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Garba SA, Shaari K, Abdul Manap MR, Lee SY, Abdulazeez I, Mohd Faudzi SM. Quantitative analysis of selected alkaloids of Mitragyna speciosa using 1H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024. [PMID: 39189504 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa is a perennial plant native to Asia, well known for its psychoactive properties. Its major alkaloid mitragynine is known to have sedative and euphoric effects. Hence, the plant has been a subject of abuse, leading to addiction, necessitating efficient analytical methods to detect its psychoactive constituents. However, current chromatography-based methods for detecting the alkaloids are time consuming and costly. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy emerges as a promising alternative due to its nondestructive nature, structural insights, and short analysis time. Hence, a rapid and precise qNMR method was developed to quantify selected major psychoactive alkaloids in various parts of M. speciosa. Mitragynine, specioliatine, and speciogynine were quantified in relation to the integral value of the -OCH3 groups of the alkaloids and the internal standard 1,4-dinitrobenzene. The precision and reproducibility of the method gave a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2%, demonstrating the reliability of the method. In addition, the method showed excellent specificity, sensitivity, high linearity range (R2 = 0.999), and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values. The analysis revealed that the red-veined M. speciosa leaves contained higher levels of mitragynine (32.34 mg/g), specioliatine (16.84 mg/g) and speciogynine (7.69 mg/g) compared to the green-veined leaves, stem bark, or fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Abubakar Garba
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Soo Yee Lee
- School of Food Studies & Gastronomy, Faculty of Social Sciences & Leisure Management, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Food Security & Nutrition Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Isah Abdulazeez
- Chemistry Department, School of Secondary Education Sciences, Federal College of Education Zaria, Tudun Wada, Nigeria
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Hitzman R, Malca-Garcia GR, Howell C, Park HY, Friesen JB, Dong H, Dunlap T, McAlpine JB, Vollmer G, Bosland MC, Nikolić D, Lankin DC, Chen SN, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Dietz BM. DESIGNER fraction concept unmasks minor bioactive constituents in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113789. [PMID: 37482264 PMCID: PMC10528883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In botanical extracts, highly abundant constituents can mask or dilute the effects of other, and often, more relevant biologically active compounds. To facilitate the rational chemical and biological assessment of these natural products with wide usage in human health, we introduced the DESIGNER approach of Depleting and Enriching Selective Ingredients to Generate Normalized Extract Resources. The present study applied this concept to clinical Red Clover Extract (RCE) and combined phytochemical and biological methodology to help rationalize the utility of RCE supplements for symptom management in postmenopausal women. Previous work has demonstrated that RCE reduces estrogen detoxification pathways in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and, thus, may serve to negatively affect estrogen metabolism-induced chemical carcinogenesis. Clinical RCE contains ca. 30% of biochanin A and formononetin, which potentially mask activities of less abundant compounds. These two isoflavonoids are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists that activate P450 1A1, responsible for estrogen detoxification, and P450 1B1, producing genotoxic estrogen metabolites in female breast cells. Clinical RCE also contains the potent phytoestrogen, genistein, that downregulates P450 1A1, thereby reducing estrogen detoxification. To identify less abundant bioactive constituents, countercurrent separation (CCS) of a clinical RCE yielded selective lipophilic to hydrophilic metabolites in six enriched DESIGNER fractions (DFs 01-06). Unlike solid-phase chromatography, CCS prevented any potential loss of minor constituents or residual complexity (RC) and enabled the polarity-based enrichment of certain constituents. Systematic analysis of estrogen detoxification pathways (ERα-degradation, AhR activation, CYP1A1/CYP1B1 induction and activity) of the DFs uncovered masked bioactivity of minor/less abundant constituents including irilone. These data will allow the optimization of RCE with respect to estrogen detoxification properties. The DFs revealed distinct biological activities between less abundant bioactives. The present results can inspire future carefully designed extracts with phytochemical profiles that are optimized to increase in estrogen detoxification pathways and, thereby, promote resilience in women with high-risk for breast cancer. The DESIGNER approach helps to establish links between complex chemical makeup, botanical safety and possible efficacy parameters, yields candidate DFs for (pre)clinical studies, and reveals the contribution of minor phytoconstituents to the overall safety and bioactivity of botanicals, such as resilience promoting activities relevant to women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hitzman
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gonzalo R Malca-Garcia
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Caitlin Howell
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 Division Street, River Forest, IL, 60305, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tareisha Dunlap
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guenter Vollmer
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Biology, Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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3
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Borim de Souza AJ, Ocampos FMM, Catoia Pulgrossi R, Dokkedal AL, Colnago LA, Cechin I, Saldanha LL. NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Effects of Water Stress in the Primary and Specialized Metabolisms of Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030381. [PMID: 36984821 PMCID: PMC10053921 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia ungulata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Phytochemical studies revealed flavonoids and the saccharide pinitol related to hypoglycemic activity of the Bauhinia species. To determine the effects of water deficit on ecophysiological parameter and metabolite fingerprints of B. ungulata, specimens were treated with the following water regimens under greenhouse conditions: daily watering (control), watering every 7 days (group 7D), and watering every 15 days (group 15D). Metabolite profiling of the plants subjected to water deficit was determined by LC-HRMS/MS. An NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to analyze the extracts revealed increased levels of known osmoprotective and bioactive compounds, such as D-pinitol, in the water deficit groups. Physiological parameters were determined by gas exchange in planta analysis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in gas exchange under severe drought stress, while biomass production was not significantly different between the control and group 7D under moderate stress. Altogether, the results revealed that primary and specialized/secondary metabolism is affected by long periods of severe water scarcity downregulating the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites such as pinitol, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. These results may be useful for guiding agricultural production and standardizing medicinal herb materials of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Catoia Pulgrossi
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Cechin
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.M.M.O.); (L.L.S.)
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4
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Tang Y, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Nikolić D, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Geraniol-Derived Monoterpenoid Glucosides from Rhodiola rosea: Resolving Structures by QM-HifSA Methodology. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:256-263. [PMID: 36744762 PMCID: PMC10404350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are integral to the chemical composition of the widely used adaptogenic dietary supplement Rhodiola rosea. The present study expands the chemical space and stereochemical information about these taxon-specific constituents from the isolation and characterization of five geraniol-derived glucosides, 1-5. While 1 and 2 exhibited almost identical NMR spectra and shared the same 2D structure ascribed to the 4-hydroxygeraniolglucoside previously described as rosiridin, the NMR-based Mosher ester method revealed the enantiomeric nature of their aglycone moieties. This marks the first report of enantiomeric aglycones among geraniol derivatives. These findings also resolve the long-standing dispute regarding the absolute configuration of rosiridin and congeneric C-4 hydroxylated geraniols and may help explain incongruent bioactivity reports of R. rosea extract. Moreover, the three previously undescribed geranioloids 3-5 were fully characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Quantum mechanics-driven 1H iterative functionalized spin analysis (QM-HifSA) was performed for all isolates and provides detailed NMR spin parameters, with adequate decimal place precision, which enable the distinction of such close congeners exhibiting near identical NMR spectra with high specificity. The outcomes also reinforce the importance of reporting chemical shifts and coupling constants with adequate decimal place precision as a means of achieving specificity and reproducibility in structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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5
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Wang S, Wang S, Li P, Li L, Ye J. Establishment of SI-traceable purity assessment of Fumonisin B1 using a combination of quantitative 1H NMR and mass balance. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Araneda JF, Baumgarte M, Lange M, Maier AFG, Riegel SD. Identification of seven psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-phenylethyl-amine-based designer drugs via benchtop 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2023; 61:66-72. [PMID: 34404110 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of spectral information of new psychoactive substances (NPS) acquired on benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers is of high importance considering the emerging application of such portable and accessible instruments in forensic analyses. Seven members of the 2C-X series (2C-B, 2C-C, 2C-D, 2C-E, 2C-P, 2C-T2, and 2C-T7) of NPS were analyzed via 60 MHz 1 H benchtop NMR spectroscopy and their molecular structural relations are discussed with respect to the observed proton NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Araneda
- Application Chemistry, Nanalysis Corp., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marion Baumgarte
- Forensic Science Institute, State Criminal Police Office of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marie Lange
- Forensic Science Institute, State Criminal Police Office of Lower Saxony, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Susanne D Riegel
- Application Chemistry, Nanalysis Corp., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Liu K, Wang M, Zhang G, Meng Z. Simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in TEGDN/NG composites by the qNMR method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3203-3208. [PMID: 35943237 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel qNMR method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) and nitroglycerin (NG) composites. Using the ERETIC module technique of NMR spectrometry, moisture in the solvent and internal standard were eliminated by the integral value subtraction method, and the component ratio and moisture content in TEGDN/NG composites could be accurately calculated. Method validation was carried out in terms of the precision, stability, linearity, recovery, robustness, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD). The results of the qNMR method show good accuracy compared with the HPLC and Karl Fischer methods. Statistical Student's t-test and F-test at the 95% confidence level proved that there was no significant difference between the qNMR method and the other two methods. For TEGDN/NG composites of high-energy and high-sensitivity explosives, the low dose and high efficiency of the qNMR method could effectively avoid the danger of explosion and burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Minchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
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Zhao J, Liu R, Zhang Z, Xing Q, Chang H, Hou X, Wang Y. Tautomer distributions of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the condition of commonly utilized solvents and catalysts for biorefinery: NMR study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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CO2 capture by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate: Solubility at low pressure and quantification of chemisorption and physisorption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Silva RCDA, de Sousa EGR, Mazzei JL, de Carvalho EM. Quantitative 1H NMR method for analyzing primaquine diphosphate in active pharmaceutical ingredients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114585. [PMID: 35042143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermal analysis, Fourier Transform IR, the isotropic chemical shift of 1H NMR in different solvents, their temperature dependence and spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T1), solution 1D and 2D NMR, and solid-state 13C and 31P NMR (magic angle spinning NMR) were employed to obtain full information and elucidate the structures of primaquine diphosphate (PQD) samples used for quality controlling malaria medicines. Additionally, a simple, rapid, specific, and reliable quantitative method (qNMR) was developed to determine the PQD level in the raw material of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The method was developed using ethylene carbonate (EC) as the internal standard and dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) as the NMR solvent. For the API qNMR, 1H NMR signals at 3.82 and 1.22 ppm were used. The qNMR methodology, through the linearity, range, LOD and LOQ, stability, precision, robustness, and accuracy, was validated within the requirements of guidelines. The accuracy of the qNMR was evaluated by comparing it to a pharmacopeial HPLC technique and there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05). The proposed qNMR method authentically supports and endorses the current pharmacopoeial methods used for determining the PQD content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella C de A Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G R de Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika M de Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde, Avenida Brasil, 4365. Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Malca-Garcia GR, Liu Y, Nikolić D, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Investigation of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavonoid residual complexity by off-line CCS-qHNMR. Fitoterapia 2022; 156:105016. [PMID: 34416305 PMCID: PMC8742771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The importance of Trifolium pratense L. as a dietary supplement and its use in traditional medicine prompted the preparation of a thorough metabolite profile. This included the identification and quantitation of principal constituents as well as low abundant metabolites that constitute the residual complexity (RC) of T. pratense bioactives. The purity and RC of isoflavonoid fractions from standardized red clover extract (RCE) was determined using an off-line combination of countercurrent separation (CCS) and two orthogonal analytical methodologies: quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy with external calibration (EC-qHNMR) and LC-MS. A single-step hydrostatic CCS methodology (Centrifugal Partition Chromatography [CPC]) was developed that fractionated the isoflavonoids with a hexanes-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) 5.5/4.5/5/5, v/v solvent system (SS) into 75 fractions containing 3 flavonolignans, 2 isoflavonoid glycosides, as well as 17 isoflavonoids and related compounds. All metabolites were identified and quantified by qHNMR spectroscopy. The data led to the creation of a complete isoflavonoid profile to complement the biological evaluation. For example, fraction 69 afforded 90.5% w/w biochanin A (17), with 0.33% w/w of prunetin (16), and 0.76% w/w of maackiain (15) as residual components. Fraction 27 with 89.4% w/w formononetin (13) as the major component had, in addition, a residual complexity consisting of 3.37%, 0.73%, 0.68% w/w of pseudobaptigenin (11), kaempferol (10) and pratensein (8), respectively. Despite the relatively high resolving power of CPC, and not unexpectedly, the chromatographic fractions retained varying degrees of the original metabolomic diversity. Collectively, the extent of metabolomic diversity should be recognized and used to guide the development of isolation strategies, especially when generating samples for bioactivity evaluation. The simultaneous structural and quantitative characterization enabled by qNMR, supported by LC-MS measurements, enables the evaluation of a relatively large number of individual fractions and, thereby, advances both the chemical and biological evaluation of active principles in complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Malca-Garcia
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 W. Division Street, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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12
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Research Progress of NMR in Natural Product Quantification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206308. [PMID: 34684890 PMCID: PMC8541192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fields of medicine and health, traditional high-performance liquid chromatography or UV-visible spectrophotometry is generally used for substance quantification. However, over time, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) has gradually become more mature. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has certain advantages in the quantitative analysis of substances, such as being nondestructive, having a high flux and short analysis time. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been included in the pharmacopoeiae of various countries. In this paper, the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the recent progress in the quantitative study of natural products by NMR are reviewed, and its application in the quantitative study of natural products is proposed. At the same time, the problems of using NMR alone to quantify natural products are summarized and corresponding suggestions are put forward.
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Tang Y, Friesen JB, Nikolić DS, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Tandem of Countercurrent Separation and qHNMR Enables Gravimetric Analyses: Absolute Quantitation of the Rhodiola rosea Metabolome. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11701-11709. [PMID: 34461730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Off-line combination of countercurrent separation (CCS) and quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) methodologies enabled the systematic dissection and gravimetric quantification of a chemically complex Rhodiola rosea crude extract (RCE). The loss-free nature and high selectivity of CCS achieved the quantitative discrimination of fatty acids (FAs), sugars, and proanthocyanidins (PACs) from ten other metabolite classes: phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, acyclic monoterpenoid glycosides, pinene derived glycosides, benzyl alcohol glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, gallic acids, methylparabens, and cuminol glycosides. The ability of CCS to remove ("knockout") PACs completely resolved challenges with baselines that plague NMR and UHPLC analyses and produce inaccurate integral and AUC quantitation, respectively. NMR analysis of the non-PAC fractions enabled unambiguous identification of metabolites and their characteristic resonances for subsequent multitarget absolute quantification by qHNMR using a single, nonidentical internal calibrant (IC). An orthogonal LC-MS/MS method validated the gravimetric nature of the CCS-qHNMR analytical tandem. Underlying this LC-based cross-validation, comprehensive phytochemical isolation and characterization established 19 single-compound reference standards that represented all ten metabolite classes. Finally, quantum mechanical 1H iterative Full Spin Analysis (HiFSA) of each standard provided a blueprint for future structural dereplication, identification, and quantification of Rhodiola marker constituents. The combination of two gravimetric analytical methods, loss-free CCS and IC-qHNMR, realizes the first chemical standardization of a botanical material that comprehensively captures a metabolome and permits absolute quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 West Division Street, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - Dejan S Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Pharmacognosy Institute, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Ocampos FMM, de Souza AJB, Antar GM, Wouters FC, Colnago LA. Phytotoxicity of Schiekia timida Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones. Molecules 2021; 26:4197. [PMID: 34299471 PMCID: PMC8304753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in Schiekia timida (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of S. timida seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (Lactuca sativa) and a monocotyledonous model (Allium cepa) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in S. timida. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Julia Borim de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru CEP 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Medeiros Antar
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Christoff Wouters
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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Malca-Garcia GR, Liu Y, Dong H, Nikolić D, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, McAlpine J, Chen SN, Dietz BM, Pauli GF. Auto-hydrolysis of red clover as "green" approach to (iso)flavonoid enriched products. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104878. [PMID: 33757846 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal parameters for the auto-hydrolysis of (iso)flavone glycosides to aglycones in ground Trifolium pratense L. plant material were established as a "green" method for the production of a reproducible red clover extract (RCE). The process utilized 72-h fermentation in DI water at 25 and 37 °C. The aglycones obtained at 25 °C, as determined by UHPLC-UV and quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), increased significantly in the auto-hydrolyzed (ARCE) (6.2-6.7% w/w biochanin A 1, 6.1-9.9% formononetin 2) vs a control ethanol (ERCE) extract (0.24% 1, 0.26% 2). After macerating ARCE with 1:1 (v/v) diethyl ether/hexanes (ARCE-d/h), 1 and 2 increased to 13.1-16.7% and 14.9-18.4% w, respectively, through depletion of fatty components. The final extracts showed chemical profiles similar to that of a previous clinical RCE. Biological standardization revealed that the enriched ARCE-d/h extracts produced the strongest estrogenic activity in ERα positive endometrial cells (Ishikawa cells), followed by the precursor ARCE. The glycoside-rich ERCE showed no estrogenic activity. The estrogenicity of ARCE-d/h was similar to that of the clinical RCE. The lower potency of the ARCE compared to the prior clinical RCE indicated that substantial amounts of fatty acids/matter likely reduce the estrogenicity of crude hydrolyzed preparations. The in vitro dynamic residual complexity of the conversion of biochanin A to genistein was evaluated by LC-MS-MS. The outcomes help advance translational research with red clover and other (iso)flavone-rich botanicals by inspiring the preparation of (iso)flavone aglycone-enriched extracts for the exploration of new in vitro and ex vivo bioactivities that are unachievable with genuine, glycoside-containing extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Malca-Garcia
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 W. Division, River Forest, IL 60305, United States
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - James McAlpine
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Dİkmen G, Uslu O. The application of qNMR for the determination of rosuvastatin in tablet form. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:132-142. [PMID: 33679159 PMCID: PMC7925300 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, quantative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method was used to determine the content of rosuvastatin in tablet. Linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision were determined in validation study of rosuvastatin. Furthermore, validation study of rosuvastatin was performed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uncertainties of qNMR and HPLC methods were determined using per EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG 4 (3th edition), quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement. qNMR and HPLC methods were linear in the ranges of 0.10 - 5.00 mg/mL and 0.001 - 0.0995 mg/mL, respectively and these lineraties indicate very good linearity performance with regression coefficients (R2 value) above > 0.99. Moreover, LOD and LOQ values using qNMR method were observed as 0.25 mg/mL and 0.80 mg/mL, respectively. These values using HPLC method were found as 0.00051 µg/mL and 0.001695 µg/mL, respectively. The strengths and weaknesses of qNMR method and HPLC method were determined with spectral emphasis on the role of identical reference standards in qualitive and quantitative analyses. It was found that qNMR method is simple, efficient, reliable, and accurate method. Moreover, qNMR method is an easy, practical, and useful method for the validation and optimization of rosuvastatin in the tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Dİkmen
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center (ARUM), Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Okan Uslu
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center (ARUM), Eskisehir Turkey
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Araneda JF, Hui P, Leskowitz GM, Riegel SD, Mercado R, Green C. Lithium-7 qNMR as a method to quantify lithium content in brines using benchtop NMR. Analyst 2021; 146:882-888. [PMID: 33236728 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel 7Li quantitative NMR (qNMR) method to analyze lithium was developed to determine the lithium content in real brine samples using benchtop NMR instruments. The method was validated, and limits of detection and quantification of 40 and 100 ppm, respectively, were determined. Linearity, precision, and bias were also experimentally determined, and the results are presented herein. The results were compared to those obtained using atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy, currently one of the few validated methods for the quantification of lithium. The method provides both accurate and precise results, as well as excellent correlation with AA. The absence of matrix effects, combined with no need for sample preparation or deuterated solvents, shows potential applicability in the mining industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Araneda
- Nanalysis Corp., 1-4600 5 St NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7C3, Canada.
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Bahadoor A, Brinkmann A, Melanson JE. 13C-Satellite Decoupling Strategies for Improving Accuracy in Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Anal Chem 2021; 93:851-858. [PMID: 33300782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) with an appropriate internal standard is a well-established quantitation method for assigning purity to organic molecules. For accurate measurements, the premise of qHNMR relies on the careful selection of integrals, for both the analyte and the standard, in such a way that the selected integrals are free from interferences. The 13C-satellite signals of adjacent integrals, low-level impurities, and tautomer signals are among the common integral interferences that are typically encountered. One of the simplest ways to identify and avoid these interferences is to decouple the 13C-satellites. Two decoupling schemes were explored to illustrate the benefits of 13C-decoupling for qHNMR or qH{13C}NMR: GARP and bilevel adiabatic broadband decoupling. Unwanted sample heating and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) enhancements are the two main drawbacks of decoupling schemes. We show that with careful optimization of acquisition parameters and decoupling power, no excessive sample heating occurred during acquisition at 400 MHz. At 900 MHz, only bilevel adiabatic decoupling could be safely implemented. Furthermore, any undesirable NOE enhancements were completely avoided if acquisition was executed with an inverse-gated pulse sequence. We explored and confirmed the benefits of qH{13C}NMR through the quantitation of a diverse set of compounds, namely, small molecules (dimethyl terephthalate and zearalenone), a 13C-labeled compound (13C6-ochratoxin A), and an octapeptide (angiotensin II). Statistical comparisons confirmed that qH{13C}NMR produced comparable data to qHNMR. However, with qH{13C}NMR data providing added clarity about the presence of overlapping 13C-satellites, impurities, and tautomers, it has an edge over qHNMR for accurate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilah Bahadoor
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andreas Brinkmann
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Miura T, Sugimoto N, Bhavaraju S, Yamazaki T, Nishizaki Y, Liu Y, Bzhelyansky A, Amezcua C, Ray J, Zailer E, Diehl B, Gallo V, Todisco S, Ofuji K, Fujita K, Higano T, Geletneky C, Hausler T, Singh N, Yamamoto K, Kato T, Sawa R, Watanabe R, Iwamoto Y, Goda Y. Collaborative Study to Validate Purity Determination by 1H Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy by Using Internal Calibration Methodology. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:868-878. [PMID: 32565492 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has recently been utilized to determine the absolute amounts of organic molecules with metrological traceability since signal intensity is directly proportional to the number of each nucleus in a molecule. The NMR methodology that uses hydrogen nucleus (1H) to quantify chemicals is called quantitative 1H-NMR (1H qNMR). The quantitative method using 1H qNMR for determining the purity or content of chemicals has been adopted into some compendial guidelines and official standards. However, there are still few reports in the literature regarding validation of 1H qNMR methodology. Here, we coordinated an international collaborative study to validate a 1H qNMR based on the use of an internal calibration methodology. Thirteen laboratories participated in this study, and the purities of three samples were individually measured using 1H qNMR method. The three samples were all certified via conventional primary methods of measurement, such as butyl p-hydroxybenzoate Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP) reference standard certified by mass balance; benzoic acid certified reference material (CRM) certified by coulometric titration; fludioxonil CRM certified by a combination of freezing point depression method and 1H qNMR. For each sample, 1H qNMR experiments were optimized before quantitative analysis. The results showed that the measured values of each sample were equivalent to the corresponding reference labeled value. Furthermore, assessment of these 1H qNMR data using the normalized error, En-value, concluded that statistically 1H qNMR has the competence to obtain the same quantification performance and accuracy as the conventional primary methods of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taichi Yamazaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | | | - Yang Liu
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention
| | | | | | - Joseph Ray
- Baxter Healthcare.,University of Illinois at Chicago
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Cienfuegos-Pecina E, Ibarra-Rivera TR, Saucedo AL, Ramírez-Martínez LA, Esquivel-Figueroa D, Domínguez-Vázquez I, Alcántara-Solano KJ, Moreno-Peña DP, Alarcon-Galvan G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez DR, Torres-González L, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Pérez-Rodríguez E, Cordero-Pérez P. Effect of sodium ( S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in male, and succinic acid in female Wistar rats against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting a role of the HIF-1 pathway. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9438. [PMID: 32728491 PMCID: PMC7357568 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of delayed graft function in solid organ transplantation. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control the expression of genes related to preconditioning against IR injury. During normoxia, HIF-α subunits are marked for degradation by the egg-laying defective nine homolog (EGLN) family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The inhibition of EGLN stabilizes HIFs and protects against IR injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether the EGLN inhibitors sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2HG] and succinic acid (SA) have a nephroprotective effect against renal IR injury in Wistar rats. Methods (S)-2HG was synthesized in a 22.96% yield from commercially available L-glutamic acid in a two-step methodology (diazotization/alkaline hydrolysis), and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and polarimetry. SA was acquired commercially. (S)-2HG and SA were independently evaluated in male and female Wistar rats respectively after renal IR injury. Rats were divided into the following groups: sham (SH), nontoxicity [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg], IR, and compound+IR [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg]; independent SH and IR groups were used for each assessed compound. Markers of kidney injury (BUN, creatinine, glucose, and uric acid) and liver function (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, serum proteins, and albumin), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase), and histological parameters (tubular necrosis, acidophilic casts, and vascular congestion) were assessed. Tissue HIF-1α was measured by ELISA and Western blot, and the expression of Hmox1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results (S)-2HG had a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the changes in the BUN, creatinine, ALP, AST, and LDH levels compared with the IR group. Tissue HIF-1α was only increased in the IR group compared to SH; however, (S)-2HG caused a significant increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting an early accumulation of HIF-1α in the (S)-2HG-treated groups. There were no significant effects on the other biomarkers. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect; the only changes were a decrease in creatinine level at 12.5 mg/kg and increased IR injury at 50 mg/kg. There were no effects on the other biochemical, proinflammatory, or oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion None of the compounds were hepatotoxic at the tested doses. (S)-2HG showed a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect at the evaluated doses, which involved an increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting stabilization of HIF-1α. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect but tended to increase IR injury when given at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cienfuegos-Pecina
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Tannya R Ibarra-Rivera
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alma L Saucedo
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Luis A Ramírez-Martínez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Deanna Esquivel-Figueroa
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ixel Domínguez-Vázquez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Karina J Alcántara-Solano
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana P Moreno-Peña
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alarcon-Galvan
- Universidad de Monterrey, Basic Science Department, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Raquel Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-González
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Linda E Muñoz-Espinosa
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Pérez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Transplant Service, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paula Cordero-Pérez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Tang Y, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Nikolić D, Niemitz M, Seigler DS, Graham J, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Quantum Mechanics-Based Structure Analysis of Cyclic Monoterpene Glycosides from Rhodiola rosea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1950-1959. [PMID: 32463230 PMCID: PMC7384765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NMR- and MS-guided metabolomic mining for new phytoconstituents from a widely used dietary supplement, Rhodiola rosea, yielded two new (+)-myrtenol glycosides, 1 and 2, and two new cuminol glycosides, 3 and 4, along with three known analogues, 5-7. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis. Quantum mechanics-driven 1H iterative full spin analysis (QM-HiFSA) decoded the spatial arrangement of the methyl groups in 1 and 2, as well as other features not recognizable by conventional methods, including higher order spin-coupling effects. Expanding applied HiFSA methodology to monoterpene glycosides advances the toolbox for stereochemical assignments, facilitates their structural dereplication, and provides a more definitive reference point for future phytochemical and biological studies of R. rosea as a resilience botanical. Application of a new NMR data analysis software package, CT, for QM-based iteration of NMR spectra is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - J. Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, United States
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | | | - David S. Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - James Graham
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Ahmed HS, Moawad AS, AbouZid SF, Owis AI. Salicylic acid increases flavonolignans accumulation in the fruits of hydroponically cultured Silybum marianum. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:593-598. [PMID: 32435140 PMCID: PMC7229317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) was hydroponically cultured using a nutrient film technique system. Silibinin, isosilibinin and silychristin were detected in the fruits of the cultured plants. The effect of salicylic acid on the improvement of flavonolignans production by the fruits of the hydroponically cultured S. marianum was investigated. Salicylic acid was added to the nutrient solution at different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µM) and the mature fruits of the plant were collected five days after elicitor addition. The fruits were then analyzed for their total flavonolignans contents and individual components using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qHNMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that elicitation with salicylic acid at 200 µM for five days increased production of total flavonolignans (1.7-fold by qHNMR and 1.6-fold by HPLC) higher than the control cultures and (1.4-fold by qHNMR and 1.1-fold by HPLC) higher than the cultivated plants. Silychristin was the major flavonolignan produced by the cultured plant. Elicitation by 200 µM salicylic acid increased silychristin production (1.6-fold by qHNMR and HPLC) higher than the control cultures and (1.3-fold by qHNMR and 1.0-fold by HPLC) higher than the cultivated plants. The present study provides a chance to improve secondary metabolite yield, serves as a useful tool for studying the biosynthesis of these medicinally valuable compounds and its regulation in plant and spots more light on hydroponic system as an important agricultural technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam S Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Abeer S Moawad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
| | - Asmaa I Owis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62111, Egypt
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Franco PHC, Braga SFP, de Oliveira RB, César IC. Purity determination of a new antifungal drug candidate using quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopy: Method validation and comparison of calibration approaches. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:97-105. [PMID: 31441102 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is an analytical technique that offers numerous advantages in pharmaceutical applications including minimum sample preparation and rapid data collection times with no need for response factor corrections, being a powerful tool for assaying drug content in both drug discovery and early drug development. In the present work, we have applied qNMR, using both the internal standard and the electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations 2 calibration methods, to assess the purity of RI76, a novel antifungal drug candidate. NMR acquisition and processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain spectra with intense, well-resolved signals of completely relaxed nuclei. The analytical method was validated following current guidelines, demonstrating selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration approaches were statistically compared, and no significant difference was observed when comparing the obtained results and their dispersion in terms of relative standard deviation. The proposed qNMR method may, therefore, be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of RI76 in early drug development and for characterization of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Liu Z, Chen Z. SpinStudioJ: A cross-platform NMR data acquisition and processing workbench based on a plug-in architecture. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:380-389. [PMID: 30860613 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexibility and extensibility are important issues in the design of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) software, as these determine the ability to integrate a variety of continuously evolving data acquisition and processing methods. Here, SpinStudioJ is introduced. It is an NMR data acquisition and processing workbench with a plug-in-based architecture. The workbench is based on Eclipse Rich Client Platform, which provides a plug-and-play runtime mechanism and rich graphical user interface functionality. New data acquisition methods and processing algorithms can be easily integrated into the SpinStudioJ workbench by defining extension points, without the need to redistribute existing modules. The software is independent of operating systems, as it leverages the cross-platform feature of the Java virtual machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Malca-Garcia GR, Zagal D, Graham J, Nikolić D, Friesen JB, Lankin DC, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Dynamics of the isoflavone metabolome of traditional preparations of Trifolium pratense L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111865. [PMID: 30981705 PMCID: PMC6549234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flowering tops of Trifolium pratense L., popularly known as red clover, are used in ethnic Western and Traditional Chinese medicine, in a variety of preparations, including infusions, decoctions and tinctures. Red clover has been reported to be helpful for treatment of menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, high cholesterol, and other conditions. AIMS OF THE STUDY The aims were to compare the chemical dynamics between traditional preparations of infusions, decoctions, and tinctures, as well as to identify the chemical variability over time in a traditional red clover tincture. For this purpose, eight isoflavone aglycones as well as two glucosides, ononin and sissotrin, were used as marker compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative NMR (qHNMR), LC-MS-MS, and UHPLC-UV methods were used to identify and quantitate the major phenolic compounds found within each extract. RESULTS Infusions, decoctions and tinctures were shown to produce different chemical profiles. Biochanin A and formononetin were identified and quantified in infusion, decoction, and tinctures of red clover. Both infusion and decoction showed higher concentrations of isoflavonoid glucosides, such as ononin and sissotrin, than 45% ethanolic tinctures. Dynamic chemical variability ("dynamic residual complexity") of the red clover tincture was observed over time (one-month), with biochanin A and formononetin reaching peak concentrations at around six days. CONCLUSIONS Insight was gained into why different formulation methods (infusions, decoctions, and tinctures) are traditionally used to treat different health conditions. Moreover, the outcomes show that tinctures, taken over a period of time, are dynamic medicinal formulations that allow for time-controlled release of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Malca-Garcia
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniel Zagal
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - James Graham
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL, 60305, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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26
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Malca Garcia GR, Friesen JB, Liu Y, Nikolić D, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Preparation of DESIGNER extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) by centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360277. [PMID: 31307793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Starting with an isoflavone-rich red clover extract (RCE), this study expands on the DESIGNER approach to Deplete and Enrich Select Ingredients to Generate Normalized Extract Resources using countercurrent separation (CCS) methodology. A hydrostatic CCS (also known as centrifugal partition chromatography, CPC) technique was used to enrich and deplete selected bioactive isoflavones of RCE extracts. In order to efficiently prepare large enough DESIGNER extracts from RCE for biological testing including in vivo assays, it was necessary to choose a balance between resolution and a loading capacity of at least 1 g per separation for the selected solvent system (SS). Adding 3 mL of DMSO to the sample containing equal amounts of upper and lower phases of hexanes-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat 5.5/4.5/5/5, v/v) allowed 1 g of RCE to be dissolved in the sample without disrupting the chromatographic resolution of the target isoflavones. CPC experiments using other solubility modifiers, acetone and acetonitrile indicated that these modifiers increase solubility significantly, even better than DMSO, but the separation of target compounds was sufficiently disturbed to be unacceptable for producing the desired DESIGNER extracts. The preparation of DESIGNER extracts was achieved with two sequential CPC separations. The first produced a biochanin A enriched fraction (93.60% w/w) with only small amounts of other isoflavones: 2.30% w/w prunetin, 1.17% w/w formononetin, and 0.12% w/w irilone. Gravimetric investigations of this step demonstrated the high efficiency of CCS technology for full and unbiased sample recovery, confirmed experimentally to be 99.80%. A formononetin enriched fraction from this first separation was re-chromatographed on a more polar HEMWat (4/6/4/6, v/v) SS to produce a formononetin enriched DESIGNER fraction of 94.70% w/w purity. The presence of the minor (iso)flavonoids: 3.16% w/w pseudobaptigenin, 0.39% w/w kaempferol, and 0.31% w/w genistein was also monitored in these fractions. Chromatographic fractions, combined fractions, and DESIGNER extracts were analyzed with quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) spectroscopy which provided purity information, quantitation, and structural identification of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Malca Garcia
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, 7900 W. Division, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James B McAlpine
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Bradley SA, Jackson WC, Mahoney PP. Measuring Protein Concentration by Diffusion-Filtered Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1962-1967. [PMID: 30608665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of macromolecules in solution is a crucial property in many areas of research, including the development and commercialization of biological therapeutics. For proteins in particular, none of the reported methods for measuring concentration detect a molecular property that is known a priori; rather, they rely on ligand binding, degradation and derivitization, or an intrinsic property that must be determined experimentally. The purpose of this report is to describe (1) a diffusion-filtered qNMR experiment (DF-qNMR) for quantitating macromolecules in complex matrices and (2) an overall method for measuring absolute protein concentration based on this DF-qNMR experiment. This method combines protein denaturation with the diffusion filter to produce clean spectra of the protein with well-resolved resonances, regardless of the matrix complexity. The concentration is then obtained by comparing the peak area of the valine/isoleucine/leucine methyl groups to an external, certified, small-molecule quantitation standard. The method, which is referred to as VILMHA (valine isoleucine leucine methyl hydrogen analysis), was tested on three proteins of various sizes. In all cases, the measured concentration was within 1.8% of the labeled value for the undiluted standard reference material evaluated. In addition, the RSD's were less than 1.25% in all cases and less than 1% in most cases. The accuracy, precision, and ease of use make this method superior to existing absolute protein concentration methods. Furthermore, VILMHA is ideally suited to serve as the basis for converting the relative protein concentration methods into absolute methods or establishing molecular-specific parameters. Finally, DF-qNMR has the potential to quantitate other types of macromolecules (e.g., such as polymers, surfactants, etc.) in the presence of small-molecule contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Bradley
- Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Wesley C Jackson
- Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Patrick P Mahoney
- Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
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28
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Rai J, Basumatary B, Bhandary S, Murugavel M, Sankar J. A tris-(manganese(iii))corrole–porphyrin–corrole triad: synthesis, characterization and catalytic epoxidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7394-7402. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00965e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A homotrimetallic manganese(iii) corrole–porphyrin–corrole triad has been synthesized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Biju Basumatary
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Muthuchamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal-462066
- India
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal-462066
- India
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Möller D, Kushnir S, Grote M, Ismail-Ali A, Koopmans KRM, Calo F, Heinrich S, Diehl B, Schulz F. Flexible enzymatic activation of artificial polyketide extender units by Streptomyces cinnamonensis into the monensin biosynthetic pathway. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:226-234. [PMID: 29927502 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces cinnamonensis A495 is a variant of the monensin producer which instead of the native polyether antibiotic gives rise to antibiotic and anti-tumour shunt-product premonensin. Through the supplementation of the fermentation medium with suitable precursors, premonensin can be derivatized via the incorporation of new-to-nature extender units into the biosynthetic machinery. Polyketide extender units require activation, typically in form of coenzyme A-thioesters. These are membrane impermeable and thus in the past an artificial mimic was employed. Here, we show the use and preliminary characterization of a highly substrate promiscuous new enzyme for the endogenous thioester formation in a Streptomyces strain. These intracellularly activated alternative extender units are significantly better incorporated into premonensin than the synthetically activated counterparts. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Polyketide natural products are of enormous relevance in medicine. The hit-rate in finding active compounds for the potential treatment of various diseases among this substance family of microbial origin is high. However, most polyketides require derivatization to render them suitable for the application. Of relevance in this field is the incorporation of artificial substances into the biogenesis of polyketides, hampered by both the microbial metabolism and the complexity of the enzymes involved. This manuscript describes the straightforward and selective biosynthetic incorporation of synthetic substances into a reduced polyketide and showcases a promising new enzyme to aid this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Möller
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Kushnir
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Grote
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Ismail-Ali
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K R M Koopmans
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - F Calo
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Heinrich
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - B Diehl
- Spectral Service, Köln, Germany
| | - F Schulz
- Organische Chemie 1, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Royes J, Nogales A, Ezquerra T, Oriol L, Tejedor R, Piñol M. Effect of the polymer architecture on the photoinduction of stable chiral organizations. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Quantitative ¹H-NMR Spectroscopy for Profiling Primary Metabolites in Mulberry Leaves. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030554. [PMID: 29498655 PMCID: PMC6017862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary metabolites in aqueous extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves were characterized by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. With the convenience of resonance assignment, GABA together with the other 10 primary metabolites was simultaneously identified and quantified in one 1H-NMR spectrum. In this study, external calibration curves for metabolites were employed to calculate the concentrations of interests. The proposed quantitative approach was demonstrated with good linearity (r2 ranged in the interval of 0.9965–0.9999), precision, repeatability, stability (RSD values in the ranges of 0.35–4.89%, 0.77–7.13% and 0.28–2.33%, respectively) and accuracy (recovery rates from 89.2% to 118.5%). The established 1H-NMR method was then successfully applied to quantify 11 primary metabolites in mulberry leaves from different geographical regions within a rapid analysis time and a simple sample preparation procedure.
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Ma R, Huang T, Zhang W, Li N, Quan C, Li H, Su P, Yang Y. High performance liquid chromatography - Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance - High performance liquid chromatography for purity measurement of human insulin. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1428622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruian Ma
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Can Quan
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Holfeltz VE, Campbell EL, Peterman DR, Standaert RF, Paulenova A, Lumetta GJ, Levitskaia TG. Effect of HEH[EHP] impurities on the ALSEP solvent extraction process. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2017.1412111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Holfeltz
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily L. Campbell
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Dean R. Peterman
- Aqueous Separations and Radiochemistry Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Robert F. Standaert
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Biology & Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Shull Wollan Center — a Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Alena Paulenova
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gregg J. Lumetta
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Nuclear Chemistry and Engineering Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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34
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Monakhova YB, Diehl BWK. Practical guide for selection of 1 H qNMR acquisition and processing parameters confirmed by automated spectra evaluation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:996-1005. [PMID: 28561374 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In our recent paper, a new technique for automated spectra integration and quality control of the acquired results in qNMR was developed and validated (Monakhova & Diehl, Magn. Res. Chem. 2017, doi: 10.1002/mrc.4591). The present study is focused on the influence of acquisition and postacquisition parameters on the developed automated routine in particular, and on the quantitative NMR (qNMR) results in general, which has not been undertaken previously in a systematic and automated manner. Results are presented for a number of model mixtures and authentic pharmaceutical products measured on 500- and 600-MHz NMR spectrometers. The influence of the most important acquisition (spectral width, transmitter [frequency] offset, number of scans, and time domain) and processing (size of real spectrum, deconvolution, Gaussian window multiplication, and line broadening) parameters for qNMR was automatically investigated. Moderate modification of the majority of the investigated parameters from default instrument settings within evaluated ranges does not significantly affect the trueness and precision of the qNMR. Lite Gaussian window multiplication resulted in accuracy improvement of the qNMR output and is recommended for routine measurements. In general, given that the acquisition and processing parameters were selected based on the presented guidelines, automated qNMR analysis can be employed for reproducible high-precision concentration measurements in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia B Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 33, 50996, Köln, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | - Bernd W K Diehl
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 33, 50996, Köln, Germany
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35
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Zhang W, Huang T, Li H, Dai X, Quan C, He Y. Determination of avermectins by the internal standard recovery correction - high performance liquid chromatography - quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance method. Talanta 2017; 172:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Dietz B, Chen SN, Alvarenga RF, Dong H, Nikolić D, Biendl M, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL, Pauli GF. DESIGNER Extracts as Tools to Balance Estrogenic and Chemopreventive Activities of Botanicals for Women's Health. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2284-2294. [PMID: 28812892 PMCID: PMC5765536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements contain multiple bioactive compounds that target numerous biological pathways. The lack of uniform standardization requirements is one reason that inconsistent clinical effects are reported frequently. The multifaceted biological interactions of active principles can be disentangled by a coupled pharmacological/phytochemical approach using specialized ("knock-out") extracts. This is demonstrated for hops, a botanical for menopausal symptom management. Employing targeted, adsorbent-free countercurrent separation, Humulus lupulus extracts were designed for pre- and postmenopausal women by containing various amounts of the phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and the chemopreventive constituent xanthohumol (XH). Analysis of their estrogenic (alkaline phosphatase), chemopreventive (NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 [NQO1]), and cytotoxic bioactivities revealed that the estrogenicity of hops is a function of 8-PN, whereas their NQO1 induction and cytotoxic properties depend on XH levels. Antagonization of the estrogenicity of 8-PN by elevated XH concentrations provided evidence for the interdependence of the biological effects. A designed postmenopausal hop extract was prepared to balance 8-PN and XH levels for both estrogenic and chemopreventive properties. An extract designed for premenopausal women contains reduced 8-PN levels and high XH concentrations to minimize estrogenic while retaining chemopreventive properties. This study demonstrates the feasibility of modulating the concentrations of bioactive compounds in botanical extracts for potentially improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit
M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - René F.
Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Martin Biendl
- Hopsteiner,
Hallertauer Hopfenveredelung GmbH, Auhofstrasse 16, 84048 Mainburg, Germany
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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37
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Rodier JD, D'Anna V, Ritter N, Dalicieux S, Sautet P, Pascault JP, Rousseau A, Fleury E. Isosorbide telechelic bio-based oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Rodier
- Université-Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP, UMR 5223; Villeurbanne 69621 France
- Gattefossé SAS; Saint-Priest 69804 France
| | - Vincenza D'Anna
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR 5182; Lyon 69342 France
| | | | | | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; California State University; Los Angeles California 90095
| | - Jean-Pierre Pascault
- Université-Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP, UMR 5223; Villeurbanne 69621 France
| | - Alain Rousseau
- Université-Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP, UMR 5223; Villeurbanne 69621 France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- Université-Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP, UMR 5223; Villeurbanne 69621 France
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38
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Phansalkar RS, Simmler C, Bisson J, Chen SN, Lankin DC, McAlpine JB, Niemitz M, Pauli GF. Evolution of Quantitative Measures in NMR: Quantum Mechanical qHNMR Advances Chemical Standardization of a Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Extract. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:634-647. [PMID: 28067513 PMCID: PMC5368683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical standardization, along with morphological and DNA analysis ensures the authenticity and advances the integrity evaluation of botanical preparations. Achievement of a more comprehensive, metabolomic standardization requires simultaneous quantitation of multiple marker compounds. Employing quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR), this study determined the total isoflavone content (TIfCo; 34.5-36.5% w/w) via multimarker standardization and assessed the stability of a 10-year-old isoflavone-enriched red clover extract (RCE). Eleven markers (nine isoflavones, two flavonols) were targeted simultaneously, and outcomes were compared with LC-based standardization. Two advanced quantitative measures in qHNMR were applied to derive quantities from complex and/or overlapping resonances: a quantum mechanical (QM) method (QM-qHNMR) that employs 1H iterative full spin analysis, and a non-QM method that uses linear peak fitting algorithms (PF-qHNMR). A 10 min UHPLC-UV method provided auxiliary orthogonal quantitation. This is the first systematic evaluation of QM and non-QM deconvolution as qHNMR quantitation measures. It demonstrates that QM-qHNMR can account successfully for the complexity of 1H NMR spectra of individual analytes and how QM-qHNMR can be built for mixtures such as botanical extracts. The contents of the main bioactive markers were in good agreement with earlier HPLC-UV results, demonstrating the chemical stability of the RCE. QM-qHNMR advances chemical standardization by its inherent QM accuracy and the use of universal calibrants, avoiding the impractical need for identical reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika S. Phansalkar
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | | | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for
Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry
and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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39
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Eisink NNM, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ. Regioselective Carbohydrate Oxidations: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Study on Selectivity, Rate, and Side-Product Formation. ACS Catal 2017; 7:1438-1445. [PMID: 28367353 PMCID: PMC5370080 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Palladium/neocuproine catalyzed oxidation of glucosides shows an excellent selectivity for the C3-OH, but in mannosides and galactosides, unselective oxidation was initially observed. For further application in more-complex (oligo)saccharides, a better understanding of the reaction, in terms of selectivity and reactivity, is required. Therefore, a panel of different glycosides was synthesized, subjected to palladium/neocuproine catalyzed oxidation and subsequently analyzed by qNMR. Surprisingly, all studied glucosides, mannosides, galactosides, and xylosides show selective oxidation of the C3-OH. However, subsequent reaction of the resulting ketone moiety is the main culprit for side product formation. Measures are reported to suppress these side reactions. The observed differences in reaction rate, glucosides being the most rapidly oxidized, may be exploited for the selective oxidation of complex oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek N.
H. M. Eisink
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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del Campo G, Zuriarrain J, Zuriarrain A, Berregi I. Quantitative determination of carboxylic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, ethanol and hydroxymethylfurfural in honey by 1 H NMR. Food Chem 2016; 196:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Liu Y, Friesen JB, Klein LL, McAlpine JB, Lankin DC, Pauli GF, Chen SN. The Generally Useful Estimate of Solvent Systems (GUESS) method enables the rapid purification of methylpyridoxine regioisomers by countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:248-51. [PMID: 26680272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The TLC-based Generally Useful Estimate of Solvent Systems (GUESS) method was employed for countercurrent chromatography solvent system selection, in order to separate the three synthetic isomers: 3-O-methylpyridoxine, 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (ginkgotoxin), and 5'-O-methylpyridoxine. The Rf values of the three isomers indicated that ChMWat+2 (chloroform-methanol-water 10:5:5, v/v/v) was appropriate for the countercurrent separation. The isomer separation was highly selective and demonstrated that the TLC-based GUESS method can accelerate solvent system selection for countercurrent separation. Accordingly, the study re-emphasizes the practicality of TLC as a tool to facilitate the rapid development of new countercurrent and centrifugal partition chromatography methods for this solvent system. Purity and structure characterization of all samples was performed by quantitative (1)H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA.
| | - Larry L Klein
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James B McAlpine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David C Lankin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Sotnik SA, Polunin RA, Kiskin MA, Kirillov AM, Dorofeeva VN, Gavrilenko KS, Eremenko IL, Novotortsev VM, Kolotilov SV. Heterometallic Coordination Polymers Assembled from Trigonal Trinuclear Fe2Ni-Pivalate Blocks and Polypyridine Spacers: Topological Diversity, Sorption, and Catalytic Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5169-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ic503061z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Sotnik
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki 31, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan A. Polunin
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki 31, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Victoria N. Dorofeeva
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki 31, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkackaya str., 61, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin S. Gavrilenko
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkackaya str., 61, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., A. Matrosova
str. 23, Kiev 01103, Ukraine
| | - Igor L. Eremenko
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir M. Novotortsev
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 GSP-1 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Kolotilov
- L. V. Pisarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki 31, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
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43
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Quantification of acesulfame potassium in processed foods by quantitative 1H NMR. Talanta 2015; 131:712-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Reynolds WF, Mazzola EP. Nuclear magnetic resonance in the structural elucidation of natural products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 100:223-309. [PMID: 25632562 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05275-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Pauli GF, Chen SN, Simmler C, Lankin DC, Gödecke T, Jaki BU, Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Napolitano JG. Importance of purity evaluation and the potential of quantitative ¹H NMR as a purity assay. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9220-31. [PMID: 25295852 PMCID: PMC4255677 DOI: 10.1021/jm500734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In any biomedical and chemical context,
a truthful description of chemical constitution requires coverage
of both structure and purity. This qualification affects all drug
molecules, regardless of development stage (early discovery to approved
drug) and source (natural product or synthetic). Purity assessment
is particularly critical in discovery programs and whenever
chemistry is linked with biological and/or therapeutic outcome. Compared
with chromatography and elemental analysis, quantitative NMR (qNMR)
uses nearly universal detection and provides a versatile and orthogonal
means of purity evaluation. Absolute qNMR with flexible calibration
captures analytes that frequently escape detection (water, sorbents).
Widely accepted structural NMR workflows require minimal or no adjustments
to become practical 1H qNMR (qHNMR) procedures with simultaneous
qualitative and (absolute) quantitative capability. This study reviews
underlying concepts, provides a framework for standard qHNMR purity
assays, and shows how adequate accuracy and precision are achieved
for the intended use of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and ‡Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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46
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Willoughby PH, Niu D, Wang T, Haj MK, Cramer CJ, Hoye TR. Mechanism of the reactions of alcohols with o-benzynes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13657-65. [PMID: 25232890 PMCID: PMC4183651 DOI: 10.1021/ja502595m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
have studied reactions of secondary and primary alcohols with
benzynes generated by the hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction.
These alcohols undergo competitive addition vs dihydrogen transfer
to produce aryl ethers vs reduced benzenoid products, respectively.
During the latter process, an equivalent amount of oxidized ketone
(or aldehyde) is formed. Using deuterium labeling studies, we determined
that (i) it is the carbinol C–H and adjacent O–H hydrogen
atoms that are transferred during this process and (ii) the mechanism
is consistent with a hydride-like transfer of the C–H. Substrates
bearing an internal trap attached to the reactive, HDDA-derived benzyne
intermediate were used to probe the kinetic order of the alcohol trapping
agent in the H2-transfer as well as in the alcohol addition
process. The H2-transfer reaction is first order in alcohol.
Our results are suggestive of a concerted H2-transfer process,
which is further supported by density functional theory (DFT) computational
studies and results of a kinetic isotope effect experiment. In contrast,
alcohol addition to the benzyne is second order in alcohol, a previously
unrecognized phenomenon. Additional DFT studies were used to further
probe the mechanistic aspects of the alcohol addition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Willoughby
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Riihinen KR, Ou ZM, Gödecke T, Lankin DC, Pauli GF, Wu CD. The antibiofilm activity of lingonberry flavonoids against oral pathogens is a case connected to residual complexity. Fitoterapia 2014; 97:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Simmler C, Nikolić D, Lankin DC, Yu Y, Friesen JB, van Breemen RB, Lecomte A, Le
Quémener C, Audo G, Pauli G. Orthogonal Analysis Underscores the Relevance of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Licorice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1806-16. [PMID: 25080313 PMCID: PMC4143180 DOI: 10.1021/np5001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Licorice botanicals are produced from the roots of Glycyrrhiza species (Fabaceae), encompassing metabolites of both plant and rhizobial origin. The composition in both primary and secondary metabolites (1°/2°Ms) reflects the physiologic state of the plant at harvest. Interestingly, the relative abundance of 1°Ms vs 2°Ms in licorice extracts remains undetermined. A centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method was developed to purify liquiritin derivatives that represent major bioactive 2°Ms and to concentrate the polar 1°Ms from the crude extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. One objective was to determine the purity of the generated reference materials by orthogonal UHPLC-UV/LC-MS and qHNMR analyses. The other objectives were to evaluate the presence of 1°Ms in purified 2°Ms and define their mass balance in a crude botanical extract. Whereas most impurities could be assigned to well-known 1°Ms, p-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid, a new natural tyrosine analogue, was also identified. Additionally, in the most polar fraction, sucrose and proline represented 93% (w/w) of all qHNMR-quantified 1°Ms. Compared to the 2°Ms, accounting for 11.9% by UHPLC-UV, 1°Ms quantified by qHNMR defined an additional 74.8% of G. uralensis extract. The combined orthogonal methods enable the mass balance characterization of licorice extracts and highlight the relevance of 1°Ms, and accompanying metabolites, for botanical quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Yang Yu
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - J. Brent Friesen
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Alicia Lecomte
- Armen
Instrument, Z.I. de Kermelin, 16 Rue Ampère, F-56890 Saint Avé, France
| | - Céline Le
Quémener
- Armen
Instrument, Z.I. de Kermelin, 16 Rue Ampère, F-56890 Saint Avé, France
| | - Grégoire Audo
- Armen
Instrument, Z.I. de Kermelin, 16 Rue Ampère, F-56890 Saint Avé, France
| | - Guido
F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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49
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Pauli GF, Chen SN, Lankin DC, Bisson J, Case RJ, Chadwick LR, Gödecke T, Inui T, Krunic A, Jaki B, McAlpine JB, Mo S, Napolitano JG, Orjala J, Lehtivarjo J, Korhonen SP, Niemitz M. Essential parameters for structural analysis and dereplication by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1473-87. [PMID: 24895010 PMCID: PMC4076039 DOI: 10.1021/np5002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the importance of adequate precision when reporting the δ and J parameters of frequency domain (1)H NMR (HNMR) data. Using a variety of structural classes (terpenoids, phenolics, alkaloids) from different taxa (plants, cyanobacteria), this study develops rationales that explain the importance of enhanced precision in NMR spectroscopic analysis and rationalizes the need for reporting Δδ and ΔJ values at the 0.1-1 ppb and 10 mHz level, respectively. Spectral simulations paired with iteration are shown to be essential tools for complete spectral interpretation, adequate precision, and unambiguous HNMR-driven dereplication and metabolomic analysis. The broader applicability of the recommendation relates to the physicochemical properties of hydrogen ((1)H) and its ubiquity in organic molecules, making HNMR spectra an integral component of structure elucidation and verification. Regardless of origin or molecular weight, the HNMR spectrum of a compound can be very complex and encode a wealth of structural information that is often obscured by limited spectral dispersion and the occurrence of higher order effects. This altogether limits spectral interpretation, confines decoding of the underlying spin parameters, and explains the major challenge associated with the translation of HNMR spectra into tabulated information. On the other hand, the reproducibility of the spectral data set of any (new) chemical entity is essential for its structure elucidation and subsequent dereplication. Handling and documenting HNMR data with adequate precision is critical for establishing unequivocal links between chemical structure, analytical data, metabolomes, and biological activity. Using the full potential of HNMR spectra will facilitate the general reproducibility for future studies of bioactive chemicals, especially of compounds obtained from the diversity of terrestrial and marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - David C. Lankin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ryan J. Case
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lucas R. Chadwick
- Bells Brewery, 8938 Krum Avenue, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49009, United States
| | - Tanja Gödecke
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Taichi Inui
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Aleksej Krunic
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Birgit
U. Jaki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shunyan Mo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - José G. Napolitano
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jimmy Orjala
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Juuso Lehtivarjo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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50
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Liang X, Du L, Su F, Parekh HS, Su W. The application of quantitative NMR for the facile, rapid and reliable determination of clindamycin phosphate in a conventional tablet formulation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:178-82. [PMID: 24464591 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic tools such as NMR can be applied to the quantitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients with relative ease and accuracy. Here, we demonstrate the quantification of clindamycin phosphate (CLP) in a conventional tablet formulation, performed using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) as the internal standard and deuterium oxide (D2O) as the NMR solvent. The methyl protons signal of CLP at 0.72 ppm (triplet) relative to the signal of KHP at 7.37-7.40 ppm (multiplet) was used for quantification purposes using (1)H NMR. This method was shown to be specific and linear (r = 0.9997) within the CLP concentration range from 7.2 to 23.1 mg per 0.5 ml of D2O. The maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of accuracy and precision was calculated at 0.39% and 0.64%, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification were 0.04 and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively. The method was highly stable with a calculated RSD of 0.03%. The robustness of the method was demonstrated by changing four different parameters, and the difference among each parameter was ≤ 0.78%. The findings of this work were in good agreement with previously reported conventional HPLC-based approaches, highlighting its applicability in the determination of other active pharmaceutical ingredients in conventional formulations for quality control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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