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Akagi Y, Yamakoshi H, Iwabuchi Y. Development of a fluorous trapping reagent for rapid detection of electrophilic reactive metabolites. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3810-3814. [PMID: 38855885 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A cysteine-based fluorous trapping reagent, Rf8CYS, was developed. Rf8CYS formed adducts with soft and hard electrophilic reactive metabolites. These fluorous-tagged adducts were purified via both fluorous solid-phase extraction and the direct injection method. The highly sensitive mass spectrometric detection of an unprecedented adduct of the ticlopidine metabolite was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Akagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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2
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Nishimura T, Takebe T. Synthetic human gonadal tissues for toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108598. [PMID: 38657700 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The process of mammalian reproduction involves the development of fertile germ cells in the testis and ovary, supported by the surrounders. Fertilization leads to embryo development and ultimately the birth of offspring inheriting parental genome information. Any disruption in this process can result in disorders such as infertility and cancer. Chemical toxicity affecting the reproductive system and embryogenesis can impact birth rates, overall health, and fertility, highlighting the need for animal toxicity studies during drug development. However, the translation of animal data to human health remains challenging due to interspecies differences. In vitro culture systems offer a promising solution to bridge this gap, allowing the study of mammalian cells in an environment that mimics the physiology of the human body. Current advances on in vitro culture systems, such as organoids, enable the development of biomaterials that recapitulate the physiological state of reproductive organs. Application of these technologies to human gonadal cells would provide effective tools for drug screening and toxicity testing, and these models would be a powerful tool to study reproductive biology and pathology. This review focuses on the 2D/3D culture systems of human primary testicular and ovarian cells, highlighting the novel approaches for in vitro study of human reproductive toxicology, specifically in the context of testis and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Nishimura
- WPI Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanori Takebe
- WPI Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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3
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Wang Z, Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Wang Q. Computational study on the endocrine-disrupting metabolic activation of Benzophenone-3 catalyzed by cytochrome P450 1A1: A QM/MM approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142238. [PMID: 38705413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the metabolic activation mechanism and potential hazardous metabolites of environmental endocrine-disruptors is a challenging and significant task in risk assessment. Here the metabolic activation mechanism of benzophenone-3 catalyzed by P450 1A1 was investigated by using Molecular Dynamics, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics and Density Functional Theory approaches. Two elementary reactions involved in the metabolic activation of BP-3 with P450 1A1: electrophilic addition and hydrogen abstraction reactions were both discussed. Further conversion reactions of epoxidation products, ketone products and the formaldehyde formation reaction were investigated in the non-enzymatic environment based on previous experimental reports. Binding affinities analysis of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites to sex hormone binding globulin indirectly demonstrates that they all exhibit endocrine-disrupting property. Toxic analysis shows that the eco-toxicity and bioaccumulation values of the benzophenone-3 metabolites are much lower than those of benzophenone-3. However, the metabolites are found to have skin-sensitization effects. The present study provides a deep insight into the biotransformation process of benzophenone-3 catalyzed by P450 1A1 and alerts us to pay attention to the adverse effects of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites in human livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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4
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Long TZ, Jiang DJ, Shi SH, Deng YC, Wang WX, Cao DS. Enhancing Multi-species Liver Microsomal Stability Prediction through Artificial Intelligence. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3222-3236. [PMID: 38498003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver microsomal stability, a crucial aspect of metabolic stability, significantly impacts practical drug discovery. However, current models for predicting liver microsomal stability are based on limited molecular information from a single species. To address this limitation, we constructed the largest public database of compounds from three common species: human, rat, and mouse. Subsequently, we developed a series of classification models using both traditional descriptor-based and classic graph-based machine learning (ML) algorithms. Remarkably, the best-performing models for the three species achieved Matthews correlation coefficients (MCCs) of 0.616, 0.603, and 0.574, respectively, on the test set. Furthermore, through the construction of consensus models based on these individual models, we have demonstrated their superior predictive performance in comparison with the existing models of the same type. To explore the similarities and differences in the properties of liver microsomal stability among multispecies molecules, we conducted preliminary interpretative explorations using the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and atom heatmap approaches for the models and misclassified molecules. Additionally, we further investigated representative structural modifications and substructures that decrease the liver microsomal stability in different species using the matched molecule pair analysis (MMPA) method and substructure extraction techniques. The established prediction models, along with insightful interpretation information regarding liver microsomal stability, will significantly contribute to enhancing the efficiency of exploring practical drugs for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Zhi Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Jiang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - You-Chao Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
- Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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5
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Jeon JS, Kim H, Jo S, Sim J, Kim SK. Role of microsomal metabolism in bromfenac-induced cytotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110903. [PMID: 38331335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with a specific focus on bromfenac, the withdrawn nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. DILI is a pervasive concern in drug development, prompting market withdrawals and posing significant challenges to healthcare. Despite the withdrawal of bromfenac due to DILI, the exact role of its microsomal metabolism in inducing hepatotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, employing HepG2 cells with human liver microsomes and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), our investigation revealed a substantial increase in bromfenac-induced cytotoxicity in the presence of UDPGA, pointing to the significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-dependent metabolism in augmenting toxicity. Notably, among the recombinant UGTs examined, UGT2B7 emerged as a pivotal enzyme in the metabolic activation of bromfenac. Metabolite identification studies disclosed the formation of reactive intermediates, with bromfenac indolinone (lactam) identified as a potential mediator of hepatotoxic effects. Moreover, in cytotoxicity experiments, the toxicity of bromfenac lactam exhibited a 34-fold increase, relative to bromfenac. The toxicity of bromfenac lactam was mitigated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent metabolism. This finding underscores the role of UGT-dependent metabolism in generating reactive metabolites that contribute to the observed hepatotoxicity associated with bromfenac. Understanding these metabolic pathways and the involvement of specific enzymes, such as UGT2B7, provides crucial insights into the mechanisms of bromfenac-induced liver injury. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the metabolic intricacies leading to cytotoxicity induced by bromfenac, especially emphasizing the role of UGT-dependent metabolism and the formation of reactive intermediates like bromfenac lactam. These findings offer insight into the mechanistic basis of DILI and emphasize the importance of understanding metabolism-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Su Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyea Jo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Amoroso N, Gambacorta N, Mastrolorito F, Togo MV, Trisciuzzi D, Monaco A, Pantaleo E, Altomare CD, Ciriaco F, Nicolotti O. Making sense of chemical space network shows signs of criticality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21335. [PMID: 38049451 PMCID: PMC10696027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical space modelling has great importance in unveiling and visualising latent information, which is critical in predictive toxicology related to drug discovery process. While the use of traditional molecular descriptors and fingerprints may suffer from the so-called curse of dimensionality, complex networks are devoid of the typical drawbacks of coordinate-based representations. Herein, we use chemical space networks (CSNs) to analyse the case of the developmental toxicity (Dev Tox), which remains a challenging endpoint for the difficulty of gathering enough reliable data despite very important for the protection of the maternal and child health. Our study proved that the Dev Tox CSN has a complex non-random organisation and can thus provide a wealth of meaningful information also for predictive purposes. At a phase transition, chemical similarities highlight well-established toxicophores, such as aryl derivatives, mostly neurotoxic hydantoins, barbiturates and amino alcohols, steroids, and volatile organic compounds ether-like chemicals, which are strongly suspected of the Dev Tox onset and can thus be employed as effective alerts for prioritising chemicals before testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amoroso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mastrolorito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Togo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfonso Monaco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola, 173, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ester Pantaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola, 173, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Yang HS, Choi JM, In J, Sung TY, Kim YB, Sultana S. Current clinical application of dantrolene sodium. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2023; 18:220-232. [PMID: 37691593 PMCID: PMC10410554 DOI: 10.17085/apm.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene sodium (DS) was first introduced as an oral antispasmodic drug. However, in 1975, DS was demonstrated to be effective for managing malignant hyperthermia (MH) and was adopted as the primary therapeutic drug after intravenous administration. However, it is difficult to administer DS intravenously to manage MH. MH is life-threatening, pharmacogenomically related, and induced by depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents or inhalational anesthetics. All anesthesiologists should know the pharmacology of DS. DS suppresses Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). RyRs are expressed in various tissues, although their distribution differs among subtypes. The anatomical and physiological functions of RyRs have also been demonstrated as effective therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, Alzheimer's disease, and other RyR-related diseases. Recently, a new formulation was introduced that enhanced the hydrophilicity of the lipophilic DS. The authors summarize the pharmacological properties of DS and comment on its indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs by reviewing reference articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seuk Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junyong In
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae-yun Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konyang University Hopsital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shofina Sultana
- Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and lntensive Care lVedicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Jia X, Wen X, Russo DP, Aleksunes LM, Zhu H. Mechanism-driven modeling of chemical hepatotoxicity using structural alerts and an in vitro screening assay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129193. [PMID: 35739723 PMCID: PMC9262097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional experimental approaches to evaluate hepatotoxicity are expensive and time-consuming. As an advanced framework of risk assessment, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe the sequence of molecular and cellular events underlying chemical toxicities. We aimed to develop an AOP that can be used to predict hepatotoxicity by leveraging computational modeling and in vitro assays. We curated 869 compounds with known hepatotoxicity classifications as a modeling set and extracted assay data from PubChem. The antioxidant response element (ARE) assay, which quantifies transcriptional responses to oxidative stress, showed a high correlation to hepatotoxicity (PPV=0.82). Next, we developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict ARE activation for compounds lacking testing results. Potential toxicity alerts were identified and used to construct a mechanistic hepatotoxicity model. For experimental validation, 16 compounds in the modeling set and 12 new compounds were selected and tested using an in-house ARE-luciferase assay in HepG2-C8 cells. The mechanistic model showed good hepatotoxicity predictivity (accuracy = 0.82) for these compounds. Potential false positive hepatotoxicity predictions by only using ARE results can be corrected by incorporating structural alerts and vice versa. This mechanistic model illustrates a potential toxicity pathway for hepatotoxicity, and this strategy can be expanded to develop predictive models for other complex toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jia
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Daniel P Russo
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
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Pal R, Singh K, Khan SA, Chawla P, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Reactive metabolites of the anticonvulsant drugs and approaches to minimize the adverse drug reaction. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113890. [PMID: 34628237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several generations of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available in the market for the treatment of seizures, but these are amalgamated with acute to chronic side effects. The most common side effects of AEDs are dose-related, but some are idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that transpire due to the formation of reactive metabolite (RM) after the bioactivation process. Because of the adverse reactions patients usually discontinue the medication in between the treatment. The AEDs such as valproic acid, lamotrigine, phenytoin etc., can be categorized under such types because they form the RM which may prevail with life-threatening adverse effects or immune-mediated reactions. Hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, cutaneous hypersensitivity, dizziness, addiction, serum sickness reaction, renal calculi, metabolic acidosis are associated with the metabolites of drugs such as arene oxide, N-desmethyldiazepam, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylsuccinimide, 2-(sulphamoy1acetyl)-phenol, E-2-en-VPA and 4-en-VPA and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, etc. The major toxicities are associated with the moieties that are either capable of forming RM or the functional groups may itself be too reactive prior to the metabolism. These functional groups or fragment structures are typically known as structural alerts or toxicophores. Therefore, minimizing the bioactivation potential of lead structures in the early phases of drug discovery by a modification to low-risk drug molecules is a priority for the pharmaceutical companies. Additionally, excellent potency and pharmacokinetic (PK) behaviour help in ensuring that appropriate (low dose) candidate drugs progress into the development phase. The current review discusses about RMs in the anticonvulsant drugs along with their mechanism vis-a-vis research efforts that have been taken to minimize the toxic effects of AEDs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur, G.T. Road, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman.
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10
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Xue Y, Ren X, Zhu Z, Lei P, Liu M, Wan M, Zhong D, Huang H, Diao X. Site-specific protein modification by 3-n-butylphthalide in primary hepatocytes: Covalent protein adducts diminished by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Life Sci 2021; 287:120125. [PMID: 34762904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is widely used for the treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke but can causeliver injury in clinical practice. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and propose potential preventive strategies. MAIN METHODS NBP and its four major metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP (3-OH-NBP), 10-hydroxy-NBP, 10-keto-NBP and NBP-11-oic acid, were synthesized and evaluated in primary human or rat hepatocytes (PHHs, PRHs). NBP-related substances or amino acid adducts were identified and semi-quantitated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The target proteins and binding sites were identified by shotgun proteomics based on peptide mass fingerprinting coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and verified by molecular docking. KEY FINDINGS The toxicity of NBP and its four major metabolites were compared in both PHHs and PRHs, and 3-OH-NBP was found to be the most toxic metabolite. 3-OH-NBP induced remarkable cell death and oxidative stresses in hepatocytes, which correlated well with the levels of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts (3-GSH-NBP and 3-NAC-NBP) in cell supernatants. Additionally, 3-OH-NBP covalently conjugated with intracellular Cys, Lys and Ser, with preferable binding to Cys sites at Myh9 Cys1380, Prdx4 Cys53, Vdac2 Cys48 and Vdac3 Cys36. Furthermore, we found that CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin augmented NBP-induced cell toxicity and supplementing with GSH or NAC alleviated the oxidative stresses and reactive metabolites caused by 3-OH-NBP. SIGNIFICANCE Our work suggests that glutathione depletion, mitochondrial injury and covalent protein modification are the main causes of NBP-induced hepatotoxicity, which may be prevented by exogenous GSH or NAC supplementation and avoiding concomitant use of CYP3A4 inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuelian Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengdan Zhu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Institute of Big Data Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- Waters Technology (Shanghai), Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chai L, Zhang H, Song R, Yang H, Yu H, Paneth P, Kepp KP, Akamatsu M, Ji L. Precision Biotransformation of Emerging Pollutants by Human Cytochrome P450 Using Computational-Experimental Synergy: A Case Study of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14037-14050. [PMID: 34663070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precision biotransformation is an envisioned strategy offering detailed insights into biotransformation pathways in real environmental settings using experimentally guided high-accuracy quantum chemistry. Emerging pollutants, whose metabolites are easily overlooked but may cause idiosyncratic toxicity, are important targets of such a strategy. We demonstrate here that complex metabolic reactions of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) catalyzed by human CYP450 enzymes can be mapped via a three-step synergy strategy: (i) screening the possible metabolites via high-throughout (moderate-accuracy) computations; (ii) analyzing the proposed metabolites in vitro by human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP450 enzymes; and (iii) rationalizing the experimental data via precise mechanisms using high-level targeted computations. Through the bilateral dialogues from qualitative to semi-quantitative to quantitative levels, we show how TDCIPP metabolism especially by CYP3A4 generates bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) as an O-dealkylation metabolite and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) 3-chloro-1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (alcoholβ-dehalogen) as a dehalogenation/reduction metabolite via the initial rate-determining H-abstraction from αC- and βC-positions. The relative yield ratio [dehalogenation/reduction]/[O-dealkylation] is derived from the relative barriers of H-abstraction at the βC- and αC-positions by CYP3A4, estimated as 0.002 to 0.23, viz., an in vitro measured ratio of 0.04. Importantly, alcoholβ-dehalogen formation points to a new mechanism involving successive oxidation and reduction functions of CYP450, with its precursor aldehydeβ-dehalogen being a key intermediate detected by trapping assays and rationalized by computations. We conclude that the proposed three-step synergy strategy may meet the increasing challenge of elucidating biotransformation mechanisms of substantial synthesized organic compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chai
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanni Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Runqian Song
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 206, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Miki Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Li Ji
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Baines RP, Wolton K, Thompson CRL. Dictyostelium discoideum: an alternative non-animal model for developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:302-318. [PMID: 34387693 PMCID: PMC8538044 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of toxicity evaluation is developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) testing. Traditionally, DART testing has been conducted in vivo in mammalian model systems. New legislation aimed at reducing animal use and the prohibitive costs associated with DART testing, together with a need to understand the genetic pathways underlying developmental toxicity means there is a growing demand for alternative model systems for toxicity evaluation. Here we explore the potential of the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which is already widely used as a simple model system for cell and developmental biology, as a potential nonanimal model for DART testing. We developed assays for high-throughput screening of toxicity during D. discoideum growth and development. This allowed the toxicity of a broad range of test compounds to be characterized, which revealed that D. discoideum can broadly predict mammalian toxicity. In addition, we show that this system can be used to perform functional genomic screens to compare the molecular modes of action of different compounds. For example, genome-wide screens for mutations that affect lithium and valproic acid toxicity allowed common and unique biological targets and molecular processes mediating their toxicity to be identified. These studies illustrate that D. discoideum could represent a predictive nonanimal model for DART testing due to its amenability to high-throughput approaches and molecular genetic tractability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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13
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Shibazaki C, Ohe T, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Mashino T. Development of fluorescent-labeled trapping reagents based on cysteine to detect soft and hard electrophilic reactive metabolites. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 39:100386. [PMID: 34091122 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trapping assays are conducted at lead optimization stages to detect reactive metabolites (RMs) that can contribute to drug toxicity. The commonly used dansyl glutathione (dGSH) provides a sensitive analysis owing to the fluorescent label, however, it captures only soft electrophilic RMs. TRs for hard electrophilic RMs, few of which are labeled fluorescently, can detect hard electrophilic aldehydes only by forming unstable imine derivatives. In this study, we aimed to develop novel fluorescently labeled TRs that detect both soft and hard electrophilic RMs and form stable ring structures with aldehydes. We designed four dansylated TRs based on cysteine, which has both soft and hard nucleophilic groups. To evaluate the reactivity of the TRs, we incubated them with several substrates and found that one of the TRs (CysGlu-Dan) detected all the soft and hard electrophilic RMs. We also examined the inhibition potential of each TR for seven major CYPs involved in drug metabolism and found that CysGlu-Dan showed an inhibitory profile similar to that of dGSH. In conclusion, CysGlu-Dan can be used to evaluate the risk of RMs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Shibazaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Feng H, Zhang L, Li S, Liu L, Yang T, Yang P, Zhao J, Arkin IT, Liu H. Predicting the reproductive toxicity of chemicals using ensemble learning methods and molecular fingerprints. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:4-14. [PMID: 33421549 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive toxicity endpoints are a significant safety concern in the assessment of the adverse effects of chemicals in drug discovery. Computational models that can accurately predict a chemical's toxic potential are increasingly pursued to replace traditional animal experiments. Thus, ensemble learning models were built to predict the reproductive toxicity of compounds. Our ensemble models were developed using support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting methods and 9 molecular fingerprints calculated for a dataset containing 1823 chemicals. The best prediction performance was achieved by the Ensemble-Top12 model, with an accuracy (ACC) of 86.33 %, a sensitivity (SEN) of 82.02 %, a specificity (SPE) of 90.19 %, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.937 in 5-fold cross-validation and ACC, SEN, SPE, and AUC values of 84.38 %, 86.90 %, 90.67 %, and 0.920, respectively, in external validation. We also defined the applicability domain (AD) of the ensemble model by calculating the Tanimoto distance of the training set. Compared with models in existing literature, our ensemble model achieves relatively high ACC, SPE and AUC values. We also identified several fingerprint features related to chemical reproductive toxicity. Considering the performance of model, we recommend using the Ensemble-Top12 model to predict reproductive toxicity in early drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Feng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; Technology Innovation Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, Shenyang, 110036, China; Engineering Laboratory for Molecular Simulation and Designing of Drug Molecules of Liaoning, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Shimeng Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Tianzhou Yang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Pengyu Yang
- School of Information, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Isaiah Tuvia Arkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Technology Innovation Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Shenyang, Shenyang, 110036, China; Engineering Laboratory for Molecular Simulation and Designing of Drug Molecules of Liaoning, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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15
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Feng T, Cao L, Wu W, Qin K. Comprehensive identification, fragmentation pattern, and metabolic pathways of gefitinib metabolites via UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS: in vivo study of rat plasma, urine, bile, and faeces. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:355-365. [PMID: 33269993 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1859642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib, the first approved inhibitor for oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been proved to be effective in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation. However, there are many metabolites of gefitinib that have not been identified in vivo. This study aims to identify the metabolites of gefitinib and its metabolic pathways in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) detector. Protein precipitation, solid-phase and ultrasonic extraction were used for the pre-treatment of plasma, urine, bile and faeces samples. In this study, a total of 28 compounds were identified in rat plasma, 29 in bile, 20 in urine and 16 in faeces. 20 new compounds were firstly reported as metabolites of gefitinib. Reduction, hydroxylation, dealkylation and dehalogenation were the major metabolic pathways in phase I. For phase II, the main pathways were sulphate and glucuronide conjugation. The fragment ions of gefitinib and its metabolites were usually generated via the fracture of C1-O bond of propoxy on the C6 position of aniline quinazoline ring. The results may be valuable and important for understanding the metabolic process of gefitinib in clinical application and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
| | - Kunming Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, P. R. China
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16
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Dafniet B, Cerisier N, Audouze K, Taboureau O. Drug-target-ADR Network and Possible Implications of Structural Variants in Adverse Events. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e2000116. [PMID: 32725965 PMCID: PMC8047896 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are of major concern in drug safety. However, due to the biological complexity of human systems, understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in development of ADRs remains a challenging task. Here, we applied network sciences to analyze a tripartite network between 1000 drugs, 1407 targets, and 6164 ADRs. It allowed us to suggest drug targets susceptible to be associated to ADRs and organs, based on the system organ class (SOC). Furthermore, a score was developed to determine the contribution of a set of proteins to ADRs. Finally, we identified proteins that might increase the susceptibility of genes to ADRs, on the basis of knowledge about genomic structural variation in genes encoding proteins targeted by drugs. Such analysis should pave the way to individualize drug therapy and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Dafniet
- Université de ParisINSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 825175006ParisFrance
| | | | - Karine Audouze
- Université de ParisT3S, INSERM UMR S-112475006ParisFrance
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17
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Pasrija D, Gupta S, Hassinger A. Dantrolene-Induced Hepatitis: A Rare Culprit in the PICU. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020; 10:152-154. [PMID: 33884217 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene is used for reversal of malignant hyperthermia and for improvement in spasticity following stroke which are Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. It is an infrequently used medication in the pediatric intensive care unit and is usually continued from the operating room or sedation suite after suspicion for malignant hyperthermia, secondary to other medications and anesthetic agents. Hepatitis has been described as a side effect of the medication after prolonged use and at doses of more than 100 mg/d mainly in adults. We described in this case report a patient in which the drug was used for sympathetic overactivity in the PICU and development of asymptomatic hepatitis on day 3 after starting the medication at a dose much lower than previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divij Pasrija
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Oishei Children's Hospital, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Amanda Hassinger
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Oishei Children's Hospital, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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18
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Ji L. Synergy between Experiments and Computations: A Green Channel for Revealing Metabolic Mechanism of Xenobiotics in Chemical Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1539-1550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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19
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Dang NL, Matlock MK, Hughes TB, Swamidass SJ. The Metabolic Rainbow: Deep Learning Phase I Metabolism in Five Colors. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1146-1164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Le Dang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew K. Matlock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tyler B. Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - S. Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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20
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Kiani Y, Jabeen I. Lipophilic Metabolic Efficiency (LipMetE) and Drug Efficiency Indices to Explore the Metabolic Properties of the Substrates of Selected Cytochrome P450 Isoforms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:179-188. [PMID: 31956764 PMCID: PMC6963890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes belong to a superfamily of heme-containing proteins that are involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous compounds. Various proof-of-concept studies indicate that metabolic stability and intrinsic clearance of CYP450 substrates are linked with the respective lipophilicity (log P or log D). This necessitates the normalization of lipophilicity (log P or log D) of a given CYP450 substrate with respect to its metabolic stability (LipMetE) and intrinsic clearance (log10CLint,u). Therefore, in this article, the LipMetE values of already known substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, including some marketed drugs, have been calculated to elucidate the relationship between lipophilicity (log D 7.4) and in vitro clearance. Moreover, various drug efficiency metrics including lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and ligand efficiency (LE) have been evaluated, and the thresholds of these parameters have been defined for the CYP450 substrates exhibiting normalized LipMetE. Our results indicate that for a given range of LipMetE, greater the log D value of the substrate the more avidly it binds to a given CYP450 enzyme and shows more intrinsic clearance (log10CLint,u). Overall, the majority of the model substrates of CYP450 isoforms and already marketed drugs in our datasets exhibit log D 7.4 values of ∼2.5 with LipMetE values in the range of 0-2.5 and LipE values of ≤3. Overall, consideration of these parameters in ADME profiling could aid in reducing the drug failure rate in the later stages of clinical investigations.
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21
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Patel TS, Bhatt JD, Dixit RB, Chudasama CJ, Patel BD, Dixit BC. Design and synthesis of leucine-linked quinazoline-4(3H)-one-sulphonamide molecules distorting malarial reductase activity in the folate pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900099. [PMID: 31381192 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a modified Grimmel's method for N-heterocyclization of a leucine-linked sulfonamide side-arm at position 2 leading to 2,3-disustituted-4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones was accomplished. Further, 22 hybrid quinazolinone motifs (4a-v) were synthesized by N-heterocyclization reaction under microwave irradiation using the ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4 ]-H2 O as green solvent as well as the catalyst. The in vitro screening of the hybrid entities against the malarial species Plasmodium falciparum yielded five potent molecules 4l, 4n, 4o, 4t, and 4u owning antimalarial activity comparable to those of the reference drugs. In continuation, an in silico study was carried out to obtain a pharmacophoric model and quantitative structure-activity relationship. We also built a 3D-QSAR model to procure more information that could be applied to design new molecules with more potent Pf-DHFR inhibitory activity. The designed pharmacophore was recognized to be more potent for the selected molecules, exhibiting five pharmacophoric features. The active scaffolds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibition efficacy against alleged receptor Pf-DHFR computationally and in vitro, proving their candidature as lead dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, and the selectivity of the test candidates was ascertained by toxicity study against Vero cells. Good oral bioavailability was also proved by studying pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Industrial Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritu B Dixit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh D Patel
- Microbiology Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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22
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Patel TS, Bhatt JD, Dixit RB, Chudasama CJ, Patel BD, Dixit BC. Green synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking studies and 3D-QSAR analysis of novel phenylalanine linked quinazoline-4(3H)-one-sulphonamide hybrid entities distorting the malarial reductase activity in folate pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3574-3586. [PMID: 31272837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A modified Grimmel's method for N-heterocyclization of phenylalanine linked sulphonamide side arm at position-2 was optimized leading to 2,3-disustituted-4-quinazolin-(3H)-ones. Further, [Bmim][BF4]-H2O (IL) was used as green solvent as well as catalyst for the synthesis of twenty two hybrid quinazolinone motifs (4a-4v) by N-heterocyclization reaction using microwave irradiation technique. The in vitro screening of the hybrid entities against the malarial species Plasmodium falciparum yielded five potent molecules 4l, 4n, 4r, 4t & 4u owing comparable antimalarial activity to the reference drugs. In continuation, anin silicostudy was carried out to obtain a pharmacophoric model and quantitative structure activity relationship. We also built a 3D-QSAR model to procure more information that could be applied to design new molecules with more potent Pf-DHFR inhibitory activity. The designed pharmacophore was recognized to be more potent for the selected molecules, exhibiting five pharmacophoric features. The active scaffolds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibition efficacy against alleged receptor Pf-DHFR computationally and in vitro, proving their candidature as lead dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as well as the selectivity of the test candidates was ascertained by toxicity study against vero cells. The perception of good oral bioavailability was also proved by study of pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jaimin D Bhatt
- Industrial Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritu B Dixit
- Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388121, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya J Chudasama
- Department of Biochemistry, Shree Alpesh N. Patel P. G. Institute, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavesh D Patel
- Microbiology Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
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23
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Klenk JM, Kontny LH, Escobedo-Hinojosa W, Nebel BA, Hauer B. Oxyfunctionalization of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by filamentous-fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:724-738. [PMID: 31173436 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to expand the microbial biocatalyst platform to generate essential oxyfunctionalized standards for pharmaceutical, toxicological and environmental research. In particular, we examined the production of oxyfunctionalized nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by filamentous-fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS Four NSAIDs; diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and mefenamic acid were used as substrates for oxyfunctionalization in a biocatalytic process involving three filamentous-fungi strains; Beauveria bassiana, Clitocybe nebularis and Mucor hiemalis. Oxyfunctionalized metabolites that are major degradation intermediates formed by Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in human metabolism were produced in isolated yields of up to 99% using 1 g l-1 of substrate. In addition, a novel compound, 3',4'-dihydroxydiclofenac, was produced by B. bassiana. Proteomic analysis identified CYP548A5 that might be responsible for diclofenac oxyfunctionalization in B. bassiana. CONCLUSIONS Efficient fungi catalysed oxyfunctionalization was achieved when using NSAIDs as substrates. High purities and isolated yields of the produced metabolites were achieved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The lack of current efficient synthetic strategies for oxyfunctionalization of NSAIDs is a bottleneck to perform pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological analysis for the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, oxyfunctionalized derivatives are needed for tracking the fate and impact of such metabolites in the environment. Herein, we described a fungi catalysed process that surpasses previously reported strategies in terms of efficiency, to synthesize oxyfunctionalized NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klenk
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L H Kontny
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - W Escobedo-Hinojosa
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B A Nebel
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Hauer
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Landesmann B, Mennecozzi M, Berggren E, Whelan M. Adverse Outcome Pathway-based Screening Strategies for an Animal-free Safety Assessment of Chemicals. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 41:461-71. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291304100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Landesmann
- Systems Toxicology Unit and the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Milena Mennecozzi
- Systems Toxicology Unit and the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Elisabet Berggren
- Systems Toxicology Unit and the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- Systems Toxicology Unit and the EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
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25
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Wang J, Luo W, Li B, Lv J, Ke X, Ge D, Dong R, Wang C, Han Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Liao Y. Sagittaria sagittifolia polysaccharide protects against isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury via activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:237-245. [PMID: 30194055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Sagittaria sagittifolia L. polysaccharide (SSP) is a purified form of a homogeneous polysaccharide isolated from the root tubers of S. sagittifolia, which has been used as a protectant against hepatotoxicity induced by coadministration of isoniazid and rifampicin. However, the protective effect of SSP against isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced liver injury has never been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of SSP and its underlying mechanism were investigated in mice with isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver injury was induced in mice by intragastric administration of isoniazid and rifampicin, and the mice were divided into the following six groups: standard control (administration of saline by gavage), model (intragastric administration of isoniazid and rifampicin at 100 mg/kg/day each), positive control (100 mg/kg/day silymarin by gavage 4 h after isoniazid and rifampicin administration), and SSP-treated (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg/day SSP by gavage after isoniazid and rifampicin administration). Subsequently, blood and liver samples were collected from all the animals and were assessed. RESULTS SSP significantly alleviated the liver injury, as evidenced by decreased activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum and a decreased level of malondialdehyde in the liver, as well as by an increased level of glutathione and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver. SSP also effectively reduced the pathological tissue damage. The gene and protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and CYP3A4 was inhibited by SSP. The gene and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutamate-cysteine ligase, and heme oxygenase-1 were induced by SSP, whereas that of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS SSP exerts a protective effect against isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced liver injury in mice. The underlying mechanisms may involve activation of NRF2 and its target antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of the expression of CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weizao Luo
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medical, 34 Huangjuezhen Pass South Road, Nan'an Qu, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Bing Li
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junping Lv
- Beijing Institute of Biomedicine, 15 New Palace Gate Road, Haidian Qu, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiuhui Ke
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruijuan Dong
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Han
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haichuan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Seaborne, Dongcheng Qu, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Chinese Medical Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11N 3rd Ring Rd E, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing 100029, China.
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Falcão MAP, de Souza LS, Dolabella SS, Guimarães AG, Walker CIB. Zebrafish as an alternative method for determining the embryo toxicity of plant products: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35015-35026. [PMID: 30357668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological assessment of plant products and pharmaceutical chemicals is a necessary requirement to ensure that all compounds are safe to be exposed to humans. Many countries are trying to reduce the use of animals; thus, alternative techniques, such as ex vivo tests, in vitro assays, and ex uteri embryos, are used. Toxicological assays using zebrafish embryos are an advantageous technique because they are transparent, have rapid embryonic development, and do not require invasive techniques. This paper comprehensively reviews how toxicity testing with plant products is conducted in zebrafish embryos. The search terms zebra fish, Danio rerio, zebrafish, zebra danio, Brachydanio rerio, zebrafish, and embryos were used to search for English-language articles in PUBMED, SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE. Twelve articles on plant product toxicity studies using zebrafish were selected for reading and analysis. After analyzing the articles and comparing with results in mammals, it was possible to prove the similarity among the results and thus corroborate the further development of zebrafish as a valid tool in toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Pimentel Falcão
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacological Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacological Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Tropical Entomology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sâo Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays, Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Isabel Banderó Walker
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacological Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
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Huang S, Feng K, Ren Y. Molecular modelling studies of quinazolinone derivatives as MMP-13 inhibitors by QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations techniques. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 10:101-115. [PMID: 30774858 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00375k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is an attractive drug target for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, a series of quinazolinone derivatives as MMP-13 inhibitors were firstly systematically studied using QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The reliable CoMFA (q 2 = 0.646, r 2 = 0.992, R pred 2 = 0.829) and CoMSIA (q 2 = 0.704, r 2 = 0.992, R pred 2 = 0.839) models were constructed and verified by the Topomer CoMFA model. Results of contour maps indicated that the electrostatic, hydrophobic and H-bond acceptor fields primarily influenced the activity of MMP-13 inhibitors in the models. Several key residues (Ala238, Thr245, Thr247, Met253, Asn215 and Lys140) were identified as important factors to improve the activity and stability of the inhibitor through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Based on these results, eight novel quinazolinones (D1-D8) were further designed. Additionally, all designed compounds showed good pharmacokinetic properties by ADMET predictions. Compounds D3 and D8 exhibited excellent predictive activity, and the 10 ns MD simulations analysis revealed that the hydrogen bonding interaction with residues (Ser250 and Gly248) was enhanced, and the small group in R2 and U-shaped conformation was of pivotal importance. These results provided strong guidance for the discovery and design of novel potential MMP-13 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China .
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China .
| | - Yujie Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shanghai Institute of Technology , Shanghai , China .
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28
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Lou Y, Wang Q, Zheng J, Wang X, Jiang W, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Qiu Y, Zeng S. Identification of the Novel Capecitabine Metabolites in Capecitabine-Treated Patients with Hand-Foot Syndrome. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1069-1079. [PMID: 30230321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), the most common side effect of capecitabine, is a dose-limiting cutaneous toxicity with only rare therapeutic options. The causative mechanisms of HFS are still unclear. Many studies suggested that capecitabine or its metabolites caused the toxicity. This study is attempting to determine if there are any new metabolites that may be present and be linked to toxicity. For this purpose, 25 patients who ingested capecitabine orally were enrolled and divided into HFS positive and negative groups. Urine and plasma samples were collected before administration and five cycles after administration. Eleven phase I and phase II metabolites of capecitabine were detected and identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with a metabolomic approach and MetaboLynxXS. Nine novel metabolites of capecitabine were identified herein, which were not observed in the HFS negative group. Their structures were confirmed by chemical synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxities of capecitabine and its metabolites on HaCaT cells were measured. Among them, M9/10 exhibited significant inhibitory activity, and they were produced via acetylation mainly by N-acetyltransferase 2. Our study comprehensively described the metabolism of capecitabine in patients with HFS and detected the novel pathways of capecitabine, which was a positive significance for the mechanism of HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology , The 117th Hospital of PLA , 14 Lingyin Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310013 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
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29
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Pande P, Giambalvo M, Huang Z. Complementing preclinical safety assessments through genomic analyses. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Baba A, Yamada K, Satoh T, Watanabe K, Yoshioka T. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis, Structural and Stereochemical Characterization, and Intrinsic Degradation Kinetics of Diastereomers of 1-β- O-Acyl Glucuronides Derived from Racemic 2-{4-[(2-Methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino]phenyl}propanoic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4932-4940. [PMID: 31458709 PMCID: PMC6641924 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alminoprofen, (RS)-2-{4-[(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid (ALP) 1, is a racemic drug categorized as a 2-arylpropanoic acid-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Pharmacokinetic studies of 1 in patients have revealed that the corresponding acyl glucuronide 5 is a major urinary metabolite, but little is known about the structure and stereochemistry of 5. The present work describes the synthesis of a diastereomeric mixture of 1-β-O-acyl glucuronides (2RS)-5 from 1 and methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranuronate 2 using our chemo-enzymatic method that has complete specificity for the β-configuration. The structure of (2RS)-5 was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as by complete hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase. The absolute stereochemistry of (2RS)-5 was determined by comparison with (2R)-5 synthesized alternatively from (2R)-1 and 2. Compound (2R)-1 was prepared in two steps starting from chiral (R)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid (2R)-6. Chiral resolution of (2RS)-1 was achieved using a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography column, and its stereochemistry was determined by comparison with (2R)-1. The intrinsic degradation rate constant of (2R)-5 was 0.405 ± 0.002 h-1, which is approximately twice that of (2S)-5 (the k value was 0.226 ± 0.002 h-1) under physiological conditions (pH 7.40, 37 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Baba
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Koki Yamada
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Tadao Yoshioka
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
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Amano T, Fukami T, Ogiso T, Hirose D, Jones JP, Taniguchi T, Nakajima M. Identification of enzymes responsible for dantrolene metabolism in the human liver: A clue to uncover the cause of liver injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Dmitriev A, Rudik A, Filimonov D, Lagunin A, Pogodin P, Dubovskaja V, Bezhentsev V, Ivanov S, Druzhilovsky D, Tarasova O, Poroikov V. Integral estimation of xenobiotics’ toxicity with regard to their metabolism in human organism. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractToxicity and severe adverse effects are the primary cause of drug-candidate failures at the late stages of preclinical and clinical trials. Since most xenobiotics undergo biotransformations, their interaction with human organism reveals the effects produced by parent compounds and all metabolites. To increase the chances of successful drug development, estimation of the entire toxicity for drug substance and its metabolites is necessary for filtering out the potentially toxic compounds. We proposed the computational approach to the integral evaluation of xenobiotics’ toxicity based on the structural formula of the drug-like compound. In the framework of this study, the consensus QSAR model was developed based on the analysis of over 3000 compounds with information about their rat acute toxicity for intravenous route of administration. Four different numerical methods, estimating the integral toxicity, were proposed, and their comparative performance was studied using the external evaluation set consisting of 37 structures of drugs and 200 their metabolites. It was shown that, on the average, the best correspondence between the predicted and published data is obtained using the method that takes into account the estimated characteristics for both the parent compound and its most toxic metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dmitriev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Anastasia Rudik
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry Filimonov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Alexey Lagunin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
- Medico-biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Pavel Pogodin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Varvara Dubovskaja
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Vladislav Bezhentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
- Medico-biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry Druzhilovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Olga Tarasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Vladimir Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 bldg. 7 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 119121, Russia
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Wang Z, Shi X, Zhang H, Yu L, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhou J, Chen J, Shen X, Duan W. Discovery of cycloalkyl-fused N-thiazol-2-yl-benzamides as tissue non-specific glucokinase activators: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:128-152. [PMID: 28800453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) activators are being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, existing GK activators have risks of hypoglycemia caused by over-activation of GK in islet cells and dyslipidemia caused by over-activation of intrahepatic GK. In the effort to mitigate risks of hypoglycemia and dyslipidemia while maintaining the promising efficacy of GK activator, we investigated a series of cycloalkyl-fused N-thiazol-2-yl-benzamides as tissue non-specific partial GK activators, which led to the identification of compound 72 that showed a good balance between in vitro potency and enzyme kinetic parameters, and protected β-cells from streptozotocin-induced apoptosis. Chronic treatment of compound 72 demonstrated its potent activity in regulation of glucose homeostasis and low risk of dyslipidemia with diabetic db/db mice in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Moreover, acute treatment of compound 72 did not induce hypoglycemia in C57BL/6J mice even at 200 mg/kg via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Liang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xu Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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A novel humanized mouse lacking murine P450 oxidoreductase for studying human drug metabolism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28659616 PMCID: PMC5489481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Only one out of 10 drugs in development passes clinical trials. Many fail because experimental animal models poorly predict human xenobiotic metabolism. Human liver chimeric mice are a step forward in this regard, as the human hepatocytes in chimeric livers generate human metabolites, but the remaining murine hepatocytes contain an expanded set of P450 cytochromes that form the major class of drug-metabolizing enzymes. We therefore generated a conditional knock-out of the NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase (Por) gene combined with Il2rg− /−/Rag2− /−/Fah− /− (PIRF) mice. Here we show that homozygous PIRF mouse livers are readily repopulated with human hepatocytes, and when the murine Por gene is deleted (<5%), they predominantly use human cytochrome metabolism. When given the anticancer drug gefitinib or the retroviral drug atazanavir, the Por-deleted humanized PIRF mice develop higher levels of the major human metabolites than current models. Humanized, murine Por-deficient PIRF mice can thus predict human drug metabolism and should be useful for preclinical drug development. Human liver chimeric mice are increasingly used for drug testing in preclinical development, but express residual murine p450 cytochromes. Here the authors generate mice lacking the Por gene in the liver, and show that human cytochrome metabolism is used following repopulation with human hepatocytes.
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Dang NL, Hughes TB, Miller GP, Swamidass SJ. Computational Approach to Structural Alerts: Furans, Phenols, Nitroaromatics, and Thiophenes. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1046-1059. [PMID: 28256829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural alerts are commonly used in drug discovery to identify molecules likely to form reactive metabolites and thereby become toxic. Unfortunately, as useful as structural alerts are, they do not effectively model if, when, and why metabolism renders safe molecules toxic. Toxicity due to a specific structural alert is highly conditional, depending on the metabolism of the alert, the reactivity of its metabolites, dosage, and competing detoxification pathways. A systems approach, which explicitly models these pathways, could more effectively assess the toxicity risk of drug candidates. In this study, we demonstrated that mathematical models of P450 metabolism can predict the context-specific probability that a structural alert will be bioactivated in a given molecule. This study focuses on the furan, phenol, nitroaromatic, and thiophene alerts. Each of these structural alerts can produce reactive metabolites through certain metabolic pathways but not always. We tested whether our metabolism modeling approach, XenoSite, can predict when a given molecule's alerts will be bioactivated. Specifically, we used models of epoxidation, quinone formation, reduction, and sulfur-oxidation to predict the bioactivation of furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs. Our models separated bioactivated and not-bioactivated furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs with AUC performances of 100%, 73%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. Metabolism models accurately predict whether alerts are bioactivated and thus serve as a practical approach to improve the interpretability and usefulness of structural alerts. We expect that this same computational approach can be extended to most other structural alerts and later integrated into toxicity risk models. This advance is one necessary step toward our long-term goal of building comprehensive metabolic models of bioactivation and detoxification to guide assessment and design of new therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Le Dang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tyler B Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is a significant cause of acute liver failure and liver transplantation. Diagnosis is challenging due to the idiosyncratic nature, its presentation in the form of other liver disease, and the lack of a definite diagnostic criteria. Generation of reactive metabolites, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are common mechanisms involved in DIH. Certain risk factors associated with a drug and within an individual further predispose patients to DIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ibrahim Shehu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3rd Floor Salk Pavillion, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3rd Floor Salk Pavillion, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 718 Salk Hall, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Brannen KC, Chapin RE, Jacobs AC, Green ML. Alternative Models of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity in Pharmaceutical Risk Assessment and the 3Rs. ILAR J 2017; 57:144-156. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Gul T, Bischoff R, Permentier HP. Mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation of lidocaine at a Pt electrode under acidic conditions. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Kohyama A, Fukuda M, Sugiyama S, Yamakoshi H, Kanoh N, Ishioka C, Shibata H, Iwabuchi Y. Reversibility of the thia-Michael reaction of cytotoxic C 5-curcuminoid and structure-activity relationship of bis-thiol-adducts thereof. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10683-10687. [PMID: 27801454 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
C5-curcuminoids [a.k.a. bis(arylmethylidene)acetones] are curcumin analogues bearing a reactive cross-conjugated dienone structure essential for eliciting cytotoxicity. To gain insight into the mode of action of C5-curcuminoids, we investigated the reversibility of the thia-Michael reaction of 1,5-bis(3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one, named GO-Y030 which is the most potent cytotoxic C5-curcuminoid, using spectroscopic methods. A panel of GO-Y030-bis-thiol-adducts were synthesized and the structure-reactivity relationship regarding the retro thia-Michael reaction as well as the cell growth inhibitory activity against human colon cancer HCT116 were evaluated. Some C5-curcuminoid thiol-adducts exhibited comparable cytotoxicity with GO-Y030, demonstrating their potential use as prodrugs. These results imply that C5-curcuminoids elicit cytotoxicity by covalently interacting with various biothiols via a reversible thia-Michael reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kohyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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40
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James MO, Jahn SC, Zhong G, Smeltz MG, Hu Z, Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic applications of dichloroacetate and the role of glutathione transferase zeta-1. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:166-180. [PMID: 27771434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) has several therapeutic applications based on its pharmacological property of inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. DCA has been used to treat inherited mitochondrial disorders that result in lactic acidosis, as well as pulmonary hypertension and several different solid tumors, the latter through its ability to reverse the Warburg effect in cancer cells and restore aerobic glycolysis. The main clinically limiting toxicity is reversible peripheral neuropathy. Although administration of high doses to rodents can result in liver cancer, there is no evidence that DCA is a human carcinogen. In all studied species, including humans, DCA has the interesting property of inhibiting its own metabolism upon repeat dosing, resulting in alteration of its pharmacokinetics. The first step in DCA metabolism is conversion to glyoxylate catalyzed by glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), for which DCA is a mechanism-based inactivator. The rate of GSTZ1 inactivation by DCA is influenced by age, GSTZ1 haplotype and cellular concentrations of chloride. The effect of DCA on its own metabolism complicates the selection of an effective dose with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States.
| | - Stephan C Jahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Marci G Smeltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0226, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Metabolism and bioactivation of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline in human liver microsomes and human urine. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1365-81. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Amitriptyline is a widely used tricyclic antidepressant, but the metabolic studies were conducted almost 20 years ago using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detector or radiolabeled methods. Results: First, multiple ion monitoring (MIM)- enhanced product ion (EPI) scan was used to obtain the diagnostic ions or neutral losses in human liver microsome incubations with amitriptyline. Subsequently, predicted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-EPI scan was used to identify the metabolites in human urine with the diagnostic ions or neutral losses. Finally, product ion filtering and neutral loss filtering were used as the data mining tools to screen metabolites. Consequently, a total of 28 metabolites were identified in human urine after an oral administration using LC–MS/MS. Conclusion: An integrated workflow using LC–MS/MS was developed to comprehensively profile the metabolites of amitriptyline in human urine, in which five N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates were characterized as tentative biomarkers for idiosyncratic toxicity.
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Rana P, Will Y, Nadanaciva S, Jones LH. Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4003-6. [PMID: 27397500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites. In order to reduce attrition due to metabolism-induced toxicity and to improve the safety of drug candidates, we developed a simple cell viability assay by combining a bioactivation system (human CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9) with Hep3B cells. We screened a series of drugs to explore structural motifs that may be responsible for CYP450-dependent activation caused by reactive metabolite formation, which highlighted specific liabilities regarding certain phenols and anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rana
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Yvonne Will
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Sashi Nadanaciva
- Compound Safety Prediction, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, 610 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Thompson RA, Isin EM, Ogese MO, Mettetal JT, Williams DP. Reactive Metabolites: Current and Emerging Risk and Hazard Assessments. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:505-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Thompson
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Emre M. Isin
- DMPK, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Monday O. Ogese
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome T. Mettetal
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dominic P. Williams
- Translational Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, United Kingdom
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Jaladanki CK, Taxak N, Varikoti RA, Bharatam PV. Toxicity Originating from Thiophene Containing Drugs: Exploring the Mechanism using Quantum Chemical Methods. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2364-76. [PMID: 26574776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug metabolism of thiophene containing substrates by cytochrome P450s (CYP450) leads to toxic side effects, for example, nephrotoxicity (suprofen, ticlopidine), hepatotoxicity (tienilic acid), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (clopidogrel), and aplastic anemia (ticlopidine). The origin of toxicity in these cases has been attributed to two different CYP450 mediated metabolic reactions: S-oxidation and epoxidation. In this work, the molecular level details of the bioinorganic chemistry associated with the generation of these competitive reactions are reported. Density functional theory was utilized (i) to explore the molecular mechanism for S-oxidation and epoxidation using the radical cationic center Cpd I [(iron(IV)-oxo-heme porphine system with SH(-) as the axial ligand, to mimic CYP450s] as the model oxidant, (ii) to establish the 3D structures of the reactants, transition states, and products on both the metabolic pathways, and (iii) to examine the potential energy (PE) profile for both the pathways to determine the energetically preferred toxic metabolite formation. The energy barrier required for S-oxidation was observed to be 14.75 kcal/mol as compared to that of the epoxidation reaction (13.23 kcal/mol) on the doublet PE surface of Cpd I. The formation of the epoxide metabolite was found to be highly exothermic (-23.24 kcal/mol), as compared to S-oxidation (-8.08 kcal/mol). Hence, on a relative scale the epoxidation process was observed to be thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable. The energy profiles associated with the reactions of the S-oxide and epoxide toxic metabolites were also explored. This study helps in understanding the CYP450-catalyzed toxic reactions of drugs containing the thiophene ring at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Jaladanki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector-67, S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Taxak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector-67, S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Rohith A Varikoti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector-67, S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Sector-67, S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), 160 062 Punjab, India
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45
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Lassila T, Rousu T, Mattila S, Chesné C, Pelkonen O, Turpeinen M, Tolonen A. Formation of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites in human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, HepaRG-cells, and human hepatocytes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:345-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Most of what we know about a drug prior to human clinical studies is derived from animal testing. Because animals and humans have substantial differences in their physiology and in their drug metabolism pathways, we do not know very much about the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of a drug in humans until after it is administered to many people. Hence, drug-induced liver injury has become a significant public health problem, and we have a very inefficient drug development process with a high failure rate. Because the human liver is at the heart of these problems, chimeric mice with humanized livers could be used to address these issues. We examine recent evidence indicating that drug testing in chimeric mice could provide better information about a drug's metabolism, disposition, and toxicity (i.e., its "behavior") in humans and could aid in developing personalized medicine strategies, which would improve drug efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;
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47
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Kim DM, Kim H, Yeon JH, Lee JH, Park HO. Identification of a Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Affecting Cardiotoxicity of Sunitinib Using a Genome-Wide Screening on S. pombe Deletion Library. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:4-14. [PMID: 26385865 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the targets genome-wide. The anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is known to induce cardiotoxicity. Here, to understand the molecular insights of cardiotoxicity by sunitinib at the genome level, we used a genome-wide drug target screening technology (GPScreen) that measures drug-induced haploinsufficiency (DIH) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome-wide deletion library and found a mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POG1). In the results, sunitinib induced more severe cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in POG1-deleted heterozygous mutants compared to wild type (WT) of S. pombe. Furthermore, knockdown of the human ortholog POLG of S. pombe POG1 in human cells significantly increased the cytotoxicity of sunitinib. Notably, sunitinib dramatically decreased the levels of POLG mRNAs and proteins, of which downregulation was already known to induce mitochondrial damage of cardiomyocytes, causing cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that POLG might play a crucial role in mitochondrial damage as a gene of which expressional pathway is targeted by sunitinib for cardiotoxicity, and that genome-wide drug target screening with GPScreen can be applied to drug toxicity target discovery to understand the molecular insights regarding drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Myung Kim
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yeon
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- GPScreen Team, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon 306-220, Republic of Korea
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48
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49
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Engel J, Richters A, Getlik M, Tomassi S, Keul M, Termathe M, Lategahn J, Becker C, Mayer-Wrangowski S, Grütter C, Uhlenbrock N, Krüll J, Schaumann N, Eppmann S, Kibies P, Hoffgaard F, Heil J, Menninger S, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Heuckmann JM, Tinnefeld V, Zahedi RP, Sos ML, Schultz-Fademrecht C, Thomas RK, Kast SM, Rauh D. Targeting Drug Resistance in EGFR with Covalent Inhibitors: A Structure-Based Design Approach. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6844-63. [PMID: 26275028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases represent one of the prime targets in cancer therapy, as the dysregulation of these elementary transducers of extracellular signals, like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), contributes to the onset of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Strong efforts were directed to the development of irreversible inhibitors and led to compound CO-1686, which takes advantage of increased residence time at EGFR by alkylating Cys797 and thereby preventing toxic effects. Here, we present a structure-based approach, rationalized by subsequent computational analysis of conformational ligand ensembles in solution, to design novel and irreversible EGFR inhibitors based on a screening hit that was identified in a phenotype screen of 80 NSCLC cell lines against approximately 1500 compounds. Using protein X-ray crystallography, we deciphered the binding mode in engineered cSrc (T338M/S345C), a validated model system for EGFR-T790M, which constituted the basis for further rational design approaches. Chemical synthesis led to further compound collections that revealed increased biochemical potency and, in part, selectivity toward mutated (L858R and L858R/T790M) vs nonmutated EGFR. Further cell-based and kinetic studies were performed to substantiate our initial findings. Utilizing proteolytic digestion and nano-LC-MS/MS analysis, we confirmed the alkylation of Cys797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Engel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - André Richters
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthäus Getlik
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck Society , Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marina Keul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin Termathe
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck Society , Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jonas Lategahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Svenja Mayer-Wrangowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Grütter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Uhlenbrock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simone Eppmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Kibies
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Hoffgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jochen Heil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sascha Menninger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Weyertal 115b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes M Heuckmann
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Weyertal 115b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Tinnefeld
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. , D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Martin L Sos
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Weyertal 115b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne , Kerpenerstraße 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Weyertal 115b, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Cologne , Joseph-Stelzmann Straße 9, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan M Kast
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck Society , Otto-Hahn-Straße 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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50
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Ren X, Yorke JA, Taylor E, Zhang T, Zhou W, Wong LL. Drug Oxidation by Cytochrome P450BM3 : Metabolite Synthesis and Discovering New P450 Reaction Types. Chemistry 2015; 21:15039-47. [PMID: 26311271 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is intense interest in late-stage catalytic C-H bond functionalization as an integral part of synthesis. Effective catalysts must have a broad substrate range and tolerate diverse functional groups. Drug molecules provide a good test of these attributes of a catalyst. A library of P450BM3 mutants developed from four base mutants with high activity for hydrocarbon oxidation produced human metabolites of a panel of drugs that included neutral (chlorzoxazone, testosterone), cationic (amitriptyline, lidocaine) and anionic (diclofenac, naproxen) compounds. No single mutant was active for all the tested drugs but multiple variants in the library showed high activity with each compound. The high conversions enabled full product characterization that led to the discovery of the new P450 reaction type of oxidative decarboxylation of an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid and the formation a protected imine from an amine, offering a novel route to α-functionalization of amines. The substrate range and varied product profiles suggest that this library of enzymes is a good basis for developing late-stage C-H activation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Jake A Yorke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Emily Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QR (UK)
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P. R. China)
| | - Weihong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P. R. China).
| | - Luet Lok Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QR (UK).
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