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Hussey GS, Pineda Molina C, Cramer MC, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Lee YC, El-Mossier SO, Murdock MH, Timashev PS, Kagan VE, Badylak SF. Lipidomics and RNA sequencing reveal a novel subpopulation of nanovesicle within extracellular matrix biomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay4361. [PMID: 32219161 PMCID: PMC7083606 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) provide both mechanical support and a reservoir of constructive signaling molecules that promote functional tissue repair. Recently, matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) have been reported as an integral component of ECM bioscaffolds. Although liquid-phase extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the subject of intense investigation, their similarity to MBV is limited to size and shape. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics and redox lipidomics were used to conduct a detailed comparison of liquid-phase EV and MBV phospholipids. Combined with comprehensive RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the intravesicular cargo, we show that MBVs are a distinct and unique subpopulation of EV and a distinguishing feature of ECM-based biomaterials. The results begin to identify the differential biologic activities mediated by EV that are secreted by tissue-resident cells and deposited within the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catalina Pineda Molina
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Madeline C. Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yoojin C. Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Salma O. El-Mossier
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Mark H. Murdock
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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2
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Sun WY, Vlasova II, Dar H, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Mallampalli R, van der Wel PCA, He RR, Shvedova AA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayir H. Redox phospholipidomics of enzymatically generated oxygenated phospholipids as specific signals of programmed cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:231-241. [PMID: 31883467 PMCID: PMC7037592 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High fidelity and effective adaptive changes of the cell and tissue metabolism to changing environments require strict coordination of numerous biological processes. Multicellular organisms developed sophisticated signaling systems of monitoring and responding to these different contexts. Among these systems, oxygenated lipids play a significant role realized via a variety of re-programming mechanisms. Some of them are enacted as a part of pro-survival pathways that eliminate harmful or unnecessary molecules or organelles by a variety of degradation/hydrolytic reactions or specialized autophageal processes. When these "partial" intracellular measures are insufficient, the programs of cells death are triggered with the aim to remove irreparably damaged members of the multicellular community. These regulated cell death mechanisms are believed to heavily rely on signaling by a highly diversified group of molecules, oxygenated phospholipids (PLox). Out of thousands of detectable individual PLox species, redox phospholipidomics deciphered several specific molecules that seem to be diagnostic of specialized death programs. Oxygenated cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) have been identified as predictive biomarkers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. This has led to decoding of the enzymatic mechanisms of their formation involving mitochondrial oxidation of CLs by cytochrome c and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidation of PE by lipoxygenases. Understanding of the specific biochemical radical-mediated mechanisms of these oxidative reactions opens new avenues for the design and search of highly specific regulators of cell death programs. This review emphasizes the usefulness of such selective lipid peroxidation mechanisms in contrast to the concept of random poorly controlled free radical reactions as instruments of non-specific damage of cells and their membranes. Detailed analysis of two specific examples of phospholipid oxidative signaling in apoptosis and ferroptosis along with their molecular mechanisms and roles in reprogramming has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - W Y Sun
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - I I Vlasova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - H Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - V A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - P C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R R He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - A A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - H Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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3
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Nanomaterial Effects on Viral Infection. INTERACTION OF NANOMATERIALS WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 2020. [PMCID: PMC7122331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33962-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential for environmental and occupational exposures of populations to nanomaterials (NMs) has fostered concerns of associated adverse health effects, with a particular emphasis on pulmonary injury and disease. Many studies have revealed that several types of NMs can evoke a variety of biological responses, such as pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to allergy, fibrosis, and granuloma formation. Less attention has been paid to health effects that may result from exposure to NMs and additional stressors such as pathogens, with a particular focus on susceptibility to viral infection. This chapter will summarize the current body of literature related to NMs and viral exposures with a primary focus on immune modulation. A summary of the studies performed and major findings to date will be discussed, highlighting proposed molecular mechanisms behind NM-driven host susceptibility, challenges, limitations, and future research needs. Specific mechanisms discussed include direct interaction between NMs and biological molecules, activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and related signaling pathways, production of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and modulation of lipid signaling networks.
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4
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Carbon Nanotubes Translocation through a Lipid Membrane and Transporting Small Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Molecules. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are extensively adopted in the applications of biotechnology and biomedicine. Their interactions with cell membranes are of great importance for understanding the toxicity of CNTs and the application of drug delivery. In this paper, we use atomic molecular dynamics simulations to study the permeation and orientation of pristine and functionalized CNTs in a lipid bilayer. Pristine CNT (PCNT) can readily permeate into the membrane and reside in the hydrophobic region without specific orientation. The insertion of PCNTs into the lipid bilayer is robust and independent on the lengths of PCNTs. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups on both ends of the functionalized CNT (FCNT), FCNT prefers to stand upright in the lipid bilayer center. Compared with PCNT, FCNT is more suitable to be a bridge connecting the inner and outer lipid membrane. The inserted CNTs have no distinct effects on membrane structure. However, they may block the ion channels. In addition, preliminary explorations on the transport properties of CNTs show that the small hydrophobic molecule carbon dioxide can enter both PCNT and FCNT hollow channels. However, hydrophilic molecule urea is prone to penetrate the PCNT but finds it difficult to enter the FCNT. These results may provide new insights into the internalization of CNT in the lipid membrane and the transport properties of CNTs when embedded therein.
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5
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Colombo S, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Mass spectrometry strategies to unveil modified aminophospholipids of biological interest. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:323-355. [PMID: 30597614 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological functions of modified aminophospholipids (APL) have become a topic of interest during the last two decades, and distinct roles have been found for these biomolecules in both physiological and pathological contexts. Modifications of APL include oxidation, glycation, and adduction to electrophilic aldehydes, altogether contributing to a high structural variability of modified APL. An outstanding technique used in this challenging field is mass spectrometry (MS). MS has been widely used to unveil modified APL of biological interest, mainly when associated with soft ionization methods (electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) and coupled with separation techniques as liquid chromatography. This review summarizes the biological roles and the chemical mechanisms underlying APL modifications, and comprehensively reviews the current MS-based knowledge that has been gathered until now for their analysis. The interpretation of the MS data obtained by in vitro-identification studies is explained in detail. The perspective of an analytical detection of modified APL in clinical samples is explored, highlighting the fundamental role of MS in unveiling APL modifications and their relevance in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Colombo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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6
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Tyurina YY, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Watson AM, Epperly MW, Anthonymuthu TS, Kisin ER, Vlasova II, Krysko O, Krysko DV, Kapralov AA, Dar HH, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Popova EN, Bolevich SB, Timashev PS, Kellum JA, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Redox (phospho)lipidomics of signaling in inflammation and programmed cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:57-81. [PMID: 31071242 PMCID: PMC6626990 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0119-004rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the known prominent role of polyunsaturated (phospho)lipids as structural blocks of biomembranes, there is an emerging understanding of another important function of these molecules as a highly diversified signaling language utilized for intra- and extracellular communications. Technological developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry facilitated the development of a new branch of metabolomics, redox lipidomics. Analysis of lipid peroxidation reactions has already identified specific enzymatic mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of several unique signals in response to inflammation and regulated cell death programs. Obtaining comprehensive information about millions of signals encoded by oxidized phospholipids, represented by thousands of interactive reactions and pleiotropic (patho)physiological effects, is a daunting task. However, there is still reasonable hope that significant discoveries, of at least some of the important contributors to the overall overwhelmingly complex network of interactions triggered by inflammation, will lead to the discovery of new small molecule regulators and therapeutic modalities. For example, suppression of the production of AA-derived pro-inflammatory mediators, HXA3 and LTB4, by an iPLA2 γ inhibitor, R-BEL, mitigated injury associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory processes in animals exposed to whole-body irradiation. Further, technological developments promise to make redox lipidomics a powerful approach in the arsenal of diagnostic and therapeutic instruments for personalized medicine of inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena N Popova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Anthonymuthu T, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nesterova AM, Baynard ML, Sun W, He R, Khaitovich P, Vladimirov YA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Redox lipidomics technology: Looking for a needle in a haystack". Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:93-107. [PMID: 30928338 PMCID: PMC6714565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic life is based on numerous metabolic oxidation reactions as well as biosynthesis of oxygenated signaling compounds. Among the latter are the myriads of oxygenated lipids including a well-studied group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids. During the last two decades, remarkable progress in liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry has led to significant progress in the characterization of oxygenated PUFA-containing phospholipids, thus designating the emergence of a new field of lipidomics, redox lipidomics. Although non-enzymatic free radical reactions of lipid peroxidation have been mostly associated with the aberrant metabolism typical of acute injury or chronic degenerative processes, newly accumulated evidence suggests that enzymatically catalyzed (phospho)lipid oxygenation reactions are essential mechanisms of many physiological pathways. In this review, we discuss a variety of contemporary protocols applicable for identification and quantitative characterization of different classes of peroxidized (phospho)lipids. We describe applications of different types of LCMS for analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids, particularly cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolalmines, in two important types of programmed cell death - apoptosis and ferroptosis. We discuss the role of peroxidized phosphatidylserines in phagocytotic signaling. We exemplify the participation of peroxidized neutral lipids, particularly tri-acylglycerides, in immuno-suppressive signaling in cancer. We also consider new approaches to exploring the spatial distribution of phospholipids in the context of their oxidizability by MS imaging, including the latest achievements in high resolution imaging techniques. We present innovative approaches to the interpretation of LC-MS data, including audio-representation analysis. Overall, we emphasize the role of redox lipidomics as a communication language, unprecedented in diversity and richness, through the analysis of peroxidized (phospho)lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasiia M Nesterova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthew L Baynard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanyang Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongRong He
- Anti-stress and Health Research Center, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuri A Vladimirov
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Guo C, Robertson S, Weber RJM, Buckley A, Warren J, Hodgson A, Rappoport JZ, Ignatyev K, Meldrum K, Römer I, Macchiarulo S, Chipman JK, Marczylo T, Leonard MO, Gant TW, Viant MR, Smith R. Pulmonary toxicity of inhaled nano-sized cerium oxide aerosols in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:733-750. [PMID: 30704321 PMCID: PMC6816500 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1554751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs), used in some diesel fuel additives to improve fuel combustion efficiency and exhaust filter operation, have been detected in ambient air and concerns have been raised about their potential human health impact. The majority of CeO2NP inhalation studies undertaken to date have used aerosol particles of larger sizes than the evidence suggests are emitted from vehicles using such fuel additives. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of inhaled CeO2NP aerosols of a more environmentally relevant size, utilizing a combination of methods, including untargeted multi-omics to enable the broadest possible survey of molecular responses and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy to investigate cerium speciation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by nose-only inhalation to aerosolized CeO2NPs (mass concentration 1.8 mg/m3, aerosol count median diameter 40 nm) for 3 h/d for 4 d/week, for 1 or 2 weeks and sacrificed at 3 and 7 d post-exposure. Markers of inflammation changed significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which, combined with results from lung histopathology and gene expression analyses suggest an inflammatory response greater than that seen in studies using micron-sized ceria aerosols. Lipidomics of lung tissue revealed changes to minor lipid species, implying specific rather than general cellular effects. Cerium speciation analysis indicated a change in Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio within lung tissue. Collectively, these results in conjunction with earlier studies emphasize the importance of aerosol particle size on toxicity determination. Furthermore, the limited effect resolution within 7 d suggested the possibility of longer-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Sarah Robertson
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham, B15 2TT , UK
| | - Alison Buckley
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - James Warren
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Alan Hodgson
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Joshua Z Rappoport
- c Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- d Diamond Light Source Ltd , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Kirsty Meldrum
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Isabella Römer
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Sameirah Macchiarulo
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - James Kevin Chipman
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham, B15 2TT , UK
| | - Tim Marczylo
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Timothy W Gant
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham, B15 2TT , UK
| | - Rachel Smith
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot, Oxfordshire , OX11 0RQ , UK
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9
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Tyurina YY, Shrivastava I, Tyurin VA, Mao G, Dar HH, Watkins S, Epperly M, Bahar I, Shvedova AA, Pitt B, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Sadovsky Y, Gabrilovich D, Greenberger JS, Bayır H, Kagan VE. "Only a Life Lived for Others Is Worth Living": Redox Signaling by Oxygenated Phospholipids in Cell Fate Decisions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1333-1358. [PMID: 28835115 PMCID: PMC6157439 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxygenated polyunsaturated lipids are known to play multi-functional roles as essential signals coordinating metabolism and physiology. Among them are well-studied eicosanoids and docosanoids that are generated via phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and subsequent oxygenation of free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. Recent Advances: There is an emerging understanding that oxygenated PUFA-phospholipids also represent a rich signaling language with yet-to-be-deciphered details of the execution machinery-oxygenating enzymes, regulators, and receptors. Both free and esterified oxygenated PUFA signals are generated in cells, and their cross-talk and inter-conversion through the de-acylation/re-acylation reactions is not sufficiently explored. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to oxygenated phospholipids as important damage signals that trigger programmed cell death pathways to eliminate irreparably injured cells and preserve the health of multicellular environments. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the trans-membrane redistribution and generation of oxygenated cardiolipins in mitochondria by cytochrome c as pro-apoptotic signals. We also consider the role of oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamines as proximate pro-ferroptotic signals. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We highlight the importance of sequential processes of phospholipid oxygenation and signaling in disease contexts as opportunities to use their regulatory mechanisms for the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Indira Shrivastava
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gaowei Mao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haider H. Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Epperly
- Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Bruce Pitt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Modulation of the inflammatory response of immune cells in human peripheral blood by oxidized arachidonoyl aminophospholipids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:64-71. [PMID: 30315768 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminophospholipids (APL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), can be oxidized upon oxidative stress. Oxidized PE and PS have been detected in clinical samples of different pathologies and may act as modulators of the inflammatory response. However, few studies have focused on the effects of oxidized APL (ox-APL) esterified with arachidonic acid, even though a considerable number of studies have assessed the modulation of the immune system by oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-3-glycerophosphocholine (OxPAPC). In the present study, we have used flow cytometry to evaluate the ability of oxidized PAPE (OxPAPE) and PAPS (OxPAPS) to promote or suppress an inflammatory phenotype on monocytes subsets and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). The results indicate that OxPAPE increases the frequency of all monocyte subpopulations expressing TNF-α, which promotes an inflammatory response. However, immune cell stimulation with OxPAPE in the presence of LPS results in a decrease of TNF-α expressed by classical monocytes. Incubation with OxPAPS and LPS induces a decrease in TNF-α produced by monocytes, and a significant decrease in IL-1β expressed by monocytes and mDCs, indicating that OxPAPS reduces the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory expression in these populations. These results show the importance of OxPAPE and OxPAPS as modulators of the inflammatory response and demonstrate their possible contribution to the onset and resolution of human diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation.
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11
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Senapati VA, Kansara K, Shanker R, Dhawan A, Kumar A. Monitoring characteristics and genotoxic effects of engineered nanoparticle-protein corona. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:479-490. [PMID: 29048576 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) possess different physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These unique properties have found application in various products in the area of therapeutics, consumer goods, environmental remediation, optical and electronic fields. This has also increased the likelihood of their release into the environment thereby affecting human health and ecosystem. ENPs, when in contact with the biological system have various physical and chemical interactions with cellular macromolecules including proteins. These interactions lead to the formation of protein corona around the ENPs. Consequently, living systems interact with the protein-coated ENP rather than with a bare ENP. This ENP-protein interaction influences uptake, accumulation, distribution and clearance and thereby affecting the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Although there are few studies which discussed the fate of ENPs, there is a need for extensive research in the field of ENPs, to understand the interaction of ENPs with biological systems for their safe and productive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Aileen Senapati
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Kansara
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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12
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Fessler MB, Summer RS. Surfactant Lipids at the Host-Environment Interface. Metabolic Sensors, Suppressors, and Effectors of Inflammatory Lung Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:624-35. [PMID: 26859434 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0011ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of pulmonary surfactant is unlike that of any other body fluid. This extracellular lipid reservoir is also uniquely susceptible by virtue of its direct and continuous exposure to environmental oxidants, inflammatory agents, and pathogens. Historically, the greatest attention has been focused on those biophysical features of surfactant that serve to reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface. More recently, surfactant lipids have also been recognized as bioactive molecules that maintain immune quiescence in the lung but can also be remodeled by the inhaled environment into neolipids that mediate key roles in inflammation, immunity, and fibrosis. This review focuses on the roles in inflammatory and infectious lung disease of two classes of native surfactant lipids, glycerophospholipids and sterols, and their corresponding oxidized species, oxidized glycerophospholipids and oxysterols. We highlight evidence that surfactant composition is sensitive to circulating lipoproteins and that the lipid milieu of the alveolus should thus be recognized as susceptible to diet and common systemic metabolic disorders. We also discuss intriguing evidence suggesting that oxidized surfactant lipids may represent an evolutionary link between immunity and tissue homeostasis that arose in the primordial lung. Taken together, the emerging picture is one in which the unique environmental susceptibility of the lung, together with its unique extracellular lipid requirements, may have made this organ both an evolutionary hub and an engine for lipid-immune cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Fessler
- 1 Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; and
| | - Ross S Summer
- 2 Center for Translational Medicine and Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Zhou H, Hu S, Jin Q, Shi C, Zhang Y, Zhu P, Ma Q, Tian F, Chen Y. Mff-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Microvasculature Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Induction of mROS-Mediated Cardiolipin Oxidation and HK2/VDAC1 Disassociation-Involved mPTP Opening. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005328. [PMID: 28288978 PMCID: PMC5524036 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The cardiac microvascular system ischemia/reperfusion injury following percutaneous coronary intervention is a clinical thorny problem. This study explores the mechanisms by which ischemia/reperfusion injury induces cardiac microcirculation collapse. Methods and Results In wild‐type mice, mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) expression increased in response to acute microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Compared with wild‐type mice, homozygous Mff‐deficient (Mffgt) mice exhibited a smaller infarcted area, restored cardiac function, improved blood flow, and reduced microcirculation perfusion defects. Histopathology analysis demonstrated that cardiac microcirculation endothelial cells (CMECs) in Mffgt mice had an intact endothelial barrier, recovered phospho‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase production, opened lumen, undivided mitochondrial structures, and less CMEC death. In vitro, Mff‐deficient CMECs (derived from Mffgt mice or Mff small interfering RNA–treated) demonstrated less mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis compared with cells derived from wild‐type mice. The loss of Mff inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening via blocking the oligomerization of voltage‐dependent anion channel 1 and subsequent hexokinase 2 separation from mitochondria. Moreover, Mff deficiency reduced the cyt‐c leakage into the cytoplasm by alleviating cardiolipin oxidation resulting from damage to the electron transport chain complexes and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction. Conclusions This evidence clearly illustrates that microcirculatory ischemia/reperfusion injury can be attributed to Mff‐dependent mitochondrial fission via voltage‐dependent anion channel 1/hexokinase 2–mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/cardiolipin involved cyt‐c release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhua Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Riebeling C, Jungnickel H, Luch A, Haase A. Systems Biology to Support Nanomaterial Grouping. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:143-171. [PMID: 28168668 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of potential health risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is a challenging task due to the high number and great variety of already existing and newly emerging ENMs. Reliable grouping or categorization of ENMs with respect to hazards could help to facilitate prioritization and decision making for regulatory purposes. The development of grouping criteria, however, requires a broad and comprehensive data basis. A promising platform addressing this challenge is the systems biology approach. The different areas of systems biology, most prominently transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, each of which provide a wealth of data that can be used to reveal novel biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the mode-of-action of ENMs. Combining such data with classical toxicological data would enable a more comprehensive understanding and hence might lead to more powerful and reliable prediction models. Physico-chemical data provide crucial information on the ENMs and need to be integrated, too. Overall statistical analysis should reveal robust grouping and categorization criteria and may ultimately help to identify meaningful biomarkers and biological pathways that sufficiently characterize the corresponding ENM subgroups. This chapter aims to give an overview on the different systems biology technologies and their current applications in the field of nanotoxicology, as well as to identify the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Interactions between DPPC as a component of lung surfactant and amorphous silica nanoparticles investigated by HILIC-ESI–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1029-1030:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Buland JR, Wasserloos KJ, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Amoscato AA, Mallampalli RK, Chen BB, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Ofori-Acquah S, Kagan VE, Pitt BR. Biosynthesis of oxidized lipid mediators via lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of extracellular cardiolipin induces endothelial toxicity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L303-16. [PMID: 27233995 PMCID: PMC5142456 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We (66) have previously described an NSAID-insensitive intramitochondrial biosynthetic pathway involving oxidation of the polyunsaturated mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), followed by hydrolysis [by calcium-independent mitochondrial calcium-independent phospholipase A2-γ (iPLA2γ)] of oxidized CL (CLox), leading to the formation of lysoCL and oxygenated octadecadienoic metabolites. We now describe a model system utilizing oxidative lipidomics/mass spectrometry and bioassays on cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) to assess the impact of CLox that we show, in vivo, can be released to the extracellular space and may be hydrolyzed by lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2). Chemically oxidized liposomes containing bovine heart CL produced multiple oxygenated species. Addition of Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzed CLox and produced (oxygenated) monolysoCL and dilysoCL and oxidized octadecadienoic metabolites including 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) acids. CLox caused BPAEC necrosis that was exacerbated by Lp-PLA2 Lower doses of nonlethal CLox increased permeability of BPAEC monolayers. This effect was exacerbated by Lp-PLA2 and partially mimicked by authentic monolysoCL or 9- or 13-HODE. Control mice plasma contained virtually no detectable CLox; in contrast, 4 h after Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection, 34 ± 8 mol% (n = 6; P < 0.02) of circulating CL was oxidized. In addition, molar percentage of monolysoCL increased twofold after P. aeruginosa in a subgroup analyzed for these changes. Collectively, these studies suggest an important role for 1) oxidation of CL in proinflammatory environments and 2) possible hydrolysis of CLox in extracellular spaces producing lysoCL and oxidized octadecadienoic acid metabolites that may lead to impairment of pulmonary endothelial barrier function and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Buland
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karla J Wasserloos
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bill B Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Zhao
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yutong Zhao
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Solomon Ofori-Acquah
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce R Pitt
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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17
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Wohlleben W, Driessen MD, Raesch S, Schaefer UF, Schulze C, Vacano BV, Vennemann A, Wiemann M, Ruge CA, Platsch H, Mues S, Ossig R, Tomm JM, Schnekenburger J, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Luch A, Lehr CM, Haase A. Influence of agglomeration and specific lung lining lipid/protein interaction on short-term inhalation toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:970-80. [PMID: 26984182 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1155671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung lining fluid is the first biological barrier nanoparticles (NPs) encounter during inhalation. As previous inhalation studies revealed considerable differences between surface functionalized NPs with respect to deposition and toxicity, our aim was to investigate the influence of lipid and/or protein binding on these processes. Thus, we analyzed a set of surface functionalized NPs including different SiO2 and ZrO2 in pure phospholipids, CuroSurf(TM) and purified native porcine pulmonary surfactant (nS). Lipid binding was surprisingly low for pure phospholipids and only few NPs attracted a minimal lipid corona. Additional presence of hydrophobic surfactant protein (SP) B in CuroSurf(TM) promoted lipid binding to NPs functionalized with Amino or PEG residues. The presence of the hydrophilic SP A in nS facilitated lipid binding to all NPs. In line with this the degree of lipid and protein affinities for different surface functionalized SiO2 NPs in nS followed the same order (SiO2 Phosphate ∼ unmodified SiO2 < SiO2 PEG < SiO2 Amino NPs). Agglomeration and biomolecule interaction of NPs in nS was mainly influenced by surface charge and hydrophobicity. Toxicological differences as observed in short-term inhalation studies (STIS) were mainly influenced by the core composition and/or surface reactivity of NPs. However, agglomeration in lipid media and lipid/protein affinity appeared to play a modulatory role on short-term inhalation toxicity. For instance, lipophilic NPs like ZrO2, which are interacting with nS to a higher extent, exhibited a far higher lung burden than their hydrophilic counterparts, which deserves further attention to predict or model effects of respirable NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc D Driessen
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Simon Raesch
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Christine Schulze
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Antje Vennemann
- d IBE R& D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health , Münster , Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- d IBE R& D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health , Münster , Germany
| | - Christian A Ruge
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Sarah Mues
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Rainer Ossig
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Janina M Tomm
- g Department of Proteomics , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnekenburger
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Thomas A J Kuhlbusch
- h Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) E.V , Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology , Duisburg , Germany .,i Center for Nanointegration CENIDE , University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg , Germany , and
| | - Andreas Luch
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany .,j Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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18
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Tsai CSJ, Dysart AD, Beltz JH, Pol VG. Identification and Mitigation of Generated Solid By-Products during Advanced Electrode Materials Processing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2627-2634. [PMID: 26716402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A scalable, solid-state elevated-temperature process was developed to produce high-capacity carbonaceous electrode materials for energy storage devices via decomposition of a starch-based precursor in an inert atmosphere. In a separate study, it is shown that the fabricated carbonaceous architectures are useful as an excellent electrode material for lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and lithium-sulfur batteries. This article focuses on the study and analysis of the formed nanometer-sized by-products during the lab-scale synthesis of the carbon material. The material production process was studied in operando (that is, during the entire duration of heat treatment). The unknown downstream particles in the process exhaust were collected and characterized via aerosol and liquid suspensions, and they were quantified using direct-reading instruments for number and mass concentrations. The airborne emissions were collected using the Tsai diffusion sampler (TDS) for characterization and further analysis. Released by-product aerosols collected in a deionized (DI) water trap were analyzed, and the aerosols emitted from the post-water-suspension were collected and characterized. After long-term sampling, individual particles in the nanometer size range were observed in the exhaust aerosol with layer-structured aggregates formed on the sampling substrate. Upon the characterization of the released aerosol by-products, methods were identified to mitigate possible human and environmental exposures upon industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace S J Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, 80528 Colorado, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, 1205 West State Street, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arthur D Dysart
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jay H Beltz
- School of Health Science, College of Health and Human Science, Purdue University , 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Vilas G Pol
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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19
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Velayutham M, Hemann CF, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL. Sulfite Oxidase Activity of Cytochrome c: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:96-104. [PMID: 26709389 PMCID: PMC4689149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, sulfite is generated endogenously by the metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine. Sulfite is also formed from exposure to sulfur dioxide, one of the major environmental pollutants. Sulfite is used as an antioxidant and preservative in dried fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as wine. Sulfite is also used as a stabilizer in many drugs. Sulfite toxicity has been associated with allergic reactions characterized by sulfite sensitivity, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Sulfite is also toxic to neurons and cardiovascular cells. Recent studies suggest that the cytotoxicity of sulfite is mediated by free radicals; however, molecular mechanisms involved in sulfite toxicity are not fully understood. Cytochrome c (cyt c) is known to participate in mitochondrial respiration and has antioxidant and peroxidase activities. Studies were performed to understand the related mechanism of oxidation of sulfite and radical generation by ferric cytochrome c (Fe3+cyt c) in the absence and presence of H2O2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were performed with sulfite, Fe3+cyt c, and H2O2. An EPR spectrum corresponding to the sulfite radical adducts of DMPO (DMPO-SO3-) was obtained. The amount of DMPO-SO3- formed from the oxidation of sulfite by the Fe3+cyt c increased with sulfite concentration. In addition, the amount of DMPO-SO3- formed by the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c also increased with sulfite and H2O2 concentration. From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the Fe3+cyt c and its peroxidase activity oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. Our results suggest that Fe3+cyt c could have a novel role in the deleterious effects of sulfite in biological systems due to increased production of sulfite radical. It also shows that the increased production of sulfite radical may be responsible for neurotoxicity and some of the injuries which occur to humans born with molybdenum cofactor and sulfite oxidase deficiencies. Cytochrome c oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. In the presence of H2O2, sulfite radical generation from cyt c increases. The formation of sulfite radical is sulfite concentration dependent. This mechanism of sulfite radical formation may be important in sulfite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Craig F Hemann
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Arturo J Cardounel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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20
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Mao G, Qu F, St. Croix CM, Tyurina YY, Planas-Iglesias J, Jiang J, Huang Z, Amoscato AA, Tyurin VA, Kapralov AA, Cheikhi A, Maguire J, Klein-Seetharaman J, Bayır H, Kagan VE. Mitochondrial Redox Opto-Lipidomics Reveals Mono-Oxygenated Cardiolipins as Pro-Apoptotic Death Signals. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:530-40. [PMID: 26697918 PMCID: PMC5741079 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While opto-genetics has proven to have tremendous value in revealing the functions of the macromolecular machinery in cells, it is not amenable to exploration of small molecules such as phospholipids (PLs). Here, we describe a redox opto-lipidomics approach based on a combination of high affinity light-sensitive ligands to specific PLs in mitochondria with LC-MS based redox lipidomics/bioinformatics analysis for the characterization of pro-apoptotic lipid signals. We identified the formation of mono-oxygenated derivatives of C18:2-containing cardiolipins (CLs) in mitochondria after the exposure of 10-nonylacridine orange bromide (NAO)-loaded cells to light. We ascertained that these signals emerge as an immediate opto-lipidomics response, but they decay long before the commencement of apoptotic cell death. We found that a protonophoric uncoupler caused depolarization of mitochondria and prevented the mitochondrial accumulation of NAO, inhibited the formation of C18:2-CL oxidation product,s and protected cells from death. Redox opto-lipidomics extends the power of opto-biologic protocols to studies of small PL molecules resilient to opto-genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Mao
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Feng Qu
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Claudette M. St. Croix
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jianfei Jiang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amin Cheikhi
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Maguire
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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21
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Raesch SS, Tenzer S, Storck W, Rurainski A, Selzer D, Ruge CA, Perez-Gil J, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Proteomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Nanoparticle Corona upon Contact with Lung Surfactant Reveals Differences in Protein, but Not Lipid Composition. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11872-85. [PMID: 26575243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant (PS) constitutes the first line of host defense in the deep lung. Because of its high content of phospholipids and surfactant specific proteins, the interaction of inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) with the pulmonary surfactant layer is likely to form a corona that is different to the one formed in plasma. Here we present a detailed lipidomic and proteomic analysis of NP corona formation using native porcine surfactant as a model. We analyzed the adsorbed biomolecules in the corona of three NP with different surface properties (PEG-, PLGA-, and Lipid-NP) after incubation with native porcine surfactant. Using label-free shotgun analysis for protein and LC-MS for lipid analysis, we quantitatively determined the corona composition. Our results show a conserved lipid composition in the coronas of all investigated NPs regardless of their surface properties, with only hydrophilic PEG-NPs adsorbing fewer lipids in total. In contrast, the analyzed NP displayed a marked difference in the protein corona, consisting of up to 417 different proteins. Among the proteins showing significant differences between the NP coronas, there was a striking prevalence of molecules with a notoriously high lipid and surface binding, such as, e.g., SP-A, SP-D, DMBT1. Our data indicate that the selective adsorption of proteins mediates the relatively similar lipid pattern in the coronas of different NPs. On the basis of our lipidomic and proteomic analysis, we provide a detailed set of quantitative data on the composition of the surfactant corona formed upon NP inhalation, which is unique and markedly different to the plasma corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sebastian Raesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, Mainz University , 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wiebke Storck
- Institute of Immunology, Mainz University , 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Rurainski
- Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Dominik Selzer
- Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Jesus Perez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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22
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Shinde A, Tsai CSJ. Toxicity mechanism in fetal lung fibroblast cells for multi-walled carbon nanotubes defined by chemical impurities and dispersibility. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:248-258. [PMID: 30090341 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are beneficial in a wide range of applications in fields such as electronics, optics and nano-medicine, so knowledge concerning their effect on human health is important. Physiochemical properties of MWCNTs can greatly affect their toxicity, however, there are no reports discussing the effect of size and chemical composition of MWCNTs on the toxic response of human lung cells. In this study, MWCNTs of two different purity grades were characterized and their toxic effects were compared on normal fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. The toxic effect on MRC-5 cells following 1-3 days exposure to low concentrations of research grade (RG) and industrial grade (IG) MWCNTs were studied using multiple biological assays. MWCNTs uptake in MRC-5 cells was analyzed using TEM. After physical and chemical analysis, RG-MWCNTs revealed contamination with MoS2 and were readily suspended in distilled water while IG-MWCNTs had no MoS2 contamination and much lower dispersibility. For a wide range of concentrations and exposure times, cells treated with RG-MWCNTs had distinctly reduced cell viability as compared to cells treated with IG-MWCNTs. Treatment with RG-MWCNTs resulted in high reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels indicating an oxidative stress mechanism while IG-MWCNT treated cells had low ROS/RNS amounts and a distorted cell membrane pointing towards a non-oxidative stress mechanism. Both agglomerates and individual MWCNTs were internalized efficiently by MRC-5 cells, which resulted in cell damage and ultimately cell death. Altogether, this study shows that the MoS2 contamination and size of MWCNTs' agglomerates affect the mechanism of toxicity in human fetal lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Birck Nanotechnology Center , Discovery Park , Purdue University , 1205 West State Street , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Candace S J Tsai
- Birck Nanotechnology Center , Discovery Park , Purdue University , 1205 West State Street , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science , Colorado State University , 1681 Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , CO 80523-1681 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (970) 491-1340
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23
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Rolyan H, Tyurina YY, Hernandez M, Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, Nmezi BC, Lu Y, Estécio MRH, Lin K, Chen J, He RR, Gong P, Rigatti LH, Dupree J, Bayır H, Kagan VE, Casaccia P, Padiath QS. Defects of Lipid Synthesis Are Linked to the Age-Dependent Demyelination Caused by Lamin B1 Overexpression. J Neurosci 2015; 35:12002-17. [PMID: 26311780 PMCID: PMC4549407 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1668-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1 is a component of the nuclear lamina and plays a critical role in maintaining nuclear architecture, regulating gene expression and modulating chromatin positioning. We have previously shown that LMNB1 gene duplications cause autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD), a fatal adult onset demyelinating disease. The mechanisms by which increased LMNB1 levels cause ADLD are unclear. To address this, we used a transgenic mouse model where Lamin B1 overexpression is targeted to oligodendrocytes. These mice showed severe vacuolar degeneration of the spinal cord white matter together with marked astrogliosis, microglial infiltration, and secondary axonal damage. Oligodendrocytes in the transgenic mice revealed alterations in histone modifications favoring a transcriptionally repressed state. Chromatin changes were accompanied by reduced expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis pathways, many of which are known to play important roles in myelin regulation and are preferentially expressed in oligodendrocytes. Decreased lipogenic gene expression resulted in a significant reduction in multiple classes of lipids involved in myelin formation. Many of these gene expression changes and lipid alterations were observed even before the onset of the phenotype, suggesting a causal role. Our findings establish, for the first time, a link between LMNB1 and lipid synthesis in oligodendrocytes, and provide a mechanistic framework to explain the age dependence and white matter involvement of the disease phenotype. These results have implications for disease pathogenesis and may also shed light on the regulation of lipid synthesis pathways in myelin maintenance and turnover. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is fatal neurological disorder caused by increased levels of the nuclear protein, Lamin B1. The disease is characterized by an age-dependent loss of myelin, the fatty sheath that covers nerve fibers. We have studied a mouse model where Lamin B1 level are increased in oligodendrocytes, the cell type that produces myelin in the CNS. We demonstrate that destruction of myelin in the spinal cord is responsible for the degenerative phenotype in our mouse model. We show that this degeneration is mediated by reduced expression of lipid synthesis genes and the subsequent reduction in myelin enriched lipids. These findings provide a mechanistic framework to explain the age dependence and tissue specificity of the ADLD disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshvardhan Rolyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Marylens Hernandez
- Friedman Brain Institute Center for Neural Repair, Department of Neuroscience, and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Louis J Sparvero
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Bruce C Nmezi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Marcos R H Estécio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junda Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Pin Gong
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jeffrey Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and Departments of Critical Care Medicine
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Quasar S Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216,
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24
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Chen WL, Lin CY, Yan YH, Cheng KT, Cheng TJ. Alterations in rat pulmonary phosphatidylcholines after chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 10:3163-9. [PMID: 25236678 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidated the underlying pathophysiological changes that occur after chronic ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure via a lipidomic approach. Five male Sprague-Dawley rats were continually whole-body exposed to ambient air containing PM2.5 at 16.7 ± 10.1 μg m(-3) from the outside of the building for 8 months, whereas a control group (n = 5) inhaled filtered air. Phosphorylcholine-containing lipids were extracted from lung tissue and profiled using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The phosphatidylcholine (PC) signal features of the two groups were compared using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. The PC profile of the exposure group differed from that of the control group; the R(2)Y and Q(2) were 0.953 and 0.677, respectively, in the PLS-DA model. In the exposure group, a significant 0.66- to 0.80-fold reduction in lyso-PC levels, which may have resulted from repeated inflammation, was observed. Decreased surfactant PCs by 16% at most may indicate injuries to alveolar type II cells. Cell function and cell signalling are likely to be altered because the decrease in unsaturated PCs may reduce membrane fluidity. Accompanied by the decline in plasmenylcholines, decreased unsaturated PCs may indicate the attack of reactive oxygen species generated by PM2.5 exposure. The physiological findings conformed to the histopathological changes in the exposed animals. PC profiling using UPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics is sensitive for reflecting pathophysiological perturbations in the lung after long-term and low concentration PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan.
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25
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Mohammadyani D, Angeli JPF, Baranov SV, Klein-Seetharaman J, Friedlander RM, Mallampalli RK, Conrad M, Bayir H. Cardiolipin signaling mechanisms: collapse of asymmetry and oxidation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1667-80. [PMID: 25566681 PMCID: PMC4486147 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An ancient anionic phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), ubiquitously present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic membranes, is essential for several structural and functional purposes. RECENT ADVANCES The emerging role of CLs in signaling has become the focus of many studies. CRITICAL ISSUES In this work, we describe two major pathways through which mitochondrial CLs may fulfill the signaling functions via utilization of their (i) asymmetric distribution across membranes and translocations, leading to the surface externalization and (ii) ability to undergo oxidation reactions to yield the signature products recognizable by the executionary machinery of cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We present a concept that CLs and their oxidation/hydrolysis products constitute a rich communication language utilized by mitochondria of eukaryotic cells for diversified regulation of cell physiology and metabolism as well as for inter-cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- 5Department of Bioengineering, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- 6Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergei V Baranov
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- 8Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rama K Mallampalli
- 9Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 6Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hülya Bayir
- 10Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Spickett CM, Pitt AR. Oxidative lipidomics coming of age: advances in analysis of oxidized phospholipids in physiology and pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1646-66. [PMID: 25694038 PMCID: PMC4486145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidized phospholipids are now well recognized as markers of biological oxidative stress and bioactive molecules with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. While analytical methods continue to be developed for studies of generic lipid oxidation, mass spectrometry (MS) has underpinned the advances in knowledge of specific oxidized phospholipids by allowing their identification and characterization, and it is responsible for the expansion of oxidative lipidomics. RECENT ADVANCES Studies of oxidized phospholipids in biological samples, from both animal models and clinical samples, have been facilitated by the recent improvements in MS, especially targeted routines that depend on the fragmentation pattern of the parent molecular ion and improved resolution and mass accuracy. MS can be used to identify selectively individual compounds or groups of compounds with common features, which greatly improves the sensitivity and specificity of detection. Application of these methods has enabled important advances in understanding the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, steatohepatitis, leprosy, and cystic fibrosis, and it offers potential for developing biomarkers of molecular aspects of the diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The future in this field will depend on development of improved MS technologies, such as ion mobility, novel enrichment methods and databases, and software for data analysis, owing to the very large amount of data generated in these experiments. Imaging of oxidized phospholipids in tissue MS is an additional exciting direction emerging that can be expected to advance understanding of physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M. Spickett
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Tyurina YY, Polimova AM, Maciel E, Tyurin VA, Kapralova VI, Winnica DE, Vikulina AS, Domingues RM, McCoy J, Sanders LH, Bayır H, Greenamyre JT, Kagan VE. LC/MS analysis of cardiolipins in substantia nigra and plasma of rotenone-treated rats: Implication for mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:681-91. [PMID: 25740198 PMCID: PMC4430340 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1005085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to rotenone in vivo results in selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and development of neuropathologic features of Parkinson's disease (PD). As rotenone acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, we employed oxidative lipidomics to assess oxidative metabolism of a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), in substantia nigra (SN) of exposed animals. We found a significant reduction in oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing CL molecular species. We further revealed increased contents of mono-oxygenated CL species at late stages of the exposure. Notably, linoleic acid in sn-1 position was the major oxidation substrate yielding its mono-hydroxy- and epoxy-derivatives whereas more readily "oxidizable" fatty acid residues (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids) remained non-oxidized. Elevated levels of PUFA CLs were detected in plasma of rats exposed to rotenone. Characterization of oxidatively modified CL molecular species in SN and detection of PUFA-containing CL species in plasma may contribute to better understanding of the PD pathogenesis and lead to the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anastasia M. Polimova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Daniel E. Winnica
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anna S. Vikulina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rosario M. Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jennifer McCoy
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Laurie H. Sanders
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15219, USA
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28
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Rhiem S, Riding MJ, Baumgartner W, Martin FL, Semple KT, Jones KC, Schäffer A, Maes HM. Interactions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with algal cells: quantification of association, visualization of uptake, and measurement of alterations in the composition of cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:431-9. [PMID: 25467692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered promising materials in nanotechnology. We quantified CNT accumulation by the alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. Cells were exposed to radiolabeled CNTs ((14)C-CNTs;1 mg/L) to determine uptake and association, as well as elimination and dissociation in clear media.Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to detect effects of CNTs on algae. CNT-cell interactions were visualized by electron microscopy and related to alterations in their cell composition. A concentration factor of 5000 L/kg dry weight was calculated. Most of the material agglomerated around the cells, but single tubes were detected in the cytoplasm. Computational analyses of the ATR-FTIR data showed that CNT treated algae differed from controls at all sampling times.CNT exposure changed the biochemical composition of cells. The fact that CNTs are bioavailable for algae and that they influence the cell composition is important with regard to environmental risk assessment of this nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rhiem
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Docter D, Westmeier D, Markiewicz M, Stolte S, Knauer SK, Stauber RH. The nanoparticle biomolecule corona: lessons learned – challenge accepted? Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6094-121. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides the wide use of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in technical products, their applications are not only increasing in biotechnology and biomedicine, but also in the environmental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Docter
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
| | - D. Westmeier
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
| | - M. Markiewicz
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT)
- University of Bremen
- Bremen
| | - S. Stolte
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT)
- University of Bremen
- Bremen
- Department of Environmental Analytics
| | - S. K. Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology
- CENIDE
- Mainz Scientific Screening Center UG&Co. KG
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45117 Essen
| | - R. H. Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT
- University Medical Center of Mainz
- 55101 Mainz
- Germany
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Matsura T. Oxidized phosphatidylserine: production and bioactivities. Yonago Acta Med 2014; 57:119-127. [PMID: 25901098 PMCID: PMC4402403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of analytical methods for lipid hydroperoxides and preparation of highly pure lipid hydroperoxides have revealed the important new pathophysiological roles of oxidized phospholipids. Generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress leads to random oxidation of membrane phospholipids. However, recent studies have reported that anionic phospholipid molecules such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and cardiolipin are preferentially oxidized during apoptosis, resulting in efficient apoptosis execution and apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes. This review is exclusively focused on selective production of oxidized PS (oxPS) during apoptosis as well as the novel roles of oxPS under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Matsura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an important class of nanomaterials, which have numerous novel properties that make them useful in technology and industry. Generally, there are two types of CNTs: single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes. SWNTs, in particular, possess unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, allowing for a wide range of applications in various fields, including the electronic, computer, aerospace, and biomedical industries. However, the use of SWNTs has come under scrutiny, not only due to their peculiar nanotoxicological profile, but also due to the forecasted increase in SWNT production in the near future. As such, the risk of human exposure is likely to be increased substantially. Yet, our understanding of the toxicological risk of SWNTs in human biology remains limited. This review seeks to examine representative data on the nanotoxicity of SWNTs by first considering how SWNTs are absorbed, distributed, accumulated and excreted in a biological system, and how SWNTs induce organ-specific toxicity in the body. The contradictory findings of numerous studies with regards to the potential hazards of SWNT exposure are discussed in this review. The possible mechanisms and molecular pathways associated with SWNT nanotoxicity in target organs and specific cell types are presented. We hope that this review will stimulate further research into the fundamental aspects of CNTs, especially the biological interactions which arise due to the unique intrinsic characteristics of CNTs.
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E3 ligase subunit Fbxo15 and PINK1 kinase regulate cardiolipin synthase 1 stability and mitochondrial function in pneumonia. Cell Rep 2014; 7:476-487. [PMID: 24703837 PMCID: PMC4085683 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is linked to mitochondrial injury, resulting in impaired cellular oxygen utilization; however, it is unknown how these events are linked on the molecular level. Cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific lipid, is generated by cardiolipin synthase (CLS1). Here, we show that S. aureus activates a ubiquitin E3 ligase component, Fbxo15, that is sufficient to mediate proteasomal degradation of CLS1 in epithelia, resulting in decreased cardiolipin availability and disrupted mitochondrial function. CLS1 is destabilized by the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), which binds CLS1 to phosphorylate and regulates CLS1 disposal. Like Fbxo15, PINK1 interacts with and regulates levels of CLS1 through a mechanism dependent upon Thr219. S. aureus infection upregulates this Fbxo15-PINK1 pathway to impair mitochondrial integrity, and Pink1 knockout mice are less prone to S. aureus-induced ALI. Thus, ALI-associated disruption of cellular bioenergetics involves bioeffectors that utilize a phosphodegron to elicit ubiquitin-mediated disposal of a key mitochondrial enzyme.
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Tyurina YY, Domingues RM, Tyurin VA, Maciel E, Domingues P, Amoscato AA, Bayir H, Kagan VE. Characterization of cardiolipins and their oxidation products by LC-MS analysis. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 179:3-10. [PMID: 24333544 PMCID: PMC4025908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipins, a class of mitochondria-specific lipid molecules, is one of the most unusual and ancient phospholipids found in essentially all living species. Typical of mammalian cells is the presence of vulnerable to oxidation polyunsaturated fatty acid resides in CL molecules. The overall role and involvement of cardiolipin oxidation (CLox) products in major intracellular signaling as well as extracellular inflammatory and immune responses have been established. However, identification of individual peroxidized molecular species in the context of their ability to induce specific biological responses has not been yet achieved. This is due, at least in part, to technological difficulties in detection, identification, structural characterization and quantitation of CLox associated with their very low abundance and exquisite diversification. This dictates the need for the development of new methodologies for reliable, sensitive and selective analysis of both CLox. LC-MS-based oxidative lipidomics with high mass accuracy instrumentation as well as new software packages are promising in achieving the goals of expedited and reliable analysis of cardiolipin oxygenated species in biosamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Rosario M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Stoyanovsky DA, Sparvero LJ, Amoscato AA, He RR, Watkins S, Pitt BR, Bayir H, Kagan VE. Improved spatial resolution of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of lipids in the brain by alkylated derivatives of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:403-12. [PMID: 24497278 PMCID: PMC3973445 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is one of the major techniques for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of biological systems along with secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and desorption electrospray mass spectrometry (DESI). The inherent variability of MALDI-MSI signals within intact tissues is related to the heterogeneity of both the sample surface and the matrix crystallization. To circumvent some of these limitations of MALDI-MSI, we have developed improved matrices for lipid analysis based on structural modification of the commonly used matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). METHODS We have synthesized DHB containing -C6H13 and -C12H25 alkyl chains and applied these matrices to rat brain using a capillary sprayer. We utilized a Bruker Ultraflex II MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer to analyze lipid extracts and tissue sections, and examined these sections with polarized light microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. RESULTS O-alkylation of DHB yields matrices, which, when applied to brain sections, follow a trend of phase transition from crystals to an oily layer in the sequence DHB → DHB-C6H13 → DHB-C12H25 . MALDI-MSI images acquired with DHB-C12H25 exhibited a considerably higher density of lipids than DHB. CONCLUSIONS Comparative experiments with DHB and DHB-C12H25 are presented, which indicate that the latter matrix affords higher lateral resolution than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Stoyanovsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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Goetzman ES, Alcorn JF, Bharathi SS, Uppala R, McHugh KJ, Kosmider B, Chen R, Zuo YY, Beck ME, McKinney RW, Skilling H, Suhrie KR, Karunanidhi A, Yeasted R, Otsubo C, Ellis B, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Mallampalli RK, Vockley J. Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency as a cause of pulmonary surfactant dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10668-10679. [PMID: 24591516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme whose expression in humans is low or absent in organs known to utilize fatty acids for energy such as heart, muscle, and liver. This study demonstrates localization of LCAD to human alveolar type II pneumocytes, which synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant. The physiological role of LCAD and the fatty acid oxidation pathway in lung was subsequently studied using LCAD knock-out mice. Lung fatty acid oxidation was reduced in LCAD(-/-) mice. LCAD(-/-) mice demonstrated reduced pulmonary compliance, but histological examination of lung tissue revealed no obvious signs of inflammation or pathology. The changes in lung mechanics were found to be due to pulmonary surfactant dysfunction. Large aggregate surfactant isolated from LCAD(-/-) mouse lavage fluid had significantly reduced phospholipid content as well as alterations in the acyl chain composition of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. LCAD(-/-) surfactant demonstrated functional abnormalities when subjected to dynamic compression-expansion cycling on a constrained drop surfactometer. Serum albumin, which has been shown to degrade and inactivate pulmonary surfactant, was significantly increased in LCAD(-/-) lavage fluid, suggesting increased epithelial permeability. Finally, we identified two cases of sudden unexplained infant death where no lung LCAD antigen was detectable. Both infants were homozygous for an amino acid changing polymorphism (K333Q). These findings for the first time identify the fatty acid oxidation pathway and LCAD in particular as factors contributing to the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Radha Uppala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Rimei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Megan E Beck
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Richard W McKinney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Helen Skilling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Kristen R Suhrie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Renita Yeasted
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Chikara Otsubo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Bryon Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Martinez DST, Franchi LP, Freria CM, Ferreira OP, Filho AGS, Alves OL, Takahashi CS. Carbon Nanotubes: From Synthesis to Genotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hussain S, Garantziotis S, Rodrigues-Lima F, Dupret JM, Baeza-Squiban A, Boland S. Intracellular signal modulation by nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:111-34. [PMID: 24683030 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems and the resulting activation of signal transduction pathways is essential for the development of safe and consumer friendly nanotechnology. Here we present an overview of signaling pathways induced by nanomaterial exposures and describe the possible correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with biological outcomes. In addition to the hierarchical oxidative stress model and a review of the intrinsic and cell-mediated mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacities of nanomaterials, we also discuss other oxidative stress dependent and independent cellular signaling pathways. Induction of the inflammasome, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are reviewed. Furthermore, the uptake mechanisms can be of crucial importance for the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and membrane-dependent signaling pathways have also been shown to be responsible for cellular effects of nanomaterials. Epigenetic regulation by nanomaterials, effects of nanoparticle-protein interactions on cell signaling pathways, and the induction of various cell death modalities by nanomaterials are described. We describe the common trigger mechanisms shared by various nanomaterials to induce cell death pathways and describe the interplay of different modalities in orchestrating the final outcome after nanomaterial exposures. A better understanding of signal modulations induced by nanomaterials is not only essential for the synthesis and design of safer nanomaterials but will also help to discover potential nanomedical applications of these materials. Several biomedical applications based on the different signaling pathways induced by nanomaterials are already proposed and will certainly gain a great deal of attraction in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Hussain
- Clinical Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,
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Baoukina S, Monticelli L, Tieleman DP. Interaction of Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes with Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:12113-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Baoukina
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Simulation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Luca Monticelli
- DSIMB, INSERM, UMR-S 665, Paris, 75015, France
- Université Paris Diderot − Paris 7, Paris, 75015, France
- INTS, Paris, 75015, France
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Simulation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
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Lee BW, Kadoya C, Horie M, Mizuguchi Y, Hashiba M, Kambara T, Okada T, Myojo T, Oyabu T, Ogami A, Morimoto Y, Tanaka I, Uchida K, Endoh S, Nakanishi J. Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of short and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:609-20. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.821562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tyurina YY, Winnica DE, Kapralova VI, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Kagan VE. LC/MS characterization of rotenone induced cardiolipin oxidation in human lymphocytes: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1410-22. [PMID: 23650208 PMCID: PMC3810210 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Rotenone is a toxicant believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Using human peripheral blood lymphocytes we demonstrated that exposure to rotenone resulted in disruption of electron transport accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species, development of apoptosis and elevation of peroxidase activity of mitochondria. Employing LC/MS-based lipidomics/oxidative lipidomics we characterized molecular species of cardiolipin (CL) and its oxidation/hydrolysis products formed early in apoptosis and associated with the rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION The major oxidized CL species - tetra-linoleoyl-CL - underwent oxidation to yield epoxy-C18:2 and dihydroxy-C18:2 derivatives predominantly localized in sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. In addition, accumulation of mono-lyso-CL species and oxygenated free C18:2 were detected in rotenone-treated lymphocytes. These oxidation/hydrolysis products may be useful for the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Daniel E. Winnica
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Andón FT, Fadeel B. Programmed cell death: molecular mechanisms and implications for safety assessment of nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:733-42. [PMID: 22720979 DOI: 10.1021/ar300020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials offer numerous and tantalizing opportunities in many sectors of society, including medicine. Needless to say, attention should also be paid to the potential for unexpected hazardous effects of these novel materials. To date, much of the nanotoxicology literature has focused on the assessment of cell viability or cell death using primitive assays for the detection of plasma membrane integrity or mitochondrial function or assessment of cellular morphology. However, when assessing the cytotoxic effects of engineered nanomaterials, researchers need not only to consider whether cells are dead or alive but also to assess which of the numerous, highly specific pathways of cell death might be involved. Moreover, it is important to diagnose cell death based not only on morphological markers but on the assessment and quantification of biochemical alterations specific to each form of cell death. In this Account, we provide a description of the three major forms of programmed cell death in mammalian cells: apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and regulated necrosis, sometimes referred to as necroptosis. Apoptosis can be activated via the extrinsic (death receptor-dependent) or via the intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) route. Apoptotic cell death may or may not require the activation of cytosolic proteases known as caspases. Autophagy (self-eating) has an important homeostatic role in the cell, mediating the removal of dysfunctional or damaged organelles thereby allowing the recycling of cellular building blocks. However, unrestrained autophagy can kill cells. Studies in recent years have revealed that necrosis that depends on activation of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 is a major form of programmed cell death with roles in development and immunity. We also discuss recent examples of the impact of engineered nanoparticles on the three different pathways of programmed cell death. For example, acute exposure of cells to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can induce apoptosis whereas chronic exposure to CNTs may yield an apoptosis-resistant and tumorigenic phenotype in lung epithelial cells. Several reports show that nanoparticles, including polystyrene particles, are routed to the lysosomal compartment and trigger cell death through the destabilization of lysosomal membranes with engagement of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In addition, a number of studies have demonstrated that nanomaterials such as CNTs, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles can affect cellular autophagy. An improved understanding of the complexities of the nanomaterial-induced perturbation of different cell death pathways may allow for a better prediction of the consequences of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres Andón
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lindberg HK, Falck GCM, Singh R, Suhonen S, Järventaus H, Vanhala E, Catalán J, Farmer PB, Savolainen KM, Norppa H. Genotoxicity of short single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes in human bronchial epithelial and mesothelial cells in vitro. Toxicology 2012; 313:24-37. [PMID: 23266321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although some types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been described to induce mesothelioma in rodents and genotoxic effects in various cell systems, there are few previous studies on the genotoxicity of CNTs in mesothelial cells. Here, we examined in vitro DNA damage induction by short multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs; 10-30 nm × 1-2 μm) and single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs; >50% SWCNTs, ~40% other CNTs; <2 nm × 1-5 μm) in human mesothelial (MeT-5A) cells and bronchial epithelial (BEAS 2B) cells, using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay and the immunoslot blot assay for the detection of malondialdehyde (M1dG) DNA adducts. In BEAS 2B cells, we also studied the induction of micronuclei (MN) by the CNTs using the cytokinesis-block method. The cells were exposed to the CNTs (5-200 μg/cm(2), corresponding to 19-760 μg/ml) for 24 and 48h in the comet assay and for 48 and 72 h in the MN and M1dG assays. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed more MWCNT fibres and SWCNT clusters in BEAS 2B than MeT-5A cells, but no significant differences were seen in intracellular dose expressed as area of SWCNT clusters between TEM sections of the cell lines. In MeT-5A cells, both CNTs caused a dose-dependent induction of DNA damage (% DNA in comet tail) in the 48-h treatment and SWCNTs additionally in the 24-h treatment, with a statistically significant increase at 40 μg/cm(2) of SWCNTs and (after 48 h) 80 μg/cm(2) of both CNTs. SWCNTs also elevated the level of M1dG DNA adducts at 1, 5, 10 and 40 μg/cm(2) after the 48-h treatment, but both CNTs decreased M1dG adduct level at several doses after the 72-h treatment. In BEAS 2B cells, SWCNTs induced a statistically significant increase in DNA damage at 80 and 120 μg/cm(2) after the 24-h treatment and in M1dG adduct level at 5 μg/cm(2) after 48 h and 10 and 40 μg/cm(2) after 72 h; MWCNTs did not affect the level of DNA damage but produced a decrease in M1dG adducts in the 72-h treatment. The CNTs did not affect the level of MN. In conclusion, MWCNTs and SWCNTs induced DNA damage in MeT-5A cells but showed a lower (SWCNTs) or no (MWCNTs) effect in BEAS 2B cells, suggesting that MeT-5A cells were more sensitive to the DNA-damaging effect of CNTs than BEAS 2B cells, despite the fact that more CNT fibres or clusters were seen in BEAS 2B than MeT-5A cells. M1dG DNA adducts were induced by SWCNTs but decreased after a 3-day exposure to MWCNTs and (in MeT-5A cells) SWCNTs, indicating that CNTs may lead to alterations in oxidative effects within the cells. Neither of the CNTs was able to produce chromosomal damage (MN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Lindberg
- Nanosafety Research Center, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; Safe New Technologies, Work Environment Development, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Nanomaterials toxicity and cell death modalities. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:167896. [PMID: 23304518 PMCID: PMC3523142 DOI: 10.1155/2012/167896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the nanotechnology advancement has developed a plethora of novel and intriguing nanomaterial application in many sectors, including research and medicine. However, many risks have been highlighted in their use, particularly related to their unexpected toxicity in vitro and in vivo experimental models. This paper proposes an overview concerning the cell death modalities induced by the major nanomaterials.
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Schlattner U, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Ramirez S, Tyurina YY, Amoscato AA, Mohammadyani D, Huang Z, Jiang J, Yanamala N, Seffouh A, Boissan M, Epand RF, Epand RM, Klein-Seetharaman J, Lacombe ML, Kagan VE. Dual function of mitochondrial Nm23-H4 protein in phosphotransfer and intermembrane lipid transfer: a cardiolipin-dependent switch. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:111-21. [PMID: 23150663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.408633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoside diphosphate kinase Nm23-H4/NDPK-D forms symmetrical hexameric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space with phosphotransfer activity using mitochondrial ATP to regenerate nucleoside triphosphates. We demonstrate the complex formation between Nm23-H4 and mitochondrial GTPase OPA1 in rat liver, suggesting its involvement in local and direct GTP delivery. Similar to OPA1, Nm23-H4 is further known to strongly bind in vitro to anionic phospholipids, mainly cardiolipin, and in vivo to the inner mitochondrial membrane. We show here that such protein-lipid complexes inhibit nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity but are necessary for another function of Nm23-H4, selective intermembrane lipid transfer. Mitochondrial lipid distribution was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using HeLa cells expressing either wild-type Nm23-H4 or a membrane binding-deficient mutant at a site predicted based on molecular modeling to be crucial for cardiolipin binding and transfer mechanism. We found that wild type, but not the mutant enzyme, selectively increased the content of cardiolipin in the outer mitochondrial membrane, but the distribution of other more abundant phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) remained unchanged. HeLa cells expressing the wild-type enzyme showed increased accumulation of Bax in mitochondria and were sensitized to rotenone-induced apoptosis as revealed by stimulated release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, elevated caspase 3/7 activity, and increased annexin V binding. Based on these data and molecular modeling, we propose that Nm23-H4 acts as a lipid-dependent mitochondrial switch with dual function in phosphotransfer serving local GTP supply and cardiolipin transfer for apoptotic signaling and putative other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schlattner
- From the Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics and Federative Research Structure Environmental and Systems Biology, University Joseph Fourier, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Samhan-Arias AK, Ji J, Demidova OM, Sparvero LJ, Feng W, Tyurin V, Tyurina YY, Epperly MW, Shvedova AA, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Kagan VE, Amoscato AA. Oxidized phospholipids as biomarkers of tissue and cell damage with a focus on cardiolipin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1818:2413-23. [PMID: 22464971 PMCID: PMC3398793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipid species are important, biologically relevant, lipid signaling molecules that usually exist in low abundance in biological tissues. Along with their inherent stability issues, these oxidized lipids present themselves as a challenge in their detection and identification. Often times, oxidized lipid species can co-chromatograph with non-oxidized species making the detection of the former extremely difficult, even with the use of mass spectrometry. In this study, a normal-phase and reverse-phase two dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometric system was applied to separate oxidized phospholipids from their non-oxidized counterparts, allowing unambiguous detection in a total lipid extract. We have utilized bovine heart cardiolipin as well as commercially available tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin oxidized with cytochrome c (cyt c) and hydrogen peroxide as well as with lipoxygenase to test the separation power of the system. Our findings indicate that oxidized species of not only cardiolipin, but other phospholipid species, can be effectively separated from their non-oxidized counterparts in this two dimensional system. We utilized three types of biological tissues and oxidative insults, namely rotenone treatment of lymphocytes to induce mitochondrial damage and cell death, pulmonary inhalation exposure to single walled carbon nanotubes, as well as total body irradiation, in order to identify cardiolipin oxidation products, critical to the cell damage/cell death pathways in these tissues following cellular stress/injury. Our results indicate that selective cardiolipin (CL) oxidation is a result of a non-random free radical process. In addition, we assessed the ability of the system to identify CL oxidation products in the brain, a tissue known for its extreme complexity and diversity of CL species. The ability of the two dimensional HPLC-mass spectrometric system to detect and characterize oxidized lipid products will allow new studies to be formulated to probe the answers to biologically important questions with regard to oxidative lipidomics and cellular insult. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidized phospholipids - their properties and interactions with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Olga M. Demidova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Louis J. Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Weihong Feng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vladimir Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Sparvero L, Amoscato A, Dixon C, Long J, Kochanek P, Pitt B, Bayir H, Kagan V. Mapping of phospholipids by MALDI imaging (MALDI-MSI): realities and expectations. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:545-62. [PMID: 22692104 PMCID: PMC3642772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has emerged as a novel powerful MS methodology that has the ability to generate both molecular and spatial information within a tissue section. Application of this technology as a new type of biochemical lipid microscopy may lead to new discoveries of the lipid metabolism and biomarkers associated with area-specific alterations or damage under stress/disease conditions such as traumatic brain injury or acute lung injury, among others. However there are limitations in the range of what it can detect as compared with liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) of a lipid extract from a tissue section. The goal of the current work was to critically consider remarkable new opportunities along with the limitations and approaches for further improvements of MALDI-MSI. Based on our experimental data and assessments, improvements of the spectral and spatial resolution, sensitivity and specificity towards low abundance species of lipids are proposed. This is followed by a review of the current literature, including methodologies that other laboratories have used to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Sparvero
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - A.A. Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - C.E. Dixon
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - J.B. Long
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 21910, USA
| | - P.M. Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - B.R. Pitt
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - H. Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - V.E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Murray AR, Kisin ER, Tkach AV, Yanamala N, Mercer R, Young SH, Fadeel B, Kagan VE, Shvedova AA. Factoring-in agglomeration of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers for better prediction of their toxicity versus asbestos. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:10. [PMID: 22490147 PMCID: PMC3379937 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are allotropes of carbon featuring fibrous morphology. The dimensions and high aspect ratio of CNT and CNF have prompted the comparison with naturally occurring asbestos fibers which are known to be extremely pathogenic. While the toxicity and hazardous outcomes elicited by airborne exposure to single-walled CNT or asbestos have been widely reported, very limited data are currently available describing adverse effects of respirable CNF. Results Here, we assessed pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress markers and systemic immune responses to respirable CNF in comparison to single-walled CNT (SWCNT) and asbestos. Pulmonary inflammatory and fibrogenic responses to CNF, SWCNT and asbestos varied depending upon the agglomeration state of the particles/fibers. Foci of granulomatous lesions and collagen deposition were associated with dense particle-like SWCNT agglomerates, while no granuloma formation was found following exposure to fiber-like CNF or asbestos. The average thickness of the alveolar connective tissue - a marker of interstitial fibrosis - was increased 28 days post SWCNT, CNF or asbestos exposure. Exposure to SWCNT, CNF or asbestos resulted in oxidative stress evidenced by accumulations of 4-HNE and carbonylated proteins in the lung tissues. Additionally, local inflammatory and fibrogenic responses were accompanied by modified systemic immunity, as documented by decreased proliferation of splenic T cells ex vivo on day 28 post exposure. The accuracies of assessments of effective surface area for asbestos, SWCNT and CNF (based on geometrical analysis of their agglomeration) versus estimates of mass dose and number of particles were compared as predictors of toxicological outcomes. Conclusions We provide evidence that effective surface area along with mass dose rather than specific surface area or particle number are significantly correlated with toxicological responses to carbonaceous fibrous nanoparticles. Therefore, they could be useful dose metrics for risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Murray
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Shvedova AA, Pietroiusti A, Fadeel B, Kagan VE. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced toxicity: focus on oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:121-33. [PMID: 22513272 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are emerging as highly promising technologies in many sectors in the society. However, the increasing use of engineered nanomaterials also raises concerns about inadvertent exposure to these materials and the potential for adverse effects on human health and the environment. Despite several years of intensive investigations, a common paradigm for the understanding of nanoparticle-induced toxicity remains to be firmly established. Here, the so-called oxidative stress paradigm is scrutinized. Does oxidative stress represent a secondary event resulting inevitably from disruption of biochemical processes and the demise of the cell, or a specific, non-random event that plays a role in the induction of cellular damage e.g. apoptosis? The answer to this question will have important ramifications for the development of strategies for mitigation of adverse effects of nanoparticles. Recent examples of global lipidomics studies of nanoparticle-induced tissue damage are discussed along with proteomics and transcriptomics approaches to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the complex and interrelated molecular changes in cells and tissues exposed to nanoparticles. We also discuss instances of non-oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage resulting from direct physical interference of nanomaterials with cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipidomics characterizes the composition of intact lipid molecular species in biological systems and the field has been driven by some spectacular advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and applications. This review will highlight these advances and outline their recent application to address clinical issues. RECENT FINDINGS This review first identifies recent advances in lipid detection and analysis by a variety of mass spectrometry techniques, then reviews specific application including stable isotope labelling of lipids, lipid mass spectrometry imaging, data analysis and bioinformatics, and finally presents examples of the application of lipidomics to selected disease states. SUMMARY Lipidomics so far has been principally concerned with identifying novel methodologies, but recent advances demonstrating applications in diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases clearly indicate the potential usefulness of lipidomics both to generate biomarkers of disease and to probe signalling and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
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