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Pongkitwitoon B, Putalun W, Triwitayakorn K, Kitisripanya T, Kanchanapoom T, Boonsnongcheep P. Anti-inflammatory activity of verbascoside- and isoverbascoside-rich Lamiales medicinal plants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23644. [PMID: 38187323 PMCID: PMC10770615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Verbascoside and isoverbascoside are two active phenylethanoid glycosides mainly found in plants of the order Lamiales. This study analyzes the verbascoside and isoverbascoside levels and the total phenolic contents in the water and ethanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants of the order Lamiales commonly used in Thailand. The related bioactivities, including the antioxidant activity via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reduction activity potential assays and anti-tyrosinase and -inflammatory activities via the cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide assays are also investigated. The extracts of several plant species, including Barleria prionitis, B. lupulina, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Nicoteba betonica, exhibit high verbascoside and isoverbascoside content levels. The correlation analysis between the bioactive activities and the active compounds demonstrates a significant association between the verbascoside level in the water extracts and both the DPPH antioxidant activity and the nitric oxide level in the anti-inflammatory assays. This study provides the first report on the verbascoside and isoverbascoside quantification of several plant samples. The findings provide valuable insights for future research on lesser-studied plants possessing high verbascoside and isoverbascoside levels, which exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyakan Pongkitwitoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Tharita Kitisripanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Ndongwe T, Witika BA, Mncwangi NP, Poka MS, Skosana PP, Demana PH, Summers B, Siwe-Noundou X. Iridoid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review from 1970-2022. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:770. [PMID: 36765728 PMCID: PMC9913650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of cancer cases has coincided with the urgent need for the development of potent chemical entities and/or modification of existing commodities to improve their efficacy. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with colon cancer cases alone likely to rise exponentially by 2030. The exponential rise in cancer prevalence is largely attributable to the growing change toward a sedentary lifestyle and modern diets, which include genetically modified foods. At present, the prominent treatments for cancer are chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Despite slowing cancer progression, these treatments are known to have devastating side effects that may deteriorate the health of the patient, thus, have a low risk-benefit ratio. In addition, many cancer drugs have low bioavailability, thereby limiting their therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Moreover, the drastic rise in the resistance of neoplastic cells to chemotherapeutic agents is rendering the use of some drugs ineffective, thereby signaling the need for more anticancer chemical entities. As a result, the use of natural derivatives as anticancer agents is gaining considerable attention. Iridoids have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antimalarial drugs, which synergistically have the potential to increase their effects. Published studies have identified the role of iridoids, which, if fully explored, may result in cheaper and less toxic alternative/adjuvant cancer drugs. The subject of this article is natural and synthetic iridoid derivatives and their potential therapeutic roles as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaka Ndongwe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Nontobeko P. Mncwangi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Madan S. Poka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Phumzile P. Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Patrick H. Demana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Beverley Summers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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Singh S, Kumar M, Dwivedi S, Yadav A, Sharma S. Distribution profile of iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds in two Barleria species and their correlation with antioxidant and antibacterial activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1076871. [PMID: 36699860 PMCID: PMC9868927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1076871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Barleria prionitis is known for its medicinal properties from ancient times. Bioactive iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds have been isolated from leaves of this plant. However, other parts of a medicinal plants are also important, especially roots. Therefore, it is important to screen all organs for complete chemical characterization. METHOD All parts of B. prionitis, including leaf, root, stem and inflorescence in search of bioactive compounds, with a rapid and effective metabolomic method. X500R QTOF system with information dependent acquisition (IDA) method was used to collect high resolution accurate mass data (HRMS) on both the parent (MS signal) and their fragment ions (MS/MS signal). ESI spectra was obtained in positive ion mode from all parts of the plant. A comparative analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activity was done and their correlation study with the identified compounds was demonstrated. Principal component analysis was performed. RESULT Iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds were identified from all parts of the showing variability in presence and abundance. Many of the compounds are reported first time in B. prionitis. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity was revealed in all organs, root being the most effective one. Some of the iridoid glycoside and phenolic compounds found to be positively correlated with the tested biological activity. Principal component analysis of the chemical profiles showed variability in distribution of the compounds. CONCLUSION All parts of B. prionitis are rich source of bioactive iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Statistics, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Seema Dwivedi
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anjali Yadav
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sulaiman M, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Rajagopal M, Rusdi NA, Seelan JSS, Suleiman M, Zakaria ZA, Wiart C. Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Plants of Asia and the Pacific. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:643. [PMID: 36286466 PMCID: PMC9605323 DOI: 10.3390/md20100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes such as the White Spot Syndrome Virus account for severe losses in the shrimp farming industry globally. This review examines the literature on the mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific with antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral activities. All of the available data published on this subject were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1968 to 2022. Out of about 286 plant species, 119 exhibited antimicrobial effects, and a total of 114 antimicrobial natural products have been identified including 12 with MIC values below 1 µg/mL. Most of these plants are medicinal. The mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific yield secondary metabolites with the potential to mitigate infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdida Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Monica Suleiman
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Xiao J, Cai M, Wang Y, Ding P. Antiviral Activities of Officinaloside C against Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113365. [PMID: 35684303 PMCID: PMC9182280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The iridoid compounds in traditional Chinese medicine play a prominent role in their antiviral effects. We previously reported the anti-inflammatory effect of new iridoids from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis. Nevertheless, several open questions remain to explore the other biological functions of these new iridoid compounds. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in human beings worldwide and due to limited therapies, mainly with the guanosine analog aciclovir (ACV) and other analogs, the search for new drugs with different modes of action and low toxicity becomes particularly urgent for public health. This study aimed to explore the anti-HSV-1 effects of iridoids from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis. The dried aerial parts of Morinda officinalis were extracted with 95% ethanol and systematic separation and purification were then carried out by modern column chromatography methods such as silica gel column, RP-ODS column, Sephadex LH-20 gel column, and semi-preparative liquid phase, and the structure of these compounds were identified through the physical and chemical properties and a variety of spectral techniques. The obtained seven new iridoid compounds were screened for antiviral activity on HSV-1 through CCK8 and the cytopathic effect, and then the plaque reduction assay, the anti-fluorescence reporter virus strain replication, and RT-qPCR experiments were carried out to further evaluate the antiviral effect. Seven new iridoid compounds (officinaloside A-G) were identified from the aerial parts of Morinda officinalis, and officinaloside C showed anti-HSV-1 activity. Further functional experiments confirmed that officinaloside C has a significant inhibiting effect on HSV-1 virus plaque formation, viral gene, and protein expression, and fluorescent virus replication. Our findings suggest that officinaloside C has significant inhibitory effects on viral plaque formation, genome replication, and viral protein expression of HSV-1 which implies that officinaloside C exhibits viral activity and may be a promising treatment for HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.X.); (M.C.)
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.X.); (M.C.)
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.D.); Tel.: +86-020-39358233 (P.D.)
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; (J.X.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (P.D.); Tel.: +86-020-39358233 (P.D.)
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Ashrafi S, Rahman M, Ahmed P, Alam S, Hossain MA. Prospective Asian plants with corroborated antiviral potentials: Position standing in recent years. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 35402627 PMCID: PMC8980796 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections caused by viruses. Amongst numerous other illnesses, viral infections have challenged human existence severely. Over the history of mankind, new viruses have emerged and presented us with new tests. The range of viral infections varies from familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu, and warts to severe ailments such as AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. The world has been racing to find an effective cure for the newly evolving viruses. Toxic effects, non-selectivity, drug resistance, and high price are the most common complications of conventional treatment procedures. Nature is a marvelous source of phytoconstituents with incredible varieties of biological activities. By tradition, medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of countless infectious diseases worldwide, some of which contain a broad spectrum of activities. Modern drug discovery and development techniques offer highly efficient separation techniques, inauguration of vector-based schemes where the original infectious virus is cloned to the non-infectious one for antiviral screening targets. The objective of the review was to gather available data on 20 both cultivated and native plants of Asia giving antiviral activities and provide comprehensive information on the phytochemical analysis of the plants and potential antiviral compounds isolated from these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Mamunur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Pollob Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Lekhak MM, Patil SS, Deshmukh PV, Lekhak UM, Kumar V, Rastogi A. Genus Barleria L. (Acanthaceae): a review of its taxonomy, cytogenetics, phytochemistry and pharmacological potential. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:812-842. [PMID: 35199159 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Barleria, a large genus of the Acanthaceae family, comprises more than 300 species with diverse taxonomy, cytogenetics, phytochemistry and pharmacological potential. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically assess the research on Barleria and provide guidance for future investigations. METHODS The data were obtained from different sources, such as books, theses, journals and some of the websites and internet-based searches, published from 1901 to 2020. Data obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, online electronic journals, SpringerLink, Wiley, etc. have also been used. KEY FINDINGS The species of this genus exhibit considerable medicinal properties. Cytogenetical data are scantily available with chromosome counts available for only 24 species. The most common chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 40. So far, 187 compounds are reported from Barleria species. The active principles, their uses, toxicity and pharmacological effects are discussed. Essential oils, flavones, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes and terpenoids form the major compounds. SUMMARY It is highly recommended that the pharmacological and economic potential of Barleria species should be exploited and more detailed studies and attention be geared towards its utilization and conservation. In addition, to ensure maximum pharmacological benefits and sustainable use, it is necessary to have empirical information explaining its ethnobotanical values as well as commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Lekhak
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suraj S Patil
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip V Deshmukh
- Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Utkarsha M Lekhak
- Department of Biochemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Gangaram S, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH, El-Hendawy S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Barleria (Acanthaceae). PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010082. [PMID: 35009086 PMCID: PMC8747396 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections. Evidence derived from several studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiamoebic, antihelminthic, antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties and toxicity of extracts, in addition inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, of the plant and seed extracts of species belonging to Barleria. Studies have reported that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, quinones, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, the immunostimulant protein “Sankaranin”, and antibiotics isolated from Barleria species are resposnsible for the above biological activities. Traditionally, the genus Barleria has significant medicinal potential; however, there is a scarcity of information on various species that are yet to be evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive report on existing literature, concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Barleria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serisha Gangaram
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Bernardi M, Ghaani MR, Bayazeid O. Phenylethanoid glycosides as a possible COVID-19 protease inhibitor: a virtual screening approach. J Mol Model 2021; 27:341. [PMID: 34731296 PMCID: PMC8565174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From the beginning of pandemic, more than 240 million people have been infected with a death rate higher than 2%. Indeed, the current exit strategy involving the spreading of vaccines must be combined with progress in effective treatment development. This scenario is sadly supported by the vaccine's immune activation time and the inequalities in the global immunization schedule. Bringing the crises under control means providing the world population with accessible and impactful new therapeutics. We screened a natural product library that contains a unique collection of 2370 natural products into the binding site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro). According to the docking score and to the interaction at the active site, three phenylethanoid glycosides (forsythiaside A, isoacteoside, and verbascoside) were selected. In order to provide better insight into the atomistic interaction and test the impact of the three selected compounds at the binding site, we resorted to a half microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, we are showing that forsythiaside A is the most stable molecule and it is likely to possess the highest inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Phenylethanoid glycosides also have been reported to have both protease and kinase activity. This kinase inhibitory activity is very beneficial in fighting viruses inside the body as kinases are required for viral entry, metabolism, and/or reproduction. The dual activity (kinase/protease) of phenylethanoid glycosides makes them very promising anit-COVID-19 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bernardi
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Omer Bayazeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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Umereweneza D, Molel JT, Said J, Atilaw Y, Muhizi T, Trybala E, Bergström T, Gogoll A, Erdélyi M. Antiviral iridoid glycosides from Clerodendrum myricoides. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105055. [PMID: 34626739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The methanol root extract of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke afforded two new (1, 2) and two known (3, 4) iridoid glycosides. The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on NMR, IR, UV and MS data analyses. The crude extract and the isolated constituents were assayed for antiviral activity against the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells. The crude extract inhibited RSV infectivity at EC50 = 0.21 μg/ml, while it showed cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells with CC50 = 9 μg/ml. Compound 2 showed 43.2% virus inhibition at 100 μM, while compounds 1 as well as 3 and 4 had only weak antiviral and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Umereweneza
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jackson T Molel
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Théoneste Muhizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adolf Gogoll
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Cock IE, Van Vuuren SF. The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113194. [PMID: 32730880 PMCID: PMC7384428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viral respiratory infections are amongst the most common infections globally, with most of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Numerous plant species are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat these diseases and to alleviate the symptoms. Despite this, the therapeutic potential of these plants against viral respiratory diseases remains poorly explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to document the southern African plant species used in traditional medicine to treat viral respiratory infections. We also examined the extent of scientific evaluations of southern African plant species against the respiratory-infective viruses, with the aim of stimulating interest in this area and focusing on future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook an extensive review of ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary scientific studies to identify southern African plants which are used in traditional southern African medicine to treat viral respiratory diseases. This information was used to identify gaps in the current research that require further study. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-seven southern African plant species were identified as traditional therapies for viral respiratory diseases. Surprisingly, only one of those species (as well as twenty-one other species not recorded for these purposes) has been evaluated for the ability to block respiratory virus production. Furthermore, most of these studies screened against a single viral strain and none of those studies examined the mechanism of action of the plant preparations. CONCLUSIONS Despite well documented records of the use of southern African plants to treat respiratory viral diseases, the field is poorly explored. Nearly all of the plant species used in traditional healing systems to treat these diseases are yet to be tested. Substantial further work is required to verify the efficacy of these traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sandy F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
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Mondal P, Natesh J, Abdul Salam AA, Thiyagarajan S, Meeran SM. Traditional medicinal plants against replication, maturation and transmission targets of SARS-CoV-2: computational investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2715-2732. [PMID: 33150860 PMCID: PMC7651333 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1842246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The critical components of SARS-CoV-2 are the spike protein (S-protein) and the main protease (Mpro). Mpro is required for the maturation of the various polyproteins involved in replication and transcription. S-protein helps the SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Since ACE2 is required for the binding of SARS-CoV-2 on the host cells, ACE2 inhibitors and blockers have got wider attention, in addition to S-protein and Mpro modulators as potential therapeutics for COVID-19. So far, no specific drugs have shown promising therapeutic potential against COVID-19. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic potential of traditional medicinal plants against COVID-19. The bioactives from the medicinal plants, along with standard drugs, were screened for their binding against S-protein, Mpro and ACE2 targets using molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics. Based on the higher binding affinity compared with standard drugs, bioactives were selected and further analyzed for their pharmacological properties such as drug-likeness, ADME/T-test, biological activities using in silico tools. The binding energies of several bioactives analyzed with target proteins were relatively comparable and even better than the standard drugs. Based on Lipinski factors and lower binding energies, seven bioactives were further analyzed for their pharmacological and biological characteristics. The selected bioactives were found to have lower toxicity with a higher GI absorption rate and potent anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against targets of COVID-19. Therefore, the bioactives from these medicinal plants can be further developed as phytopharmaceuticals for the effective treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Ajees Abdul Salam
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Saravanamuthu Thiyagarajan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Electronic City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang Y, Hu H, Luo J. Diffusosides C and D, two new iridoid glucosides from Oldenlandia diffusa. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2300-2305. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1830397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiabo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Research of TCM and New Drug, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ghule BV, Kotagale NR, Patil KS. Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators in rat neutrophils by shanzhiside methyl ester and its acetyl derivative isolated from Barleria prionitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112374. [PMID: 31704416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Barleria prionitis Linn. (BP) (Acanthaceae) plant has long been used to treat inflammatory disorders such as toothache, swellings, arthritis and gout. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shanzhiside methyl ester (SME), 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (ASME) and iridoid glycosides rich monoterpenoidal fraction (IFBp), isolated from the aerial part of BP, on the pro-inflammatory mediators in stimulated rat neutrophils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat neutrophils were incubated with or without test drugs. The influence of laboratory isolated and identified SME, ASME and IFBp on the production and release of pro-inflammatory mediators i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated in the formyl-met-leu-phenylalanine (f-MLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. IFBp was also standardized with the high performance thin layer chromatography by simultaneous determination of SME and ASME marker compounds. RESULTS SME, ASME and IFBp displayed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the MPO, elastase and MMP-9 enzymes release, and IL-8, TNF-α and LTB4 cytokines production in the f-MLP and LPS stimulated rat neutrophils. The content of SME and ASME was found to be 17.32 ± 1.98 and 11.30 ± 1.06% w/w, respectively, in IFBp by HPTLC method. CONCLUSION Altogether, the present results suggest that the iridoidal glycosides of BP may be considered as therapeutic strategy against neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. Developed and validated HPTLC method for the standardization of IFBp of BP can be used as a quality control tool for the routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of Barleria species containing SME and/or ASME.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Ghule
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha, 442 001, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - N R Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - K S Patil
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha, 442 001, Maharashtra State, India.
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Wang C, Gong X, Bo A, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zang E, Zhang C, Li M. Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2020; 25:E287. [PMID: 31936853 PMCID: PMC7024201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoids are a class of active compounds that widely exist in the plant kingdom. In recent years, with advances in phytochemical research, many compounds with novel structure and outstanding activity have been identified. Iridoid compounds have been confirmed to mainly exist as the prototype and aglycone and Ι and II metabolites, by biological transformation. These metabolites have been shown to have neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the new structures and activities of iridoids identified locally and globally, and explains their pharmacokinetics from the aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion according to the differences in their structures, thus providing a theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of iridoids and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Xue Gong
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Agula Bo
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China;
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; (C.W.); (X.G.); (A.B.); (M.Z.); (E.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
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Gupta D, Gupta RK, Jain A, Bindhumadhav S, Sangeeta, Garg P, Chaturvedi S, Chattu VK. Assessment of Effectiveness of Barleria prionitis on Oral Health. Pharmacognosy Res 2016; 8:169-72. [PMID: 27365983 PMCID: PMC4908843 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.181456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of Barleria prionitis extract mouthwash in comparison with gold standard chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on the oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups, B. prionitis group and the CHX gluconate mouthwash group. The data were collected at the baseline and 3 days. The plaque was disclosed using erythrosine disclosing agent and their scores were recorded using the Quigley and Hein plaque index modified by Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the effect of the two drug regime. RESULTS Our result showed that the CHX and the B. prionitis were statistically equally effective against dental plaque. Although the action of CHX was more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS This study has confirmed antimicrobial potential of the plant B. prionitis, thus supporting its folklore application as preventive remedy against oral microbial diseases. SUMMARY Within the limitation of this trial, herbal mouthwash has been shown to demonstrate similar effects on plaque as compared to the standard drug CHX. Further long term research needs to be done to check the efficacy and effectiveness of herbal products over standard drug regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanand Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Science, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, and General Secretory, International Society for Holistic Dentistry, India
| | | | - Ankita Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sangeeta
- Consultant Dental Surgeon, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Purnima Garg
- Consultant Stomatologist, Dehradoon, Uttrakhand, India
| | | | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
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Anti-arthritic activity of Barleria prionitis Linn. leaves in acute and chronic models in Sprague Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jaiswal SK, Dubey MK, Das S, Rao CV. Gastroprotective effect of the iridoid fraction from Barleria prionitis leaves on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:738-44. [PMID: 25443366 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the gastroprotective effect and in vivo antioxidant potential of a standardized iridoid fraction from B. prionitis leaves (BPE) against different gastric ulcer models in rats. METHOD The standardized iridoid fraction from BPE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from aspirin, ethanol, cold-restraint stress (CRS), and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of the antioxidant enzyme activity was carried out in a CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters including volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model. RESULTS BPE showed a dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in PL (18.67%-66.26% protection), aspirin (24.65%-63.25% protection), CRS (20.77%-59.42% protection), and EtOH (16.93%-77.04% protection)-induced ulcers. BPE treatment in PL-rats showed a decrease in acid-pepsin secretion, and enhanced mucin and mucosal glycoproteins. However, BPE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO (P < 0.01-0.001), SOD (P < 0.01-0.001), and an increase in CAT (P < 0.01-0.001), activity in the CRS-induced model. CONCLUSION The data shows that the iridoid fraction from BPE possesses anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacy, Rameshwaram Institutes of Technology & Management, Lucknow 226020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh K Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ch V Rao
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Div., National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Behbahani M. Evaluation of anti-HIV-1 activity of a new iridoid glycoside isolated from Avicenna marina, in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:262-6. [PMID: 25239814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to check the efficacy of methanol seed extract of Avicenna marina and its column chromatographic fractions on Peripheral Blood Mono nuclear Cells (PBMCs) toxicity and HIV-1 replication. The anti-HIV-1 activities of crude methanol extract and its fractions were performed by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and HIV-1 p24 antigen kit. A time of drug addiction approach was also done to identify target of anti-HIV compound. The activity of the extracts on CD4, CD3, CD19 and CD45 expression in lymphocytes population was performed by use of flow cytometry. The most active anti-HIV agent was detected by spectroscopic analysis as 2'-O-(4-methoxycinnamoyl) mussaenosidic acid. The apparent effective concentrations for 50% virus replication (EC50) of methanol extract and iridoid glycoside were 45 and 0.1 μg/ml respectively. The iridoid glycoside also did not have any observable effect on the proportion of CD4, CD3, CD19 and CD45 cells or on the intensity of their expressions on PBMCs. In addition, the expression level of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on CD4(+) T cells were decreased in cells treated with this iridoid glycoside. The reduction of these two HIV coreceptors and the result of time of addition study demonstrated that this iridoid glycoside restricts HIV-1 replication on the early stage of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Behbahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
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Cao F, Shao CL, Chen M, Zhang MQ, Xu KX, Meng H, Wang CY. Antiviral C-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia rebekka. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1488-1493. [PMID: 24882250 DOI: 10.1021/np500252q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four new steroids with an acetoxy linked at the end of the side chain, echrebsteroids A-D (1-4) were obtained from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia rebekka. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using the modified Mosher's method on the hydrolysis products. The isolation of the pair of epimers (2 and 3) represents the first reported separation of C-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids. The (25R)-epimer (3) exhibited promising antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus with an IC50 value of 0.19 μM and a comparatively higher therapeutic ratio (TC50/IC50 = 128).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Huang J, Nie L, Chen J, Cao W, Wu X. Enantioselective synthesis of indoloquinolizidines via asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation/lactamization of imino diesters. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12009-17. [PMID: 24195678 DOI: 10.1021/jo4020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient cascade sequence for asymmetric synthesis of indoloquinolizidines with absolute control of cis-H2/H12b relative geometry in good to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. This cascade was triggered by the Ru(II)-TsDPEN-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of imino diesters, with subsequent spontaneous lactamization with discrimination between the two diastereotopic 2-alkoxy-2-oxoethyl groups. The synthetic utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the asymmetric preparation of dihydrocorynantheol, geissoschizol, and isogeissoschizol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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Ghule B, Palve S, Rathi L, Yeole P. Validated HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of shanzhiside methyl ester and barlerin inBarleria prionitis. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ghule BV, Yeole PG. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of iridoids fraction from Barleria prionitis Linn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:424-431. [PMID: 22440262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Barleria prionitis Linn. (Family: Acanthaceae), one of the important Ayurvedic medicinal plant in India, has long been used to treat variety of ailments including swellings, gout, arthritic and rheumatic disorders, nervine and skin diseases, and also acts as immunorestorative. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was aimed to explore in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of the iridoids fraction i.e. n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Barleria prionitis aerial parts (IFBp). MATERIALS AND METHODS IFBp was studied for in vitro [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test and neutrophils candidacidal assay] and in vivo immunomodulatory activity on cellular and humoral immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and by neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The study comprised the preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC standardization and maximum tolerable dose determination of IFBp. RESULTS IFBp (50, 100 and 200μg/ml) significantly (P≤0.01) increased the intracellular killing activity of stimulated neutrophils assayed by in vitro NBT reduction test and neutrophils candidacidal assay. Pretreatment of IFBp (100 and 200mg/kg; p.o.) evoked a significant increase in percent neutrophils and neutrophils adhesion to nylon fibres. Oral administration of IFBp augmented the humoral immune response to SRBCs, evidenced by increase in antibody titres and dose dependently potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by SRBCs in mice. IFBp potentiated significantly (P≤0.01) the macrophage phagocytic activity and ameliorated the red blood cells, total white blood cells and platelets count and haemoglobin concentration, and also restored the myelosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide. The content (% w/w; mean±SD, n=3) of main iridoids i.e. shanzhiside methyl ester and barlerin was found to be 21.55±2.40 and 10.03±1.69 in IFBp of BP, respectively. CONCLUSION The present investigation reveals that IFBp is a potent immunostimulant, stimulating both the specific and non-specific immune mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Butanol/chemistry
- Acanthaceae/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/toxicity
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Diseases/chemically induced
- Bone Marrow Diseases/drug therapy
- Bone Marrow Diseases/immunology
- Candida albicans/pathogenicity
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cyclophosphamide
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythrocytes/drug effects
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Hemagglutination/drug effects
- Hemagglutination Tests
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/chemically induced
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Iridoids/isolation & purification
- Iridoids/pharmacology
- Iridoids/toxicity
- Male
- Maximum Tolerated Dose
- Methanol/chemistry
- Mice
- Neutrophil Activation/drug effects
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/microbiology
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Components, Aerial
- Plants, Medicinal
- Sheep
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Ghule
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha 442 001, Maharashtra State, India
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Bioactivity-guided fractionation and analysis of compounds with anti-influenza virus activity from Gardenia jasminoides ellis. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:9-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Banerjee D, Maji A, Mahapatra S, Banerji P. Barleria prionitis Linn.: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2012.31.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhawan BN. Anti-Viral Activity of Indian Plants. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INDIA. SECTION B 2012; 82:209-224. [PMID: 32226204 PMCID: PMC7099914 DOI: 10.1007/s40011-011-0016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants continue to be a major source for new chemical entities to develop novel therapeutic agents. Large number of plants has been shown to be active in vitro against a variety of human pathogenic viruses or their near congeners. In several cases the active compounds have been isolated and characterized. Very few of them, however, have been investigated in detail in vivo or taken to the clinic. Pure compounds like andrographolide, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid as well as extracts of Azadirachta indica have shown activity against several viruses and should be investigated further for their therapeutic potential. An analysis of available data from several hundred species indicates that antiviral activity is more likely to be found in plants belonging to certain families. It is necessary to screen more plants of these families which are available in India to obtain further leads.
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Lin S, Deiana L, Tseggai A, Córdova A. Concise Total Synthesis of Dihydrocorynanthenol, Protoemetinol, Protoemetine, 3-epi-Protoemetinol and Emetine. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sohail MN, Rasul F, Karim A, Kanwal U, Attitalla IH. Plant as a Source of Natural Antiviral Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2011.1125.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang W, Bah J, Wohlfarth A, Franzén J. A Stereodivergent Strategy for the Preparation of Corynantheine and Ipecac Alkaloids, Their Epimers, and Analogues: Efficient Total Synthesis of (−)-Dihydrocorynantheol, (−)-Corynantheol, (−)-Protoemetinol, (−)-Corynantheal, (−)-Protoemetine, and Related. Chemistry 2011; 17:13814-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Maji A, Bhadra S, Mahapatra S, Banerji P, Banerjee D. Mast Cell Stabilization and Membrane Protection Activity of Barleria prionitis L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.24.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sun X, Ma D. Organocatalytic approach for the syntheses of corynantheidol, dihydrocorynantheol, protoemetinol, protoemetine, and mitragynine. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2158-65. [PMID: 21671404 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
O-Trimethylsilyl (TMS)-protected diphenylprolinol-catalyzed Michael addition of a functionalized alkylidene malonate and n-butanal affords an aldehyde. This adduct can serve as the common intermediate for the assembly of secologanin tryptamine and dopamine alkaloids; this is demonstrated by the total syntheses of corynantheidol, dihydrocorynantheol, protoemetinol, and protoemetine, and the formal synthesis of mitragynine. The key steps include reductive amination of this aldehyde with tryptamine, condensation of this aldehyde with 4-methoxytryptamine, condensation of dimethoxyphenethylamine with a lactone derived from this aldehyde, and subsequent Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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English BJ, Williams RM. A divergent strategy for the synthesis of secologanin derived natural products. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7869-76. [PMID: 20964396 PMCID: PMC3037978 DOI: 10.1021/jo101775n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of D,L-geissoschizol, D,L-corynantheidol, D,L-dihydrocorynantheol, D,L-protoemetinol, and D,L-3-epi-protoemetinol have been accomplished from a single synthetic intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. English
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Widyowati R, Tezuka Y, Miyahara T, Awale S, Kadota S. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Enhancing Iridoid Glucosides from the Indonesian Medicinal Plant Barleria Lupulina. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find antiosteoporotic agents from natural resources, 32 Indonesian medicinal plants were screened for their effects on osteoblast differentiation by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells as a marker. From the extract of Barleria lupulina, which showed the most potent activity, 13 iridoid glucosides, including three new ones [8- O-acetylipolamiidic acid (1), 8- O-acetyl-6- O-( p-methoxy- cis-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (2), and 8- O-acetyl-6- O-( p-methoxy- trans-cinnamoyl)shanzhiside (3)] were identified. Among the 13 iridoid glucosides, ipolamiide (4) showed the most potent activity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Widyowati
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Miyahara
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Kadota
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Dheer R, Bhatnagar P. A study of the antidiabetic activity of Barleria prionitisLinn. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:70-3. [PMID: 20711368 PMCID: PMC2907017 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.64493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the antidiabetic activity of Barleria prionitis Linn in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alcoholic extract of leaf and root of B. prionitis was tested for their antidiabetic activity. Albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. In three groups, diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and all the rats were given different treatments consisting of vehicle, alcoholic extract of leaves, and alcoholic extract roots of B. prionitis Linn (200 mg/kg) for 14 days. The same treatment was given to the other three groups, comprising non-diabetic (normal) animals. Blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, liver glycogen, serum insulin, and body weight were estimated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, before and 2 weeks after administration of drugs. RESULTS Animals treated with the alcoholic extract of leaves of B. prionitis Linn showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level (P<0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0.01). A significant increase was observed in serum insulin level (P<0.01) and liver glycogen level (P<0.05), whereas the decrease in the body weight was arrested by administration of leaf extract to the animals. The alcoholic extract of roots showed a moderate but non-significant antidiabetic activity in experimental animals. CONCLUSION The study reveals that the alcoholic leaf extract of B. prionitis could be added in the list of herbal preparations beneficial in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Dheer
- L.B.S. College of Pharmacy, Tilak Nagar, Jaipur, India
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36
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Verbascoside isolated from Lepechinia speciosa has inhibitory Activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbascoside has been isolated form L. speciosa after several different chromatographic methods. After its purification, the structure has been unequivocally established using modern spectroscopic techniques. As for the antiviral activity, the maximum non toxic concentration has been established and this concentration has been used in the anti herpes assay, in vitro. Mechanism of action for this molecule regarding the anti-herpes activity has been studied encompassing the following assays: virucidal activity, cellular receptor assay, penetration assay and intracellular assay, in order to understand the activity for this natural product.
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Harraz FM, El-Halawany AM, El Gayed SH, Abdel-Sattar E. Iridoid glycosides from Barleria trispinosa. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:903-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802278350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla M.H. Harraz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine , King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. El-Halawany
- b Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Toyama, Japan
| | - Sabah H. El Gayed
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine , King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine , King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Li F, Awale S, Zhang H, Tezuka Y, Esumi H, Kadota S. Chemical constituents of propolis from Myanmar and their preferential cytotoxicity against a human pancreatic cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1283-7. [PMID: 19572611 DOI: 10.1021/np9002433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A methanolic extract of propolis obtained in Myanmar was found to inhibit PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells preferentially under nutrient-deprived conditions (NDM), with a PC(50) value of 9.3 microg/mL. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of two new cycloartane-type triterpenes, (22Z,24E)-3-oxocycloart-22,24-dien-26-oic acid (1) and (24E)-3-oxo-27,28-dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oic acid (2), together with 13 cycloartanes (3-13) and four known prenylated flavanones (14-17). Among these, compound 1 exhibited the most potent preferential cytotoxicity (PC(50) 4.3 microM) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 1 induced apoptosis-like morphological changes of PANC-1 cells within 24 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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English BJ, Williams RM. Synthesis of (+/-)-Oleocanthal via a Tandem Intramolecular Michael Cyclization-HWE Olefination. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:2713. [PMID: 20161637 PMCID: PMC2817976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of racemic oleocanthal has been accomplished in eleven steps from 1,3 propanediol by a key tandem intramolecular Michael cyclization-Horner Wadsworth Emmons olefination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. English
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Tripoli E, Giammanco M, Tabacchi G, Di Majo D, Giammanco S, La Guardia M. The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 18:98-112. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, cereals, fruit, fish, milk, wine and olive oil and has salutary biological functions. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain kinds of cancer in the Mediterranean area. Olive oil is the main source of fat, and the Mediterranean diet's healthy effects can in particular be attributed not only to the high relationship between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in olive oil but also to the antioxidant property of its phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste, have powerful antioxidant activity bothin vivoandin vitro. The present review focuses on recent works analysing the relationship between the structure of olive oil polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. These compounds' possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant activity, which is related to the development of atherosclerosis and cancer, and to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
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41
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Harigaya Y. Naturally occurring secoiridoids and bioactivity of naturally occurring iridoids and secoiridoids. A review, part 2. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:689-728. [PMID: 17473457 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring new secoiridoids published during 1994-2005 are reviewed with available physical and spectral data: mp, [alpha](D), UV, IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR and plant source. The works on biological and pharmacological activity of naturally occurring iridoids and secoiridoids reported during 1998-2005 are also reviewed. Bioactivities like antiallergic, antiarthritis, antibacterial, anticancer, anticoagulant, anticomplement, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antioxidative, antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, antiviral, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, nerve growth factor potentiating and wound healing activities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala, India.
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42
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Abstract
A compilation of new naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, iridoid aglycones, iridoid derivatives and bis-iridoids reported during 1994-2005 is provided with available physical and spectral data: mp, [alpha]D, UV, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as natural source with family and references. 418 compounds with 202 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, agartala, India.
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43
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Ata A, Van Den Bosch SA, Harwanik DJ, Pidwinski GE. Glutathione S-transferase- and acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting natural products from medicinally important plants. PURE APPL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200779122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring enzyme inhibitors play an important role in a drug discovery program. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a significant role in the detoxification and metabolism of many xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds. GSTs are considered to be responsible for decreasing the effectiveness of anticancer/antiparasitic agents used for the treatment of cancer and parasitic diseases. The effectiveness of these biomedical agents may be improved by using GST inhibitors as an adjuvant during chemotherapy. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have potential applications in curing cardiac problems and Alzheimer's disease. This article describes the identification of natural products exhibiting GST and AChE inhibitory activities, from medicinally important plants. Results obtained from the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of some of these newly discovered enzyme inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Ata
- 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Drew J. Harwanik
- 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Grant E. Pidwinski
- 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
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44
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Akhtar MS, Ali M, Madhurima, Mir SR. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil ofLantana indicaRoxb. Leaves. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Pharmacological Activities of Phenylpropanoids Glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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46
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Hu JF, Garo E, Yoo HD, Cremin PA, Zeng L, Goering MG, O'Neil-Johnson M, Eldridge GR. Application of capillary-scale NMR for the structure determination of phytochemicals. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2005; 16:127-33. [PMID: 15881121 DOI: 10.1002/pca.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Employing a capillary-scale NMR probe enables the miniaturisation of structure determination and de-replication of purified natural products from plants using only 5-100 microg of material. Approximately 5 microg are required to perform one-dimensional proton and two-dimensional homonuclear (COSY and NOESY) NMR experiments; some 30 microg are needed to acquire HMQC- or HSQC-NMR spectra; ca. 75-100 microg are necessary to measure HMBC-NMR spectra; and around 200 microg of a compound are needed to perform 13C- and DEPT-NMR experiments. In order to illustrate the integration of the outputs from high-throughput natural product chemistry methods with the capabilities of the state-of-the-art CapNMR technology, the preparation of a natural product library from the extract of Penstemon centranthifolius, and the subsequent isolation, purification and structure determination of six known iridoid glycosides with 25-300 microg of material are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Hu
- Lead Discovery and Rapid Structure Elucidation Group, Sequoia Sciences Inc., 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite H, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Several hundred plant and herb species that have potential as novel antiviral agents have been studied, with surprisingly little overlap. A wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulphides, polyphenolics, coumarins, saponins, furyl compounds, alkaloids, polyines, thiophenes, proteins and peptides have been identified. Some volatile essential oils of commonly used culinary herbs, spices and herbal teas have also exhibited a high level of antiviral activity. However, given the few classes of compounds investigated, most of the pharmacopoeia of compounds in medicinal plants with antiviral activity is still not known. Several of these phytochemicals have complementary and overlapping mechanisms of action, including antiviral effects by either inhibiting the formation of viral DNA or RNA or inhibiting the activity of viral reproduction. Assay methods to determine antiviral activity include multiple-arm trials, randomized crossover studies, and more compromised designs such as nonrandomized crossovers and pre- and post-treatment analyses. Methods are needed to link antiviral efficacy/potency- and laboratory-based research. Nevertheless, the relative success achieved recently using medicinal plant/herb extracts of various species that are capable of acting therapeutically in various viral infections has raised optimism about the future of phyto-antiviral agents. As this review illustrates, there are innumerable potentially useful medicinal plants and herbs waiting to be evaluated and exploited for therapeutic applications against genetically and functionally diverse viruses families such as Retroviridae, Hepadnaviridae and Herpesviridae
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Jassim
- Department of Microbiology, Zayed Complex for Herbal Research and Traditional Medicine, General Authority for Health Services of Emirate of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Jiang RW, Ma SC, He ZD, Huang XS, But PPH, Wang H, Chan SP, Ooi VEC, Xu HX, Mak TCW. Molecular structures and antiviral activities of naturally occurring and modified cassane furanoditerpenoids and friedelane triterpenoids from Caesalpinia minax. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2161-70. [PMID: 11983512 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Further investigation of the active components of the chloroform fraction of the seeds of Caesalpinia minax led to the isolation of a new cassane furanoditerpenoid, caesalmin H (1), together with two known furanoditerpenoid lactones, caesalmin B (2) and bonducellpin D (3). Reduction of the naturally abundant caesalmin D (9), E (10) and F (11) resulted in three new furanoditerpenoid derivatives 4-6. Phytochemical study of the stem of the same plant and subsequent reduction afforded two friedelane triterpenoids (7-8), which were identified by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-2 and 4-8 were corroborated by single crystal X-ray analysis. The factors governing the reduction of cassane furanoditerpenoids and friedelane triterpenoids were investigated by correlating the crystallographic results with density functional theory. The inhibitory activities of 2-8 on the Para3 virus were evaluated by cytopathogenic effects (CPE) reduction assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Wang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR, China
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Nikitenko AA, Raifeld YE, Wang TZ. The discovery of RFI-641 as a potent and selective inhibitor of the respiratory syncytial virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1041-4. [PMID: 11327584 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new potent and selective inhibitor of the respiratory syncytial virus are described. This compound, RFI-641, emerged from analysis of the structure-activity relationship in a series of biphenyl triazine anionic compounds possessing specific anti-RSV activity. The key synthetic step involves coupling of diaminobiphenyl 11 with two equivalents of chlorotriazine 10 under microwave conditions. RFI-641 inhibited RSV in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Nikitenko
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, is a ubiquitous respiratory pathogen, infecting or reinfecting much of the population every year and causing severe, sometimes fatal disease in high-risk populations of infants and adults, particularly in developing countries. Spurred by the medical and economic burdens of RSV disease and enticed by the economic potential of therapeutic drugs, particularly in the absence to date of a safe and effective RSV vaccine, scientists in many industrial, academic and government laboratories have developed a wide variety of candidate RSV antiviral agents. Most of these have been screened thus far only in cell culture, a few in animal models. Aside from ribavirin, however, none has proven effective in therapeutic clinical trials and even ribavirin usage has declined precipitously in recent years due to concerns over efficacy, safety, ease of use and cost. All of the antiviral compounds discussed in this review were evaluated primarily for their ability to reduce viral load, with little or no attention paid to the role of host inflammation in the pathogenesis of RSV disease. Recent research has highlighted the prominent role of inflammatory mediators and an increasing number of reports suggest that a therapeutic strategy that combines antiviral and anti-inflammatory components will be the most effective way of treating RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Prince
- Virion Systems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, Maryland 20850-3347, USA.
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