages. Finally, the expression levels of a panel of targets involved in inflammation and macrophage polarization were measured to determine potential effects induced in lung and liver tissue. Overall, this comparative study allowed us to determine uptake and impact of nanoparticles in real tissue and identify important differences in outcomes in the organs in which nanoparticles distribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bartucci
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abhimata Paramanandana
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Halder AK, Melo A, Cordeiro MNDS. A unified in silico model based on perturbation theory for assessing the genotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125489. [PMID: 31812055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are an ever-increasing field of interest, due to their wide range of applications in science and technology. However, despite providing solutions to many societal problems and challenges, NMs are associated with adverse effects with potential severe damages towards biological species and their ecosystems. Particularly, it has been confirmed that NMs may induce serious genotoxic effects on various biological targets. Given the difficulties of experimental assays for estimating the genotoxicity of many NMs on diverse biological targets, development of alternative methodologies is crucial to establish their level of safety. In silico modelling approaches, such as Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships (QSTR), are now considered a promising solution for such purpose. In this work, a perturbation theory machine learning (PTML) based QSTR approach is proposed for predicting the genotoxicity of metal oxide NMs under various experimental assay conditions. The application of such perturbation approach to 6084 NM-NM pair cases, set up from 78 unique NMs, afforded a final PTML-QSTR model with an accuracy better than 96% for both training and test sets. This model was then used to predict the genotoxicity of some NMs not included in the modelling dataset. The results for this independent data set were in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Overall, that thus suggests that the derived PTML-QSTR model is a reliable in silico tool to rapidly and cost-efficiently assess the genotoxicity of metal oxide NMs. Finally, and most importantly, the model provides important insights regarding the mechanism of the genotoxicity triggered by these NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - André Melo
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Gu C, Li C, Zhang J, Li X, Wang L, Ju Y, Liu Y, Xu Y. Ultra-effective near-infrared Photothermal therapy for the prostate cancer Nursing care through novel intended and surface tailored photo-responsive Ga-Au@MPS nanovesicles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 202:111685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni using silica nanocarrier. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3519-3533. [PMID: 31673833 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with praziquantel (PZQ-Si) in order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ). Mice were experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated 6 weeks post-infection with PZQ in different doses via either oral or intraperitoneal (IP) routes. PZQ in the same doses orally administered to S. mansoni-infected mice was used as a drug control, and infected and non-infected non-treated mice served as positive and negative controls, respectively. PZQ-Si exhibited good physicochemical attributes in terms of small uniform size (105 nm), spherical shape, and PZQ entrapment efficiency (83%). A maximum antischistosomal effect was achieved using orally administered PZQ-Si as reflected by total worm burden, tissue egg count, oogram pattern, and hepatic granuloma count and diameter. The biomarkers related to liver oxidative stress status and immunomodulatory effect (serum TNF-α and IL-10) were significantly improved. Data obtained implied that IP route was less efficacious for the delivery of PZQ-Si. Encapsulation of PZQ permits the reduction of the used therapeutic dose of PZQ. Hepatic DNA fragmentation, measured by comet assay, was significantly improved in infected mice treated with maximum dose of PZQ-Si as compared to positive or PZQ control groups. The results indicate that mesoporous silica NP is a promising safe nanocarrier for PZQ potentiating its antischistosomal, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory action in animal model infected with S. mansoni. From a practical standpoint, PZQ-Si using a lower dose of PZQ could be suggested for effective PZQ antischistosomal mass chemotherapy.
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29
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Gualtieri AF, Lusvardi G, Pedone A, Di Giuseppe D, Zoboli A, Mucci A, Zambon A, Filaferro M, Vitale G, Benassi M, Avallone R, Pasquali L, Lassinantti Gualtieri M. Structure Model and Toxicity of the Product of Biodissolution of Chrysotile Asbestos in the Lungs. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2063-2077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro F. Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gigliola Lusvardi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zoboli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Filaferro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neuro-Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Benassi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neuro-Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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30
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Rodríguez-Campuzano AG, Hernández-Kelly LC, Ortega A. Acute Exposure to SiO 2 Nanoparticles Affects Protein Synthesis in Bergmann Glia Cells. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:366-379. [PMID: 31292883 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attractive due to an alleged high biocompatibility, silica nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of nanomedicine; however, their proven capacity to induce the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in several cellular models has raised concern about their safety. Glutamate, the main excitatory amino acid transmitter triggers a wide variety of signal transduction cascades that regulate protein synthesis at transcriptional and translational levels. A stimulus-dependent dynamic change in the protein repertoire in neurons and glia cells is the molecular framework of higher brain functions. Within the cerebellum, Bergmann glia cells are the most abundant non-neuronal cells and span the entire molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, wrapping the synapses in this structure. Taking into consideration the functional role of Bergmann glia in terms of the recycling of glutamate, lactate supply to neurons, and prevention of neurotoxic insults, we decided to investigate the possibility that silica nanoparticles affect Bergmann glia and by these means alter the major excitatory neurotransmitter system in the brain. To this end, we exposed cultured chick cerebellar Bergmann glia cells to silica nanoparticles and measured [35S]-methionine incorporation into newly synthesized polypeptides. Our results demonstrate that exposure of the cultured cells to silica nanoparticles exerts a time- and dose-dependent modulation of protein synthesis. Furthermore, altered patterns of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 phosphorylation were present upon nanoparticle exposure. These results demonstrate that glia cells respond to the presence of this nanomaterial modifying their proteome, presumably in an effort to overcome any plausible neurotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada G Rodríguez-Campuzano
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa C Hernández-Kelly
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Evidence for Contamination of Silica Microparticles in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrices Prepared Using Silica-Coated Plastic Tubes. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020045. [PMID: 31248187 PMCID: PMC6631693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) therapy has been widely applied in regenerative dentistry, and PRF preparation has been optimized to efficiently form fibrin clots using plain glass tubes. Currently, a shortage of commercially available glass tubes has forced PRF users to utilize silica-coated plastic tubes. However, most plastic tubes are approved by regulatory authorities only for diagnostic use and remain to be approved for PRF therapy. To clarify this issue, we quantified silica microparticles incorporated into the PRF matrix. Blood samples were collected into three different brands of silica-containing plastic tubes and were immediately centrifuged following the protocol for advanced-PRF (A-PRF). Advanced-PRF-like matrices were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and silica microparticles were quantified using a spectrophotometer. Each brand used silica microparticles of specific size and appearance. Regardless of tube brands and individual donors, significant, but not accidental, levels of silica microparticles were found to be incorporated into the A-PRF-like matrix, which will be consequently incorporated into the implantation sites. Presently, from the increasing data for cytotoxicity of amorphous silica, we cannot exclude the possibility that such A-PRF-like matrices negatively influence tissue regeneration through induction of inflammation. Further investigation should be performed to clarify such potential risks.
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Yazdimamaghani M, Moos PJ, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ghandehari H. Genotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles: Status and prospects. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 16:106-125. [PMID: 30529789 PMCID: PMC6455809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications and consumer products. Little is known, however, about their genotoxicity and potential to induce gene expression regulation. Despite recent efforts to study the underlying mechanisms of genotoxicity of SNPs, inconsistent results create a challenge. A variety of factors determine particle-cell interactions and underlying mechanisms. Further, high-throughput studies are required to carefully assess the impact of silica nanoparticle physicochemical properties on induction of genotoxic response in different cell lines and animal models. In this article, we review the strategies available for evaluation of genotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), survey current status of silica nanoparticle gene alteration and genotoxicity, discuss particle-mediated inflammation as a contributing factor to genotoxicity, identify existing gaps and suggest future directions for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Philip J Moos
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
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33
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Al Ayoub Y, Gopalan RC, Najafzadeh M, Mohammad MA, Anderson D, Paradkar A, Assi KH. Development and evaluation of nanoemulsion and microsuspension formulations of curcuminoids for lung delivery with a novel approach to understanding the aerosol performance of nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 557:254-263. [PMID: 30597263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated the potential effectiveness of curcumin against various diseases, including asthma and cancers. However, few studies have used liquid-based vehicles in the preparation of curcumin formulations. Therefore, the current study proposed the use of nanoemulsion and microsuspension formulations to prepare nebulised curcuminoid for lung delivery. Furthermore, this work expressed a new approach to understanding the aerosol performance of nanoparticles compared to microsuspension formulations. The genotoxicity of the formulations was also assessed. Curcuminoid nanoemulsion formulations were prepared in three concentrations (100, 250 and 500 µg/ml) using limonene and oleic acid as oil phases, while microsuspension solutions were prepared by suspending curcuminoid particles in isotonic solution (saline solution) of 0.02% Tween 80. The average fine particle fraction (FPF) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the nebulised microsuspension formulations ranged from 26% and 7.1 µm to 40% and 5.7 µm, for 1000 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml respectively. In a comparison of the low and high drug concentrations of the nebulised nanoemulsion, the average FPF and MMAD of the nebulised nanoemulsion formulations prepared with limonene oil ranged from 50% and 4.6 µm to 45% and 5.6 µm, respectively; whereas the FPF and MMAD of the nebulised nanoemulsion prepared with oleic acid oil ranged from 46% and 4.9 µm to 44% and 5.6 µm, respectively. The aerosol performance of the microsuspension formulations were concentration dependent, while the nanoemulsion formulations did not appear to be dependent on the curcuminoids concentration. The performance and genotoxicity results of the formulations suggest the suitability of these preparations for further inhalation studies in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuosef Al Ayoub
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - R C Gopalan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - M Najafzadeh
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - M A Mohammad
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - D Anderson
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - A Paradkar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - K H Assi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Salem A, Oudhabechi A, Sakly M. Effect of nano-sized SiO 2 particles on the cognitive function and biochemical response. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:140-146. [PMID: 29920170 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1489365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies have convincingly demonstrated that SiO2NPs mediated cytotoxicity, which was dose-, time- and size-dependent. The data on in vivo toxicity of SiO2NPs are even more contradictory. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sub-acute exposure to SiO2-NPs on spatial learning and memory, the biochemical parameters and the histology of organs. Rats were injected intravenously with a single dose of SiO2-NPs (20 mg/kg) during five consecutive days. The analysis of spatial memory in the Morris water maze showed that SiO2-NPs disrupt the cognitive abilities of rats. Moreover, SiO2-NPs could changes the blood counts. However, biochemical markers remained unchanged. Histological examination showed that SiO2-NPs induced pathological changes in rat organs. In this finding NPs were shown to cause granuloma formation and inflammatory cells infiltration in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Salem
- a Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte , Carthage University , Zarzouna, Tunisia
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Education in Afif , Shaqra University , Afif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Oudhabechi
- a Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte , Carthage University , Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- a Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Faculty of Science of Bizerte , Carthage University , Zarzouna, Tunisia
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Senapati VA, Kansara K, Shanker R, Dhawan A, Kumar A. Monitoring characteristics and genotoxic effects of engineered nanoparticle-protein corona. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:479-490. [PMID: 29048576 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) possess different physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These unique properties have found application in various products in the area of therapeutics, consumer goods, environmental remediation, optical and electronic fields. This has also increased the likelihood of their release into the environment thereby affecting human health and ecosystem. ENPs, when in contact with the biological system have various physical and chemical interactions with cellular macromolecules including proteins. These interactions lead to the formation of protein corona around the ENPs. Consequently, living systems interact with the protein-coated ENP rather than with a bare ENP. This ENP-protein interaction influences uptake, accumulation, distribution and clearance and thereby affecting the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Although there are few studies which discussed the fate of ENPs, there is a need for extensive research in the field of ENPs, to understand the interaction of ENPs with biological systems for their safe and productive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Aileen Senapati
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Kansara
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Peanparkdee M, Yamauchi R, Iwamoto S. Stability of bioactive compounds from Thai Riceberry bran extract encapsulated within gelatin matrix during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Parhiz H, Khoshnejad M, Myerson JW, Hood E, Patel PN, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Unintended effects of drug carriers: Big issues of small particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 130:90-112. [PMID: 30149885 PMCID: PMC6588191 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humoral and cellular host defense mechanisms including diverse phagocytes, leukocytes, and immune cells have evolved over millions of years to protect the body from microbes and other external and internal threats. These policing forces recognize engineered sub-micron drug delivery systems (DDS) as such a threat, and react accordingly. This leads to impediment of the therapeutic action, extensively studied and discussed in the literature. Here, we focus on side effects of DDS interactions with host defenses. We argue that for nanomedicine to reach its clinical potential, the field must redouble its efforts in understanding the interaction between drug delivery systems and the host defenses, so that we can engineer safer interventions with the greatest potential for clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hood
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priyal N Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine (CT3N), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Mosesso P, Parent-Massin D, Tobback P, Kovalkovicova N, Rincon AM, Tard A, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05088. [PMID: 32625658 PMCID: PMC7009582 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of silicon dioxide (E 551) when used as a food additive. The forms of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) used as E 551 include fumed silica and hydrated silica (precipitated silica, silica gel and hydrous silica). The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified' for silicon dioxide and silicates. SAS materials used in the available biological and toxicological studies were different in their physicochemical properties; their characteristics were not always described in sufficient detail. Silicon dioxide appears to be poorly absorbed. However, silicon-containing material (in some cases presumed to be silicon dioxide) was found in some tissues. Despite the limitations in the subchronic, reproductive and developmental toxicological studies, including studies with nano silicon dioxide, there was no indication of adverse effects. E 551 does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity. In the absence of a long-term study with nano silicon dioxide, the Panel could not extrapolate the results from the available chronic study with a material, which does not cover the full-size range of the nanoparticles that could be present in the food additive E 551, to a material complying with the current specifications for E 551. These specifications do not exclude the presence of nanoparticles. The highest exposure estimates were at least one order of magnitude lower than the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) identified (the highest doses tested). The Panel concluded that the EU specifications are insufficient to adequately characterise the food additive E 551. Clear characterisation of particle size distribution is required. Based on the available database, there was no indication for toxicity of E 551 at the reported uses and use levels. Because of the limitations in the available database, the Panel was unable to confirm the current ADI 'not specified'. The Panel recommended some modifications of the EU specifications for E 551.
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Pittol M, Tomacheski D, Simões DN, Ribeiro VF, Santana RMC. Macroscopic effects of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide on edible plant growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ultrasonic-assisted mesoporous silica nanoparticle-mediated exogenous gene stable expression in tobacco. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-7240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fontana C, Kirsch A, Seidel C, Marpeaux L, Darne C, Gaté L, Remy A, Guichard Y. In vitro cell transformation induced by synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 823:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mishra G, Bhattacharyya S, Bhatia V, Ateeq B, Sharma A, Sivakumar S. Direct Intranuclear Anticancer Drug Delivery via Polydimethylsiloxane Nanoparticles: in Vitro and in Vivo Xenograft Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34625-34633. [PMID: 28902490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct delivery of anticancer drugs to nuclei of tumor cells is required to enhance the therapeutic activity, which can be achieved by a nuclear localization signal (NLS) or peptide-decorated nanovehicles. However, NLS/peptide-based approaches may create certain undesirable immunological responses and the utilized synthesis processes are generally labor intensive. To this end, we report ligand-free, enhanced intranuclear delivery of Doxorubicin (Dox) to different cancer cells via porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoparticles (NPs). PDMS NPs were prepared by sacrificial silica template-based approach and Dox was loaded into the pores of PDMS NPs. These Dox-loaded PDMS NPs show enhanced cytotoxicity and reduce the IC50 values by 84 and 54% for HeLa and PC-3, respectively, compared to free Dox. Further, DNA damage in HeLa cells was estimated using comet assay suggesting enhanced DNA damage (72%) with Dox-loaded PDMS NPs as compared to free Dox (12%). The therapeutic efficiency of PDMS-Dox drug delivery system was tested in prostate cancer (PC-3) xenografts in NOD/SCID mice which showed enhanced tumor reduction (∼66%) as compared to free Dox. Taken together, our PDMS-Dox delivery system shows efficient and enhanced transportation of Dox to tumor cells which can be harnessed to develop advanced chemotherapy-based approaches to treat prostate and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souryadeep Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipul Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering, Thematic Unit of Excellence in Soft Nanofabrication, ‡Material Science Programme, and §Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Srivastav AK, Kumar A, Prakash J, Singh D, Jagdale P, Shankar J, Kumar M. Genotoxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in Swiss mice after oral administration using chromosomal aberration, micronuclei, semen analysis, and RAPD profile. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:821-834. [PMID: 28950792 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717717842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The expanded uses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have grown rapidly in the field of nanotechnology. Thus, rising production of nanoparticles (NPs) increases the possible risks to the environment and occupationally exposed humans. Hence, it is indispensable to appraise the safety toxicity including genotoxicity for these NPs. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxic effect of ZnO NPs after oral administration to Swiss mice at dose levels of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. These doses were administered for 2 days at 24 h apart. Chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus tests were conducted following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. DNA damage was evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h posttreatment using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay; additionally, semen analyses were also performed at 34.5 days post oral exposure. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and CAs were increased ( p < 0.05) at the highest dosage (2000 mg/kg) of ZnO NPs compared to controls. Aberrant sperm morphology with reduced sperm count and motility were also present ( p < 0.05) in the high-dose group. Based on the RAPD assay, the genomic template stability within the high-dose group (<90%) was less than the controls (100%). The results suggested that ZnO NPs are mildly genotoxic in a dose-related manner and this toxicity were induced by generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Srivastav
- 1 Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,2 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- 3 Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- 2 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- 3 Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- 3 Central Pathology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jai Shankar
- 4 Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeo Kumar
- 1 Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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46
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhao B, Wu H, Yuan L, Zhang H, Dai W, He B, Xing G, Zhang Q, Wang X. Biosafety study and mechanism comparison on two types of silica with different nanostructures. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:487-498. [PMID: 30090517 PMCID: PMC6062300 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica is frequently used in oral drug delivery; however, its biosafety, particularly concerned with its nanostructure, has not been comprehensively studied yet. Here, the in vitro and in vivo biosafety of two types of silica (A200, nano-sized or micron-sized agglomerates; S350, micro-sized particles with nanopores) were compared and the possible reasons for the differences were explored. The results indicated that both A200 and S350 could inhibit the growth of Caco-2 cells by inducing apoptosis and changing the cell cycle progression. A200 showed a stronger influence than S350 in most of the in vitro experiments. In the in vivo study in KM mice, both A200 and S350 could change the blood constituents under the tested conditions; A200 also increased the levels of inflammatory factors in plasma and the numbers of CD4+ lymphocyte subsets. No obvious organic damage was observed in either the A200-treated or S350-treated groups. The transport study showed that neither A200 nor S350 were readily transported across the intestinal epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo, but A200 could transport across the lymphatic-associated epithelium and accumulate in the Peyer's Patches, which might explain the A200-induced immune response. The increased transport of A200 might relate to its particle size, dispersion state and specific surface area. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that A200 and S350 exhibited diverse biosafety aspects, which correlated with their different nanostructures. We believe this study will provide some scientific information about the biosafety of A200 and S350 for their applications in oral drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Hounan Wu
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China . ; Tel: +86-10-82805935
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Peanparkdee M, Iwamoto S, Yamauchi R. Preparation and Release Behavior of Gelatin-Based Capsules of Antioxidants from Ethanolic Extracts of Thai Riceberry Bran. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Shukla A, Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Singh S, Chidambram R. Nanotechnology towards prevention of anaemia and osteoporosis: from concept to market. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1335615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Shukla
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Ramalingam Chidambram
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Patel S, Patel P, Bakshi SR. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: an in vitro study of DNA binding, chromosome aberration assay, and comet assay. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:245-263. [PMID: 28050721 PMCID: PMC5366963 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are extensively used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other industries globally due to their unique properties, which has raised concern for biosafety. Genotoxicity assessment is an important part of biosafety evaluation; we report in vitro cytogenetic assays for NPs considering their unique physicochemical characteristics to fill the gap of laboratory data regarding biological safety along with mechanistic study for mode of interaction of NP with genetic material. Comet and chromosome aberration assay (CA assay) using short-term human peripheral blood cultures following exposure to TiO2 NPs; along with physicochemical parameters for stability of nano form in cultures; and DNA binding activity were carried out. The dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements revealed mono dispersion in media. The fluorescence spectroscopy for binding affinity of TiO2 NPs and human genomic DNA showed binding constant (Kb), 4.158 × 106 M-1 indicating strong binding affinity and negative ΔG0 value suggesting spontaneous DNA binding supporting its genotoxic potential. Following in vitro exposure to TiO2 NPs for 24 h, the cultures were analyzed for comet and CA assays, which showed significant results (p < 0.05) for % DNA intensity in tail, Olive Tail Moment and frequency of Chromosomal aberrations (CA) at 75 and 125 μM but not at 25 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhani Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
| | - Palak Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
| | - Sonal R. Bakshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
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50
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Gaurab R, Dattatrya S, Amit Y, Gopal C K. Nanomedicine. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine, an offshoot of nanotechnology, is considered as one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century. Due to their minute size, nanomedicines can easily target difficult-to-reach sites with improved solubility and bioavailability and reduced adverse effects. They also act as versatile delivery systems, carrying both chemotherapeutics and imaging agents to targeted sites. Hence, nanomedicine can be used to achieve the same therapeutic effect at smaller doses than their conventional counterparts and can offer impressive resolutions for various life-threatening diseases. Although certain issues have been raised about the potential toxicities of nanomaterials, it is anticipated that the advances in nanomedicine will furnish clarifications to many of modern medicine's unsolved problems. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive and contemporary survey of various nanomedicine products along with the major risks and side effects associated with the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Gaurab
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS) – Pune, India
| | | | - Yadav Amit
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS) – Pune, India
| | - Kundu Gopal C
- National Center for Cell Science (NCCS) – Pune, India
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