1
|
Chourasiya SS, Kathuria D, Kumar V, Ranbhan KJ. Mutagenic Azido Impurities in Drug Substances: A Perspective. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024:10.1007/s43441-024-00675-w. [PMID: 38954240 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of drug products and substances containing impurities is a significant concern in the pharmaceutical industry because it may impact the quality and safety of medicinal products. Special attention is required when mutagenic impurities are present in pharmaceuticals, as they may pose a risk of carcinogenicity to humans. Therefore, controlling potential mutagenic impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients to an acceptable safety limit is mandatory to ensure patient safety. As per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) M7 (R2)3 Guideline, mutagenic impurities are those compounds or materials that induce point mutations. In 2018, the sartan class of drugs was recalled due to the presence of N-nitrosamine impurities, which are potential mutagens. In addition to the primary impurities being detected, this class of products, especially losartan, irbesartan and valsartan, have been identified as having organic azido contaminants, which are again highly reactive toward DNA, leading to an increased risk of cancer. These azido impurities form during the preparation of the tetrazole moiety via the reaction of a nitrile intermediate with sodium azide. Given that this is a newly raised issue in the pharmaceutical world, it should be noteworthy to review the related literature. Thus, this review article critically accounts for (i) the toxicity of azido impurities and the proposed mechanism of mutagenicity, (ii) the regulatory perspective, and (iii) the sources and control strategies used during the preparation of drug substances and (iv) future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Chourasiya
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India.
| | - Deepika Kathuria
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India
| | - Kamlesh J Ranbhan
- Department of Process Research and Development, IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Ltd., Barnala, Punjab, 148101, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang T, Coin G, Bordi S, Nichols PL, Bode JW, Wanner BM. Automated Synthesis for the Safe Production of Organic Azides from Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38780471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is the development of an automated and reproducible process for the conversion of primary amines to organic azides utilizing prepacked capsules containing all the required reagents, including imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide tetrafluoroborate. Apart from manually loading the primary amine into the reaction vessel, the entire reaction and product isolation process can be achieved automatically, with no further user involvement, and delivers the desired organic azide in high purity. This practical and simple automated capsule-based method offers a convenient and safe way of generating organic azides without handling or exposure of potentially explosive reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Jiang
- Synple Chem AG, Kemptpark 18, 8310Kemptthal ,Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Coin
- Synple Chem AG, Kemptpark 18, 8310Kemptthal ,Switzerland
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Bordi
- Synple Chem AG, Kemptpark 18, 8310Kemptthal ,Switzerland
| | - Paula L Nichols
- Synple Chem AG, Kemptpark 18, 8310Kemptthal ,Switzerland
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavić K, Poje G, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Tandarić T, Marinović M, Fontinha D, Held J, Prudêncio M, Piantanida I, Vianello R, Krošl Knežević I, Perković I, Rajić Z. Discovery of harmiprims, harmine-primaquine hybrids, as potent and selective anticancer and antimalarial compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117734. [PMID: 38677112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Although cancer and malaria are not etiologically nor pathophysiologically connected, due to their similarities successful repurposing of antimalarial drugs for cancer and vice-versa is known and used in clinical settings and drug research and discovery. With the growing resistance of cancer cells and Plasmodium to the known drugs, there is an urgent need to discover new chemotypes and enrich anticancer and antimalarial drug portfolios. In this paper, we present the design and synthesis of harmiprims, hybrids composed of harmine, an alkaloid of the β-carboline type bearing anticancer and antiplasmodial activities, and primaquine, 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity, covalently bound via triazole or urea. Evaluation of their antiproliferative activities in vitro revealed that N-9 substituted triazole-type harmiprime was the most selective compound against MCF-7, whereas C1-substituted ureido-type hybrid was the most active compound against all cell lines tested. On the other hand, dimeric harmiprime was not toxic at all. Although spectrophotometric studies and thermal denaturation experiments indicated binding of harmiprims to the ds-DNA groove, cell localization showed that harmiprims do not enter cell nucleus nor mitochondria, thus no inhibition of DNA-related processes can be expected. Cell cycle analysis revealed that C1-substituted ureido-type hybrid induced a G1 arrest and reduced the number of cells in the S phase after 24 h, persisting at 48 h, albeit with a less significant increase in G1, possibly due to adaptive cellular responses. In contrast, N-9 substituted triazole-type harmiprime exhibited less pronounced effects on the cell cycle, particularly after 48 h, which is consistent with its moderate activity against the MCF-7 cell line. On the other hand, screening of their antiplasmodial activities against the erythrocytic, hepatic, and gametocytic stages of the Plasmodium life cycle showed that dimeric harmiprime exerts powerful triple-stage antiplasmodial activity, while computational analysis showed its binding within the ATP binding site of PfHsp90.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Poje
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Tana Tandarić
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Marinović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kasdekar N, Spieker MR, Crich D. Practical Synthesis from Streptomycin and Regioselective Partial Deprotections of (-)-(1 R,2 S,3 R,4 R,5 S,6 S)-1,3-Di(deamino)-1,3-diazido-2,5,6-tri- O-benzylstreptamine. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4225-4231. [PMID: 38427951 PMCID: PMC10949228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We describe the gram-scale synthesis of (-)-(1R,2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-1,3-di(diamino)-1,3-diazido-2,5,6-tri-O-benzylstreptamine from streptomycin by (i) hydrolysis of the two streptomycin guanidine residues, (ii) reprotection of the amines as azides, (iii) protection of all alcohols as benzyl ethers, and (iv) glycosidic bond cleavage with HCl in methanol. Protocols for regioselective monodebenzylation and regioselective reduction of a single azide in the product are also described, providing four optically pure building blocks for exploitation in novel aminoglycoside synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niteshlal Kasdekar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael R. Spieker
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, 120 East Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guan D, Liu J, Chen F, Li J, Wang X, Lu W, Suo Y, Tang F, Lan L, Lu X, Huang W. A Vancomycin-Templated DNA-Encoded Library for Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3778-3794. [PMID: 38482826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
It is an urgent need to tackle the global crisis of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. We report here an innovative strategy for large-scale screening of new antibacterial agents using a whole bacteria-based DNA-encoded library (DEL) of vancomycin derivatives via peripheral modifications. A bacterial binding affinity assay was established to select the modification fragments in high-affinity compounds. The optimal resynthesized derivatives demonstrated excellently enhanced activity against various resistant bacterial strains and provided useful structures for vancomycin derivatization. This work presents the new concept in a natural product-templated DEL and in antibiotic discovery through bacterial affinity screening, which promotes the fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanrui Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lefu Lan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hooson JF, Tran HN, Bian KJ, West JG. Simple, catalytic C(sp 3)-H azidation using the C-H donor as the limiting reagent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38477139 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
C-N bonds play a critical role in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sciences, necessitating ever-better methods to forge this linkage. Here we report a simple procedure for direct C(sp3)-H azidation using iron or manganese catalysis and a nucleophilic azide source. All reagents are commercially available, the experimental procedure is simple, and we can use the C-H donor substrate as the limiting reagent, a challenge for many C-H azidation methods. Preliminary experiments are consistent with a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)/radical ligand transfer (RLT) radical cascade mechanism and a wide variety of substrates can be azidated in moderate to high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Hooson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hai N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamaguchi A, Obiya N, Arichi N, Oishi S, Ohno H, Inuki S. Synthesis of labionin and avionin precursors via a nitrogen-centred-radical-triggered 1,5-HAT reaction of Tris derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2049-2055. [PMID: 38362729 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Labionin and avionin are non-proteinogenic amino acids containing 2,4-diamino-2-(mercaptomethyl)pentanedioic acid that forms the core structures of spirocyclic peptides including labyrinthopeptin A2 and microvionin, respectively. We have developed a diastereoselective synthetic route to labionin and avionin precursors. This route highlights the formation of the quaternary carbon stereocenter of an α,α-disubstituted amino acid via a regioselective 1,5-HAT reaction of a Tris derivative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayuta Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Obiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan X, He C, Li Z, Jin K. Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of cadasides analogues via on-resin esterification. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117601. [PMID: 38278098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A series of cadasides analogues have been prepared via a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and solution-phase cyclization. Primary structure-activity relationship studies of cadasides have also been established and revealed the critical roles of unnatural amino acid residues, which will facilitate the further development of cadasides analogues with improved antimicrobial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chengshuo He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radwan M, Jana M, Cairo CW. Facile synthesis of C5-azido derivatives of thiosialosides and 2,3-dehydro-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA). Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109013. [PMID: 38185031 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, also known as sialic acid) is an important monosaccharide found in glycoproteins and glycolipids which plays a vital role in regulation of physiological functions and pathological conditions. The study of sialoglycans has benefitted from the development of glycomimetic probes and inhibitors for proteins and enzymes that interact with and modify neuraminic acid in glycan chains. Methods to access sialoside intermediates with high yield are needed to facilitate the design of new targets. Here, we report the synthesis of C5-azido thiosialosides using a mild method to deprotect the C5-acetamido functional group followed by the use of a diazo-transfer reagent. We examined two diazo-transfer strategies and compared their yields and tolerance of acetate protecting groups. The same methods and comparisons were also performed for the 2,3-dehydro-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA) scaffold which is commonly used to generate inhibitors of neuraminidase (sialidase) enzymes. We found that C5-azido derivatives of both thiosialosides and DANA could be produced in five or six steps with yields up to 76 % and 83 %, respectively. Diazo-transfer reagents compared in this study were trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide (TfN3) and imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide (ImzSO2N3). We found that both reagents were compatible with this method and showed comparable yields. Finally, we show that C5-azido derivatives can help to avoid O, N-acyl protecting group migration which was observed in C5-NHAc analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Manas Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chand Daskhan G, Ton Tran HT, Cairo CW. Convergent synthesis of a hexadecavalent heterobifunctional ABO blood group glycoconjugate. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108988. [PMID: 38048747 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring glycans are often found in a multivalent presentation. Cell surface receptors that recognize these displays may form clusters, which can lead to signalling or endocytosis. One of the challenges in generating synthetic displays of multivalent carbohydrates is providing high valency as well as access to heterofunctional conjugates to allow attachment of multiple antigens or payloads. We designed a strategy based on a set of bifunctional linkers to generate a heterobifunctional multivalent display of two carbohydrate antigens to bind BCR and CD22 with four and twelve antigen copies, respectively. We confirmed that the conjugates were able to engage both CD22 and BCR on cells by observing receptor clustering. The strategy is modular and would allow for alternative carbohydrate antigens to be attached bearing amine and alkyne groups and should be of interest for the development of immunomodulators and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gour Chand Daskhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferková S, Froehlich U, Nepveu-Traversy MÉ, Murza A, Azad T, Grandbois M, Sarret P, Lavigne P, Boudreault PL. Comparative Analysis of Cyclization Techniques in Stapled Peptides: Structural Insights into Protein-Protein Interactions in a SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD/hACE2 Model System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:166. [PMID: 38203338 PMCID: PMC10778704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry is constantly searching for new approaches to develop more effective and targeted therapeutic molecules. The design of peptidomimetics is a promising emerging strategy that is aimed at developing peptides that mimic or modulate the biological activity of proteins. Among these, stapled peptides stand out for their unique ability to stabilize highly frequent helical motifs, but they have failed to be systematically reported. Here, we exploit chemically diverse helix-inducing i, i + 4 constraints-lactam, hydrocarbon, triazole, double triazole and thioether-on two distinct short sequences derived from the N-terminal peptidase domain of hACE2 upon structural characterization and in silico alanine scan. Our overall objective was to provide a sequence-independent comparison of α-helix-inducing staples using circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We identified a 9-mer lactam stapled peptide derived from the hACE2 sequence (His34-Gln42) capable of reaching its maximal helicity of 55% with antiviral activity in bioreporter- and pseudovirus-based inhibition assays. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation comparing several cyclization methods with the goal of generating stapled peptides and correlating their secondary structures with PPI inhibitions using a highly topical model system (i.e., the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD with hACE2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (S.F.); (M.-É.N.-T.); (A.M.); (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Punjajom K, Sinclair PP, Saha I, Seierstad M, Ameriks MK, García-Reynaga P, Lebold TP, Sarpong R. Convergent synthesis of thiodiazole dioxides from simple ketones and amines through an unusual nitrogen-migration mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 15:328-335. [PMID: 38131085 PMCID: PMC10731909 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the modular preparation of dihydro-1,2,5-thiodiazole dioxide heterocycles starting from methyl ketones and primary amines. This one-pot, three-component coupling employs 2,3-dimethylimidazole-1-sulfonyl azide triflate as a coupling reagent and oxidant. The transformation is scalable and various ketones and amines can be used, yielding thiodiazole dioxide products in up to 89% yield. In addition, 15N- and 13C-labeling studies suggest a mechanism involving a 1,2-nitrogen migration. Together with the mechanistic studies, DFT calculations provide insight into the reaction pathway and set the stage for further exploration of the mechanistic nuances of reactions that use sulfamoyl azides. In combination with the demonstrated modularity of the approach reported herein, the derivatization of the thiodiazole dioxide products highlights the potential of this methodology to rapidly access diverse chemical structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul P Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Ishika Saha
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - Mark Seierstad
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | | | | | - Terry P Lebold
- Janssen Research and Development San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kitamura M, Ohtsuka K, Eto T, Tsuzaki M, Wada M, Shimooka H, Okauchi T. Diazo-Transfer Reaction of Nonactivated Ketones with 2-Azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate (IPrAP). J Org Chem 2023; 88:15494-15500. [PMID: 37874046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The diazo-transfer reaction of nonactivated ketone under mild reaction conditions was developed. Various nonactivated ketones such as aryl methyl ketones, sec-alkyl methyl ketones, and cyclic ketones were transformed into their corresponding α-diazoketones in one step by treating 2-azido-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IPrAP) in the presence of iPr2NH in ethylene glycol. In the reaction of IPrAP with prim-alkyl methyl ketone and prim-alkyl aryl ketones, migratory amidation proceeded under the reaction conditions to afford the corresponding amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohtsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Eto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Mayuko Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shimooka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Y, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Trifunctional Dibromomaleimide Reagents Built Around A Lysine Scaffold Deliver Site-selective Dual-modality Antibody Conjugation. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300356. [PMID: 37548625 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and application of a selection of trifunctional reagents for the dual-modality modification of native, solvent accessible disulfide bonds in trastuzumab. The reagents were developed from the dibromomaleimide (DBM) platform with two orthogonal clickable functional groups built around a lysine core. We also describe the development of an aryl diselenide additive which enables antibody disulfide reduction in 4 minutes and a rapid overall reduction-bridging-double click sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pedersen K, Christensen LG, Jensen HH. Formation of β-Configured Thioglycosides of d-Glucosamine and d-Galactosamine and Synthesis of Protected Human Milk Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12531-12541. [PMID: 37560896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the stereoselective multigram scale preparation of cyclohexyl- and phenyl thioglycosides of 2-azido-2-deoxy-β-d-gluco- and galactopyranosides from d-N-acetylglucosamine using a catalytic and solvent-free method. Two of the prepared building blocks were used as key intermediates for the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides LNT and LNnT in their protected form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Louise G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The impact of click chemistry was recently recognized with the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The breadth of areas where click chemistry has accelerated discovery is prodigal. In one of the most written about subjects in chemistry over recent years, this short perspective zones in on a small fragment of what we, the authors, consider are some of the most critical developments in synthetic chemistry, which have expanded access to the click chemistry toolbox. In addition, we touch upon areas within medicinal chemistry and novel approaches to drug discovery enabled by click chemistry, where we believe there is untapped potential for biological function to be found and exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Moorhouse
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - Joshua A Homer
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - John E Moses
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wong CHA, Hubert JG, Sparrow KJ, Harris LD, Tyler PC, Brimble MA. Expedient synthesis of imino-C-nucleoside fleximers featuring a one-pot procedure to prepare aryl triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6134-6140. [PMID: 37462413 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues such as the antiviral agents galidesivir and ribavirin are of synthetic interest. This work reports a "one-pot" preparation of similar fleximers using a bifunctional copper catalyst that generates the aryl azide in situ, which is captured by a terminal alkyne to effect triazole formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Andy Wong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan G Hubert
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Kevin J Sparrow
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence D Harris
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Peter C Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Rd, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arbour CA, Fay EM, McGouran JF, Imperiali B. Deploying solid-phase synthesis to access thymine-containing nucleoside analogs that inhibit DNA repair nuclease SNM1A. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:5873-5879. [PMID: 37417819 PMCID: PMC10529636 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00836c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs show useful bioactive properties. A versatile solid-phase synthesis that readily enables the diversification of thymine-containing nucleoside analogs is presented. The utility of the approach is demonstrated with the preparation of a library of compounds for analysis with SNM1A, a DNA damage repair enzyme that contributes to cytotoxicity. This exploration provided the most promising nucleoside-derived inhibitor of SNM1A to date with an IC50 of 12.3 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ellen M Fay
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakatani Y, Kimura R, Kimata T, Kotoku N. Oxidative Cyclization at ortho-Position of Phenol: Improved Total Synthesis of 3-(Phenethylamino)demethyl(oxy)aaptamine. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:311. [PMID: 37233505 PMCID: PMC10221624 DOI: 10.3390/md21050311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A shorter synthesis of the demethyl(oxy)aaptamine skeleton was developed via oxidative intramolecular cyclization of 1-(2-azidoethyl)-6-methoxyisoquinolin-7-ol followed by dehydrogenation with a hypervalent iodine reagent. This is the first example of oxidative cyclization at the ortho-position of phenol that does not involve spiro-cyclization, resulting in the improved total synthesis of 3-(phenethylamino)demethyl(oxy)aaptamine, a potent anti-dormant mycobacterial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (Y.N.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ban Ž, Barišić A, Crnolatac I, Kazazić S, Škulj S, Savini F, Bertoša B, Barišić I, Piantanida I. Highly selective preparation of N-terminus Horseradish peroxidase-DNA conjugate with fully retained enzymatic activity: HRP-DNA structure - activity relation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110257. [PMID: 37209508 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Within the last decade, the field of bio-nanoengineering has achieved significant advances allowing us to generate, e.g., nanoscaled molecular machineries with arbitrary shapes. To unleash the full potential of novel methods such as DNA origami technology, it is important to functionalise complex molecules and nanostructures precisely. Thus, considerable attention has been given to site-selective modifications of proteins allowing further incorporation of various functionalities. Here, we describe a method for the covalent attachment of oligonucleotides to the glycosylated horseradish peroxidase protein (HRP) with high N-terminus selectivity and significant yield while conserving the enzymatic activity. This two-step process includes a pH-controlled metal-free diazotransfer reaction using imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrogen sulfate, which at pH 8.5 results in an N-terminal azide-functionalized protein, followed by the Cu-free click SPAAC reaction to dibenzocyclooctyne- (DBCO) modified oligonucleotides. The reaction conditions were optimised to achieve maximum yield and the best performance. The resulting protein-oligonucleotide conjugates (HRP-DNA) were characterised by electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). Native-PAGE experiments demonstrated different migration patterns for HRP-DNA and the azido-modified protein allowing zymogram experiments. Structure-activity relationships of novel HRP-DNA conjugates were assessed using molecular dynamics simulations, characterising the molecular interactions that define the structural and dynamical properties of the obtained protein-oligonucleotide conjugates (POC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antun Barišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Saša Kazazić
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Škulj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Branimir Bertoša
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Barišić
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology,Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernandez C, Giorgees I, Goss E, Desaulniers JP. Effective carrier-free gene-silencing activity of sphingosine-modified siRNAs. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2107-2117. [PMID: 36645381 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02099h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular process that silences the expression of target genes in a sequence-specific way by mediating targeted mRNA degradation. One of the main challenges in RNAi research is developing an effective career-free delivery system and targeting cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, lipid-conjugated systems involving fatty acids have shown promising potential as safe and effective delivery systems of oligonucleotides to CNS cells due to their hydrophobic tails and interactions with the cell's hydrophobic membrane. Therefore, in this study, we are interested in creating career-free siRNA therapeutics for potential applications in drug delivery to the CNS. Here we explore different synthetic pathways of conjugating sphingolipids containing long-carbon chains to siRNA and assess their effectiveness as career-free delivery systems. In this project, a library of sphingosine-modified siRNAs was created, and their gene-silencing effect was evaluated in both the presence and absence of a transfection carrier. siRNAs modified with one or two sphingosine moieties resulted in dose-dependent gene knockdown while demonstrating promising results for their use as carrier-free agents. The IC50 values of single-modified siRNAs ranged from 49.9 nM to 670.7 nM, whereas double-modified siRNAs had IC50 values in the range of 49.9 nM to 66.4 nM. In conclusion, sphingosine-modified siRNAs show promising results in advancing carrier-free siRNA therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Fernandez
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada.
| | - Ifrodet Giorgees
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada.
| | - Eva Goss
- Synthose Inc., 50 Viceroy Road Unit 7, Concord, Ontario, L4K 3A7 Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Desaulniers
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kugler M, Hadzima M, Dzijak R, Rampmaier R, Srb P, Vrzal L, Voburka Z, Majer P, Řezáčová P, Vrabel M. Identification of specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitors via in situ click chemistry, phage-display and synthetic peptide libraries: comparison of the methods and structural study. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:144-153. [PMID: 36760748 PMCID: PMC9890587 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of highly active and selective enzyme inhibitors is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Typically, various high-throughput screening methods are used to find lead compounds from a large pool of synthetic compounds, and these are further elaborated and structurally refined to achieve the desired properties. In an effort to streamline this complex and laborious process, new selection strategies based on different principles have recently emerged as an alternative. Herein, we compare three such selection strategies with the aim of identifying potent and selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II. All three approaches, in situ click chemistry, phage-display libraries and synthetic peptide libraries, led to the identification of more potent inhibitors when compared to the parent compounds. In addition, one of the inhibitor-peptide conjugates identified from the phage libraries showed greater than 100-fold selectivity for the enzyme isoform used for the compound selection. In an effort to rationalize the binding properties of the conjugates, we performed detailed crystallographic and NMR structural analysis, which revealed the structural basis of the compound affinity towards the enzyme and led to the identification of a novel exosite that could be utilized in the development of isoform specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Albertov 6 12800 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rampmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vrzal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám. 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pirrone MG, Ande C, Haldimann K, Hobbie SN, Vasella A, Böttger EC, Crich D. Importance of Co-operative Hydrogen Bonding in the Apramycin-Ribosomal Decoding A-Site Interaction. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200486. [PMID: 36198651 PMCID: PMC10092258 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An intramolecular hydrogen bond between the protonated equatorial 7'-methylamino group of apramycin and the vicinal axial 6'-hydroxy group acidifies the 6'-hydroxy group leading to a strong hydrogen bond to A1408 in the ribosomal drug binding pocket in the decoding A site of the small ribosomal subunit. In 6'-epiapramycin, the trans-nature of the 6'-hydroxy group and the 7'-methylamino group results in a much weaker intramolecular hydrogen bond, and a consequently weaker cooperative hydrogen bonding network with A1408, resulting overall in reduced inhibition of protein synthesis and antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Pirrone
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chennaiah Ande
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Klara Haldimann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sven N Hobbie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vasella
- Organic Chemistry Institute, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jana S, Crich D. Synthesis of Gentamicin Minor Components: Gentamicin C1a and Gentamicin C2b. Org Lett 2022; 24:8564-8567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui Q, Song P, Ma T, Wang Z, Lu X, Shi Y, Zhang F, Lin G, Dong J, Zhang J. Discovery of a Novel Potent Antitumor Molecule, P19G1, by Erlotinib Derivative Libraries Synthesized by Modular Click-Chemistry. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221109649. [PMID: 36303409 PMCID: PMC9619925 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:Traditional chemical synthesis methods are cumbersome and inefficient. In this study, a novel antitumor molecule, 4-(4-(3-((6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl sulfurofluoridate (P19G1), was identified by screening a library of Erlotinib derivatives synthesized by modular click chemistry, and the antitumor activity and underlying mechanism of P19G1 were further revealed. Methods: A series of Erlotinib derivatives (840 compounds) were synthesized using a modular click-chemistry method, and then the thiazolyl blue (MTT) method was used to screen and evaluate the inhibitory effect of these compounds on the growth and metastasis of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Among them, the compound P19G1 showed the best inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the antitumor activity and mechanism of P19G1 were investigated with in vitro cell biology and in vivo assays in an animal model. Results: In vitro pharmacological studies showed that P19G1 had inhibitory effects on a variety of tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 1 to 5 μM. Moreover, P19G1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and human colorectal cancer cell line RKO and promoted cell apoptosis. In vivo tumor-bearing mouse model experiments revealed that 50 mg/kg P19G1 effectively inhibited the growth and metastasis of A549 tumors without obvious toxicity to the host. Conclusions: The rapid structural modification of lead compounds using novel modular click-chemistry reactions holds great potential for use in obtaining diverse derivatives for tumor drug screening and development. P19G1 was discovered because of the application of click chemistry in this study, and it is an antitumor candidate molecule worthy of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfei Cui
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Song
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key
Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases By TCM,
Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese
Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tiancheng Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjia Shi
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Shanghai, China,Jiajia Dong, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiange Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science
Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Innovation Research
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Shanghai, China,Jiange Zhang, The Research Center of Chiral
Drugs & Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,
China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Goyard D, Ortiz AMS, Boturyn D, Renaudet O. Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: conjugation methods and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8756-8783. [PMID: 36193815 PMCID: PMC9575389 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry was extensively used to decorate synthetic multivalent scaffolds with glycans to mimic the cell surface glycocalyx and to develop applications in glycosciences. Conjugation methods such as oxime ligation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, thiol-ene coupling, squaramide coupling or Lansbury aspartylation proved particularly suitable to achieve this purpose. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies that can be used either in a stepwise manner or in an orthogonal one-pot approach, to conjugate multiple copies of identical or different glycans to cyclopeptide scaffolds (namely multivalent glycocyclopeptides) having different size, valency, geometry and molecular composition. The second part of this review will describe the potential of these structures to interact with various carbohydrate binding proteins or to stimulate immunity against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crystal Chan SH, Griffin JM, Clemett CA, Brimble MA, O’Carroll SJ, Harris PWR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Termini-Modified and Cyclic Variants of the Connexin43 Inhibitor Peptide5. Front Chem 2022; 10:877618. [PMID: 36176893 PMCID: PMC9513234 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.877618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide5 is a 12–amino acid mimetic peptide that corresponds to a region of the extracellular loop 2 (EL2) of connexin43. Peptide5 regulates both cellular communication with the cytoplasm (hemichannels) and cell-to-cell communication (gap junctions), and both processes are implicated in neurological pathologies. To address the poor in vivo stability of native peptide5 and to improve its activity, twenty-five novel peptide5 mimetics were designed and synthesized. All the analogues underwent biological evaluation as a hemichannel blocker and as a gap junction disruptor, and several were assessed for stability in human serum. From this study, it was established that several acylations on the N-terminus were tolerated in the hemichannel assay. However, the replacement of the L-Lys with an N-methylated L-Lys to give H-VDCFLSRPTE-N-MeKT-OH showed good hemichannel and gap junction activity and was more stable in human serum. The cyclic peptide variants generally were not tolerated in either the hemichannel and gap junction assay although several possessed outstanding stability in human serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarred M. Griffin
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Connor A. Clemett
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Simon J. O’Carroll, ; Paul W. R. Harris,
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Simon J. O’Carroll, ; Paul W. R. Harris,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Poje G, Marinović M, Pavić K, Mioč M, Kralj M, de Carvalho LP, Held J, Perković I, Rajić Z. Harmicens, Novel Harmine and Ferrocene Hybrids: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169315. [PMID: 36012590 PMCID: PMC9408872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and malaria are both global health threats. Due to the increase in the resistance to the known drugs, research on new active substances is a priority. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the biological activity of harmicens, hybrids composed of covalently bound harmine/β-carboline and ferrocene scaffolds. Structural diversity was achieved by varying the type and length of the linker between the β-carboline ring and ferrocene, as well as its position on the β-carboline ring. Triazole-type harmicens were prepared using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, while the synthesis of amide-type harmicens was carried out by applying a standard coupling reaction. The results of in vitro biological assays showed that the harmicens exerted moderate antiplasmodial activity against the erythrocytic stage of P. falciparum (IC50 in submicromolar and low micromolar range) and significant and selective antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines (IC50 in the single-digit micromolar range, SI > 5.9). Cell localization experiments showed different localizations of nonselective harmicene 36 and HCT116-selective compound 28, which clearly entered the nucleus. A cell cycle analysis revealed that selective harmicene 28 had already induced G1 cell cycle arrest after 24 h, followed by G2/M arrest with a concomitant drastic reduction in the percentage of cells in the S phase, whereas the effect of nonselective compound 36 on the cell cycle was much less pronounced, which agreed with their different localizations within the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Poje
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Marinović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Mioč
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boškovic Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boškovic Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Perković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Quintana V, González‐Bakker A, Padrón JI, Martín VS, Padrón JM, Davyt D, Valdomir G. Synthesis of Oxazole–Tetrahydropyran Hybrids and Study on Their Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Tumour Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Quintana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química UdelaR Av. General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Aday González‐Bakker
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Juan I. Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Spain
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología CSIC (IPNA-CSIC) C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Víctor S. Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Danilo Davyt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química UdelaR Av. General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Valdomir
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química UdelaR Av. General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Wan TB, Guo B, Qi XW, Zhu C, Shen MH, Xu HD. Quaternization of azido-N-heteroarenes with Meerwein reagent: a straightforward synthesis of 2-azido(benzo)imidazolium and related azido-N-heteroarenium tetrafluoroborates. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
31
|
Hüppe N, Schunke J, Fichter M, Mailänder V, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Multicomponent encapsulation into fully degradable protein nanocarriers via interfacial azide-alkyne click reaction in miniemulsion allows the co-delivery of immunotherapeutics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:908-915. [PMID: 35708163 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of multiple adjuvants along with antigens into nanocarriers allows a co-delivery to antigen-presenting cells for the synergistic induction of robust immune responses. However, loading cargoes of different molar masses, polarities, and solubilities in high efficiencies remains a challenge. Therefore, we developed a strategy to encapsulate a triple combination of the so-called adjuvants, i.e. with Resiquimod (R848), muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I : C)) into human serum albumin (HSA) nanocarriers. The loading is conducted in situ while the nanocarrier is formed by an orthogonal and metal-free click reaction at the interface of an inverse miniemulsion. By this unique approach, high encapsulation efficiency without harming the cargo during the nanocarrier formation process and regardless of their physical properties is achieved, thus keeping their bioactivity. Furthermore, we demonstrated high control over the encapsulation efficiency and varying the amount of each cargo did not influence the efficiency of multicomponent encapsulation. Azide-modified HSA was crosslinked with hexanediol dipropiolate (HDDP) at the interface of a water-in-oil miniemulsion. Varying the crosslinker amount allowed us to tailor the density and degradation rates of the protein shell. Additional installation of disulfide bonds into the crosslinker created redox-responsive nanocarriers, which degraded both by protease and under reducing conditions with dithiothreitol. The prepared HSA nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by dendritic cells and exhibited an additive cell activation and maturation, exceeding the nanocarriers loaded with only a single drug. This general protocol allows the orthogonal and metal-free encapsulation of various drugs or adjuvants at defined concentrations into the protein nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natkritta Hüppe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jenny Schunke
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fichter
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rao DT, Seetharam P. Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives Using Double Perovskite Bi1.97Eu0.03MoO6 Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022070156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Parashar S, Chauhan C, Rajasekharan A, Rautela J, Jain T, Raza K. An Augmented Method for Collecting PLGA Nanoparticles and the Fabrication of 1, 3, 4, 6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (Ac42AzGlc)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Efficient and Prospective in Vivo Metabolic Processing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:833456. [PMID: 35832404 PMCID: PMC9271679 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.833456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated two ways for fabricating 1, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (Ac42AzGlc)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanoparticles in this article : 1) single emulsion solvent evaporation and 2) the nanoprecipitation method. Among the available methods of collecting nanoparticles using an ultra-high-speed centrifuge, we improvised a less-known method for collecting synthesized nanoparticles without a high-speed centrifuge, based on molecular weight (MW)-dependent centrifugal filters. These nanoparticles were collected in a tabletop centrifuge at a meager centrifugal force in the range of 200–300 xg whereas the conventional high-speed centrifuge method for nanoparticle recovery results in a hard nanoparticle pellet with poor resuspendability which hampers the yield and outcomes of the product. The Ac42AzGlc-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were spherical in shape with consistent and reliable nanometric particle size. The polydispersity indices were well within the acceptable limits. The preliminary studies in RAW 264.7 cell and C57BL/6 mice advocated efficient engineering in the former; however, the latter needs further confirmatory investigations. Preliminary in vivo studies with un-encapsulated Ac42AzGlc showed poor engineering of cardiac glycoproteins, opening up avenues for Ac42AzGlc-loaded nanoparticles for improved bioavailability and efficient metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Parashar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Chauhan
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhiraj Rajasekharan
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Rautela
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Jain
- Laboratory of Chemical Glycobiology, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India
- *Correspondence: Kaisar Raza,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arranz-Gibert P, Vanderschuren K, Haimovich A, Halder A, Gupta K, Rinehart J, Isaacs FJ. Chemoselective restoration of para-azido-phenylalanine at multiple sites in proteins. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1046-1052.e4. [PMID: 34965380 PMCID: PMC10173106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific incorporation of nonstandard amino acids (nsAAs) during translation has expanded the chemistry and function of proteins. The nsAA para-azido-phenylalanine (pAzF) encodes a biorthogonal chemical moiety that facilitates "click" reactions to attach diverse chemical groups for protein functionalization. However, the azide moiety is unstable in physiological conditions and is reduced to para-amino-phenylalanine (pAF). Azide reduction decreases the yield of pAzF residues in proteins to 50%-60% per azide and limits protein functionalization by click reactions. Here, we describe the use of a pH-tunable diazotransfer reaction that converts pAF to pAzF at >95% efficiency in proteins. The method selectively restores pAzF at multiple sites per protein without introducing off-target modifications. This work addresses a key limitation in the production of pAzF-containing proteins by restoring azides for multi-site functionalization with diverse chemical moieties, setting the stage for the production of genetically encoded biomaterials with broad applications in biotherapeutics, materials science, and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Arranz-Gibert
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Koen Vanderschuren
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adrian Haimovich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anushka Halder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kallol Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jesse Rinehart
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Farren J Isaacs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Photoaffinity labeling and bioorthogonal ligation: Two critical tools for designing "Fish Hooks" to scout for target proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 62:116721. [PMID: 35358862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules remain an important category of therapeutic agents. Their binding to different proteins can lead to both desired and undesired biological effects. Identification of the proteins that a drug binds to has become an important step in drug development because it can lead to safer and more effective drugs. Parent bioactive molecules can be converted to appropriate probes that allow for visualization and identification of their target proteins. Typically, these probes are designed and synthesized utilizing some or all of five major tools; a photoactivatable group, a reporter tag, a linker, an affinity tag, and a bioorthogonal handle. This review covers two of the most challenging tools, photoactivation and bioorthogonal ligation. We provide a historical and theoretical background along with synthetic routes to prepare them. In addition, the review provides comparative analyses of the available tools that can assist decision making when designing such probes. A survey of most recent literature reports is included as well to identify recent trends in the field.
Collapse
|
36
|
Structure-Based Bioisosterism Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Benzamide Analogs as Potential Anthelmintics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092659. [PMID: 35566007 PMCID: PMC9102753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A recent screen of 67,012 compounds identified a new family of compounds with excellent nematicidal activity: the ortho-substituted benzamide families Wact-11 and Wact-12. These compounds are active against Caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic nematodes by selectively inhibiting nematode complex II, and they display low toxicity in mammalian cells and vertebrate organisms. Although a big number of benzamides were tested against C. elegans in high-throughput screens, bioisosteres of the amide moiety were not represented in the chemical space examined. We thus identified an opportunity for the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel compounds, using bioisosteric replacements of the amide group present in benzamides. The compound Wact-11 was used as the reference scaffold to prepare a set of bioisosteres to be evaluated against C. elegans. Eight types of amide replacement were selected, including ester, thioamide, selenoamide, sulfonamide, alkyl thio- and oxo-amides, urea and triazole. The results allowed us to perform a structure-activity relationship, highlighting the relevance of the amide group for nematicide activity. Experimental evidence was complemented with in silico structural studies over a C. elegans complex II model as a molecular target of benzamides. Importantly, compound Wact-11 was active against the flatworm Echinococcus granulosus, suggesting a previously unreported pan-anthelmintic potential for benzamides.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kitamura M, Eto T, Konai K, Takahashi S, Shimooka H, Okauchi T. Synthesis of Diazoquinones and Azidophenols via Diazo‐transfer Reaction of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kitamura
- Kyushu Institute of Technology Department of Applied Chemistry 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobataku 804-8550 Kitakyushu JAPAN
| | - Takashi Eto
- Kyushu Kogyo Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | | | - Tatsuo Okauchi
- Kyushu Kogyo Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Siyabalapitiya Arachchige S, Crich D. Syntheses of Legionaminic Acid, Pseudaminic Acid, Acetaminic Acid, 8- epi-Acetaminic Acid, and 8- epi-Legionaminic Acid Glycosyl Donors from N-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Side Chain Exchange. Org Lett 2022; 24:2998-3002. [PMID: 35420827 PMCID: PMC9066425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metaperiodate cleavage of the glycerol side chain from an N-acetyl neuraminic acid-derived thioglycoside and condensation with the two enantiomers of the Ellman sulfinamide afford two diastereomeric N-sulfinylimines from which bacterial sialic acid donors with the legionaminic and acetaminic acid configurations and their 8-epi-isomers are obtained by samarium iodide-mediated coupling with acetaldehyde and subsequent manipulations. A variation on the theme, with inversion of the configuration at C5, similarly provides two differentially protected pseudaminic acid donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Siyabalapitiya Arachchige
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Missioui M, Lgaz H, Guerrab W, Lee HS, Warad I, Mague JT, Ali IH, Essassi EM, Ramli Y. Synthesis of novel hybrid quinoxaline containing triazole and acetamide moieties by azide-alkyne click chemistry: Experimental and theoretical characterization. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Efficient Synthesis of Azido Sugars Using Fluorosulfuryl Azide Diazotransfer Reagent. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
41
|
Hong J, Xie Z, Yang F, Jiang L, Jian T, Wang S, Guo Y, Huang X. Erianin suppresses proliferation and migration of cancer cells in a pyruvate carboxylase-dependent manner. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105136. [PMID: 35093481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Erianin is a natural small molecule dibenzyl compound extracted from Dendrobium officinale or Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Studies show erianin has many pharmacological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, improving diabetic nephropathy, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle and anti-tumor. However, the erianin-mediated molecular mechanism is elusive, and the target protein of erianin is not clear yet. Here, we screened and identified that the target protein of erianin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells is human pyruvate carboxylase, and explored the anti-tumor signal pathway regulated by erianin in several cell lines. Firstly, the interaction between human pyruvate carboxylase and erianin was studied by bioinformatics and biochemical methods. Secondly, in vitro, erianin can specifically inhibit the activity of human pyruvate carboxylase, and the purified human pyruvate carboxylase can specifically bind to the activity probe of erianin. Thirdly, human pyruvate carboxylase is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, and the inhibitory effect of erianin on tumor cells is positively correlated with the expression of human pyruvate carboxylase, and erianin can selectively inhibit the activity of pyruvate carboxylase. Finally, erianin can regulate the pyruvate carboxylase-mediated Wnt/ β- Catenin pathway. All of which provide important data for the further study of the anticancer mechanism of erianin, and lay a solid foundation for the further development and utilization of erianin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Fangyao Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Lixiang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Tiantian Jian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Xinhe Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kwon HJ, Gwak S, Park JY, Cho M, Han H. TfNN 15N: A γ- 15N-Labeled Diazo-Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of β- 15N-Labeled Azides. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:293-298. [PMID: 35036700 PMCID: PMC8757338 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Azides are infrared (IR) probes that are important for structure and dynamics studies of proteins. However, they often display complex IR spectra owing to Fermi resonances and multiple conformers. Isotopic substitution of azides weakens the Fermi resonance, allowing more accurate IR spectral analysis. Site-specifically 15N-labeled aromatic azides, but not aliphatic azides, are synthesized through nitrosation. Both 15N-labeled aromatic and aliphatic azides are synthesized through nucleophilic substitution or diazo-transfer reaction but as an isotopomeric mixture. We present the synthesis of TfNN15N, a γ-15N-labeled diazo-transfer reagent, and its use to prepare β-15N-labeled aliphatic as well as aromatic azides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sungduk Gwak
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center
for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center
for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hogyu Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lu YC, Kao SC, West JG. Decatungstate-photocatalysed C(sp3)-H azidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4869-4872. [PMID: 35348566 PMCID: PMC9020444 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C–H Azidation is an increasingly important tool for bioconjugation, materials chemistry, and the synthesis of nitrogen-containing natural products. While several approaches have been developed, these often require exotic and energetic...
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shih-Chieh Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
O'Mahony RM, Lynch D, O'Callaghan KS, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Generation of Tosyl Azide in Continuous Flow Using an Azide Resin, and Telescoping with Diazo Transfer and Rhodium Acetate-Catalyzed O-H Insertion. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2772-2785. [PMID: 34955628 PMCID: PMC8689650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Generation of tosyl azide 12 in acetonitrile in flow under water-free conditions using an azide resin and its use in diazo transfer to a series of aryl acetates are described. Successful telescoping with a rhodium acetate-catalyzed O-H insertion has been achieved, thereby transforming the aryl acetate 8 to α-hydroxy ester 10, a key intermediate in the synthesis of clopidogrel 11, without requiring isolation or handling of either tosyl azide 12 or α-aryl-α-diazoacetate 9, or indeed having significant amounts of either present at any point. Significantly, the solution of α-diazo ester 9 was sufficiently clean to progress directly to the rhodium acetate-catalyzed step without any detrimental impact on the efficiency of the O-H insertion. In addition, the rhodium acetate-catalyzed O-H insertion process is cleaner in flow than under traditional batch conditions. Use of the azide resin offers clear safety advantages and, in addition, this approach complements earlier protocols for the generation of tosyl azide 12 in flow; this protocol is especially useful with less acidic substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosella M O'Mahony
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Denis Lynch
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Katie S O'Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Stuart G Collins
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Anita R Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wojaczyńska E, Steppeler F, Iwan D, Scherrmann MC, Marra A. Synthesis and Applications of Carbohydrate-Based Organocatalysts. Molecules 2021; 26:7291. [PMID: 34885873 PMCID: PMC8659088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis is a very useful tool for the asymmetric synthesis of biologically or pharmacologically active compounds because it avoids the use of noxious metals, which are difficult to eliminate from the target products. Moreover, in many cases, the organocatalysed reactions can be performed in benign solvents and do not require anhydrous conditions. It is well-known that most of the above-mentioned reactions are promoted by a simple aminoacid, l-proline, or, to a lesser extent, by the more complex cinchona alkaloids. However, during the past three decades, other enantiopure natural compounds, the carbohydrates, have been employed as organocatalysts. In the present exhaustive review, the detailed preparation of all the sugar-based organocatalysts as well as their catalytic properties are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Franz Steppeler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Iwan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marie-Christine Scherrmann
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM-UMR 5247), Université de Montpellier, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pathak P, Zarandi MA, Zhou X, Jayawickramarajah J. Synthesis and Applications of Porphyrin-Biomacromolecule Conjugates. Front Chem 2021; 9:764137. [PMID: 34820357 PMCID: PMC8606752 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.764137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With potential applications in materials and especially in light-responsive biomedicine that targets cancer tissue selectively, much research has focused on developing covalent conjugation techniques to tether porphyrinoid units to various biomacromolecules. This review details the key synthetic approaches that have been employed in the recent decades to conjugate porphyrinoids with oligonucleotides and peptides/proteins. In addition, we provide succinct discussions on the subsequent applications of such hybrid systems and also give a brief overview of the rapidly progressing field of porphyrin-antibody conjugates. Since nucleic acid and peptide systems vary in structure, connectivity, functional group availability and placement, as well as stability and solubility, tailored synthetic approaches are needed for conjugating to each of these biomacromolecule types. In terms of tethering to ONs, porphyrins are typically attached by employing bioorthogonal chemistry (e.g., using phosphoramidites) that drive solid-phase ON synthesis or by conducting post-synthesis modifications and subsequent reactions (such as amide couplings, hydrazide-carbonyl reactions, and click chemistry). In contrast, peptides and proteins are typically conjugated to porphyrinoids using their native functional groups, especially the thiol and amine side chains. However, bioorthogonal reactions (e.g., Staudinger ligations, and copper or strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions) that utilize de novo introduced functional groups onto peptides/proteins have seen vigorous development, especially for site-specific peptide-porphyrin tethering. While the ON-porphyrin conjugates have largely been explored for programmed nanostructure self-assembly and artificial light-harvesting applications, there are some reports of ON-porphyrin systems targeting clinically translational applications (e.g., antimicrobial biomaterials and site-specific nucleic acid cleavage). Conjugates of porphyrins with proteinaceous moieties, on the other hand, have been predominantly used for therapeutic and diagnostic applications (especially in photodynamic therapy, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy, and photothermal therapy). The advancement of the field of porphyrinoid-bioconjugation chemistry from basic academic research to more clinically targeted applications require continuous fine-tuning in terms of synthetic strategies and hence there will continue to be much exciting work on porphyrinoid-biomacromolecule conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Janarthanan Jayawickramarajah
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Matheau-Raven D, Boulter E, Rogova T, Dixon DJ. A Three-Component Ugi-Type Reaction of N-Carbamoyl Imines Enables a Broad Scope Primary α-Amino 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Synthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8209-8213. [PMID: 34633203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A general synthesis of N-protected primary α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, from N-carbamoyl imines, N-isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane (NIITP), and carboxylic acids, is described. Featuring an isocyanide addition reaction with N-carbamoyl imines, this efficient three-component Ugi-type reaction was found to be broad in scope with respect to imine, and carboxylic acid coupling partners. Furthermore, the versatility of this method was demonstrated by α-amino 1,2,4-triazole synthesis, the late-stage functionalization of seven drug molecules, and five divergent derivatizations of a primary α-amino 1,3,4-oxadiazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matheau-Raven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Boulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jimidar CC, Grunenberg J, Karge B, Fuchs HLS, Brönstrup M, Klahn P. Masked Amino Trimethyl Lock (H 2 N-TML) Systems: New Molecular Entities for the Development of Turn-On Fluorophores and Their Application in Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Imaging in Human Cells. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103525. [PMID: 34713944 PMCID: PMC9299139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Masked trimethyl lock (TML) systems as molecular moieties enabling the bioresponsive release of compounds or dyes in a controlled temporal and spatial manner have been widely applied for the development of drug conjugates, prodrugs or molecular imaging tools. Herein, we report the development of a novel amino trimethyl lock (H2 N-TML) system as an auto-immolative molecular entity for the release of fluorophores. We designed Cou-TML-N3 and MURh-TML-N3 , two azide-masked turn-on fluorophores. The latter was demonstrated to selectively release fluorescent MURh in the presence of physiological concentrations of the redox-signaling molecule H2 S in vitro and was successfully applied to image H2 S in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cheyenne Jimidar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) -, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Hazel Leanne Sarah Fuchs
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) -, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) -, Partner site Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mandler MD, Degnan AP, Zhang S, Aulakh D, Georges K, Sandhu B, Sarjeant A, Zhu Y, Traeger SC, Cheng PT, Ellsworth BA, Regueiro-Ren A. Structural and Thermal Characterization of Halogenated Azidopyridines: Under-Reported Synthons for Medicinal Chemistry. Org Lett 2021; 24:799-803. [PMID: 34714083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their participation in Click reactions, bifunctional azides are valuable intermediates in the preparation of medicines and biochemical tool compounds. Despite the privileged nature of pyridines among pharmaceutical scaffolds, reports of the synthesis and characterization of azidopyridines bearing a halogen substituent for further elaboration are almost completely unknown in the literature. As azidopyridines carry nearly equal numbers of nitrogen and carbon atoms, we hypothesized that safety concerns limited the application of these useful bifunctional building blocks in medicinal and biological chemistry. To address this concern, we prepared and characterized nine azidopyridines bearing a single fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atom. All were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in which they demonstrated exotherms of 228-326 kJ/mol and onset temperatures between 119 and 135 °C. Selected azidopyridines were advanced to mechanical stress testing, in which impact sensitivity was noted for one regioisomer of C5H3FN4. The utility of these versatile intermediates was demonstrated through their use in a variety of Click reactions and the diversification of the halogen handles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mandler
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Andrew P Degnan
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Darpandeep Aulakh
- Bristol Myers Squibb Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Ketleine Georges
- Bristol Myers Squibb Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Bhupinder Sandhu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Amy Sarjeant
- Bristol Myers Squibb Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Yeheng Zhu
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Sarah C Traeger
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Peter T Cheng
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Krzywik J, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Mozga W, Wietrzyk J, Huczyński A. Novel Double-Modified Colchicine Derivatives Bearing 1,2,3-Triazole: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26583-26600. [PMID: 34661013 PMCID: PMC8515607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles having 10-demethoxy-10-N-methylaminocolchicine core were designed and synthesized via the Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction and screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo, LoVo/DX) and one noncancerous cell line (BALB/3T3). Indexes of resistance (RI) and selectivity (SI) were also determined to assess the potential of the analogues to break drug resistance of the LoVo/DX cells and to verify their selectivity toward killing cancer cells over normal cells. The compounds with an ester or amide moiety in the fourth position of 1,2,3-triazole of 10-N-methylaminocolchicine turned out to have the greatest therapeutic potential (low IC50 values and favorable SI values), much better than that of unmodified colchicine or doxorubicin and cisplatin. Thus, they make a valuable clue for the further search for a drug having a colchicine scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krzywik
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- TriMen
Chemicals, Piłsudskiego
141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Hirszfeld
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Witold Mozga
- TriMen
Chemicals, Piłsudskiego
141, 92-318 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld
Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- . Tel: +48618291673
| |
Collapse
|