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Antrobus MR, Brazier J, Callus P, Herbert AJ, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Kilduff LP, Bennett MA, Erskine RM, Raleigh SM, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Heffernan SM, Williams AG. Concussion-Associated Gene Variant COMT rs4680 Is Associated With Elite Rugby Athlete Status. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e145-e151. [PMID: 35350037 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concussions are common match injuries in elite rugby, and reports exist of reduced cognitive function and long-term health consequences that can interrupt or end a playing career and produce continued ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between elite rugby status and 8 concussion-associated risk polymorphisms. We hypothesized that concussion-associated risk genotypes and alleles would be underrepresented in elite rugby athletes compared with nonathletes. DESIGN A case-control genetic association study. SETTING Institutional (university). PARTICIPANTS Elite White male rugby athletes [n = 668, mean (SD) height 1.85 (0.07) m, mass 102 (12) kg, and age 29 (7) years] and 1015 nonathlete White men and women (48% men). INTERVENTIONS Genotype was the independent variable, obtained by PCR of genomic DNA using TaqMan probes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Elite athlete status with groups compared using χ 2 and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS The COMT rs4680 Met/Met (AA) genotype, Met allele possession, and Met allele frequency were lower in rugby athletes (24.8%, 74.6%, and 49.7%, respectively) than nonathletes (30.2%, 77.6%, and 54.0%; P < 0.05). The Val/Val (GG) genotype was more common in elite rugby athletes than nonathletes (OR 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.86). No other polymorphism was associated with elite athlete status. CONCLUSIONS Elite rugby athlete status is associated with COMT rs4680 genotype that, acting pleiotropically, could affect stress resilience and behavioral traits during competition, concussion risk, and/or recovery from concussion. Consequently, assessing COMT rs4680 genotype might aid future individualized management of concussion risk among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Antrobus
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Brazier
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Callus
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H Day
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Bennett
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- School of Health Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ; and
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Alun G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Antrobus MR, Brazier J, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Heffernan SM, Kilduff LP, Erskine RM, Williams AG. Genetic Factors That Could Affect Concussion Risk in Elite Rugby. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:19. [PMID: 33499151 PMCID: PMC7910946 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite rugby league and union have some of the highest reported rates of concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) in professional sport due in part to their full-contact high-velocity collision-based nature. Currently, concussions are the most commonly reported match injury during the tackle for both the ball carrier and the tackler (8-28 concussions per 1000 player match hours) and reports exist of reduced cognitive function and long-term health consequences that can end a playing career and produce continued ill health. Concussion is a complex phenotype, influenced by environmental factors and an individual's genetic predisposition. This article reviews concussion incidence within elite rugby and addresses the biomechanics and pathophysiology of concussion and how genetic predisposition may influence incidence, severity and outcome. Associations have been reported between a variety of genetic variants and traumatic brain injury. However, little effort has been devoted to the study of genetic associations with concussion within elite rugby players. Due to a growing understanding of the molecular characteristics underpinning the pathophysiology of concussion, investigating genetic variation within elite rugby is a viable and worthy proposition. Therefore, we propose from this review that several genetic variants within or near candidate genes of interest, namely APOE, MAPT, IL6R, COMT, SLC6A4, 5-HTTLPR, DRD2, DRD4, ANKK1, BDNF and GRIN2A, warrant further study within elite rugby and other sports involving high-velocity collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Antrobus
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Jon Brazier
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Stephen H. Day
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Shane M. Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (S.M.H.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Liam P. Kilduff
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (S.M.H.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Robert M. Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (J.B.); (G.K.S.); (A.G.W.)
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Urban I, Turinsky M, Gehrmann S, Morgenstern J, Brune M, Milewski MR, Wagner AH, Rumig C, Fleming T, Leuschner F, Gleissner CA, Hecker M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J
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Reinforces the Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Endothelial Cells With a Genetically Determined NO Deficit. Circ Res 2019; 125:282-294. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Fluid shear stress (FSS) maintains NOS-3 (endothelial NO synthase) expression. Homozygosity for the C variant of the T-786C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the
NOS3
gene, which solely exists in humans, renders the gene less sensitive to FSS, resulting in a reduced endothelial cell (EC) capacity to generate NO. Decreased bioavailability of NO in the arterial vessel wall facilitates atherosclerosis. Consequently, individuals homozygous for the C variant have an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Objective:
At least 2 compensatory mechanisms seem to minimize the deleterious effects of this single-nucleotide polymorphism in affected individuals, one of which is characterized herein.
Methods and Results:
Human genotyped umbilical vein ECs and THP-1 monocytes were used to investigate the role of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J
2
(15d-PGJ
2
) in vitro. Its concentration in plasma samples from genotyped patients with CHD and age-matched CHD-free controls was determined using quantitative ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. Exposure of human ECs to FSS effectively reduced monocyte transmigration particularly through monolayers of CC-genotype ECs. Primarily in CC-genotype ECs, FSS elicited a marked rise in COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 and L-PGDS (lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase) expression, which appeared to be NO sensitive, and provoked a significant release of 15d-PGJ
2
over baseline. Exogenous 15d-PGJ
2
significantly reduced monocyte transmigration and exerted a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on the transmigrated monocytes by downregulating, for example, transcription of the IL (interleukin)-1β gene (
IL1B
). Reporter gene analyses verified that this effect is due to binding of Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]–like 2) to 2 AREs (antioxidant response elements) in the proximal
IL1B
promoter. In patients with CHD, 15d-PGJ
2
plasma levels were significantly upregulated compared with age-matched CHD-free controls, suggesting that this powerful anti-inflammatory prostanoid is part of an endogenous defence mechanism to counteract CHD.
Conclusions:
Despite a reduced capacity to form NO, CC-genotype ECs maintain a robust anti-inflammatory phenotype through an enhanced FSS-dependent release of 15d-PGJ
2
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Urban
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Martin Turinsky
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Sviatlana Gehrmann
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Moritz R. Milewski
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Andreas H. Wagner
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Cordula Rumig
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
| | - Christian A. Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Markus Hecker
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
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Haplotype analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genetic variants and metabolic syndrome in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:2036-2046. [PMID: 29907847 PMCID: PMC6291422 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives The frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is significantly higher in schizophrenia (SCH) patients, when compared to the general populatiotin. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variants T-786C (rs2070744), G894T (rs1799983) and C774T (rs1549758) in the endothelial nitric oxide (NOS3) gene and/or their haplotypes could be associated with the risk of MetS in SCH patients or healthy subjects from Russian population. Subjects/methods We performed two case−control comparisons. NOS3 polymorphisms were genotyped in 70 SCH patients with MetS, 190 normal weight SCH patients, 155 MetS patients, and 100 healthy controls. MetS was defined as per the criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical parameters, and serum nitrite concentrations were measured in all samples. Haplotype frequency estimations and linkage disequilibrium measures were made using Haploview 4.2. Results The higher C allele (P = 0.009) and lower TT genotype (P = 0.008) frequencies of T-786C polymorphism were found in SCH patients with MetS compared to those in normal weight SCH patients. SCH patients with MetS who were carriers of the T-786C TT genotype had lower serum total cholesterol levels in comparison to the CC genotype (P = 0.016). Furthermore, the 774T/894T haplotype was more frequent in non-SCH individuals with MetS compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0004, odds ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.4–3.37). Conversely, the most common haplotype 774C/894G was less frequent in MetS patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.013, odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.9). Conclusions These results indicate that the NOS3 T-786C promoter polymorphism was closely associated with MetS risk in SCH patients. In addition, the haplotypes composed of G894T and C774T polymorphisms are associated with the MetS susceptibility in Russian population.
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The Relation Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Normal Tension Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:1030-1035. [PMID: 28777225 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether polymorphisms of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). We also investigated whether the eNOS polymorphisms are associated with NTG subgroups [NTG with and without optic disc hemorrhage (DH)]. METHODS A total of 251 patients with NTG and 245 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes was extracted, and the genotypes of 4 polymorphisms (rs2070744, rs1549758, rs1799983, and rs2566514) in the eNOS gene were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism and the SNaPshot method. The primary outcome was to investigate the relation between eNOS polymorphisms and NTG. The secondary outcome was to compare the frequencies of the polymorphic genotypes among the NTG subgroups. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for type I error. RESULTS In all subjects, the genotype distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. None of the 4 polymorphisms showed any significant difference in the frequencies of alleles or genotypes between the NTG patients and controls. In the further analysis comparing the genotypic frequencies between NTG with DH and normal controls, the CC/CT genotype of rs2070744 was significantly associated with DH in NTG patients (genotypic association test, P-value=0.0041). On the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates such as sex and age, the NTG with DH was associated with polymorphic genotypes of rs2070744 with a borderline significance (additive genetic model, P=0.0070). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicates that eNOS rs2070744 can be associated with NTG patients with DH. This finding suggests that the eNOS polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor in the development of DH in NTG patients.
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Melkozerova OA, Bashmakova NV, Volkova EV, Tretyakova TB, Tsyvian PB. The molecular and genetic aspects of adolescent girls anomalous uterine bleeding: the role of endothelial dysfunction syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:23-26. [PMID: 27759449 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1232232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess NOS3 and ESR1 gene polymorphism in adolescent girls born with low birth weight (LBW) and suffered by anomalous uterine bleeding (AUB). A total 95 adolescent girls were studied including 32 born with LBW and AUB; 36 girls with normal birth weight and AUB; and 27 healthy girls. Single allele gene polymorphism NOS3 786T > C, 894G > T, ESR1 351A > G and 397T > C was studied. The existence of polymorphous allele С gene NOS3 786Т > С (for homozygote OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.12-3.68; p = 0.04; for heterozygote OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.60; p = 0.046) and genotype Pvull-CC ESR1 (OR = 4.58; 95% CI: 0.97-21.68; p = 0.04) was detected in LBW girls with AUB. It was suggested that intrauterine programming of endothelial dysfunction syndrome could play a significant role in the development of AUB in adolescent girls born with LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Melkozerova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - N V Bashmakova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - E V Volkova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - T B Tretyakova
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
| | - P B Tsyvian
- a Federal State Budgetary Institution (FSBU) "Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care" Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation , Yekaterinburg , Russia and
- b Ural State Medical University , Yekaterinburg , Russia
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Li WH, Li YZ, Song DD, Wang XR, Liu M, Wu XD, Liu XH. Calreticulin protects rat microvascular endothelial cells against microwave radiation-induced injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Microcirculation 2015; 21:506-15. [PMID: 24589181 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether exogenous CRT was beneficial for alleviating MR-induced injury by suppressing ER stress in rat MMECs. METHODS MMECs were pretreated with CRT (25 pg/mL) for 12 hours, followed by the exposure to 2.856 GHz radiation at a mean power density of 30 mW/cm(2) for six minutes. MR-induced injury in MMECs was evaluated by LDH leakage, apoptosis, and cell viability analysis. The expression of GRP78, CRT, CHOP, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined by Western blot analysis to reflect ER stress response and ER stress-related apoptosis. RESULTS MR induced marked MMECs injury, as shown by increased LDH leakage and apoptosis rate and decreased cell viability. MR also induced excessive ER stress, characterized by increased expression of GRP78 and CRT, and ER stress-related apoptotic signaling as well, as shown by the upregulation of CHOP and Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Exogenous CRT pretreatment remarkably attenuated MR-induced cell apoptosis and LDH leakage, ER stress, and activation of the ER stress-related apoptotic signaling. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous CRT attenuates MR-induced ER stress-related apoptosis by suppressing CHOP-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways in MMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease (Chinese PLA General Hospital 2011DAV00088), Beijing, China
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Heiss M, Hellström M, Kalén M, May T, Weber H, Hecker M, Augustin HG, Korff T. Endothelial cell spheroids as a versatile tool to study angiogenesis
in vitro. FASEB J 2015; 29:3076-84. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heiss
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Mats Hellström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Mattias Kalén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and MetastasisGerman Cancer Research Center HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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Clapauch R, Mourão AF, Mecenas AS, Maranhão PA, Rossini A, Bouskela E. Endothelial function and insulin resistance in early postmenopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors: importance of ESR1 and NOS3 polymorphisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103444. [PMID: 25077953 PMCID: PMC4117493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular benefits from estradiol activation of nitric oxide endothelial production may depend on vascular wall and on estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms. We have evaluated the microcirculation in vivo through nailfold videocapillaroscopy, before and after acute nasal estradiol administration at baseline and after increased sheer stress (postocclusive reactive hyperemia response) in 100 postmenopausal women, being 70 controls (healthy) and 30 simultaneously hypertensive and diabetic (HD), correlating their responses to PvuII and XbaI ESR1 polymorphisms and to VNTR, T-786C and G894T NOS3 variants. In HD women, C variant allele of ESR1 Pvull was associated to higher vasodilatation after estradiol (1.72 vs 1.64 mm/s, p = 0.01 compared to TT homozygotes) while G894T and T-786C NOS3 polymorphisms were connected to lower increment after shear stress (15% among wild type and 10% among variant alleles, p = 0.02 and 0.04). The G variant allele of ESR1 XbaI polymorphism was associated to higher HOMA-IR (3.54 vs. 1.64, p = 0.01) in HD and higher glucose levels in healthy women (91.8 vs. 87.1 mg/dl, p = 0.01), in which increased waist and HOMA-IR were also related to the G allele in NOS3 G894T (waist 93.5 vs 88.2 cm, p = 0.02; HOMA-IR 2.89 vs 1.48, p = 0.05). ESR1 Pvull, NOS3 G894T and T-786C polymorphism analysis may be considered in HD postmenopausal women for endothelial response prediction following estrogen therapy but were not discriminatory for endothelial response in healthy women. ESR1 XbaI and G894T NOS3 polymorphisms may be useful in accessing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risks in all women, even before menopause and occurrence of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Clapauch
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Hospital da Lagoa, Endocrinology Sector, Health Ministry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - André Felipe Mourão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anete S. Mecenas
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila A. Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Rossini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Firasat S, Hecker M, Binder L, Asif AR. Advances in endothelial shear stress proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:611-9. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.933673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Miranda JA, Belo VA, Souza-Costa DC, Lanna CMM, Tanus-Santos JE. eNOS polymorphism associated with metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:155-60. [PMID: 22983816 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether genetic polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene (T(786)C in the promoter region, Glu298Asp in exon 7, and 4b/4a in intron 4) or eNOS haplotypes are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese children and adolescents. We studied 242 subjects: 108 healthy (controls), 64 normotensive obese, and 70 obese children and adolescents with MetS. Genotypes were determined by Taqman(®) allele discrimination assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR followed by fragment separation by electrophoresis. We compared the distribution of eNOS genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes in the three groups of subjects. The CC genotype for the T(786)C polymorphism was more common in the MetS group than in the control group (OR = 3.27; CI 1.81-9.07; P < 0.05). However, we found no significant differences in the distribution of eNOS haplotypes (P > 0.00625; P for significance after correction for multiple comparisons). Our findings suggest that while eNOS haplotypes are not relevant, the CC genotype for the T(786)C polymorphism is associated with MetS in obese children and adolescents. Further studies examining interactions of eNOS haplotypes with environmental factors and other genetic markers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane A Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil
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Cilenšek I, Mankoč S, Globočnik Petrovič M, Petrovič D. The 4a/4a genotype of the VNTR polymorphism for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene predicts risk for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Slovenian patients (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7061-7. [PMID: 22311033 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thus far only a limited number of studies examined the association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In this report, two polymorphisms in the eNOS gene have been investigated, namely the 894G>T (Glu298Asp) and a 27 bp VNTR (4b/4a), to assess their possible relationships to PDR among Slovenian (Caucasians) type 2 diabetic patients. This cross-sectional case-control study enrolled 577 unrelated Slovenian subjects (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The case group consisted of 172 patients with PDR and the control group had 405 patients who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) but did have type 2 diabetes for more than 10 years' duration. Genotyping of eNOS polymorphisms was carried out with conventional and real-time PCR assays. A significantly higher frequency of the eNOS minor "4a" allele was found in patients with PDR than in controls (23.6 versus 17.7%, p = 0.01). Moreover, the univariate analysis showed a significant association of the 27 bp VNTR 4a/4a genotype and PDR in the recessive model. The odds ratio (OR) of PDR for the 4a/4a genotype to 4b/4a plus 4b/4b was 2.9 (95% CI 1.3-6.2, p = 0.005). Further, the presence of 4a/a genotype was associated with a 3.4-fold (95% CI 1.4-8.6, p = 0.009) increased risk for PDR while adjusted for other risk factors. This is the first study to implicate eNOS 4a/4a homozygous deletion, and hence the "4a" allele, as the genetic risk factors for PDR in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Cilenšek
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Robertson CS, Gopinath SP, Valadka AB, Van M, Swank PR, Goodman JC. Variants of the endothelial nitric oxide gene and cerebral blood flow after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:727-37. [PMID: 21332418 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest that nitric oxide produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) plays a role in maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to determine if common variants of the NOS3 gene contribute to hypoperfusion after severe TBI. Fifty-one patients with severe TBI were studied. Cerebral hemodynamics, including global CBF by the stable xenon computed tomography (CT) technique, internal carotid artery flow volume (ICA-FVol), and flow velocity in intracranial vessels, were measured within 12 h of injury, and at 48 h after injury. A blood sample was collected for DNA analysis, and genotyping of the following variants of the NOS3 gene was performed: -786T>C, 894G>T, and 27bp VNTR. Cerebral hemodynamics were most closely related to the-786T>C genotype. CBF averaged 57.7±3.0 mL/100 g/min with the normal T/T genotype, 47.0±2.5 mL/100 g/min with the T/C, and 37.3±8.8 mL/100 g/min with the C/C genotype (p=0.0146). Cerebrovascular resistance followed an inverse pattern with the highest values occurring with the C/C genotype (p=0.0027). The lowest ICA-FVol of 124±43 mL/min was found at 12 h post-injury in the more injured hemisphere of the patients with the C/C genotype (p=0.0085). The mortality rate was 20% in patients with the T/T genotype and 17% with the T/C genotype. In contrast, both of the patients with the C/C genotype were dead at 6 months post-injury (p=0.022). The findings in this study support the importance of NO produced by NOS3 activity in maintaining CBF after TBI, since lower CBF values were found in patients having the -786C allele. The study suggests that a patient's individual genetic makeup may contribute to the brain's response to injury and determine the patient's chances of surviving the injury. The results here will need to be studied in a larger number of patients, but could explain some of the variability in outcome that occurs following severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Wakeel A, Asif AR, Pitann B, Schubert S. Proteome analysis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) elucidates constitutive adaptation during the first phase of salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:519-26. [PMID: 20980072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major stress factors responsible for growth reduction of most of the higher plants. In this study, the effect of salt stress on protein pattern in shoots and roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was examined. Sugar beet plants were grown in hydroponics under control and 125 mM salt treatments. A significant growth reduction of shoots and roots was observed. The changes in protein expression, caused by salinity, were monitored using two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis. Most of the detected proteins in sugar beet showed stability under salt stress. The statistical analysis of detected proteins showed that the expression of only six proteins from shoots and three proteins from roots were significantly altered. At this stage, the significantly changed protein expressions we detected could not be attributed to sugar beet adaptation under salt stress. However, unchanged membrane bound proteins under salt stress did reveal the constitutive adaptation of sugar beet to salt stress at the plasma membrane level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Richardson MR, Lai X, Witzmann FA, Yoder MC. Venous and arterial endothelial proteomics: mining for markers and mechanisms of endothelial diversity. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:823-31. [PMID: 21142885 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inside of arterial and venous blood vessels in a continuous monolayer and have the important function of responding to environmental cues to regulate vascular tone and new blood vessel formation. They also have well-defined roles in supporting tumorigenesis, and alterations in their function lead to cardiovascular disease. Consequently, ECs have been studied extensively as a cellular model of both normal and abnormal physiology. Despite their importance and the increased utility of proteomic tools in medical research, there are relatively few publications on the topic of vascular endothelial proteomics. A thorough search of the literature mined 52 publications focused exclusively on arterial and/or venous endothelial proteomics. These studies mostly relied upon examination of whole-cell lysates from cultured human umbilical vein ECs to investigate in vitro effects of various molecules, such as VEGF in the context of altering human umbilical vein EC functions related to angiogenesis. Only a few of these publications focused solely on a proteomic characterization of ECs and our analysis further revealed a lack of published studies incorporating proteomic analysis of freshly isolated ECs from tissues or in vitro conditions that mimic in vivo variables, such as oxygen tension and shear stress. It is the purpose of this article to account for the diversity of vascular EC proteomic investigations and comment on the issues that have been and should be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Richardson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Abstract
Prospective identification of which individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at greatest risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications would have considerable public health importance by allowing the allocation of limited resources to be focused on those individuals who would most benefit from aggressive intervention. Over the past 20 years genetic disease association studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms at specific genetic loci may identify those individuals at greatest risk for developing CVD in the setting of DM. This article reviews the evidence accumulated to date on four polymorphic loci with the aim of explaining how these polymorphisms modify the risk for CVD in DM by modifying the functional activity of a specific gene. Use of the knowledge of these genetic differences among individuals in targeting drug therapy (pharmacogenomics) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Farbstein
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Schultze FC, Petrova DT, Oellerich M, Armstrong VW, Asif AR. Differential proteome and phosphoproteome signatures in human T-lymphoblast cells induced by sirolimus. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:396-404. [PMID: 20590665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate early proteome and phosphoproteome changes during inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation induced by sirolimus (SRL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Proliferation assays were conducted using human CCRF-CEM T lymphoblasts under different SRL concentrations. Total protein lysates after SRL treatment were used to identify significantly regulated proteins and phosphorylated proteins by 2-DE and Q-TOF Ultima Global mass spectrometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Incubation with 2.5 micromol/l SRL resulted in a approximately 70% inhibition of cell proliferation. Cells incubated with 2.5 micromol/l for 30 min showed a differential phosphorylation pattern with one higher (TCPQ) and six lower phosphorylation signals (TBA1B, VIME, HNRPD, ENPL, SEPT9, PLSL). On investigating the differential protein expression, five proteins were found to be up-regulated (ECHB, PSB3, MTDC, LDHB and NDKA) and four were down-regulated (EHD1, AATC, LMNB1 and MDHC). Nine of these differentially regulated proteins/phosphoproteins (TCPQ, TBA1B, VIME, HNRPD, ENPL, ECHB, PSB3, LDHB and LMNB1) showed significant interaction potential, through binding protein YWHAZ using MINT software. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time the simultaneous early influence of SRL on phosphorylation status and on protein expression in the total proteome of CCRF-CEM T lymphoblasts and predict that 56% of the proteins interact with each other, highlighting significance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Schultze
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Knöferle J, Ramljak S, Koch JC, Tönges L, Asif AR, Michel U, Wouters FS, Heermann S, Krieglstein K, Zerr I, Bähr M, Lingor P. TGF-beta 1 enhances neurite outgrowth via regulation of proteasome function and EFABP. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 38:395-404. [PMID: 20211260 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been implicated as a causal factor in the pathogenesis of aggregation-related disorders, e.g. Parkinson's disease. We show here that Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta), a multifunctional cytokine and trophic factor for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons modulates proteasome function in primary midbrain neurons. TGF-beta differentially inhibited proteasomal subactivities with a most pronounced time-dependent inhibition of the peptidyl-glutamyl peptide hydrolyzing-like and chymotrypsin-like subactivity. Regulation of proteasomal activity could be specifically quantified in the DAergic subpopulation. Protein blot analysis revealed an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins after TGF-beta treatment. The identity of these enriched proteins was further analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We found epidermal fatty acid binding protein (EFABP) to be strongly increased and ubiquitinated after TGF-beta treatment and confirmed this finding by co-immunoprecipitation. While application of TGF-beta increased neurite regeneration in a scratch lesion model, downregulation of EFABP by siRNA significantly decreased this effect. We thus postulate that a differential regulation of proteasomal function, as demonstrated for TGF-beta, can result in an enrichment of proteins, such as EFABP, that mediate physiological functions, such as neurite regeneration.
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Asif AR, Hecker M, Cattaruzza M. Disinhibition of SOD-2 expression to compensate for a genetically determined NO deficit in endothelial cells--brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1890-3. [PMID: 19696404 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.190678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homozygosity for the -786C-variant of the human nos-3 gene is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Interestingly, affected individuals develop CAD more frequently but not earlier than the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS Genotyped primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) and analyzed for nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation as well as mRNA and protein expression of different antioxidant enzymes. Dysfunctional CC-genotype ECs failed to upregulate NO synthase expression in response to FSS and exhibited a reduced NO synthesis capacity when compared to functionally intact TT-genotype ECs. However, only CC-genotype ECs responded to FSS with an Egr-1-mediated increase in manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) expression, shielding them from endothelin-1-induced oxidative stress in a NO-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS This FSS-induced rise in SOD-2 expression in CC-genotype ECs effectively stabilizes their antiatherosclerotic phenotype and may explain not only the comparatively slow onset of CAD in homozygous carriers of the C-allele of the nos-3 gene but also define a general strategy for preventing endothelial dysfunction at the outset of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul R Asif
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medicine Göttingen, Germany
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