1
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Wang C, Weng G, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao J. A review of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms: From configurations to applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342291. [PMID: 38401925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have attracted considerable attention due to their low reagent consumption, short analysis time, and ease of integration in comparison to conventional methods, but still suffer from shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers several advantages in the detection of compounds, including label-free detection at the single-molecule level, and the narrow Raman peak width for multiplexing. Combining microfluidics with SERS is a viable way to improve their detection sensitivity. Researchers have recently developed several SERS coupled microfluidic platforms with substantial potential for biomolecular detection, cellular and bacterial analysis, and hazardous substance detection. We review the current development of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms, illustrate their detection principles and construction, and summarize the latest applications in biology, environmental protection and food safety. In addition, we innovatively summarize the current status of SERS coupled multi-mode microfluidic platforms with other detection technologies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and countermeasures during the development of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms, as well as predict the future development trend of SERS coupled microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guojun Weng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jianjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junwu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
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2
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Wang X, Chen C, Chen C, Zuo E, Han S, Yang J, Yan Z, Lv X, Hou J, Jia Z. Novel SERS biosensor for rapid detection of breast cancer based on Ag 2O-Ag-PSi nanochips. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123226. [PMID: 37567026 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ag2O-Ag-PSi (porous silicon) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip was successfully synthesized by electrochemical corrosion, in situ reduction and heat treatment technology. The influence of different heat treatment temperature on SERS performance of the chip is studied. The results show that the chip treated at 300 °C has the best SERS performance. The chip was composed of Ag2O-Ag nano core shell with a diameter of 40-60 nm and porous silicon substrate. Then, the optimized chip was used to perform SERS test on serum samples from 30 healthy volunteers and 30 early breast cancer patients, and the baseline was corrected by LabSpec6 software. Finally, the data were analyzed by principal component analysis combined with t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (PCA-t-SNE). The results showed that the accuracy of the improved substrate combined with multivariate statistical method was 98%. The shelf life of the chips exceeded six months due to the presence of the Ag2O shell. This study provides a basis for developing a low-cost rapid and sensitive early screening technology for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Enguang Zuo
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shibin Han
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ziwei Yan
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Junwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Zhenhong Jia
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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3
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Zhang M, Yang J, Yang L, Li Z. A robust SERS calibration using a pseudo-internal intensity reference. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7403-7409. [PMID: 36970765 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with high molecular sensitivity and specificity is a powerful nondestructive analytical tool. Since its discovery, SERS measurements have suffered from the vulnerability of calibration curve, which makes quantification analysis a great challenge. In this work, we report a robust calibration method by introducing a referenced measurement as the intensity standard. This intensity reference not only has the advantages of the internal standard method such as reflecting the SERS substrate enhancement, but also avoids the introduction of competing adsorption between target molecules and the internal standard. Based on the normalized calibration curve, the magnitude of the R6G concentration can be well evaluated from 10-7 M to 10-12 M. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this pseudo-internal standard method can also work well using a different type of molecule as the reference. This SERS calibration method would be beneficial for the development of quantitative SERS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jingran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Longkun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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4
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Bai S, Ma Y, Obata K, Sugioka K. Ultraminiaturized Microfluidic Electrochemical Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Chip for Analysis of Neurotransmitters Fabricated by Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Integration. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- School of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Ying Ma
- Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology No.19 North Qingyuan Road, Daxing District Beijing 102617 China
| | - Kotaro Obata
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Koji Sugioka
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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5
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Traditional vs. Microfluidic Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031875. [PMID: 36768199 PMCID: PMC9916368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics provides a precise synthesis of micro-/nanostructures for various applications, including bioengineering and medicine. In this review article, traditional and microfluidic synthesis methods of zinc oxide (ZnO) are compared concerning particle size distribution, morphology, applications, reaction parameters, used reagents, and microfluidic device materials. Challenges of traditional synthesis methods are reviewed in a manner where microfluidic approaches may overcome difficulties related to synthesis precision, bulk materials, and reproducibility.
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6
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Luo Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Wen P, Gong Y, Li C, Xu S. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of crystal facet exposure on the charge transfer and SERS activity of ZnO films. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16220-16232. [PMID: 36281819 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors exhibit great potential as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate due to their low cost, good stability and biocompatibility. However, the extensive application of semiconductors has been restricted by their intrinsically low SERS sensitivity. It is urgently required to design uniform metal oxide substrates with enhanced charge transfer and SERS activity. Herein, three facet-defined ({101̄0}, {0001} and {101̄1}) ZnO films were synthesized via an electrodeposition procedure with the assistance of KCl or ethylenediamine. According to the results, the ZnO films with {0001} and {101̄1} exposed facets exhibit appreciable SERS enhancement factors (EFs) of 1.6 × 104 and 2.8 × 104 for 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT), as well as a relatively low limit of detection (LOD) down to 1 × 10-6 M and 5 × 10-7 M, respectively. Simultaneously, the electrodeposited ZnO films deliver good repeatability and SERS stability, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6% and 85.2% of their original activity retained after 40 days. Theoretical calculations verified that the {0001} and {101̄1} facets can transfer more electrons from ZnO to the molecules on account of their low facet-related electronic work functions, thus generating the noticeable improvement of SERS activity. The current study provides theoretical and technical support for the crystal facet engineering and property improvement of semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Luo
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lengyuan Niu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peipei Wen
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yinyan Gong
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Can Li
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiqing Xu
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based biosensing: A review. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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8
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Panneerselvam R, Sadat H, Höhn EM, Das A, Noothalapati H, Belder D. Microfluidics and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a win-win combination? LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:665-682. [PMID: 35107464 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, analytical techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) render structural and chemical information of a variety of analyte molecules in ultra-low concentration. Although this technique is making significant progress in various fields, the reproducibility of SERS measurements and sensitivity towards small molecules are still daunting challenges. In this regard, microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MF-SERS) is well on its way to join the toolbox of analytical chemists. This review article explains how MF-SERS is becoming a powerful tool in analytical chemistry. We critically present the developments in SERS substrates for microfluidic devices and how these substrates in microfluidic channels can improve the SERS sensitivity, reproducibility, and detection limit. We then introduce the building materials for microfluidic platforms and their types such as droplet, centrifugal, and digital microfluidics. Finally, we enumerate some challenges and future directions in microfluidic SERS. Overall, this article showcases the potential and versatility of microfluidic SERS in overcoming the inherent issues in the SERS technique and also discusses the advantage of adding SERS to the arsenal of microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India.
| | - Hasan Sadat
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Höhn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anish Das
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Hao N, Wang Z, Liu P, Becker R, Yang S, Yang K, Pei Z, Zhang P, Xia J, Shen L, Wang L, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Sanders L, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multimodal diagnostic system for Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113730. [PMID: 34736099 PMCID: PMC8643320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects tens of millions of older adults worldwide and has significant economic and societal impacts. Despite its prevalence and severity, early diagnosis of AD remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an integrated acoustofluidics-based diagnostic system (ADx), which combines triple functions of acoustics, microfluidics, and orthogonal biosensors for clinically accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of AD biomarkers from human plasma. We design and fabricate a surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidic separation device to isolate and purify AD biomarkers to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Multimodal biosensors within the integrated ADx are fabricated by in-situ patterning of the ZnO nanorod array and deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto the ZnO nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical immunosensors. We obtain the label-free detections of SERS and electrochemical immunoassay of clinical plasma samples from AD patients and healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. We believe that this efficient integration provides promising solutions for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Laurie Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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10
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Li S, Wang Z, Shao Y, Zhang K, Mei L, Wang J. In situ detection of fluid media based on a three-dimensional dendritic silver surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple substitution reaction was used to grow 3D dendritic silver structures in microfluidic channels, and a highly active SERS detection platform was formed. The system can realize in situ detection of 10−10 mol L−1 R6G solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Yunpeng Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Linyu Mei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
| | - Junyuan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
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11
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Yang X, Liu Y, Lam SH, Wang J, Wen S, Yam C, Shao L, Wang J. Site-Selective Deposition of Metal-Organic Frameworks on Gold Nanobipyramids for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8205-8212. [PMID: 34533323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective deposition of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on metal nanocrystals has remained challenging because of the difficult control of the nucleation and growth of MOFs. Herein we report on a facile wet-chemistry approach for the selective deposition of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on anisotropic Au nanobipyramids (NBPs) and nanorods. ZIF-8 is selectively deposited at the ends and waist and around the entire surface of the elongated Au nanocrystals. The NBP-based nanostructures with end-deposited ZIF-8 exhibit the best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance, implying that molecules can be concentrated by ZIF-8 at the hot spots. In addition, the SERS signal exhibits good selectivity for small molecules because of the molecular sieving effect of ZIF-8. This study opens up a promising route for constructing plasmonic nanostructures with site selectively deposited ZIF-8, which hold enormous potential for molecular sensing, optical switching, and plasmonic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Shiu Hei Lam
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR , People's Republic of China
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12
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Edri E, Armon N, Greenberg E, Moshe-Tsurel S, Lubotzky D, Salzillo T, Perelshtein I, Tkachev M, Girshevitz O, Shpaisman H. Laser Printing of Multilayered Alternately Conducting and Insulating Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36416-36425. [PMID: 34296861 PMCID: PMC8397236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of multilayered microstructures composed of conducting and insulating materials is of great interest as they can be utilized as microelectronic components. Current proposed fabrication methods of these microstructures include top-down and bottom-up methods, each having their own set of drawbacks. Laser-based methods were shown to pattern various materials with micron/sub-micron resolution; however, multilayered structures demonstrating conducting/insulating/conducting properties were not yet realized. Here, we demonstrate laser printing of multilayered microstructures consisting of conducting platinum and insulating silicon oxide layers by a combination of thermally driven reactions with microbubble-assisted printing. PtCl2 dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a precursor to form conducting Pt layers, while tetraethyl orthosilicate dissolved in NMP formed insulating silicon oxide layers identified by Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate control over the height of the insulating layer between ∼50 and 250 nm by varying the laser power and number of iterations. The resistivity of the silicon oxide layer at 0.5 V was 1.5 × 1011 Ωm. Other materials that we studied were found to be porous and prone to cracking, rendering them irrelevant as insulators. Finally, we show how microfluidics can enhance multilayered laser microprinting by quickly switching between precursors. The concepts presented here could provide new opportunities for simple fabrication of multilayered microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Edri
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nina Armon
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ehud Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomit Moshe-Tsurel
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Danielle Lubotzky
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maria Tkachev
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga Girshevitz
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hagay Shpaisman
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
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13
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Nie Y, Jin C, Zhang JXJ. Microfluidic In Situ Patterning of Silver Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Sensing of Biomolecules. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2584-2592. [PMID: 34148342 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work integrates the advantages of microfluidic devices, nanoparticle synthesis, and on-chip sensing of biomolecules. The concept of microreactors brings new opportunities in chemical synthesis, especially for metallic nanoparticles favorable in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for high-resolution and low-limit detection of biomolecules. However, still missing is our understanding of reactions at the microscale and how microsystems can be exploited in biosensing applications via precise control of nanomaterial synthesis. We investigate how microfluidic geometry affects nanoparticle patterning for high-resolution SERS-based sensing and propose a spiral-shaped microchannel that can achieve enhanced mixing, rapid reaction at room temperature, and uniform in situ patterning. The roles of channel geometry as the key parameter on patterning have been studied systematically to provide insight into the rational design of continuous microfluidic systems for SERS applications. We also demonstrate potential applications of this integrated system in label-free on-chip detection of 1 pM rhodamine B (enhancement factor, ∼4.3 × 1011) and a 1 nM 41-base single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence (enhancement factor, ∼1.5 × 108). Our ready-to-use multifunctional system provides an alternative strategy for the facile fabrication of SERS-active substrates and promotes system integration, miniaturization, and on-site biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Congran Jin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - John X. J. Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr., Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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14
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Qin L, Mawignon FJ, Hussain M, Ange NK, Lu S, Hafezi M, Dong G. Economic Friendly ZnO-Based UV Sensors Using Hydrothermal Growth: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4083. [PMID: 34361276 PMCID: PMC8347016 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) sensors offer significant advantages in human health protection and environmental pollution monitoring. Amongst various materials for UV sensors, the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure is considered as one of the most promising candidates due to its incredible electrical, optical, biomedical, energetic and preparing properties. Compared to other fabricating techniques, hydrothermal synthesis has been proven to show special advantages such as economic cost, low-temperature process and excellent and high-yield production. Here, we summarize the latest progress in research about the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for UV sensing. We particularly focus on the selective hydrothermal processes and reveal the effect of key factors/parameters on ZnO architectures, such as the laser power source, temperature, growth time, precursor, seeding solution and bases. Furthermore, ZnO hydrothermal nanostructures for UV applications as well as their mechanisms are also summarized. This review will therefore enlighten future ideas of low-temperature and low-cost ZnO-based UV sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Institute of Design Science and Basic Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (F.J.M.); (M.H.); (N.K.A.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (G.D.)
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15
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Ju L, Shi J, Liu C, Huang Y, Sun X. Optoplasmonic film for SERS. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119698. [PMID: 33773433 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combining plasmonic and photonic elements, optoplasmonic hybrid structure exhibits excellent optical properties beyond conventional plasmonic or photonic structures. In this work, the optoplasmonic film consists of SiO2 microsphere and Au film without any nanostructures is investigated. With the help of a microsphere, the intensity of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on Au film is highly enhanced (~1000 times) compared to bare Au film. The simulated electromagnetic field points out the enhancement caused by the optical lens effect of SiO2 microsphere that high light intensity is generated under the microsphere to excite surface plasmon on Au film. Furthermore, our data demonstrates the microsphere lens enhancement is greatly influenced by the size of the SiO2 microsphere and wavelength of incident light. This interesting film with a simple configuration could overcome the challenges in the fabrication and store process induced by nanostructures, which play an important role in SERS application. Our work not only enlarges the knowledge of the optoplasmonic hybrid structure, but also exhibits excellent application prospective in light harvest field e.g. enhanced spectrum, photocatalysis, optothermal effect, and hot electron generation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jialing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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16
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Zhang M, Jin C, Nie Y, Ren Y, Hao N, Xu Z, Dong L, Zhang JXJ. Silver nanoparticle on zinc oxide array for label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11329-11337. [PMID: 35423637 PMCID: PMC8695809 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid abuse is a significant public health problem. Over two million Americans have some form of addiction to opioids; however, despite governmental programs established to treat overdoses and restrict opioid distribution, there are still few screening tools that are quantitative, portable and easy to use for high-throughput mapping and monitoring this ongoing crisis. In this paper, we demonstrated a plasmonic zinc oxide (ZnO) arrays-on-silicon sensor for the label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and evaluated the chips' opioid sensing performance. Specifically, we tested our device with oxycodone, a potent and commonly abused opioid, dissolved in methanol and blood serum as a proof-of-concept study. Ag particles were in situ patterned onto the ZnO array to form the completed sensing platform. The resulting Ag@ZnO arrays were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS), and element mapping. In addition, the enhanced electric field induced by the localized surface plasmonic resonance at the Ag particle decorated ZnO is simulated using COMSOL. Opioid-containing samples at varying concentrations, from 900 μg mL-1 to 90 ng mL-1 were tested using SERS to characterize the chip's accuracy and sensitivity. We demonstrated that the sensor can reliably detect opioid concentrations as low as 90 ng mL-1 with great accuracy and sensitivity even spiked into blood serum. The chips could provide a cost-effective, high-throughput method for detecting opiate oxycodone, thereby providing a powerful tool to monitor and control the emerging public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Congran Jin
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Zhe Xu
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
| | - Lin Dong
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA
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17
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Xia L, Li G. Recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1752-1768. [PMID: 33630352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a significant analytical tool capable of fingerprint identification of molecule in a rapid and ultrasensitive manner. However, it is still hard to meet the requirements of practical sample analysis. The introduction of microfluidics can effectively enhance the performance of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in complex sample analysis including reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity, and speed. This review summarizes the recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis through four combination approaches. First, microfluidic synthetic techniques offer uniform nano-/microparticle fabrication approaches for reproductive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. Second, the integration of microchip and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic substrate provides advanced devices for sensitive and efficient detection. Third, microfluidic sample preparations enable rapid separation and preconcentration of analyte prior to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection. Fourth, highly integrated microfluidic devices can be employed to realize multistep surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis containing material fabrication, sample preparation, and detection processes. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks of the application of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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18
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Ma L, Zhang Q, Li J, Lu X, Gao C, Song P, Xia L. Ag-ZnO Nanocomposites Are Used for SERS Substrates and Promote the Coupling Reaction of PATP. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040922. [PMID: 33672047 PMCID: PMC7919486 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal-semiconductor nanocomposites have received extensive attention in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) due to their unique properties. In this paper, the Ag–ZnO nanocomposites are prepared by hydrothermal growth and simple chemical reduction immersion. The synthesized nanocomposite material simultaneously integrates the individual enhancement effects of the two materials in the SERS, such as the electromagnetic enhancement of silver nanoparticles and the chemical enhancement of ZnO semiconductor materials. Using this substrate, Rhodamine 6G molecules with a concentration as low as 10−8 M can be detected, and the coupling reaction of PATP can be effectively promoted. The nanocomposite materials prepared by selecting appropriate semiconductor materials and metal materials combined, could be potentially applied, as SERS substrates, in certain catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (L.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Qijia Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (L.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Jia Li
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuemei Lu
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Ce Gao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (L.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Peng Song
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (J.L.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-246-2202-258 (L.X.)
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; (L.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.G.)
- Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-246-2202-258 (L.X.)
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19
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Cook AL, Haycook CP, Locke AK, Mu RR, Giorgio TD. Optimization of electron beam-deposited silver nanoparticles on zinc oxide for maximally surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:407-417. [PMID: 36131740 PMCID: PMC9417751 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy enables robust, rapid analysis on highly dilute samples. To be useful, the technique needs sensing substrates that will enhance intrinsically weak Raman signals of trace analytes. In particular, three-dimensional substrates such as zinc oxide nanowires decorated with electron-beam deposited silver nanoparticles are easily fabricated and serve the dual need of structural stability and detection sensitivity. However, little has been done to optimize electron beam-deposited silver nanoparticles for maximal surface enhancement in the unique dielectric environment of the zinc oxide substrate. Herein, fabrication and anneal parameters of electron beam-deposited silver nanoparticles were examined for the purpose of maximizing surface enhancement. Specifically, this work explored the effect of changing film thickness, deposition rate, anneal temperature, and anneal time on the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. In this study, multiple sets of fabrication and annealing parameters were discovered that optimized surface plasmon resonance for maximal enhancement to Raman signals acquired with a 532 nm laser. This work represents the first characterization of the fabrication and annealing parameters for electron beam-deposited silver nanoparticles on zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | | | - Andrea K Locke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Richard R Mu
- TSU Interdisciplinary Graduate Engineering Research (TIGER) Institute, Tennessee State University Nashville TN 37209 USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
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20
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Proniewicza E, Tąta A, Starowicz M, Wójcik A, Pacek J, Molenda M. Is the electrochemical or the “green chemistry” method the optimal method for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for applications to biological material? Characterization and SERS on ZnO. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Hao N, Pei Z, Liu P, Bachman H, Naquin TD, Zhang P, Zhang J, Shen L, Yang S, Yang K, Zhao S, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Fluorescence-SERS Bimodal Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005179. [PMID: 33174375 PMCID: PMC7902458 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, the fusion of acoustics and microfluidic techniques, has recently seen increased research attention across multiple disciplines due in part to its capabilities in contactless, biocompatible, and precise manipulation of micro-/nano-objects. Herein, a bimodal signal amplification platform which relies on acoustofluidics-induced enrichment of nanoparticles is introduced. The dual-function biosensor can perform sensitive immunofluorescent or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. The platform functions by using surface acoustic waves to concentrate nanoparticles at either the center or perimeter of a glass capillary; the concentration location is adjusted simply by varying the input frequency. The immunofluorescence assay is achieved by concentrating fluorescent analytes and functionalized nanoparticles at the center of the microchannel, thereby improving the visibility of the fluorescent output. By modifying the inner wall of the glass capillary with plasmonic Ag nanoparticle-deposited ZnO nanorod arrays and focusing analytes toward the perimeter of the microchannel, SERS sensing using the same device setup is achieved. Nanosized exosomes are used as a proof-of-concept to validate the performance of the acoustofluidic bimodal biosensor. With its sample-enrichment functionality, bimodal sensing, short processing time, and minute sample consumption, the acoustofluidic chip holds great potential for the development of lab-on-a-chip based analysis systems in many real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ty Downing Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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22
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Sheng S, Ren Y, Yang S, Wang Q, Sheng P, Zhang X, Liu Y. Remarkable SERS Detection by Hybrid Cu 2O/Ag Nanospheres. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17703-17714. [PMID: 32715257 PMCID: PMC7377325 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O nanospheres (NSs) were synthesized by modifying the glucose reduction method. Based on this method, Cu2O/Au (Ag) NSs were further prepared by in situ reduction of HAuCl4 (via electron beam evaporation of Ag). With Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as probe, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characteristics of the three samples were systematically studied. The experiment results showed that the enhancement factor (EF) of Cu2O/Au (Ag) NSs as 1.25 × 108 (2.74 × 109) and the ultralow detection limit (LOD) as 8.07 × 10-12 (1.13 × 10-13) M for R6G. The excellent performance of SERS may be due to the charge transfer (CT) between metal-semiconductor (MS) molecules and the strong electromagnetic field (E-field) of each hot spot. In addition, discrete dipole approximation (DDA) simulations were performed to simulate the E-field enhancement of the Cu2O and Cu2O/Au (Ag) NSs in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration. These further supported that the high SERS performance for R6G is because of the powerful E-field coupling between neighboring Au (Ag) NPs and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The Cu2O/Ag NSs have potential in applications such as biomedicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring because of their high sensitivity and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Sheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory
of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yinshuan Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics, Qian
Nan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou 558000, P. R. China
| | - Song Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory
of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory
of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sheng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory
of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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23
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Zinc Oxide Nanorod Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates without and with Gold Nanoparticles Fabricated through Pulsed-Laser-Induced Photolysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10145015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates using gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). Prior to decoration with AuNPs, ZnO NRs on the glass substrate fabricated using the sol–gel method could enhance the SERS signal for detecting 10−5 M rhodamine 6G (R6G). Microscopic analysis revealed that the thermal-annealing process for fabricating the seed layers of ZnO facilitated the growth of ZnO NRs with the highly preferred c-axis (002) orientation. A decrease in the diameter of ZnO NRs occurred because of the use of annealed seek layers further increased the surface-to-volume ratio of ZnO NRs, resulting in an increase in the SERS signal for R6G of 10−5 M. To combine the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode with the charge transfer (CT) mode, ZnO NRs were decorated with AuNPs through pulsed-laser-induced photolysis (PLIP). However, the preferred vertical (002) orientation of ZnO NRs was prone to the aggregation of AuNPs, which hindered the SERS signal. The experimental results revealed that ZnO NRs with the crystalline structure of horizontal (100) and (101) orientations facilitated the growth of homogeneous, independent and isolated AuNPs which serves as “hot spots” for SERS signal of detecting R6G at a low concentration of 10−9 M. Comparing to previous fabrication of SERS substrate, our method has advantage to fabricate AuNP-decorated ZnO NR in a short time. Moreover, the optimization of the SERS behaviors for different fabrication conditions of AuNPs using the PLIP method was investigated in detail.
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Sevim S, Franco C, Chen X, Sorrenti A, Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel D, Pané S, deMello AJ, Puigmartí‐Luis J. SERS Barcode Libraries: A Microfluidic Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903172. [PMID: 32596108 PMCID: PMC7312449 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have emerged as advanced tools for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). They have proved to be particularly appealing for in situ and real-time detection of analytes at extremely low concentrations and down to the 10 × 10-15 m level. However, the ability to prepare reconfigurable and reusable devices endowing multiple detection capabilities is an unresolved challenge. Herein, a microfluidic-based method that allows an extraordinary spatial control over the localization of multiple active SERS substrates in a single microfluidic channel is presented. It is shown that this technology provides for exquisite control over analyte transport to specific detection points, while avoiding cross-contamination; a feature that enables the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within the same microfluidic channel. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the SERS substrates can be rationally designed in a straightforward manner and that they allow for the detection of single molecules (at concentrations as low as 10-14 m). Finally, it is shown that rapid etching and reconstruction of SERS substrates provides for reconfigurable and reusable operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Sevim
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Carlos Franco
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Xiang‐Zhong Chen
- Multi‐Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL) Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichTannenstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Sorrenti
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | | | - Salvador Pané
- Multi‐Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL) Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichTannenstrasse 3Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Josep Puigmartí‐Luis
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
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25
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Hao N, Liu P, Bachman H, Pei Z, Zhang P, Rufo J, Wang Z, Zhao S, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Engineering of Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanoarrays. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6150-6163. [PMID: 32352741 PMCID: PMC7415004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of acoustics and microfluidics (termed acoustofluidics) presents a frontier in the engineering of functional micro-/nanomaterials. Acoustofluidic techniques enable active and precise spatiotemporal control of matter, providing great potential for the design of advanced nanosystems with tunable material properties. In this work, we introduce an acoustofluidic approach for engineering multifunctional three-dimensional nanostructure arrays and demonstrate their potential in enrichment and biosensing applications. In particular, our acoustofluidic device integrates an acoustic transducer with a sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic reactor that enables uniform patterning of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarrays with customizable lengths, densities, diameters, and other properties. The resulting ZnO nanoarray-coated glass capillaries can rapidly and efficiently capture and enrich biomolecules with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers. In order to enable the detection of these biomolecules, silver (Ag) nanoparticles are deposited onto the ZnO nanoarrays, and the integrated ZnO-Ag capillary device functions as a label-free plasmonic biosensing system for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based detection of exosomes, DNA oligonucleotides, and E. coli bacteria. The optical sensing enhancement of ZnO-Ag capillary is further validated through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. These findings not only provide insights into the engineering of functional micro/nanomaterials using acoustofluidics but also shed light onto the development of portable microanalytical devices for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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26
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Yin Z, He H, Wang Z, Fang X, Xu C, Luo D, Jiang S, Liu YJ. Facile In Situ Photochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoaggregates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040685. [PMID: 32260572 PMCID: PMC7221882 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, photochemical synthesis has attracted wide interest on in situ preparing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with excellent performance, especially in a compact space and microfluidic channel. Herein, a facile, green and cost-effective approach to in situ photochemically synthesize silver nanoaggregates is demonstrated for SERS applications. By adjusting the photo-irradiation conditions, the morphologies and sizes of the silver nanoaggregates can be deliberately tailored. The synthesized silver nanoaggregates-based substrates exhibit a highly sensitive and reproducible SERS activity with a low detection limit of 10-8 M for 4-Aminothiophenol detection and relative standard deviation of 12.3%, paving an efficient and promising route for in situ SERS-based rapid detection in the environmental monitoring and food quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaoguo Fang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Z.W.); (X.F.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-88018520
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Hao N, Zhang M, Zhang JXJ. Microfluidics for ZnO micro-/nanomaterials development: rational design, controllable synthesis, and on-chip bioapplications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1783-1801. [PMID: 31965125 PMCID: PMC7768907 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) materials hold great promise in diverse applications due to their attractive physicochemical features. Recent years, especially the last decade, have witnessed considerable progress toward rational design and bioapplications of multiscale ZnO materials through microfluidic techniques. Design of a microfluidic device that allows for precise control over reaction conditions could not only yield ZnO particles with a fast production rate and high quality, but also permit downstream applications with desirable and superior performance. This review summarizes microfluidic approaches for the synthesis and applications of ZnO micro-/nanomaterials. In particular, we discuss the recent achievement of using microfluidic reactors in the controllable synthesis of ZnO structures (wire, rod, sphere, flower, sheet, flake, spindle, and ellipsoid), and highlight the unprecedented opportunities for applying them in biosensing, biological separation, and molecular catalysis applications through microfluidic chips. Finally, major challenges and potential opportunities are explored to guide future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
| | - Michael Zhang
- The Lawrenceville School, 2500 Main St, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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28
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Lin PY, He G, Chen J, Dwivedi AK, Hsieh S. Monitoring the photoinduced surface catalytic coupling reaction and environmental exhaust fumes with an Ag/PDA/CuO modified 3D glass microfiber platform. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Proniewicz E, Tąta A, Wójcik A, Starowicz M, Pacek J, Molenda M. SERS activity and spectroscopic properties of Zn and ZnO nanostructures obtained by electrochemical and green chemistry methods for applications in biology and medicine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28100-28114. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03517c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates the ability of homogeneous, stable, and pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs-GS) synthesized by “green chemistry” for the selective detection of four neurotransmitters present in body fluids and promotion of the SERS effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Proniewicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tąta
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Anna Wójcik
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Science
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Maria Starowicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Joanna Pacek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Marcin Molenda
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
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30
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Sun L, Cai J, Sun Y, Zhang D. Three-dimensional assembly of silver nanoparticles spatially confined by cellular structure of Spirulina, from nanospheres to nanosheets. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:495704. [PMID: 31469089 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3ee7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) ordered construction of nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted much attention in wide applications, however, techniques with respect to cost effective nanofabrication of well defined functional architectures is still lacking. To address this specific issue, a bio-interface confinement approach is proposed that precisely replicates the complex cellular structural features of microbes and integrates silver NP (SNP) building blocks into their 3D framework in a precise, low cost and mass production way. Herein, the SNPs with nanospheres and nanosheets structure were synthesized by way of electroless deposition using Spirulina as template. Results showed that SNPs were orderly assembled along the cellular structure, and the spatially confinement of cellular texture induced the transformation of SNPs from sphere to flake morphology during their continuous growth. The silver assembly not only shows good antibacterial activity, but also exhibits excellent surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance with the enhancement factor as high as 5.95 × 108 and good recuperability towards Rhodamine 6G. The fascinating SERS performance can be ascribed to the combined action of nanosheets morphology of SNPs, hierarchical nanostructure of the cellular structure, and the small interparticle spacing. This strategy provides an effective strategy for controllable and ordered 3D assembly of NPs by using the cellular texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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31
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Zhai Y, Zheng Y, Ma Z, Cai Y, Wang F, Guo X, Wen Y, Yang H. Synergistic Enhancement Effect for Boosting Raman Detection Sensitivity of Antibiotics. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2958-2965. [PMID: 31533426 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a two-step method is used to prepare a regenerative three-dimensional (3D) ZnO/Ag@Au substrate for developing a superior sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for detecting antibiotics. A great electromagnetic enhancement is observed from the as-prepared composite substrate, which is triggered by tuning the electron distribution of metals and semiconductor metal oxide. The strong interaction between target sample and the huge surface area of ZnO/Ag@Au composite promotes the charge transfer to produce promising chemical enhancement. The synergistic physical and chemical enhancement mechanisms are validated by density functional theory and finite difference time domain simulation. Additionally, the presence of light "echo effect" in the 3D structure of ZnO support could also amplify the efficiency of light excitation for Raman scattering. The above-stated merits benefit to boost the Raman scattering detection sensitivity for real samples. The ZnO/Ag@Au-based SERS substrate could detect rhodamine 6G molecules with an enhancement factor of up to 1.48 × 109 and the lowest detectable concentration of 10-10 M. As a real application, antibiotics sulfapyridine in milk is determined by using the proposed SERS protocol, and the limit of detection at 1 × 10-9 M could be reached. As a prospective, the ZnO/Ag@Au-based SERS method would be extended for food safety and biomedicine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhai
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yunshan Zheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yanzheng Cai
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wen
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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Ge T, Yan S, Zhang L, He H, Wang L, Li S, Yuan Y, Chen G, Huang Y. Nanowire assisted repeatable DEP-SERS detection in microfluidics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:475202. [PMID: 31437828 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3dc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection in microfluidics is an interesting topic for its high sensitivity, miniaturization and online detection. In this work, a SERS detection in microfluidics with the help of the Ag nanowire aggregating based on dielectrophoresis (DEP) is reported. The Raman intensities of molecule in microfluidics is greatly enhanced in the naturally generated nanogaps of Ag nanowire aggregating modulated by DEP. Firstly, the influence of DEP voltage and time on Ag nanowire aggregating is investigated to figure out the optimal condition for SERS. And then, the SERS intensities of methylene blue and rhodamine6G at various concentration with high reproducibility and uniformity are studied. Furthermore, the experiment data demonstrate this DEP-SERS system could be repeated used for different molecule detections. At last, the SERS of melamine is measured to explore its application on food safety. Our work anticipates this nanowire assisted repeatable DEP-SERS detection in microfluidics with high sensitivity could meet the emerging needs in environmental pollution monitoring, food safety evaluation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
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Karim F, Vasquez ES, Sun Y, Zhao C. Optothermal microbubble assisted manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures for active chemical sensing. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20589-20597. [PMID: 31638631 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Guiding analytes to the sensing area is an indispensable step in a sensing system. Most of the sensing systems apply a passive sensing method, which waits for the analytes to diffuse towards the sensor. However, passive sensing methods limit the detection of analytes to a picomolar range on micro/nanosensors for a practical time scale. Therefore, active sensing methods need to be used to improve the detection limit in which the analytes are forced to concentrate on the sensors. In this article, we have demonstrated the manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures for active chemical sensing. Nanogap-rich structures are manufactured from metallic nanoparticles through an optothermally generated microbubble (OGMB) which is a laser-induced micron-sized bubble. The OGMB induces a strong convective flow that helps to deposit metallic nanoparticles to form nanogap-rich structures on a solid surface. In addition, the OGMB is used to guide and concentrate analytes towards the nanogap-rich structures for the active sensing of analytes. An active sensing method can improve the detection limit of chemical substances by an order of magnitude compared to a passive sensing method. The microbubble assisted manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures together with an active analyte sensing method paves a new way for advanced chemical and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzia Karim
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Erick S Vasquez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Yvonne Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA and Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
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34
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Yang L, Yang J, Li Y, Li P, Chen X, Li Z. Controlling the Morphologies of Silver Aggregates by Laser-Induced Synthesis for Optimal SERS Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1529. [PMID: 31717864 PMCID: PMC6915404 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the synthesis of metallic nanostructures for high quality surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials has long been a central task of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this work, silver aggregates with different surface morphologies were controllably synthesized on a glass-solution interface via a facile laser-induced reduction method. By correlating the surface morphologies with their SERS abilities, optimal parameters (laser power and irradiation time) for SERS aggregates synthesis were obtained. Importantly, the characteristics for largest near-field enhancement were identified, which are closely packed nanorice and flake structures with abundant surface roughness. These can generate numerous hot spots with huge enhancement in nanogaps and rough surface. These results provide an understanding of the correlation between morphologies and SERS performance, and could be helpful for developing optimal and applicable SERS materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhipeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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35
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Sánchez-Solís A, Karim F, Alam MS, Zhan Q, López-Luke T, Zhao C. Print metallic nanoparticles on a fiber probe for 1064-nm surface-enhanced Raman scattering. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4997-5000. [PMID: 31613262 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents 1064-nm surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on an optical fiber probe, or 1064-nm-SERS-on-fiber. Metallic nanoparticles are printed on an optical fiber probe by using optothermal surface bubbles under ambient conditions. An optothermal surface bubble is a laser-induced micro-sized bubble that is formed on a solid-liquid interface. The SERS activity of the optical fiber probe for 1064-nm Raman microscopy is tested with rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution. The 1064-nm-SERS-on-fiber can reduce the fluorescent background noise that commonly exists in other Raman systems. It can also compensate for the decreased Raman signal due to the use of an infrared Raman laser. The 1064-nm-SERS-on-fiber will find potential applications in low-background-noise biosensing and endoscopy.
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36
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Ochoa-Vazquez G, Kharisov B, Arizmendi-Morquecho A, Cario A, Aymonier C, Marre S, Lopez I. Microfluidics and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Perfect Match for New Analytical Tools. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:558-566. [PMID: 31545740 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2943078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective article, we emphasize the combination of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Microfluidic devices. SERS approaches have been widely studied and used for multiple applications including trace molecules detection, in situ analysis of biological samples and monitoring or, all of them with good results, however still with limitations of the technique, for example regarding with improved precision and reproducibility. These implications can be overcome by microfluidic approaches. The resulting coupling Microfluidics - SERS (MF-SERS) has recently gained increasing attention by creating thundering opportunities for the analytical field. For this purpose, we introduce some of the strategies developed to implement SERS within microfluidic reactor along with a brief overview of the most recent MF-SERS applications for biology, health and environmental concerns. Eventually, we will discuss future research opportunities of such systems.
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37
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Zhao C, Shah PJ, Bissell LJ. Laser additive nano-manufacturing under ambient conditions. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16187-16199. [PMID: 31461093 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing at the macroscale has become a hot topic of research in recent years. It has been used by engineers for rapid prototyping and low-volume production. The development of such technologies at the nanoscale, or additive nanomanufacturing, will provide a future path for new nanotechnology applications. In this review article, we introduce several available toolboxes that can be potentially used for additive nanomanufacturing. We especially focus on laser-based additive nanomanufacturing under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA. and Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA
| | - Piyush J Shah
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7718, USA.
| | - Luke J Bissell
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7718, USA.
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38
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Sivashanmugan K, Squire K, Kraai JA, Tan A, Zhao Y, Rorrer GL, Wang AX. Biological Photonic Crystal-Enhanced Plasmonic Mesocapsules: Approaching Single-Molecule Optofluidic-SERS Sensing. ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2019; 7:1900415. [PMID: 32775144 PMCID: PMC7410161 DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing in microfluidic devices, namely optofluidic-SERS, suffers an intrinsic trade-off between mass transport and hot spot density, both of which are required for ultra-sensitive detection. To overcome this compromise, photonic crystal-enhanced plasmonic mesocapsules are synthesized, utilizing diatom biosilica decorated with in-situ growth silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). In our optofluidic-SERS testing, 100× higher enhancement factors and greater than 1,000× better detection limit were achieved compared with traditional colloidal Ag NPs, the improvement of which is attributed to unique properties of the mesocapsules. First, the porous diatom biosilica frustules serve as carrier capsules for high density Ag NPs that form high density plasmonic hot-spots. Second, the submicron-pores embedded in the frustule walls not only create a large surface-to-volume ratio allowing for effective analyte capture, but also enhance the local optical field through the photonic crystal effect. Last, the mesocapsules provide effective mixing with analytes as they are flowing inside the microfluidic channel. The reported mesocapsules achieved single molecule detection of Rhodamine 6G in microfluidic devices and were further utilized to detect 1 nM of benzene and chlorobenzene compounds in tap water with near real-time response, which successfully overcomes the constraint of traditional optofluidic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Sivashanmugan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kenneth Squire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Joseph A. Kraai
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ailing Tan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- School of Information Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Gregory L. Rorrer
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Alan X. Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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39
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Ultra-sensitive detection of uranyl ions with a specially designed high-efficiency SERS-based microfluidic device. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors are very powerful analytical tools for the highly sensitive detection of chemical and biological molecules. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the design of a great number of hybrid SERS substrates such as silicon or zinc oxide nanosystems coated with gold/silver nanoparticles. By comparison with the SERS sensors based on Au and Ag nanoparticles/nanostructures, higher enhancement factors and excellent reproducibilities are achieved with hybrid SERS nanosensors. This enhancement can be due to the appearance of hotspots located at the interface between the metal (Au/Ag) and the semiconducting substrates. Thus, in this last decade, great advances in the domain of hybrid SERS nanosensors have occurred. In this short review, the recent advances of these hybrid metal-coated semiconducting nanostructures as SERS sensors of chemical and biological molecules are presented.
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41
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Hu L, Huang S, Jin Z, Zhang M, Huang X, Lu J, Ruan S, Zeng YJ. Multifunctional Zn-Al layered double hydroxides for surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface-enhanced infrared absorption. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:426-434. [PMID: 30403237 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03807d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) are complementary techniques, and both provide fingerprint structural information on various materials with a high sensitivity. Herein, Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are proposed for the first time as highly sensitive and uniform substrates for both SERS and SEIRA. Zn-Al LDHs show a remarkable SERS effect with an enhancement factor (EF) as high as 1.637 × 104 by using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) as the probe molecule, where the charge transfer and hydrogen bonds are believed to result in the SERS effect. Interestingly, Zn-Al LDHs also exhibit SEIRA by using 4-methoxybenzenethiol (4-MTP), where the resultant substrates possess excellent long-term stability. This study not only presents a facile route to fabricate LDH materials, but also provides a novel substrate that can be used in both SERS and SEIRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
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Wang K, Li S, Petersen M, Wang S, Lu X. Detection and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E762. [PMID: 30261660 PMCID: PMC6215266 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the most recent progress concerning the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We first discussed the design and synthesis of various types of nanomaterials that can be used as the SERS-active substrates for biosensing trace levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We then reviewed the tandem-SERS strategy of integrating a separation element/platform with SERS sensing to achieve the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environmental, agri-food, and clinical samples. Finally, we demonstrated the application of using SERS to investigate bacterial antibiotic resistance and susceptibility as well as the working mechanism of antibiotics based on spectral fingerprinting of the whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Shenmiao Li
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Marlen Petersen
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300371, China.
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
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43
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Tong Q, Wang W, Fan Y, Dong L. Recent progressive preparations and applications of silver-based SERS substrates. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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45
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Pagaduan JV, Bhatta A, Romer LH, Gracias DH. 3D Hybrid Small Scale Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1702497. [PMID: 29749014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing nano/microscale elements with biological components in 3D contexts opens new possibilities for mimicry, bionics, and augmentation of organismically and anatomically inspired materials. Abiotic nanoscale elements such as plasmonic nanostructures, piezoelectric ribbons, and thin film semiconductor devices interact with electromagnetic fields to facilitate advanced capabilities such as communication at a distance, digital feedback loops, logic, and memory. Biological components such as proteins, polynucleotides, cells, and organs feature complex chemical synthetic networks that can regulate growth, change shape, adapt, and regenerate. Abiotic and biotic components can be integrated in all three dimensions in a well-ordered and programmed manner with high tunability, versatility, and resolution to produce radically new materials and hybrid devices such as sensor fabrics, anatomically mimetic microfluidic modules, artificial tissues, smart prostheses, and bionic devices. In this critical Review, applications of small scale devices in 3D hybrid integration, biomicrofluidics, advanced prostheses, and bionic organs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson V Pagaduan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anil Bhatta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lewis H Romer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Palneedi H, Park JH, Maurya D, Peddigari M, Hwang GT, Annapureddy V, Kim JW, Choi JJ, Hahn BD, Priya S, Lee KJ, Ryu J. Laser Irradiation of Metal Oxide Films and Nanostructures: Applications and Advances. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705148. [PMID: 29411432 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in developing a diverse range of lasers have opened new avenues in material processing. Laser processing of materials involves their exposure to rapid and localized energy, which creates conditions of electronic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium. The laser-induced heat can be localized in space and time, enabling excellent control over the manipulation of materials. Metal oxides are of significant interest for applications ranging from microelectronics to medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the synthesis, manipulation, and patterning of metal oxide films and nanostructures. Besides providing a brief overview on the principles governing the laser-material interactions, here, the ongoing efforts in laser irradiation of metal oxide films and nanostructures for a variety of applications are reviewed. Latest advances in laser-assisted processing of metal oxides are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribabu Palneedi
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepam Maurya
- Bio-inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Mahesh Peddigari
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Tae Hwang
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Choi
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Hahn
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashank Priya
- Bio-inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
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Rani D, Pachauri V, Ingebrandt S. Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Biosensors. SPRINGER SERIES ON CHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/5346_2017_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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SERS-microfluidic systems: A potential platform for rapid analysis of food contaminants. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fabrication of Semiconductor ZnO Nanostructures for Versatile SERS Application. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7110398. [PMID: 29156600 PMCID: PMC5707615 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the 1970s, it has exhibited a huge potential application in many fields due to its outstanding advantages. Since the ultra-sensitive noble metallic nanostructures have increasingly exposed themselves as having some problems during application, semiconductors have been gradually exploited as one of the critical SERS substrate materials due to their distinctive advantages when compared with noble metals. ZnO is one of the most representative metallic oxide semiconductors with an abundant reserve, various and cost-effective fabrication techniques, as well as special physical and chemical properties. Thanks to the varied morphologies, size-dependent exciton, good chemical stability, a tunable band gap, carrier concentration, and stoichiometry, ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be exploited as SERS substrates. Moreover, other distinctive properties possessed by ZnO such as biocompatibility, photocatcalysis and self-cleaning, and gas- and chemo-sensitivity can be synergistically integrated and exerted with SERS activity to realize the multifunctional potential of ZnO substrates. In this review, we discuss the inevitable development trend of exploiting the potential semiconductor ZnO as a SERS substrate. After clarifying the root cause of the great disparity between the enhancement factor (EF) of noble metals and that of ZnO nanostructures, two specific methods are put forward to improve the SERS activity of ZnO, namely: elemental doping and combination of ZnO with noble metals. Then, we introduce a distinctive advantage of ZnO as SERS substrate and illustrate the necessity of reporting a meaningful average EF. We also summarize some fabrication methods for ZnO nanostructures with varied dimensions (0–3 dimensions). Finally, we present an overview of ZnO nanostructures for the versatile SERS application.
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Yan W, Yang L, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang P, Li Z. In Situ Two-Step Photoreduced SERS Materials for On-Chip Single-Molecule Spectroscopy with High Reproducibility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702893. [PMID: 28718979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials capable of single-molecule detection, integrated with a microfluidic system. Using a focused laser, silver nanoparticle aggregates as SERS monitors are fabricated in a microfluidic channel through photochemical reduction. After washing out the monitor, the aggregates are irradiated again by the same laser. This key step leads to full reduction of the residual reactants, which generates numerous small silver nanoparticles on the former nanoaggregates. Consequently, the enhancement ability of the SERS monitor is greatly boosted due to the emergence of new "hot spots." At the same time, the influence of the notorious "memory effect" in microfluidics is substantially suppressed due to the depletion of surface residues. Taking these advantages, two-step photoreduced SERS materials are able to detect different types of molecules with the concentration down to 10-13 m. Based on a well-accepted bianalyte approach, it is proved that the detection limit reaches the single-molecule level. From a practical point of view, the detection reproducibility at different probing concentrations is also investigated. It is found that the effective single-molecule SERS measurements can be raised up to ≈50%. This microfluidic SERS with high reproducibility and ultrasensitivity will find promising applications in on-chip single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Longkun Yang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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