1
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Raman RKS, Sanjid A, Banerjee PC, Arya AK, Parmar R, Amati M, Gregoratti L. Remarkably Corrosion Resistant Graphene Coating on Steel Enabled Through Metallurgical Tailoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302498. [PMID: 37309278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene coatings developed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) that possess extraordinary/unique characteristics as barrier against aggressive environment can improve the corrosion resistance of Ni and Cu by up to two orders of magnitude. However, because of some compelling technical reasons, it has thus far been a nontrivial challenge to develop graphene coatings on the most commonly used engineering alloy, mild steel (MS). To circumvent the challenge simply by first electroplating MS with a Ni layer is attempted, and then developing CVD graphene over the Ni layer. However, this approach proved too simplistic and does not work. This necessitated an innovative surface modification of MS (based on basic metallurgical principles) that enabled successful CVD of graphene coating on MS. The graphene coating thus developed is demonstrated to improve the corrosion resistance of mild steel by two orders of magnitude in an aggressive chloride solution, through electrochemical testing. This improvement was not only sustained for the entire test duration of >1000 h; but there is a clear trend for the resistance to be possibly everlasting. The optimized surface modification that enabled development of CVD graphene coating on mild steel is generic in nature, and it should enable graphene coating on other alloy systems, which would otherwise not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Singh Raman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - A Sanjid
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Abhishek Kumar Arya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rahul Parmar
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
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2
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Arya AK, Singh Raman RK, Parmar R, Amati M, Gregoratti L, Saxena S. Graphene-Coated Ni-Cu Alloys for Durable Degradation Resistance of Bi-Polar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Remarkable Role of Alloy Composition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305320. [PMID: 37736693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar plates, a critical component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), are constructed out of alloys of Ti, Pt, Cr, or graphitic materials that have limitations. Electrical conductivity, cost, and corrosion resistance are among the critical considerations for bi-polar plate material. Graphene, which possesses impressive conductivity and toughness, is an attractive option as coating on metallic substrates of PEMFC bipolar plates. This study investigates corrosion resistance and its durability due to graphene developed by chemical vapor deposition on a pure Ni-Cu alloy and a commercial Ni-Cu alloy in 0.5 m H2SO4 environment, with a view to exploring use of graphene coated Ni-Cu alloys for the construction of PEMFC bipolar plates. The graphene coating on the pure alloy shows remarkably superior corrosion resistance than the commercial alloy that is attributed to the former's ability to develop considerably defect-free graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Arya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - R K Singh Raman
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rahul Parmar
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Sumit Saxena
- Nanostructures Engineering and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India
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3
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Li W, Liang F, Sun X, Zheng K, Liu R, Yuan H, Cheng S, Wang J, Cheng Y, Huang K, Wang K, Yang Y, Yang F, Tu C, Mao X, Yin W, Cai A, Wang X, Qi Y, Liu Z. Graphene-skinned alumina fiber fabricated through metalloid-catalytic graphene CVD growth on nonmetallic substrate and its mass production. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6825. [PMID: 39122739 PMCID: PMC11316083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene growth on widely used dielectrics/insulators via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a strategy toward transfer-free applications of CVD graphene for the realization of advanced composite materials. Here, we develop graphene-skinned alumina fibers/fabrics (GAFs/GAFFs) through graphene CVD growth on commercial alumina fibers/fabrics (AFs/AFFs). We reveal a vapor-surface-solid growth model on a non-metallic substrate, which is distinct from the well-established vapor-solid model on conventional non-catalytic non-metallic substrates, but bears a closer resemblance to that observed on catalytic metallic substrates. The metalloid-catalytic growth of graphene on AFs/AFFs resulted in reduced growth temperature (~200 °C lower) and accelerated growth rate (~3.4 times faster) compared to that obtained on a representative non-metallic counterpart, quartz fiber. The fabricated GAFF features a wide-range tunable electrical conductivity (1-15000 Ω sq-1), high tensile strength (>1.5 GPa), lightweight, flexibility, and a hierarchical macrostructure. These attributes are inherited from both graphene and AFF, making GAFF promising for various applications including electrical heating and electromagnetic interference shielding. Beyond laboratory level preparation, the stable mass production of large-scale GAFF has been achieved through a home-made roll-to-roll system with capacity of 468-93600 m2/year depending on product specifications, providing foundations for the subsequent industrialization of this material, enabling its widespread adoption in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Xiucai Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Kangyi Zheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Ce Tu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Mao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ali Cai
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
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4
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Song Q, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wu S, Yan X, He K, Gao G, Chen Q, Wang S. Site-Selective Synthesis of Bilayer Graphene on Cu Substrates Using Titanium as a Carbon Diffusion Barrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38355-38364. [PMID: 39011562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used method for graphene synthesis, but it struggles to produce large-area uniform bilayer graphene (BLG). This study introduces a novel approach to meet the demands of large-scale integrated circuit applications, challenging the conventional reliance on uniform BLG over extensive areas. We developed a unique method involving the direct growth of bilayer graphene arrays (BLGA) on Cu foil substrates using patterned titanium (Ti) as a diffusion barrier. The use of the Ti layer can effectively control carbon atom diffusion through the Cu foil without altering the growth conditions or compromising the graphene quality, thereby showcasing its versatility. The approach allows for targeted BLG growth and achieved a yield of 100% for a 10 × 10 BLG units array. Then a 10 × 10 BLG memristor array was fabricated, and a yield of 96% was achieved. The performances of these devices show good uniformity, evidenced by the set voltages concentrated around 4 V, and a high resistance state (HRS) to low resistance state (LRS) ratio predominantly around 107, reflecting the spatial uniformity of the prepared BLGA. This study provides insight into the BLG growth mechanism and opens new possibilities for BLG-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Su Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Guilong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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5
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Oh J, Park M, Kang Y, Ju SY. Real-Time Observation for MoS 2 Growth Kinetics and Mechanism Promoted by the Na Droplet. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19314-19323. [PMID: 39001854 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
While the molten salt-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is recognized for its effectiveness in producing large-area transition metal chalcogenides, understanding their growth mechanisms involving alkali metals remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the kinetics and mechanism of sodium-catalyzed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) growth and etching through image analysis conducted using an integrated CVD microscope. Sodium droplets, agglomerated via the thermal decomposition of the sodium cholate dispersant, catalyze the precipitation of supersaturated MoS2 laminates and induce growth despite fragmentation during this process. Triangular MoS2 crystals display a distinct self-exhausting exponential behavior and slow growth of thermodynamically favorable crystallographic faces, exhibiting a sulfur-dominant pressure. The growth and etching processes are facilitated by the scooting of sodium droplets along grain edges, displaying comparable rates. Leveraging these kinetics makes it possible to engineer atypical MoS2 shapes. This combined microscope not only enhances the understanding of growth mechanisms but also contributes to the facile development of next-generation nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonbeen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Yang M, Bai B, Bai H, Wei Z, Cao H, Zuo Z, Gao Z, Vinokurov VA, Zuo J, Wang Q, Huang W. On the nature of Cu-carbon interaction through N-modification for enhanced ethanol synthesis from syngas and methanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39027937 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Direct conversion of syngas into ethanol is an attractive process because of its short route and high-added value, but remains an enormous challenge due to the low selectivity caused by unclear active sites. Here, the Cu(111) supported N-modified graphene fragments C13-mNm/Cu(111) (m = 0-2) are demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for fabricating ethanol from syngas and methanol. Our results suggest that the Cu-carbon interaction not only facilitates CO activation, but also significantly affects the adsorption stability of C2 intermediates and finally changes the fundamental reaction mechanism. The impeded hydrogenation performance of C13/Cu(111) due to the introduced Cu-carbon interaction is dramatically improved by N-doping. Multiple analyses reveal that the promoted electron transfer and the enhanced electron endowing ability of C13-mNm/Cu(111) (m = 1-2) to the co-adsorbed CH3CHxOH (x = 0-1) and H are deemed to be mainly responsible for the remarkable enhancement in hydrogenation ability. From the standpoint of the frontier molecular orbital, the decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and the increased overlap extent of HOMO and LUMO with the doping of N atoms also further verify the more facile hydrogenation reactions. Clearly, the Cu-carbon interaction through N-modification is of critical importance in ethanol formation. The final hydrogenation reaction during ethanol formation is deemed to be the rate-controlling step. The insights gained here could shed new light on the nature of Cu-carbon interaction in carbon material modified Cu-based catalysts for ethanol synthesis, which could be extended to design and modify other metal-carbon catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhongzeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haojie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Vladimir A Vinokurov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Leninskiy prospect 65/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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7
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Yao J, Kim C, Nian Q, Kang W. Copper-Graphene Composite (CGC) Conductors: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Electrical Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403241. [PMID: 38984726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Improving the electrical performance of copper, the most widely used electrical conductor in the world is of vital importance to the progress of key technologies, including electric vehicles, portable devices, renewable energy, and power grids. Copper-graphene composite (CGC) stands out as the most promising candidate for high-performance electrical conductor applications. This can be attributed to the superior properties of graphene fillers embedded in CGC, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. This review highlights the recent progress of CGC conductors, including their fabrication processes, electrical performances, mechanisms of copper-graphene interplay, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yao
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chunghwan Kim
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wonmo Kang
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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8
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Huang K, Liang F, Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Z, Cheng S, Li W, Yuan H, Liu R, Ge Y, Cheng Y, Wang K, Jiang J, Yang Y, Ma M, Yang F, Tu C, Xie Q, Yin W, Wang X, Qi Y, Liu Z. Overcoming the Incompatibility Between Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Transmissivity: A Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric Design Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313752. [PMID: 38576272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional conductive materials such as metals are crucial functional components of conductive systems in diverse electronic instruments. However, their severe intrinsic impedance mismatch with air dielectric causes strong reflection of incident electromagnetic waves, and the resulting low electromagnetic transmissivity typically interferes with surrounding electromagnetic signal communications in modern multifunction-integrated instruments. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) that merges intrinsic electrical and electromagnetic properties of graphene with dielectric attributes and highly porous macrostructure of glass fiber fabric (GFF) is innovatively developed. Using a novel decoupling chemical vapor deposition growth strategy, high-quality and layer-limited graphene is prepared on noncatalytic nonmetallic GFF in a controlled manner; this is pivotal to realizing GGFF with the desired compatibility among high conductivity, low electromagnetic reflectivity, and high electromagnetic transmissivity. At the same sheet resistance over a wide range of values (250-3000 Ω·sq-1), the GGFF exhibits significantly lower electromagnetic reflectivity (by 0.42-0.51) and higher transmissivity (by 0.27-0.62) than those of its metal-based conductive counterpart (CuGFF). The material design strategy reported herein provides a constructive solution to eliminate the incompatibility between electrical conductivity and electromagnetic transmissivity faced by conventional conductive materials, spotlighting the applicability of GGFF in electric heating scenarios in radar, antenna, and stealth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Huang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qinchi Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Li
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yunsong Ge
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ce Tu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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9
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Amontree J, Yan X, DiMarco CS, Levesque PL, Adel T, Pack J, Holbrook M, Cupo C, Wang Z, Sun D, Biacchi AJ, Wilson-Stokes CE, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Dean CR, Hight Walker AR, Barmak K, Martel R, Hone J. Reproducible graphene synthesis by oxygen-free chemical vapour deposition. Nature 2024; 630:636-642. [PMID: 38811732 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) synthesis of graphene on copper has been broadly adopted since the first demonstration of this process1. However, widespread use of CVD-grown graphene for basic science and applications has been hindered by challenges with reproducibility2 and quality3. Here we identify trace oxygen as a key factor determining the growth trajectory and quality for graphene grown by low-pressure CVD. Oxygen-free chemical vapour deposition (OF-CVD) synthesis is fast and highly reproducible, with kinetics that can be described by a compact model, whereas adding trace oxygen leads to suppressed nucleation and slower/incomplete growth. Oxygen affects graphene quality as assessed by surface contamination, emergence of the Raman D peak and decrease in electrical conductivity. Epitaxial graphene grown in oxygen-free conditions is contamination-free and shows no detectable D peak. After dry transfer and boron nitride encapsulation, it shows room-temperature electrical-transport behaviour close to that of exfoliated graphene. A graphite-gated device shows well-developed integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. By highlighting the importance of eliminating trace oxygen, this work provides guidance for future CVD system design and operation. The increased reproducibility and quality afforded by OF-CVD synthesis will broadly influence basic research and applications of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Amontree
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xingzhou Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pierre L Levesque
- Infinite Potential Laboratories, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut Courtois, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tehseen Adel
- Quantum Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Pack
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian Cupo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dihao Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Biacchi
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Charlezetta E Wilson-Stokes
- Quantum Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela R Hight Walker
- Quantum Metrology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Katayun Barmak
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Richard Martel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Institut Courtois, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Kim JY, Chae OB, Kim G, Peterson AA, Wu M, Jung HT. Long-Range Uniform Deposition of Ag Nanoseed on Cu Current Collector for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307200. [PMID: 38197540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Uniform lithium deposition is essential to hinder dendritic growth. Achieving this demands even seed material distribution across the electrode, posing challenges in correlating the electrode's surface structure with the uniformity of seed material distribution. In this study, the effect of periodic surface and facet orientation on seed distribution is investigated using a model system consisting of a wrinkled copper (Cu)/graphene structure with a [100] facet orientation. A new methodology is developed for uniformly distributed silver (Ag) nanoparticles over a large area by controlling the surface features of Cu substrates. The regularly arranged Ag nanoparticles, with a diameter of 26.4 nm, are fabricated by controlling the Cu surface condition as [100]-oriented wrinkled Cu. The wrinkled Cu guides a deposition site for spherical Ag nanoparticles, the [100] facet determines the Ag morphology, and the presence of graphene leads to spacings of Ag seeds. This patterned surface and high lithiophilicity, with homogeneously distributed Ag nanoparticles, lead to uniform Li+ flux and reduced nucleation energy barrier, resulting in excellent battery performance. The electrochemical measurements exhibit improved cyclic stability over 260 cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 100 cycles at 1.0 mA cm-2 and enhanced kinetics even under a high current density of 5.0 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ye Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Oh B Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Gukbo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Andrew A Peterson
- Department of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Mihye Wu
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gejeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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11
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Rein V, Gao H, Heenen HH, Sghaier W, Manikas AC, Tsakonas C, Saedi M, Margraf JT, Galiotis C, Renaud G, Konovalov OV, Groot IMN, Reuter K, Jankowski M. Operando Characterization and Molecular Simulations Reveal the Growth Kinetics of Graphene on Liquid Copper During Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12503-12511. [PMID: 38688475 PMCID: PMC11100484 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, liquid metal catalysts have emerged as a compelling choice for the controllable, large-scale, and high-quality synthesis of two-dimensional materials. At present, there is little mechanistic understanding of the intricate catalytic process, though, of its governing factors or what renders it superior to growth at the corresponding solid catalysts. Here, we report on a combined experimental and computational study of the kinetics of graphene growth during chemical vapor deposition on a liquid copper catalyst. By monitoring the growing graphene flakes in real time using in situ radiation-mode optical microscopy, we explore the growth morphology and kinetics over a wide range of CH4-to-H2 pressure ratios and deposition temperatures. Constant growth rates of the flakes' radius indicate a growth mode limited by precursor attachment, whereas methane-flux-dependent flake shapes point to limited precursor availability. Large-scale free energy simulations enabled by an efficient machine-learning moment tensor potential trained to density functional theory data provide quantitative barriers for key atomic-scale growth processes. The wealth of experimental and theoretical data can be consistently combined into a microkinetic model that reveals mixed growth kinetics that, in contrast to the situation at solid Cu, is partly controlled by precursor attachment alongside precursor availability. Key mechanistic aspects that directly point toward the improved graphene quality are a largely suppressed carbon dimer attachment due to the facile incorporation of this precursor species into the liquid surface and a low-barrier ring-opening process that self-heals 5-membered rings resulting from remaining dimer attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rein
- ESRF
− The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Hao Gao
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik H. Heenen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wissal Sghaier
- University
of Grenoble Alpes and CEA, IRIG/MEM/NRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anastasios C. Manikas
- FORTH/ICE-HT
and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Tsakonas
- FORTH/ICE-HT
and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Mehdi Saedi
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Physics
Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- University
of Bayreuth, Bavarian Center
for Battery Technology (BayBatt), Weiherstraße 26, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Costas Galiotis
- FORTH/ICE-HT
and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Gilles Renaud
- University
of Grenoble Alpes and CEA, IRIG/MEM/NRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Oleg V. Konovalov
- ESRF
− The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- ESRF
− The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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12
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Qing F, Guo X, Hou Y, Ning C, Wang Q, Li X. Toward the Production of Super Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310678. [PMID: 38708801 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The quality requirements of graphene depend on the applications. Some have a high tolerance for graphene quality and even require some defects, while others require graphene as perfect as possible to achieve good performance. So far, synthesis of large-area graphene films by chemical vapor deposition of carbon precursors on metal substrates, especially on Cu, remains the main way to produce high-quality graphene, which has been significantly developed in the past 15 years. However, although many prototypes are demonstrated, their performance is still more or less far from the theoretical property limit of graphene. This review focuses on how to make super graphene, namely graphene with a perfect structure and free of contaminations. More specially, this study focuses on graphene synthesis on Cu substrates. Typical defects in graphene are first discussed together with the formation mechanisms and how they are characterized normally, followed with a brief review of graphene properties and the effects of defects. Then, the synthesis progress of super graphene from the aspects of substrate, grain size, wrinkles, contamination, adlayers, and point defects are reviewed. Graphene transfer is briefly discussed as well. Finally, the challenges to make super graphene are discussed and a strategy is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuting Hou
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Congcong Ning
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qisong Wang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
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13
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Park J, Kwak SJ, Kang S, Oh S, Shin B, Noh G, Kim TS, Kim C, Park H, Oh SH, Kang W, Hur N, Chai HJ, Kang M, Kwon S, Lee J, Lee Y, Moon E, Shi C, Lou J, Lee WB, Kwak JY, Yang H, Chung TM, Eom T, Suh J, Han Y, Jeong HY, Kim Y, Kang K. Area-selective atomic layer deposition on 2D monolayer lateral superlattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2138. [PMID: 38459015 PMCID: PMC10924103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The advanced patterning process is the basis of integration technology to realize the development of next-generation high-speed, low-power consumption devices. Recently, area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD), which allows the direct deposition of target materials on the desired area using a deposition barrier, has emerged as an alternative patterning process. However, the AS-ALD process remains challenging to use for the improvement of patterning resolution and selectivity. In this study, we report a superlattice-based AS-ALD (SAS-ALD) process using a two-dimensional (2D) MoS2-MoSe2 lateral superlattice as a pre-defining template. We achieved a minimum half pitch size of a sub-10 nm scale for the resulting AS-ALD on the 2D superlattice template by controlling the duration time of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors. SAS-ALD introduces a mechanism that enables selectivity through the adsorption and diffusion processes of ALD precursors, distinctly different from conventional AS-ALD method. This technique facilitates selective deposition even on small pattern sizes and is compatible with the use of highly reactive precursors like trimethyl aluminum. Moreover, it allows for the selective deposition of a variety of materials, including Al2O3, HfO2, Ru, Te, and Sb2Se3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Kwak
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Oh
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongki Shin
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gichang Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonbin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Oh
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namwook Hur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Chai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdae Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoon Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eoram Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuqiao Shi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Kwak
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Mo Chung
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonki Suh
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - YongJoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Park J, Lee S, Jafter OF, Cheon J, Lungerich D. Electron beam-induced demetallation of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, and Pt metalloporphyrins: insights in e-beam chemistry and metal cluster formations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8051-8061. [PMID: 38314818 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Electron beams are versatile tools for nanoscale fabrication processes, however, the underlying e-beam chemistry remains in its infancy. Through operando transmission electron microscopy investigations, we elucidate a redox-driven cargo release of individual metal atoms triggered by electron beams. The chosen organic delivery molecule, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), proves highly versatile, forming complexes with nearly all metals from the periodic table and being easily processed in solution. A comprehensive cinematographic analysis of the dynamics of single metal atoms confirms the nearly instantaneous ejection of complexed metal atoms under an 80 kV electron beam, underscoring the system's broad versatility. Providing mechanistic insights, we employ density functional theory to support the proposed reductive demetallation pathway facilitated by secondary electrons, contributing novel perspectives to electron beam-mediated chemical reaction mechanisms. Lastly, our findings demonstrate that all seven metals investigated form nanoclusters once ejected from TPP, highlighting the method's potential for studying and developing sustainable single-atom and nanocluster catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseong Park
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sol Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Orein Francis Jafter
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Liu B, Ma S. Precise synthesis of graphene by chemical vapor deposition. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4407-4433. [PMID: 38291992 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Graphene, a typical representative of the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, possesses a series of phenomenal physical properties. To date, numerous inspiring discoveries have been made on its structures, properties, characterization, synthesis, transfer and applications. The real practical applications of this magic material indeed require large-scale synthesis and precise control over its structures, such as size, crystallinity, layer number, stacking order, edge type and contamination levels. Nonetheless, studies on the precise synthesis of graphene are far from satisfactory currently. Our review aims to deal with the precise synthesis of four critical graphene structures, including single-crystal graphene (SCG), AB-stacked bilayer graphene (AB-BLG), etched graphene and clean graphene. Meanwhile, existing problems and future directions in the precise synthesis of graphene are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China.
| | - Siguang Ma
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China.
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16
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Goethem CV, Shen Y, Chi HY, Mensi M, Zhao K, Nijmeijer A, Just PE, Agrawal KV. Advancing Molecular Sieving via Å-Scale Pore Tuning in Bottom-Up Graphene Synthesis. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38324377 PMCID: PMC10883125 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Porous graphene films are attractive as a gas separation membrane given that the selective layer can be just one atom thick, allowing high-flux separation. A favorable aspect of porous graphene is that the pore size, essentially gaps created by lattice defects, can be tuned. While this has been demonstrated for postsynthetic, top-down pore etching in graphene, it does not exist in the more scalable, bottom-up synthesis of porous graphene. Inspired by the mechanism of precipitation-based synthesis of porous graphene over catalytic nickel foil, we herein conceive an extremely simple way to tune the pore size. This is implemented by increasing the cooling rate by over 100-fold from -1 °C min-1 to over -5 °C s-1. Rapid cooling restricts carbon diffusion, resulting in a higher availability of dissolved carbon for precipitation, as evidenced by quantitative carbon-diffusion simulation, measurement of carbon concentration as a function of nickel depth, and imaging of the graphene nanostructure. The resulting enhanced grain (inter)growth reduces the effective pore size which leads to an increase of the H2/CH4 separation factor from 6.2 up to 53.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Van Goethem
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yueqing Shen
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Heng-Yu Chi
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- X-ray Diffraction and Surface Analytics Platform (XRD-SAP), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-Valais Wallis), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Arian Nijmeijer
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inorganic Membranes, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Just
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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17
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Li H, Yang J, Ma Y, Liu G, Xu X, Huo Z, Chen J, Li J, Zhang W, Wang K, Chen L, Xiao X. Monolayer Borophene Formation on Cu(111) Surface Triggered by ⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ Step Edge. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303502. [PMID: 37840447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, a promising material with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and sensors, is successfully grown as a monolayer on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Au(111) surfaces using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of two-dimensional borophene on Ag(111) and Au(111) is proposed to occur via surface adsorption and boron segregation, respectively. However, the growth mode of borophene on Cu(111) remains unclear. To elucidate this, scanning tunneling microscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations is used to study the phase transformation of boron nanostructures under post-annealing treatments. Results show that by elevating the substrate temperature, boron nanostructures undergo an evolution from amorphous boron to striped-phase borophene (η = 1/6) adhering to the Cu⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ step edge, and finally to irregularly shaped β-type borophene (η = 5/36) either on the substrate surface or embedded in the topmost Cu layer. dI/dV spectra recorded near the borophene/Cu lateral interfaces indicate that the striped-phase borophene is a metastable phase, requiring more buckling and electron transfer to stabilize the crystal structure. These findings offer not only an in-depth comprehension of the β-type borophene formation on Cu(111), but also hold potential for enabling borophene synthesis on weakly-binding semiconducting or insulating substrates with 1D active defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Huo
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang C, Jiao X, Wang Y, Ma K, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Wang H. An Ultra-Low-Temperature Alternating Current Filter. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305949. [PMID: 37658496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional alternating current filter based on aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) suffer from abrupt drop of filtering capability at ultra-low temperatures (≤-30 °C), which greatly hinders the reliable working of electronics at extremely cold conditions. Herein, an ultra-low-temperature alternating current (AC) filter for the first time enabled by high-frequency supercapacitor based on covalently bonded hollow carbon onion-graphene hybrid structure is reported. It is found that the covalent bonding junctions enable high electronic conductivity and efficient ion adsorption/desorption behavior in the hybrid structure. Moreover, the hybrid structure owns positive curvature and shallows pores for fast ion diffusion kinetics. Consequently, the supercapacitor exhibits a record short resistor-capacitor time constant (τRC ) of 0.098 ms at 120 Hz at room temperature. Combining with low-melting-point electrolyte, the supercapacitor possesses excellent filtering capability and can output stable direct current signal with low fluctuation coefficients in a temperature range of -50 to 0 °C. More interestingly, the filter presents high negative phase angle, low dissipation factor, short τRC , and high capacitance retention below -30 °C, whereas AEC cannot work properly owing to its phase angle<45°. This work realizes the fabrication of an ultra-low-temperature AC filter, which presents a critical step forward for promoting the development of ultra-low-temperature electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yongchang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials & Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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19
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Kim KW, Park B, Kim J, Seok H, Kim T, Jo C, Kim JK. Block Copolymer-Directed Facile Synthesis of N-Doped Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon for Reliable, High-Performance Zn Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:57905-57912. [PMID: 37040434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are promising materials for cathode materials of a Zn ion hybrid capacitor (Zn HC) due to their high surface area and interconnected porous structure. Graphitization of the framework and nitrogen doping have been used to improve the energy storage performance of the OMCs by enhancing electrical conductivity, pseudocapacitive reaction sites, and surface affinity toward aqueous electrolytes. Thus, when both methods are simultaneously implemented to the OMCs, the Zn HC would have improved energy storage performance. Herein, we introduce a facile synthetic method for N-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon (N-mgc) by utilizing polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinlypyridine) copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) as both soft-template and carbon/nitrogen sources. Co-assembly of PS-b-P2VP with Ni precursors for graphitization formed a mesostructured composite, which was converted to N-doped graphitic carbon through catalytic pyrolysis. After selective removal of Ni, N-mgc was prepared. The obtained N-mgc exhibited interconnected mesoporous structure with high nitrogen content and high surface area. When N-mgc was employed as a cathode material in Zn ion HC, excellent energy storage performance was achieved: a high specific capacitance (43 F/g at 0.2 A/g), a high energy density of 19.4 Wh/kg at a power density of 180 W/kg, and reliable cycle stability (>3000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Woo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Seok
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hybrid Nano Materials by High-level Architectural Design of Block Copolymer, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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20
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Yu R, Du K, Deng B, Yin H, Wang D. Unraveling the role of substrate materials in governing the carbon/carbide growth of molten carbonate electrolysis of CO 2. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18707-18715. [PMID: 37953684 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The interface interaction between deposited carbon and metallic electrode substrates in tuning the growth of CO2-derived products (e.g., amorphous carbon, graphite, carbide) is mostly unexplored for the high-temperature molten-salt electrolysis of CO2. Herein, the carbon deposition on different transition-metal cathodes was performed to reveal the role of substrate materials in the growth of cathodic products. At the initial stage of electrolysis, transition metals (e.g., Cr, Fe, Ni, and Co) that exhibit appropriate carbon-binding ability (in range of -30 to 60 kJ mol-1) allow carbon diffusing into and then dissociating from metal to form graphite, as the carbon-binding ability can be determined by the Gibbs free energy of formation of metallic carbides. The catalytic cathodes showing super strong (e.g., Ti, V, Mo, and W) or weak (e.g., Cu) carbon-binding ability produce stable carbides or amorphous carbon, respectively. However, the subsequent deposited carbon is immune to the catalysis of the substrate, forming amorphous carbon nanoparticles and nanofibers on the surface of carbides and graphite, respectively. This paper not only highlights the role of the catalytic cathodes for carbon deposition, but also offers a material selection principle for the controllable growth of CO2-derived products in molten salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Kaifa Du
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bowen Deng
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Huayi Yin
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Dihua Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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21
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Hong HC, Ryu JI, Lee HC. Recent Understanding in the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Multilayer Graphene: Controlling Uniformity, Thickness, and Stacking Configuration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2217. [PMID: 37570535 PMCID: PMC10421010 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer graphene has attracted significant attention because its physical properties can be tuned by stacking its layers in a particular configuration. To apply the intriguing properties of multilayer graphene in various optoelectronic or spintronic devices, it is essential to develop a synthetic method that enables the control of the stacking configuration. This review article presents the recent progress in the synthesis of multilayer graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). First, we discuss the CVD of multilayer graphene, utilizing the precipitation or segregation of carbon atoms from metal catalysts with high carbon solubility. Subsequently, we present novel CVD approaches to yield uniform and thickness-controlled multilayer graphene, which goes beyond the conventional precipitation or segregation methods. Finally, we introduce the latest studies on the control of stacking configurations in bilayer graphene during CVD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
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22
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Esmaeilpour M, Bügel P, Fink K, Studt F, Wenzel W, Kozlowska M. Multiscale Model of CVD Growth of Graphene on Cu(111) Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108563. [PMID: 37239915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its outstanding properties, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising 2D materials in a large variety of research fields. Among the available fabrication protocols, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables the production of high quality single-layered large area graphene. To better understand the kinetics of CVD graphene growth, multiscale modeling approaches are sought after. Although a variety of models have been developed to study the growth mechanism, prior studies are either limited to very small systems, are forced to simplify the model to eliminate the fast process, or they simplify reactions. While it is possible to rationalize these approximations, it is important to note that they have non-trivial consequences on the overall growth of graphene. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the kinetics of graphene growth in CVD remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a kinetic Monte Carlo protocol that permits, for the first time, the representation of relevant reactions on the atomic scale, without additional approximations, while still reaching very long time and length scales of the simulation of graphene growth. The quantum-mechanics-based multiscale model, which links kinetic Monte Carlo growth processes with the rates of occurring chemical reactions, calculated from first principles makes it possible to investigate the contributions of the most important species in graphene growth. It permits the proper investigation of the role of carbon and its dimer in the growth process, thus indicating the carbon dimer to be the dominant species. The consideration of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions enables us to correlate the quality of the material grown within the CVD control parameters and to demonstrate an important role of these reactions in the quality of the grown graphene in terms of its surface roughness, hydrogenation sites, and vacancy defects. The model developed is capable of providing additional insights to control the graphene growth mechanism on Cu(111), which may guide further experimental and theoretical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Esmaeilpour
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Bügel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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23
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Li N, Shi R, Li Y, Qi R, Liu F, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li Y, Guo X, Liu K, Jiang Y, Li XZ, Chen J, Liu L, Wang EG, Gao P. Phonon transition across an isotopic interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2382. [PMID: 37185918 PMCID: PMC10130007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Isotopic mixtures result in distinct properties of materials such as thermal conductivity and nuclear process. However, the knowledge of isotopic interface remains largely unexplored mainly due to the challenges in atomic-scale isotopic identification. Here, using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we reveal momentum-transfer-dependent phonon behavior at the h-10BN/h-11BN isotope heterostructure with sub-unit-cell resolution. We find the phonons' energy changes gradually across the interface, featuring a wide transition regime. Phonons near the Brillouin zone center have a transition regime of ~3.34 nm, whereas phonons at the Brillouin zone boundary have a transition regime of ~1.66 nm. We propose that the isotope-induced charge effect at the interface accounts for the distinct delocalization behavior. Moreover, the variation of phonon energy between atom layers near the interface depends on both of momentum transfer and mass change. This study provides new insights into the isotopic effects in natural materials.
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Grants
- the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52125307, 11974023, 52021006,T2188101), and the “2011 Program” from the Peking-Tsinghua-IOP Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter.
- the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52025023), Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2021B0301030002) to K.L.
- National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1400500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974024, 92165101),the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. XDB33000000
- National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1400500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932153, 11974001)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ruishi Qi
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fachen Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhetong Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehui Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Material Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Material Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Material Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808, Dongguan, China.
- School of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, China.
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24
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Xin X, Chen J, Ma L, Ma T, Xin W, Xu H, Ren W, Liu Y. Grain Size Engineering of CVD-Grown Large-Area Graphene Films. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300156. [PMID: 37075746 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted much attention because of its outstanding properties hold great promise for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films (GFs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are highly desirable for both investigating their intrinsic properties and realizing their practical applications. However, the presence of grain boundaries (GBs) has significant impacts on their properties and related applications. According to the different grain sizes, GFs can be divided into polycrystalline, single-crystal, and nanocrystalline films. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in engineering the grain sizes of GFs by modifying the CVD processes or developing some new growth approaches. The key strategies involve controlling the nucleation density, growth rate, and grain orientation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of grain size engineering research of GFs. The main strategies and underlying growth mechanisms of CVD-grown large-area GFs with nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and single-crystal structures are summarized, in which the advantages and limitations are highlighted. In addition, the scaling law of physical properties in electricity, mechanics, and thermology as a function of grain sizes are briefly discussed. Finally, the perspectives for challenges and future development in this area are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Laipeng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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25
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Polyakova PV, Baimova JA. Mechanical Properties of Graphene Networks under Compression: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076691. [PMID: 37047664 PMCID: PMC10095480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study and compare the mechanical properties obtained from compression and tension numerical tests of multilayered graphene with an increased interlayer distance. The multilayer graphene with an interlayer distance two-times larger than in graphite is studied first under biaxial compression and then under uniaxial tension along three different axes. The mechanical properties, e.g., the tensile strength and ductility as well as the deformation characteristics due to graphene layer stacking, are studied. The results show that the mechanical properties along different directions are significantly distinguished. Two competitive mechanisms are found both for the compression and tension of multilayer graphene—the crumpling of graphene layers increases the stresses, while the sliding of graphene layers through the surface-to-surface connection lowers it. Multilayer graphene after biaxial compression can sustain high tensile stresses combined with high plasticity. The main outcome of the study of such complex architecture is an important step towards the design of advanced carbon nanomaterials with improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina V. Polyakova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS, Khalturina St., 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia
| | - Julia A. Baimova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of RAS, Khalturina St., 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia
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Hu L, Dong Y, Xie Y, Qian F, Chang P, Fan M, Deng J, Xu C. In Situ Growth of Graphene Catalyzed by a Phase-Change Material at 400 °C for Wafer-Scale Optoelectronic Device Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206738. [PMID: 36592430 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal foil catalysts in the chemical vapor deposition of graphene films makes graphene transfer an ineluctable part of graphene device fabrication, which greatly limits industrialization. Here, an oxide phase-change material (V2 O5 ) is found to have the same catalytic effect on graphene growth as conventional metals. A uniform large-area graphene film can be obtained on a 10 nm V2 O5 film. Density functional theory is used to quantitatively analyze the catalytic effect of V2 O5 . Due to the high resistance property of V2 O5 at room temperature, the obtained graphene can be directly used in devices with V2 O5 as an intercalation layer. A wafer-scale graphene-V2 O5 -Si (GVS) Schottky photodetector array is successfully fabricated. When illuminated by a 792 nm laser, the responsivity of the photodetector can reach 266 mA W-1 at 0 V bias and 420 mA W-1 at 2 V. The transfer-free device fabrication process enables high feasibility for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Fengsong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100124, China
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Mei J, Qiu Z, Gao T, Wu Q, Zheng F, Jiang J, Liu K, Huang Y, Wang H, Li Q. Insights into the Conductive Network of Electrochemical Exfoliation with Graphite Powder as Starting Raw Material for Graphene Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4413-4426. [PMID: 36922738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical exfoliation starting with graphite powder as the raw material for graphene production shows superiority in cost effectiveness over the popular bulk graphite. However, the crucial conductive network inside the graphite powder electrode along with its formation and influence mechanisms remains blank. Here, an adjustable-pressure graphite powder electrode with a sandwich structure was designed for this. Appropriate encapsulation pressure is necessary and conducive to constructing a continuous and stable conductive network, but overloaded encapsulation pressure is detrimental to the exfoliation and graphene quality. With an initial encapsulation pressure (IEP) of 4 kPa, the graphite powders expand rapidly to a final stable expansion pressure of 49 kPa with a final graphene yield of 46.3%, where 84% of the graphene sheets are less than 4 layers with ID/IG values between 0.22 and 1.24. Increasing the IEP to 52 kPa, the expansion pressure increases to 73 kPa, but the graphene yield decreases to 39.3% with a worse graphene quality including higher layers and ID/IG values of 1.68-2.13. In addition, small-size graphite powders are not suitable for the electrochemical exfoliation. With the particle size decreasing from 50 to 325 mesh, the graphene yield decreases almost linearly from 46.3% to 5.5%. Conductive network and electrolyte migration synergize and constrain each other, codetermining the electrochemical exfoliation. Within an encapsulated structure, the electrochemical exfoliation of the graphite powder electrode proceeds from the outside to the inside. The insights revealed here will provide direction for further development of electrochemical exfoliation of graphite powder to produce graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mei
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Teng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Juantao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Kui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Youguo Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, Guangxi Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Pilot Research Base of Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
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Feng P, Zhang D, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gan Y. Nanoscale characterization of the heterogeneous interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu based on a SEM electron beam induced reduction effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8816-8825. [PMID: 36916298 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/metal is a challenging task using conventional spectroscopy techniques because interfacial oxidation is heterogeneous at the nanoscale underneath the graphene. Here we developed a feasible method for nanoscale characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of graphene/Cu (Gr/Cu) based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron beam irradiation (EBI) induced reduction of interfacial oxides (SEM EBI-RIO method) at room temperature. The change in the thickness and coverage of the interfacial Cu oxide layer induced by EBI is responsible for the observed contrast reversal or change in SEM images of a targeted area with a width down to 200 nm in the EBI time scale of seconds to minutes. This method offers the capability of mapping heterogeneous interfacial oxidation of Gr/Cu with sub-100 nm spatial resolution and determining the range of thickness (1-5 nm) of the interfacial oxide layer. The SEM EBI-RIO method will be a powerful method to complement X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for characterization of the interfacial oxidation layer of 2D materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Manufacturing Engineering for Aviation and Aerospace, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Materials Physics and Chemistry Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Kim J, Singh SK, Liu Q, Leon CC, Ceyer ST. Formation of Graphene on Gold-Nickel Surface Alloys. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6299-6309. [PMID: 36913359 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni)-catalyzed growth of a single- or rotated-graphene layer is a well-established process above 800 K. In this report, a Au-catalyzed, low-temperature, and facile route at 500 K for graphene formation is described. The substantially lower temperature is enabled by the presence of a surface alloy of Au atoms embedded within Ni(111), which catalyzes the outward segregation of carbon atoms buried in the Ni bulk at temperatures as low as 400-450 K. The resulting surface-bound carbon in turn coalesces into graphene above 450-500 K. Control experiments on a Ni(111) surface show no evidence of carbon segregation or graphene formation at these temperatures. Graphene is identified by its out-of-plane optical phonon mode at 750 cm-1 and its longitudinal/transverse optical phonon modes at 1470 cm-1 while surface carbon is identified by its C-Ni stretch mode at 540 cm-1, as probed by high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Dispersion measurements of the phonon modes confirm the presence of graphene. Graphene formation is observed to be maximum at 0.4 ML Au coverage. The results of these systematic molecular-level investigations open the door to graphene synthesis at the low temperatures required for integration with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Santosh K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - S T Ceyer
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Li R, Yang X, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Amorphous Carbon to Graphene for Achieving Superlubricity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206580. [PMID: 36642795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state conversion of amorphous carbon into graphene is extremely difficult, but it can be achieved in the friction experiments that induce macroscale superlubricity. However, the underlying conversion mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the friction experiments with Cu nanoparticles and (non-hydrogen (H) or H) a-C in vacuum, show the H-induced conversion of mechanical to chemical wear, resulting in the a-C's tribosoftening and nanofragmentating that produce hydrocarbon nanoclusters or molecules. It is such exactly hydrocarbon species that yield graphene at hydrogen-rich a-C friction interface, through reaction of them with Cu nanoparticles. In comparison, graphene isn't formed at Cu/non-H a-C friction interface. Atomistic simulations reveal the hydrogen-enhanced tribochemical decomposition of a-C and demonstrate the energetically favorable graphitization transformation of hydrocarbons on Cu substrates. The findings are of importance to achieve solid-state transformation between different carbon allotropes and provide a good strategy to synthesize other graphitic encapsulated catalysts with doped elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
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Qu J, Li S, Zhong B, Deng Z, Shu Y, Yang X, Cai Y, Hu J, Li CM. Two-dimensional nanomaterials: synthesis and applications in photothermal catalysis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2455-2469. [PMID: 36655847 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal catalysis, as one of the emerging technologies with synergistic effects of photochemistry and thermochemistry, is highly attractive in the fields of environment and energy. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have received extensive attention toward photothermal catalysis because of their ultrathin layer structures, superior physical and optical properties, and high surface areas. These merits are beneficial for shortening the transfer distance of charge carriers, improving the efficiency of solar to thermal, and providing a great opportunity for the development of photothermal chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the state-of-art advances in various 2D nanomaterials with emphasis on the driving force and relevant mechanism of photothermal catalysis, including the involved three types, namely, localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR), nonradiative relaxation, and thermal vibrations of molecules. Moreover, the synthesis strategies of 2D materials and their photothermal applications in carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion, hydrogen (H2) production, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) degradation, and water (H2O) purification have been discussed in detail. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospects of future development in the field are proposed. It is believed that this review will afford a great reference for the exploration of the high-efficiency 2D nanomaterials and their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Songqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Bailing Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yinying Shu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yahui Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Jundie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chang Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Li M, Yin B, Gao C, Guo J, Zhao C, Jia C, Guo X. Graphene: Preparation, tailoring, and modification. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210233. [PMID: 37323621 PMCID: PMC10190957 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material with fruitful electrical properties, which can be efficiently prepared, tailored, and modified for a variety of applications, particularly in the field of optoelectronic devices thanks to its planar hexagonal lattice structure. To date, graphene has been prepared using a variety of bottom-up growth and top-down exfoliation techniques. To prepare high-quality graphene with high yield, a variety of physical exfoliation methods, such as mechanical exfoliation, anode bonding exfoliation, and metal-assisted exfoliation, have been developed. To adjust the properties of graphene, different tailoring processes have been emerged to precisely pattern graphene, such as gas etching and electron beam lithography. Due to the differences in reactivity and thermal stability of different regions, anisotropic tailoring of graphene can be achieved by using gases as the etchant. To meet practical requirements, further chemical functionalization at the edge and basal plane of graphene has been extensively utilized to modify its properties. The integration and application of graphene devices is facilitated by the combination of graphene preparation, tailoring, and modification. This review focuses on several important strategies for graphene preparation, tailoring, and modification that have recently been developed, providing a foundation for its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bing Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Guo
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Single‐Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
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Mahalingam S, Omar A, Manap A, Rahim NA. Synthesis and applications of carbon-polymer composites and nanocomposite functional materials. FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM CARBON, INORGANIC, AND ORGANIC SOURCES 2023:71-105. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85788-8.00020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ci H, Chen J, Ma H, Sun X, Jiang X, Liu K, Shan J, Lian X, Jiang B, Liu R, Liu B, Yang G, Yin W, Zhao W, Huang L, Gao T, Sun J, Liu Z. Transfer-Free Quasi-Suspended Graphene Grown on a Si Wafer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206389. [PMID: 36208081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of graphene affording wafer-scale uniformity on insulators is paramount to electronic and optoelectronic applications; however, it remains a challenge to date, because it entails an entirely different growth mode than that over metals. Herein, the metal-catalyst-free growth of quasi-suspended graphene on a Si wafer is demonstrated using an interface-decoupling chemical vapor deposition strategy. The employment of lower-than-conventional H2 dosage and concurrent introduction of methanol during growth can effectively weaken the interaction between the synthesized graphene and the underlying substrate. The growth mode can be thus fine-tuned, producing a predominantly monolayer graphene film with wafer-level homogeneity. Graphene thus grown on a 4 inch Si wafer enables the transfer-free fabrication of high-performance graphene-based field-effect transistor arrays that exhibit almost no shift in the charge neutral point, indicating a quasi-suspended feature of the graphene. Moreover, a carrier mobility up to 15 000 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be attained. This study is anticipated to offer meaningful insights into the synthesis of wafer-scale high-quality graphene on dielectrics for practical graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Ci
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kaicong Liu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Shan
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Lian
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Guiqi Yang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Teng Gao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Qian F, Deng J, Dong Y, Xu C, Hu L, Fu G, Chang P, Xie Y, Sun J. Transfer-Free CVD Growth of High-Quality Wafer-Scale Graphene at 300 °C for Device Mass Fabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53174-53182. [PMID: 36383777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct chemical vapor deposition of graphene on semiconductors and insulators provides high feasibility for integration of graphene devices and semiconductor electronics. However, the current methods typically rely on high temperatures (>1000 °C), which can damage the substrates. Here, a growth method for high-quality large-area graphene at 300 °C is introduced. A multizone furnace with gradient temperature control was designed according to a computational fluid dynamics model. The crucial roles of the chamber pressure in the film continuity and hydrogen composition in the graphene defect density at low temperature were revealed. As a result, a uniform graphene film with the Raman ratio ID/IG = 0.08 was obtained. Furthermore, a technique of laminating single-crystal Cu foil as a sacrificial layer on the substrate was proposed to realize transfer-free growth, and a wafer-scale graphene transistor array was demonstrated with good performance consistency, which paves the way for mass fabrication of graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai200093, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Liangchen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Fert Beijing Institute and School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing100124, China
| | - Jie Sun
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350100, China
- Mindu Innovation Laboratory, Fuzhou350100, China
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37
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Tanaka T, Kurihara M, Kuwahara M, Kuwahara S. Copper sulfide nanoribbon growth triggered by carbon nanotube aggregation via dialysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31363-31368. [PMID: 36349000 PMCID: PMC9627581 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of copper sulfide (Cu x S) nanoribbons, a class of Cu x S nanomaterials, was achieved by the aggregation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via a dialysis process. The obtained nanoribbon structure and its constituent elements on a film of SWCNT aggregates were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmittance electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The subsequently obtained TEM images and Raman spectra revealed that nucleus synthesis and subsequent growth of Cu x S nanoribbons occurred during the aggregation of SWCNTs. The growth procedure described in this work provides an approach for the wet chemical synthesis of metal sulfide nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University2-2-1 MiyamaFunabashi274-8510ChibaJapan
| | - Misaki Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University2-2-1 MiyamaFunabashi274-8510ChibaJapan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Engineering and Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8603Japan
| | - Shota Kuwahara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University2-2-1 MiyamaFunabashi274-8510ChibaJapan
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38
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Zhao Q, Yamamoto M, Yamazaki K, Nishihara H, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D. The carbon chain growth during the onset of CVD graphene formation on γ-Al 2O 3 is promoted by unsaturated CH 2 ends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23357-23366. [PMID: 36165844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition of methane onto a template of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles is a prominent synthetic strategy of graphene meso-sponge, a new class of nano porous carbon materials consisting of single-layer graphene walls. However, the elementary steps controlling the early stages of graphene growth on Al2O3 surfaces are still not well understood. In this study, density functional theory calculations provide insights into the initial stages of graphene growth. We have modelled the mechanism of CH4 dissociation on the (111), (110), (100), and (001) γ-Al2O3 surfaces. Subsequently, we have considered the reaction pathway leading to the formation of a C6 ring. The γ-Al2O3(110) and γ-Al2O3(100) are both active for CH4 dissociation, but the (100) surface has higher catalytic activity towards the carbon growth reaction. The overall mechanism involves the formation of the reactive intermediate CH2* that then can couple to form CnH2n* (n = 2-6) intermediates with unsaturated CH2 ends. The formation of these species, which are not bound to the surface-active sites, promotes the sustained carbon growth in a nearly barrierless process. Also, the short distance between terminal carbon atoms leads to strong interactions, which might lead to the high activity between unsaturated CH2* of the hydrocarbon chain. Analysis of the electron localization and geometries of the carbon chains reveals the formation of C-Al-σ bonds with the chain growing towards the vacuum rather than C-Al-π bonds covering the γ-Al2O3(100) surface. This growth behaviour prevents catalyst poisoning during the initial stage of graphene nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR)/Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Polai B, Satpathy BK, Jena BK, Nayak SK. An Overview of Coating Processes on Metal Substrates Based on Graphene-Related Materials for Multifarious Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Polai
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Satpathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Jena
- CSIR−Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar−751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Nayak
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
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40
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Meng W, Zou J, Wang X, Zhang P, Du X. On the Distinctive Hardness, Anti-Corrosion Properties and Mechanisms of Flame-Deposited Carbon Coating with a Hierarchical Structure in Contrast to a Graphene Layer via Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172944. [PMID: 36079981 PMCID: PMC9458154 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two carbonaceous (amorphous carbon and graphene) coatings were catalytically grown on bulk Ni plates. It was found that the flame-deposited carbon (FDC) layers exhibited a unique hierarchical structure with the formation of FDC/Ni nano-interlocking interface. The effect of the flame coating time on its corrosion protective efficiency (PE) was studied and compared with that of graphene coating produced via chemical vapor deposition. The FDC grown for 10 min exhibited a PE of 92.7%, which was much greater than that of the graphene coating (75.6%). The anti-corrosive mechanisms of both coatings were revealed and compared. For graphene coatings, the higher reaction temperature than that for FDC resulted in large grain boundaries inherent in the coating. Such boundaries were weak points and easily initiated grain boundary corrosion. In contrast, corrosion started at only certain local defects in FDC layers, whose unique interface structure likely promoted its PE as well. Moreover, after the coating process, the hardness of FDC-coated Ni remained almost unchanged, in contrast to that of graphene-coated samples (reduced by ~30%). This is suggested to be related to the crystal structure evolution of the Ni substrate caused by the heat treatment accompanying the coating process.
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41
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Fan H, Sun F. Developing Graphene Grids for Cryoelectron Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:937253. [PMID: 35911962 PMCID: PMC9326159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.937253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis has become one of the major techniques used to study high-resolution 3D structures of biological macromolecules. Specimens are generally prepared in a thin layer of vitrified ice using a holey carbon grid. However, the sample quality using this type of grid is not always ideal for high-resolution imaging even when the specimens in the test tube behave ideally. Various problems occur during a vitrification procedure, including poor/nonuniform distribution of particles, preferred orientation of particles, specimen denaturation/degradation, high background from thick ice, and beam-induced motion, which have become important bottlenecks in high-resolution structural studies using cryo-EM in many projects. In recent years, grids with support films made of graphene and its derivatives have been developed to efficiently solve these problems. Here, the various advantages of graphene grids over conventional holey carbon film grids, functionalization of graphene support films, production methods of graphene grids, and origins of pristine graphene contamination are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Shan J, Fang S, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang R, Liu B, Lin L, Jiang B, Ci H, Liu R, Wang W, Yang X, Guo W, Rümmeli MH, Guo W, Sun J, Liu Z. Copper acetate-facilitated transfer-free growth of high-quality graphene for hydrovoltaic generators. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab169. [PMID: 35967588 PMCID: PMC9370374 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on dielectric substrates without a transfer process is of vital importance for a variety of applications. Current strategies for boosting high-quality graphene growth, such as remote metal catalyzation, are limited by poor performance with respect to the release of metal catalysts and hence suffer from a problem with metal residues. Herein, we report an effective approach that utilizes a metal-containing species, copper acetate, to continuously supply copper clusters in a gaseous form to aid transfer-free growth of graphene over a wafer scale. The thus-derived graphene films were found to show reduced multilayer density and improved electrical performance and exhibited a carrier mobility of 8500 cm2 V-1 s-1. Furthermore, droplet-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator devices based on directly grown graphene were found to exhibit robust voltage output and long cyclic stability, in stark contrast to their counterparts based on transferred graphene, demonstrating the potential for emerging energy harvesting applications. The work presented here offers a promising solution to organize the metal catalytic booster toward transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene and enable smart energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sunmiao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bei Jiang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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43
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Marguet B, Reis FDAA, Pierre-Louis O. Interface collisions with diffusive mass transport. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014802. [PMID: 35974503 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a linear Langevin model that describes the evolution of the roughness of two interfaces that move towards each other and are coupled by a diffusion field. This model aims at describing the closing of the gap between two 2D material domains during growth, and the subsequent formation of a rough grain boundary. We assume that deposition occurs in the gap between the two domains and that the growth units diffuse and may attach to the edges of the domains. These units can also detach from edges, diffuse, and reattach elsewhere. For slow growth, the edge roughness increases monotonously and then saturates at some equilibrium value. For fast growth, the roughness exhibits a maximum just before the collision between the two interfaces, which is followed by a minimum. The peak of the roughness can be dominated by statistical fluctuations or by edge instabilities. A phase diagram with three regimes is obtained: Slow growth without peak, peak dominated by statistical fluctuations, and peak dominated by instabilities. These results reproduce the main features observed in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Marguet
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F D A Aarão Reis
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói RJ, Brazil
| | - Olivier Pierre-Louis
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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44
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Singh SU, Chatterjee S, Lone SA, Ho HH, Kaswan K, Peringeth K, Khan A, Chiang YW, Lee S, Lin ZH. Advanced wearable biosensors for the detection of body fluids and exhaled breath by graphene. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:236. [PMID: 35633385 PMCID: PMC9146825 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings, it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and cure the disease in their preliminary stage to avoid severe complications. Wearable biosensors have been developed by using numerous materials for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring. Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has received considerable attention for the development of wearable biosensors due to its outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties. Moreover, the extremely flexible, foldable, and biocompatible nature of graphene provide a wide scope for developing wearable biosensor devices. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives could be trending materials to fabricate wearable biosensor devices for remote human health management in the near future. Various biofluids and exhaled breath contain many relevant biomarkers which can be exploited by wearable biosensors non-invasively to identify diseases. In this article, we have discussed various methodologies and strategies for synthesizing and pattering graphene. Furthermore, general sensing mechanism of biosensors, and graphene-based biosensing devices for tear, sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), saliva, and exhaled breath have also been explored and discussed thoroughly. Finally, current challenges and future prospective of graphene-based wearable biosensors have been evaluated with conclusion. Graphene is a promising 2D material for the development of wearable sensors. Various biofluids (sweat, tears, saliva and ISF) and exhaled breath contains many relevant biomarkers which facilitate in identify diseases. Biosensor is made up of biological recognition element such as enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle, or complete cell and physical (transducer, amplifier), provide fast response without causing organ harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi U Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Subhodeep Chatterjee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Power and Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Lone
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsuan Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuldeep Kaswan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kiran Peringeth
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Power and Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Arshad Khan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Department of Power and Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Frontier Research Center On Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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45
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Han J, Johnson I, Chen M. 3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108750. [PMID: 34870863 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructing bulk graphene materials with well-reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template-based and template-free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo-periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy-related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Han
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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46
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Xu X, Guo T, Kim H, Hota MK, Alsaadi RS, Lanza M, Zhang X, Alshareef HN. Growth of 2D Materials at the Wafer Scale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108258. [PMID: 34860446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wafer-scale growth has become a critical bottleneck for scaling up applications of van der Waal (vdW) layered 2D materials in high-end electronics and optoelectronics. Most vdW 2D materials are initially obtained through top-down synthesis methods, such as exfoliation, which can only prepare small flakes on a micrometer scale. Bottom-up growth can enable 2D flake growth over a large area. However, seamless merging of these flakes to form large-area continuous films with well-controlled layer thickness and lattice orientation is still a significant challenge. This review briefly introduces several vdW layered 2D materials covering their lattice structures, representative physical properties, and potential roles in large-scale applications. Then, several methods used to grow vdW layered 2D materials at the wafer scale are reviewed in depth. In particular, three strategies are summarized that enable 2D film growth with a single-crystalline structure over the whole wafer: growth of an isolated domain, growth of unidirectional domains, and conversion of oriented precursors. After that, the progress in using wafer-scale 2D materials in integrated devices and advanced epitaxy is reviewed. Finally, future directions in the growth and scaling of vdW layered 2D materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tianchao Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeh S Alsaadi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Lanza
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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47
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Shlyapin DA, Lavrenov AV, Leontyeva NN. Formation of Carbon Materials by the Oxidative Pyrolysis of Methane on Resistive Catalysts. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Dry Reforming of Methane on NiCu and NiPd Model Systems: Optimization of Carbon Chemistry. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of ultra-clean, unsupported Cu-doped and Pd-doped Ni model catalysts was investigated to develop the fundamental concept of metal doping impact on the carbon tolerance and catalytic activity in the dry reforming of methane (DRM). Wet etching with concentrated HNO3 and a subsequent single sputter–anneal cycle resulted in the full removal of an already existing oxidic passivation layer and segregated and/or ambient-deposited surface and bulk impurities to yield ultra-clean Ni substrates. Carbon solubility, support effects, segregation processes, cyclic operation temperatures, and electronic and ensemble effects were all found to play a crucial role in the catalytic activity and stability of these systems, as verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface and bulk characterization. Minor Cu promotion showed the almost complete suppression of coking with a moderate reduction in catalytic activity, while high Cu loadings facilitated carbon growth alongside severe catalytic deactivation. The improved carbon resistance stems from an increased CH4 dissociation barrier, decreased carbon solubility in the bulk, good prevailing CO2 activation properties and enhanced CO desorption. Cyclic DRM operation on surfaces with Cu content that is too high leads to impaired carbon oxidation kinetics by CO2 and causes irreversible carbon deposition. Thus, an optimal and stable NiCu composition was found in the region of 70–90 atomic % Ni, which allows an appropriate high syngas production rate to be retained alongside a total coking suppression during DRM. In contrast, the more Cu-rich NiCu systems showed a limited stability under reaction conditions, leading to undesired surface and bulk segregation processes of Cu. The much higher carbon deposition rate and solubility of unsupported NiPd and Pd model catalysts results in severe carbon deposition and catalytic deactivation. To achieve enhanced carbon conversion and de-coking, an active metal oxide boundary is required, allowing for the increased clean-off of re-segregated carbon via the inverse Boudouard reaction. The carbon bulk diffusion on the investigated systems depends strongly on the composition and decreases in the following order: Pd > NiPd > Ni > NiCu > Cu.
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Chemical Interactions of Nano Islandic Graphene Grown on Titanium Dioxide Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Senga R, Lin YC, Morishita S, Kato R, Yamada T, Hasegawa M, Suenaga K. Imaging of isotope diffusion using atomic-scale vibrational spectroscopy. Nature 2022; 603:68-72. [PMID: 35236976 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spatial resolutions of even the most sensitive isotope analysis techniques based on light or ion probes are limited to a few hundred nanometres. Although vibrational spectroscopy using electron probes has achieved higher spatial resolution1-3, the detection of isotopes at the atomic level4 has been challenging so far. Here we show the unambiguous isotopic imaging of 12C carbon atoms embedded in 13C graphene and the monitoring of their self-diffusion via atomic-level vibrational spectroscopy. We first grow a domain of 12C carbon atoms in a pre-existing crack of 13C graphene, which is then annealed at 600 degrees Celsius for several hours. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy, we obtain an isotope map that confirms the segregation of 12C atoms that diffused rapidly. The map also indicates that the graphene layer becomes isotopically homogeneous over 100-nanometre regions after 2 hours. Our results demonstrate the high mobility of carbon atoms during growth and annealing via self-diffusion. This imaging technique can provide a fundamental methodology for nanoisotope engineering and monitoring, which will aid in the creation of isotope labels and tracing at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Senga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichi Kato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Hasegawa
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan.
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