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He S, Wang J, Zhou L, Mao Z, Zhang X, Cai J, Huang P. Enhanced hepatic metabolic perturbation of polystyrene nanoplastics by UV irradiation-induced hydroxyl radical generation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:259-268. [PMID: 38527891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of and risks associated with nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted considerable attention. However, compared to pristine NPs, environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that lead to changes in the toxicity of NPs have rarely been studied. We evaluated the changes in morphology and physicochemical properties of polystyrene (PS) NPs before and after UV irradiation, and compared their hepatotoxicity in mice. The results showed that UV irradiation caused particle size reduction and increased the carbonyl index (CI) and negative charge on the particle surface. UV-aged PS NPs (aPS NPs) could induce the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), but also further promoted the generation of ·OH in the Fenton reaction system. Hepatic pathological damage was more severe in mice exposed to aPS NPs, accompanied by a large number of vacuoles and hepatocyte balloon-like changes and more marked perturbations in blood glucose and serum lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, exposure to PS NPs and aPS NPs, especially aPS NPs, triggered oxidative stress and significantly damaged the antioxidant capacity of mice liver. Compared with PS NPs, exposure to aPS NPs increased the number of altered metabolites in hepatic and corresponding metabolic pathways, especially glutathione metabolism. Our research suggests that UV irradiation can disrupt the redox balance in organisms by promoting the production of ·OH, enhancing PS NPs-induced liver damage and metabolic disorders. This study will help us understand the health risks of NPs and to avoid underestimation of the risks of NPs in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingran Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Peili Huang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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2
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He S, Cai J, Jia T, Mao Z, Zhou L, Zhang X, Jiang S, Huang P. New Sight of Renal Toxicity Caused by UV-Aged Polystyrene Nanoplastics: Induced Ferroptosis via Adsorption of Transferrin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309369. [PMID: 38175859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Secondary nanoplastics (NPs) caused by degradation and aging due to environmental factors are the main source of human exposure, and alterations in the physicochemical and biological properties of NPs induced by environmental factors cannot be overlooked. In this study, pristine polystyrene (PS) NPs to obtain ultraviolet (UV)-aged PS NPs (aPS NPs) as secondary NPs is artificially aged. In a mouse oral exposure model, the nephrotoxicity of PS NPs and aPS NPs is compared, and the results showed that aPS NPs exposure induced more serious destruction of kidney tissue structure and function, along with characteristic changes in ferroptosis. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that aPS NPs-induced cell death in human renal tubular epithelial cells involved ferroptosis, which is supported by the use of ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. Notably, it is discovered that aPS NPs can enhance the binding of serum transferrin (TF) to its receptor on the cell membrane by forming an aPS-TF complex, leading to an increase in intracellular Fe2+ and then exacerbation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which render cells more sensitive to ferroptosis. These findings indicated that UV irradiation can alter the physicochemical and biological properties of NPs, enhancing their kidney biological toxicity risk by inducing ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu He
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianjiang Jia
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peili Huang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Jung YJ, Muneeswaran T, Choi JS, Kim S, Han JH, Cho WS, Park JW. Modified toxic potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a two-year incubation in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132763. [PMID: 37839374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), widely used in several industrial fields, are not readily degradable thus, persist in environmental matrices, serving as a source of environmental toxicity to organisms. However, the effects of environmental weathering on nanomaterial toxicity remain unclear. Herein, we prepared aged-MWCNTs (a-CNTs) by incubating commercial pristine-MWCNTs (p-CNTs) for two years and compared their changes in physicochemical properties and toxic effects on zebrafish. The characterization of a-CNTs by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed an increased surface area, pore size, structural defects, and surface oxidation than those of p-CNTs. Zebrafish were exposed to 100 mg/L p-CNT and a-CNT for four days. Subsequently, the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, including cat, gst, and sod, in a-CNT group increased by 1.5- to 1.7-fold, consistent with increased expression of genes associated with inflammation (interleukin-8) and apoptosis (p53) compared to control. The higher toxicity of a-CNTs to zebrafish than p-CNT might be due to the increased oxidative potential by altered physicochemical properties. These findings provide new insights into the risk assessment and environmental management of MWCNTs in the aquatic environment. However, further testing at environmentally relevant doses, different exposure durations, and diverse weathering parameters is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Joo Jung
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Choi
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Han
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Joint Research Center for Alternative and Predictive Toxicology (JRC-APT), Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Goyal N, Nawaz A, Chandel KS, Devnarayan D, Gupta L, Singh S, Khan MS, Lee M, Sharma AK. A cohesive effort to assess the suitability and disparity of carbon nanotubes for water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124832-124853. [PMID: 36168008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Population growth, industrialization, and the extensive use of chemicals in daily life have all contributed to an increase in waste generation and an intensified release of organic pollutants into the aquatic environment. To ensure the quality of water (including natural resources), the removal of these pollutants from wastewater has become a challenging task for scientific community. Conventional physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are commonly used in combinations and are not very effective. Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerged as the most reliable and adaptable choice for efficient water treatment due to their extraordinary material properties appearing as a single-step solution for water treatment. High surface area, exceptional porosities, hollow and layered structures, and ease of chemical activation and functionalization are some properties which makes it excellent adsorption material. Hence, this review paper discusses the recent advances in the synthesis, purification, and functionalization of CNTs for water and wastewater treatment. In addition, this study also also provides a quick overview of CNTs-based advance technologies employed in water treatment and carefully assesses the benefits versus risks during large-scale water treatment. Furthermore, it concludes that identified risks to the environment and human health cannot be easily ignored and strict regulatory requirements are a must for producing low-cost innoxious CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Goyal
- Department of Allied Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Alam Nawaz
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 749-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuldeep Singh Chandel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Devraja Devnarayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 3AL, UK
| | - Lalit Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Department of Allied Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mohd Shariq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dhofar University, 211, Salalah, Oman
| | - Moonyong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 749-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Science Clusters and Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India.
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Bengalli RD, Zerbi G, Lucotti A, Catelani T, Mantecca P. Carbon nanotubes: Structural defects as stressors inducing lung cell toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110613. [PMID: 37353135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is matter of concern since very long time. However, their mechanism of toxicity is still not yet well defined. In this work, the role of structural defects as organic stressors of CNTs able to trigger their potential toxicity is investigated. Four commercial CNTs, with different carbon purity grade, are morphologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the relative amount of structural defects are estimated through Raman spectroscopy, by measuring the intensity ratio D/G (ID/IG). The oxidative potential of CNTs is evaluated with cytochrome-C assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Data show that CNTs with larger amounts of structural defects (higher ID/IG ratio) induce an increased ROS generation and consequent cytotoxicity and cellular damage, shown by TEM images of CNTs-cells interaction. Raman analyses of cells exposed to CNTs point out that the spectra of the CNTs inside the cells show no differences with respect of the signal recorded for cell-free CNTs, evidencing their biopersistence in lung cells. Raman spectra cannot provide direct indication of the existence of metals as impurity. It follows that the intensity ratio ID/IG can be taken as a predictive marker of the toxicity of a given CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Daniela Bengalli
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zerbi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Catelani
- Microscopy Facility, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
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Bartoli M, Piatti E, Tagliaferro A. A Short Review on Nanostructured Carbon Containing Biopolymer Derived Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061567. [PMID: 36987346 PMCID: PMC10056897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new scaffolds and materials for tissue engineering is a wide and open realm of material science. Among solutions, the use of biopolymers represents a particularly interesting area of study due to their great chemical complexity that enables creation of specific molecular architectures. However, biopolymers do not exhibit the properties required for direct application in tissue repair-such as mechanical and electrical properties-but they do show very attractive chemical functionalities which are difficult to produce through in vitro synthesis. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon fillers could represent a robust solution to enhance composite properties, producing composites with new and unique features, particularly relating to electronic conduction. In this paper, we provide a review of the field of carbonaceous nanostructure-containing biopolymer composites, limiting our investigation to tissue-engineering applications, and providing a complete overview of the recent and most outstanding achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Erik Piatti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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7
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Plant and Microbial Approaches as Green Methods for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010463. [PMID: 36615655 PMCID: PMC9823860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique biological and physicochemical characteristics of biogenic (green-synthesized) nanomaterials (NMs) have attracted significant interest in different fields, with applications in the agrochemical, food, medication delivery, cosmetics, cellular imaging, and biomedical industries. To synthesize biogenic nanomaterials, green synthesis techniques use microorganisms, plant extracts, or proteins as bio-capping and bio-reducing agents and their role as bio-nanofactories for material synthesis at the nanoscale size. Green chemistry is environmentally benign, biocompatible, nontoxic, and economically effective. By taking into account the findings from recent investigations, we shed light on the most recent developments in the green synthesis of nanomaterials using different types of microbes and plants. Additionally, we cover different applications of green-synthesized nanomaterials in the food and textile industries, water treatment, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the future perspectives of the green synthesis of nanomaterials to advance their production and applications.
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Zhou Q, Li D, Zhang S, Wang S, Hu X. Quantum dots bind nanosheet to promote nanomaterial stability and resist endotoxin-induced fibrosis and PM 2.5-induced pneumonia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113420. [PMID: 35298970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a harmful substance commonly found in various environments that causes lung fibrosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also increases the risk of respiratory diseases. Through sulfur-carbon bonds and the edge S effect, GOQDs were used to bind in single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS2) nanosheets to synthesize SLMoS2@GOQDs heterojunction structures. GOQDs doping greatly increased the water solubility and stabilized of SLMoS2. SLMoS2@GOQDs with catalase-like activity protected cells from ultrastructural and cytomembrane damage and apoptosis induced by LPS. Moreover, the doping of GOQDs enhanced the escape of SLMoS2@GOQDs from cellular uptake and suppressed the release of Mo ions. Nanosheet-cell interface interactions that were regulated by quantum dots supported these positive effects. Immunofluorescence analysis and cell imaging confirmed that the nanomaterial protected against cell injury by regulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the secretion of relevant cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, SLMoS2@GOQDs also mitigated pneumonia caused by PM2.5 in vivo. Collectively, our findings not only provide a simple and effective approach to control lung diseases (caused by LPS or PM2.5), but also reveal the potential value of heterojunction materials in the fields of toxicology and human health, boosting the application of nanotechnology in the fields of ecotoxicology and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Suyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Murphy F, Dekkers S, Braakhuis H, Ma-Hock L, Johnston H, Janer G, di Cristo L, Sabella S, Jacobsen NR, Oomen AG, Haase A, Fernandes T, Stone V. An integrated approach to testing and assessment of high aspect ratio nanomaterials and its application for grouping based on a common mesothelioma hazard. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100314. [PMID: 35559971 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) to support the grouping of different types (nanoforms; NFs) of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials (HARNs), based on their potential to cause mesothelioma. Hazards posed by the inhalation of HARNs are of particular concern as they exhibit physical characteristics similar to pathogenic asbestos fibres. The approach for grouping HARNs presented here is part of a framework to provide guidance and tools to group similar NFs and aims to reduce the need to assess toxicity on a case-by-case basis. The approach to grouping is hypothesis-driven, in which the hypothesis is based on scientific evidence linking critical physicochemical descriptors for NFs to defined fate/toxicokinetic and hazard outcomes. The HARN IATA prompts users to address relevant questions (at decision nodes; DNs) regarding the morphology, biopersistence and inflammatory potential of the HARNs under investigation to provide the necessary evidence to accept or reject the grouping hypothesis. Each DN in the IATA is addressed in a tiered manner, using data from simple in vitro or in silico methods in the lowest tier or from in vivo approaches in the highest tier. For these proposed methods we provide justification for the critical descriptors and thresholds that allow grouping decisions to be made. Application of the IATA allows the user to selectively identify HARNs which may pose a mesothelioma hazard, as demonstrated through a literature-based case study. By promoting the use of alternative, non-rodent approaches such as in silico modelling, in vitro and cell-free tests in the initial tiers, the IATA testing strategy streamlines information gathering at all stages of innovation through to regulatory risk assessment while reducing the ethical, time and economic burden of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Murphy
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Dept of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Karmakar S. Selective synthesis of DC carbon arc-generated carbon nanotube and layered-graphene and the associated mechanism. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:105602. [PMID: 33238259 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcdcd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report how an anode is eroded and the eroded mass is deposited on the cathode surface at different arc currents ([Formula: see text]) in a DC carbon arc discharge using roughly oriented graphite (ROG) as electrodes. It was found that the nature of anode erosion critically depends on [Formula: see text] and has profound effects on the morphology of the as-synthesized cathode deposits (CDs), the conversion efficiency of the system to form the CDs and their compositions. By characterizing the as-synthesized CDs in their totality by transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction it was found that there exists a critical value of [Formula: see text] below which the arc remains constricted, and above which the arc becomes intense. It was further found that the system can selectively generate both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and layered-graphene sheets (LGs) when the carbon arc runs in constricted and intense modes, respectively. By the suitable adjustment of [Formula: see text] it is possible to switchover between the aforementioned arc-modes. Based on the experimental results, a semi-empirical model encompassing the plausible effects of rapid and random movement of the anode spot on the used ROG anode surface was developed to provide new insights into the growth mechanism of arc-generated CNTs and LGs. The state-of-the-art presented in this paper could facilitate the carbon arc discharge route for the tailored synthesis of highly crystalline CNTs and LGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Karmakar
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Off-Campus Deoghar, Deoghar 814142, Jharkhand, India
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11
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Lison D, Ibouraadaten S, van den Brule S, Todea M, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Bonner JC, Ameloot M, Bové H. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy: a new tool to assess the in vitro delivered dose of carbon nanotubes in cell culture experiments. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:9. [PMID: 33602232 PMCID: PMC7890618 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro models are widely used in nanotoxicology. In these assays, a careful documentation of the fraction of nanomaterials that reaches the cells, i.e. the in vitro delivered dose, is a critical element for the interpretation of the data. The in vitro delivered dose can be measured by quantifying the amount of material in contact with the cells, or can be estimated by applying particokinetic models. For carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the determination of the in vitro delivered dose is not evident because their quantification in biological matrices is difficult, and particokinetic models are not adapted to high aspect ratio materials. Here, we applied a rapid and direct approach, based on femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy (FPLM), to assess the in vitro delivered dose of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Methods and results We incubated mouse lung fibroblasts (MLg) and differentiated human monocytic cells (THP-1) in 96-well plates for 24 h with a set of different MWCNTs. The cytotoxic response to the MWCNTs was evaluated using the WST-1 assay in both cell lines, and the pro-inflammatory response was determined by measuring the release of IL-1β by THP-1 cells. Contrasting cell responses were observed across the MWCNTs. The sedimentation rate of the different MWCNTs was assessed by monitoring turbidity decay with time in cell culture medium. These turbidity measurements revealed some differences among the MWCNT samples which, however, did not parallel the contrasting cell responses. FPLM measurements in cell culture wells revealed that the in vitro delivered MWCNT dose did not parallel sedimentation data, and suggested that cultured cells contributed to set up the delivered dose. The FPLM data allowed, for each MWCNT sample, an adjustment of the measured cytotoxicity and IL-1β responses to the delivered doses. This adjusted in vitro activity led to another toxicity ranking of the MWCNT samples as compared to the unadjusted activities. In macrophages, this adjusted ranking was consistent with existing knowledge on the impact of surface MWCNT functionalization on cytotoxicity, and might better reflect the intrinsic activity of the MWCNT samples. Conclusion The present study further highlights the need to estimate the in vitro delivered dose in cell culture experiments with nanomaterials. The FPLM measurement of the in vitro delivered dose of MWCNTs can enrich experimental results, and may refine our understanding of their interactions with cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00402-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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12
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Lynch I, Afantitis A, Exner T, Himly M, Lobaskin V, Doganis P, Maier D, Sanabria N, Papadiamantis AG, Rybinska-Fryca A, Gromelski M, Puzyn T, Willighagen E, Johnston BD, Gulumian M, Matzke M, Green Etxabe A, Bossa N, Serra A, Liampa I, Harper S, Tämm K, Jensen ACØ, Kohonen P, Slater L, Tsoumanis A, Greco D, Winkler DA, Sarimveis H, Melagraki G. Can an InChI for Nano Address the Need for a Simplified Representation of Complex Nanomaterials across Experimental and Nanoinformatics Studies? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2493. [PMID: 33322568 PMCID: PMC7764592 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoinformatics has developed efficient ways of representing chemical structures for small molecules as simple text strings, simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI), which are machine-readable. In particular, InChIs have been extended to encode formalized representations of mixtures and reactions, and work is ongoing to represent polymers and other macromolecules in this way. The next frontier is encoding the multi-component structures of nanomaterials (NMs) in a machine-readable format to enable linking of datasets for nanoinformatics and regulatory applications. A workshop organized by the H2020 research infrastructure NanoCommons and the nanoinformatics project NanoSolveIT analyzed issues involved in developing an InChI for NMs (NInChI). The layers needed to capture NM structures include but are not limited to: core composition (possibly multi-layered); surface topography; surface coatings or functionalization; doping with other chemicals; and representation of impurities. NM distributions (size, shape, composition, surface properties, etc.), types of chemical linkages connecting surface functionalization and coating molecules to the core, and various crystallographic forms exhibited by NMs also need to be considered. Six case studies were conducted to elucidate requirements for unambiguous description of NMs. The suggested NInChI layers are intended to stimulate further analysis that will lead to the first version of a "nano" extension to the InChI standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Thomas Exner
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Martin Himly
- Department Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Vladimir Lobaskin
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Philip Doganis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Maier
- Biomax Informatics AG, Robert-Koch-Str. 2, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
| | - Natasha Sanabria
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Anastasios G. Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Rybinska-Fryca
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Aleja Grunwaldzka 190/102, 80-266 Gdansk, Poland; (A.R.-F.); (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics—BiGCaT, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Blair D. Johnston
- Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; (N.S.); (M.G.)
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Marianne Matzke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, UK; (M.M.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Nathan Bossa
- LEITAT Technological Center, Circular Economy Business Unit, C/de La Innovació 2, 08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Irene Liampa
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Stacey Harper
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall 105 SW 26th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Kaido Tämm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Alexander CØ Jensen
- The National Research Center for the Work Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Misvik Biology OY, Karjakatu 35 B, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Luke Slater
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andreas Tsoumanis
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - David A. Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora 3086, Australia;
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- CSIRO Data61, Pullenvale 4069, Australia
| | - Haralambos Sarimveis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece; (P.D.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Nanoinformatics Department, NovaMechanics Ltd., 1666 Nicosia, Cyprus; (A.A.); (A.T.)
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13
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Gutiérrez-Hernández JM, Castorena-Alejandro C, Pozos-Guillén A, Toriz-González G, Flores H, Escobar-García DM. Gene expression profile involved in signaling and apoptosis of osteoblasts in contact with cellulose/MWCNTs scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111531. [PMID: 33255084 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression profile of genes involved in signaling, intracellular and extracellular Ca+2 concentration and apoptosis pathways of osteoblasts in contact with a scaffold made of a composite of BCN/MWCNTs. Osteoblasts were cultivated on BCN, MWCNTs and their mixtures. Osteoblast RNA was extracted for sintering cDNA to amplify genes of interest by PCR; intra- and extracellular calcium (Ca2+) was also quantified. Regarding the genes that participate in the regulation paths (MAPK and NF-KB), it was found that only the expression of NF-KB was affected in all treatments. The expression of VEGFA increased, except in the treatment of high concentration of MWCNTs, where remained unchanged. The expression of genes Apaf-1 and Bcl-2/Bax and TP53 increased as compared to the control (except for TP53 in BC and C1/MWCNTs) indicating that cells are responding to the presence of BCN-MWCNTs composites scaffolds. The results suggest that osteoblast developed a modification in the expression profile of genes that actively participate in cellular processes such as proliferation, vasculogenesis and apoptosis, which may be modulated by the increase of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Castorena-Alejandro
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz-González
- Department of Wood, Cellulose and Paper Research, University of Guadalajara, 45110 Guadalajara, Mexico; Transdisciplinar Institute for Research and Services, University of Guadalajara, 45150 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Diana María Escobar-García
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico.
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14
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Taylor-Just AJ, Ihrie MD, Duke KS, Lee HY, You DJ, Hussain S, Kodali VK, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Potara M, Todea M, van den Brule S, Lison D, Bonner JC. The pulmonary toxicity of carboxylated or aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice is determined by the prior purification method. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:60. [PMID: 33243293 PMCID: PMC7690083 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) poses a potential risk to human health. In order to safeguard workers and consumers, the toxic properties of MWCNTs need to be identified. Functionalization has been shown to either decrease or increase MWCNT-related pulmonary injury, depending on the type of modification. We, therefore, investigated both acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity of a library of MWCNTs derived from a common pristine parent compound (NC7000). Methods MWCNTs were thermally or chemically purified and subsequently surface functionalized by carboxylation or amination. To evaluate pulmonary toxicity, male C57BL6 mice were dosed via oropharyngeal aspiration with either 1.6 or 4 mg/kg of each MWCNT type. Mitsui-7 MWCNT was used as a positive control. Necropsy was performed at days 3 and 60 post-exposure to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results At day 3 all MWCNTs increased the number of neutrophils in BALF. Chemical purification had a greater effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1) in BALF, while thermal purification had a greater effect on pro-fibrotic cytokines (CCL2, OPN, TGF-β1). At day 60, thermally purified, carboxylated MWCNTs had the strongest effect on lymphocyte numbers in BALF. Thermally purified MWCNTs caused the greatest increase in LDH and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, the thermally purified and carboxyl- or amine-functionalized MWCNTs caused the greatest number of granulomatous lesions in the lungs. The physicochemical characteristics mainly associated with increased toxicity of the thermally purified derivatives were decreased surface defects and decreased amorphous content as indicated by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the purification method is an important determinant of lung toxicity induced by carboxyl- and amine-functionalized MWCNTs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Mark D Ihrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Katherine S Duke
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with unique graphitic structure, superior mechanical, electrical, optical and biological properties, has attracted more and more interests in biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensor and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the role of CNTs and their polymeric composites in tissue engineering applications, with emphasis on their usages in the nerve, cardiac and bone tissue regenerations. The intrinsic natures of CNTs including their physical and chemical properties are first introduced, explaining the structure effects on CNTs electrical conductivity and various functionalization of CNTs to improve their hydrophobic characteristics. Biosafety issues of CNTs are also discussed in detail including the potential reasons to induce the toxicity and their potential strategies to minimise the toxicity effects. Several processing strategies including solution-based processing, polymerization, melt-based processing and grafting methods are presented to show the 2D/3D construct formations using the polymeric composite containing CNTs. For the sake of improving mechanical, electrical and biological properties and minimising the potential toxicity effects, recent advances using polymer/CNT composite the tissue engineering applications are displayed and they are mainly used in the neural tissue (to improve electrical conductivity and biological properties), cardiac tissue (to improve electrical, elastic properties and biological properties) and bone tissue (to improve mechanical properties and biological properties). Current limitations of CNTs in the tissue engineering are discussed and the corresponded future prospective are also provided. Overall, this review indicates that CNTs are promising “next-generation” materials for future biomedical applications.
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16
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The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101930. [PMID: 32992617 PMCID: PMC7601794 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biological response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is related to their physicochemical properties and a thorough MWNT characterization should accompany an assessment of their biological activity, including their potential toxicity. Beyond characterizing the physicochemical properties of MWNTs from different sources or manufacturers, it is also important to characterize different production lots of the same MWNT product from the same vendor (i.e., lot-to-lot batch consistency). Herein, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of two lots of commercial pristine MWNTs (pMWNTs) and carboxylated MWNTs (cMWNTs) used to study the response of mammalian macrophages to MWNTs. There were many similarities between the physicochemical properties of the two lots of cMWNTs and neither significantly diminished the 24-h proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages up to the highest concentration tested (200 μg cMWNTs/mL). Conversely, several physicochemical properties of the two lots of pMWNTs were different; notably, the newer lot of pMWNTs displayed less oxidative stability, a higher defect density, and a smaller amount of surface oxygen species relative to the original lot. Furthermore, a 72-h half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of ~90 µg pMWNTs/mL was determined for RAW 264.7 cells with the new lot of pMWNTs. These results demonstrate that subtle physicochemical differences can lead to significantly dissimilar cellular responses, and that production-lot consistency must be considered when assessing the toxicity of MWNTs.
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17
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Carbon Nanotubes under Scrutiny: Their Toxicity and Utility in Mesothelioma Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the toxicity of engineered carbon nanotubes (CNT) was initiated by Belgian academic chemists and toxicologists more than 15 years ago. It is now undisputed that some of these attractive nanomaterials induce serious illness such as fibrosis and cancer. The physico-chemical determinants of CNT-induced adverse effects are now elucidated and include shape, nanoscale diameter, and structural defects. Generated in vitro and in vivo data on their inflammogenic and fibrogenic activities were combined and translated in AOP (adverse outcome pathways) available for risk assessment and regulatory policies. The asbestos-like carcinogenic effect of CNT, notably their capacity to induce malignant mesothelioma (MM), remain, however, a cause of concern for public health and strongly curb the craze for CNT in industries. MM still represents a real challenge for clinicians and a highly refractory cancer to existing therapeutic strategies. By comparing mesotheliomagenic CNT (needle-like CNT-N) to non mesotheliomagenic CNT (tangled-like CNT-T), our group generated a relevant animal model that highlights immune pathways specifically associated to the carcinogenic process. Evidence indicates that only CNT-N possess the intrinsic capacity to induce a preferential, rapid, and sustained accumulation of host immunosuppressive cells that subvert immune surveillance and suppress anti-mesothelioma immunity. This new concept offers novel horizons for the clinical management of mesothelioma and represents an additional tool for predicting the mesotheliomagenic activity of newly elaborated CNT or nanoparticles.
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18
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Persaud I, Raghavendra AJ, Paruthi A, Alsaleh NB, Minarchick VC, Roede JR, Podila R, Brown JM. Defect-induced electronic states amplify the cellular toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:145-161. [PMID: 31553248 PMCID: PMC7036006 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1668067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in numerous applications, including sunscreens, cosmetics, textiles, and electrical devices. Increased consumer and occupational exposure to ZnO NPs potentially poses a risk for toxicity. While many studies have examined the toxicity of ZnO NPs, little is known regarding the toxicological impact of inherent defects arising from batch-to-batch variations. It was hypothesized that the presence of varying chemical defects in ZnO NPs will contribute to cellular toxicity in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Pristine and defected ZnO NPs (oxidized, reduced, and annealed) were prepared and assessed three major cellular outcomes; cytotoxicity/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ZnO NPs chemical defects were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence. Increased toxicity was observed in defected ZnO NPs compared to the pristine NPs as measured by cell viability, ER stress, and glutathione redox potential. It was determined that ZnO NPs induced ER stress through the PERK pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of chemical defects to the toxicity of ZnO NPs, which should be considered in the risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indushekhar Persaud
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Achyut J. Raghavendra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA
| | - Archini Paruthi
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, IN
| | - Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Valerie C. Minarchick
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James R. Roede
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Lee DK, Jeon S, Jeong J, Yu IJ, Song KS, Kang A, Yun WS, Kim JS, Cho WS. Potential Role of Soluble Metal Impurities in the Acute Lung Inflammogenicity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020379. [PMID: 32098206 PMCID: PMC7075329 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have variable metal impurities, but little is known about the impact of soluble metal impurities on the toxicity of MWCNTs. Here, we evaluated the role of soluble metal impurities to the acute inflammogenic potential of MWCNTs, using five types of high purity MWCNTs (>95%). MWCNTs and their soluble fractions collected at 24 h after incubation in phosphate-buffered saline showed diverse metal impurities with variable concentrations. The fiber-free soluble fractions produced variable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the iron level was the key determinant for ROS production. The acute inflammation at 24 h after intratracheal instillation of MWCNTs to rats at 0.19, 0.63, and 1.91 mg MWCNT/kg body weight (bw) or fiber-free supernatants from MWCNT suspensions at 1.91 and 7.64 mg MWCNT/kg bw showed that the number of granulocytes, a marker for acute inflammation, was significantly increased with a good dose-dependency. The correlation study showed that neither the levels of iron nor the ROS generation potential of the soluble fractions showed any correlations with the inflammogenic potential. However, the total concentration of transition metals in the soluble fractions showed a good correlation with the acute lung inflammogenic potential. These results implied that metal impurities, especially transitional metals, can contribute to the acute inflammogenic potential of MWCNTs, although the major parameter for the toxicity of MWCNTs is size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCTm Co., LTD., 74, Seoicheon-ro 578 beon-gil Majang-myeon, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17383, Korea;
| | - Kyung Seuk Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Aeyeon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (A.K.); (W.S.Y.)
| | - Wan Soo Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (A.K.); (W.S.Y.)
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada;
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (S.J.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-51-200-7563
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Hassan A, Saeed A, Afzal S, Shahid M, Amin I, Idrees M. Applications and hazards associated with carbon nanotubes in biomedical sciences. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1724151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afraz Saeed
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Amin
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Molecular Virology and Infectious Diseases, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shi J, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang B, Shu L, Yang Y, Ren M, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen W, Chai Y, Tao X. Smart Textile-Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901958. [PMID: 31273850 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The programmable nature of smart textiles makes them an indispensable part of an emerging new technology field. Smart textile-integrated microelectronic systems (STIMES), which combine microelectronics and technology such as artificial intelligence and augmented or virtual reality, have been intensively explored. A vast range of research activities have been reported. Many promising applications in healthcare, the internet of things (IoT), smart city management, robotics, etc., have been demonstrated around the world. A timely overview and comprehensive review of progress of this field in the last five years are provided. Several main aspects are covered: functional materials, major fabrication processes of smart textile components, functional devices, system architectures and heterogeneous integration, wearable applications in human and nonhuman-related areas, and the safety and security of STIMES. The major types of textile-integrated nonconventional functional devices are discussed in detail: sensors, actuators, displays, antennas, energy harvesters and their hybrids, batteries and supercapacitors, circuit boards, and memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Shi
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Su Liu
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lin Shu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southern China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming Ren
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoming Tao
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Yan L, Zhao F, Wang J, Zu Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. A Safe-by-Design Strategy towards Safer Nanomaterials in Nanomedicines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805391. [PMID: 30701603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The marriage of nanotechnology and medicine offers new opportunities to fight against human diseases. Benefiting from their unique optical, thermal, magnetic, or redox properties, a wide range of nanomaterials have shown potential in applications such as diagnosis, drug delivery, or tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the considerable success achieved over the past decades, the newly emerging nanomedicines still suffer from an incomplete understanding of their safety risks, and of the relationships between their physicochemical characteristics and safety profiles. Herein, the most important categories of nanomaterials with clinical potential and their toxicological mechanisms are summarized, and then, based on this available information, an overview of the principles in developing safe-by-design nanomaterials for medical applications and of the recent progress in this field is provided. These principles may serve as a starting point to guide the development of more effective safe-by-design strategies and to help identify the major knowledge and skill gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
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Chen C, Huang Y. Enhanced photoreactivity of amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes under sunlight in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1577-1584. [PMID: 29913618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the hydrophobic nature of pristine carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to make them available for intended applications, chemically covalent functionalization tailoring these materials is widely applied. However, the addition of surface functional moieties often changes the fundamental properties of the parent materials and introduces great variations that hinder a full understanding of and unified conclusions about their environmental implications. In this work, we studied the photoactivity of covalently functionalized CNTs in the aquatic environment under sunlight irradiation. The results indicate an enhanced photoreactivity of CNTs with amine functional groups resulting from a greater excited triplet state formation and a restored electronic structure after the secondary functionalization. Photogenerated singlet oxygen was produced directly through a photosensitization process in which the photoexcited CNTs transferred energy to oxygen, as well as produced indirectly from the aqueous reactions of superoxide radical. The superior photoreactive behaviors of engineered nanomaterials with amine functionalization in terms of reactive oxygen species generation in aquatic environments not only raise ecological concerns, but also render these functionalized engineered nanomaterials useful as water treatment agents against pollutants or microorganisms that can be destroyed by singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Felley-Bosco E, MacFarlane M. Asbestos: Modern Insights for Toxicology in the Era of Engineered Nanomaterials. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:994-1008. [PMID: 30156102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos fibers are naturally occurring silicates that have been extensively used in the past, including house construction, but because of their toxicity, their use has been banned in 63 countries. Despite this, more than one million metric tons of asbestos are still consumed annually in countries where asbestos use has not been banned. Asbestos-related disease incidence is still increasing in several countries, including those countries that banned the use of asbestos more than 30 years ago. We highlight here recent knowledge obtained in experimental models about the mechanisms leading to tumor development following asbestos exposure, including genetic and epigenetic changes. Importantly, the landscape of alterations observed experimentally in tumor samples is consistent with alterations observed in clinical tumor samples; therefore, studies performed on early/precancer stages should help inform secondary prevention, which remains crucial in the absence of an efficient primary prevention. Knowledge gathered on asbestos should also help address future challenges, especially in view of the increased production of new materials that may behave similarly to asbestos fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , University Hospital Zurich , Sternwartstrasse 14 , 8091 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
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25
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Ndika JDT, Sund J, Alenius H, Puustinen A. Elucidating differential nano-bio interactions of multi-walled andsingle-walled carbon nanotubes using subcellular proteomics. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:554-570. [PMID: 29688820 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1465141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between adverse exposure events and specific material properties will facilitate predictive classification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) according to their mechanisms of action, and a safe-by-design approach for the next generation of CNTs. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is a reliable tool to uncover the molecular dynamics of hazardous exposures, yet challenges persist with regards to its limited dynamic range when sampling whole organisms, tissues or cell lysates. Here, the simplicity of the sub-cellular proteome was harnessed to unravel distinctive adverse exposure outcomes at the molecular level, between two CNT subtypes. A549, MRC9 and human macrophage cells, were exposed for 24h to non-cytotoxic doses of single-walled or multi-walled CNTs (swCNTs or mwCNTs). Label-free proteomics on enriched cytoplasmic fractions was complemented with analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial integrity. The extent/number of modulated proteoforms indicated the single-walled variant was more bioactive. Greater enrichment of pathways corresponding to oxido-reductive activity was consistent with greater intracellular ROS induction and mitochondrial dysfunction capacities of swCNTs. Other compromised cellular functions, as revealed by pathway analysis were; ribosome, spliceosome and DNA repair. Highly upregulated proteins (fold change in abundance >6) such as, APOC3, RBP4 and INS are also highlighted as potential markers of hazardous CNT exposure. We conclude that, changes in cytosolic proteome abundance resulting from nano-bio interactions, elucidate adverse response pathways and their distinctive molecular components. Our results indicate that CNT-protein interactions might have a thus far unappreciated significance for protein trafficking, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D T Ndika
- a Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jukka Sund
- b Systems Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- a Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anne Puustinen
- d Department of Clinical Chemistry , Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries because of their stability, enhanced metallic, and electrical properties. CNTs are also being investigated for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems and biosensors. However, the toxic potential of CNTs was reported in various cell lines and animal models. The toxicity depends on diverse properties of the CNTs, such as length, aspect ratio, surface area, degree of aggregation, purity, concentration, and dose. In addition, CNTs and/or associated contaminants were well known for oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and granuloma in lungs. The increased production of CNTs likely enhanced the possibility of its exposure in people. Studies on the toxicity of CNTs are mainly focused on the pulmonary effects after intratracheal administration, and only a few studies are reported about the toxicity of CNTs via other routes of exposure. So, it is essential to consider the chronic toxicity of CNTs before using them for various biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential toxicities of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Fukushima S, Kasai T, Umeda Y, Ohnishi M, Sasaki T, Matsumoto M. Carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: challenging issue on hazard assessment. J Occup Health 2018; 60:10-30. [PMID: 29046510 PMCID: PMC5799097 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0102-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report reviews the carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in experimental animals, concentrating on MWNT-7, a straight fibrous MWCNT. METHODS MWCNTs were administered to mice and rats by intraperitoneal injection, intrascrotal injection, subcutaneous injection, intratracheal instillation and inhalation. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of MWNT-7 induced peritoneal mesothelioma in mice and rats. Intrascrotal injection induced peritoneal mesothelioma in rats. Intratracheal instillation of MWCNT-N (another straight fibrous MWCNT) induced both lung carcinoma and pleural mesothelioma in rats. In the whole body inhalation studies, in mice MWNT-7 promoted methylcholanthrene-initiated lung carcinogenesis. In rats, inhalation of MWNT-7 induced lung carcinoma and lung burdens of MWNT-7 increased with increasing concentration of airborne MWNT-7 and increasing duration of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Straight, fibrous MWCNTs exerted carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Phagocytosis of MWCNT fibers by macrophages was very likely to be a principle factor in MWCNT lung carcinogenesis. Using no-observed-adverse-effect level-based approach, we calculated that the occupational exposure limit (OEL) of MWNT-7 for cancer protection is 0.15 μg/m3 for a human worker. Further studies on the effects of the shape and size of MWCNT fibers and mode of action on the carcinogenicity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
- Association for Promotion of Research on Risk Assessment
| | - Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
| | - Yumi Umeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
| | - Toshiaki Sasaki
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
| | - Michiharu Matsumoto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety
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Mishra NS, Kuila A, Nawaz A, Pichiah S, Leong KH, Jang M. Engineered Carbon Nanotubes: Review on the Role of Surface Chemistry, Mechanistic Features, and Toxicology in the Adsorptive Removal of Aquatic Pollutants. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu S. Mishra
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology [ISM], Dhanbad; Dhanbad- 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Aneek Kuila
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology [ISM], Dhanbad; Dhanbad- 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology [ISM], Dhanbad; Dhanbad- 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Saravanan Pichiah
- Environmental Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology [ISM], Dhanbad; Dhanbad- 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman; Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat; 31900 Kampar, Perak Malaysia
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Wolgye-dong Nowon-Gu; Seoul South Korea
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29
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Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite/carbon nanotube electrospun fibers for biomedical/dental application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:387-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Møller P, Jacobsen NR. Weight of evidence analysis for assessing the genotoxic potential of carbon nanotubes. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:867-884. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1367755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Kaufmann A, Hampel S, Rieger C, Kunhardt D, Schendel D, Füssel S, Schwenzer B, Erdmann K. Systematic evaluation of oligodeoxynucleotide binding and hybridization to modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:53. [PMID: 28716122 PMCID: PMC5513106 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to conventional chemotherapeutics, nucleic acid-based therapeutics like antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) represent a novel approach for the treatment of bladder cancer (BCa). An efficient delivery of AS-ODN to the urothelium and then into cancer cells might be achieved by the local application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In the present study, pristine MWCNT and MWCNT functionalized with hydrophilic moieties were synthesized and then investigated regarding their physicochemical characteristics, dispersibility, biocompatibility, cellular uptake and mucoadhesive properties. Finally, their binding capacity for AS-ODN via hybridization to carrier strand oligodeoxynucleotides (CS-ODN), which were either non-covalently adsorbed or covalently bound to the different MWCNT types, was evaluated. RESULTS Pristine MWCNT were successfully functionalized with hydrophilic moieties (MWCNT-OH, -COOH, -NH2, -SH), which led to an improved dispersibility and an enhanced dispersion stability. A viability assay revealed that MWCNT-OH, MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH were most biocompatible. All MWCNT were internalized by BCa cells, whereupon the highest uptake was observed for MWCNT-OH with 40% of the cells showing an engulfment. Furthermore, all types of MWCNT could adhere to the urothelium of explanted mouse bladders, but the amount of the covered urothelial area was with 2-7% rather low. As indicated by fluorescence measurements, it was possible to attach CS-ODN by adsorption and covalent binding to functionalized MWCNT. Adsorption of CS-ODN to pristine MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-NH2 as well as covalent coupling to MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH resulted in the best binding capacity and stability. Subsequently, therapeutic AS-ODN could be hybridized to and reversibly released from the CS-ODN coupled via both strategies to the functionalized MWCNT. The release of AS-ODN at experimental conditions (80 °C, buffer) was most effective from CS-ODN adsorbed to MWCNT-OH and MWCNT-NH2 as well as from CS-ODN covalently attached to MWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-NH2 and MWCNT-SH. Furthermore, we could exemplarily demonstrate that AS-ODN could be released following hybridization to CS-ODN adsorbed to MWCNT-OH at physiological settings (37 °C, urine). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, functionalized MWCNT might be used as nanotransporters in antisense therapy for the local treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kaufmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Rieger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Darja Schendel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schwenzer
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Jiang W, Wang Q, Qu X, Wang L, Wei X, Zhu D, Yang K. Effects of charge and surface defects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the disruption of model cell membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:771-780. [PMID: 27664764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct contact between multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cell membranes causes membrane disruption, potentially leading to cytotoxicity. However, the role of electrostatic forces and MWCNT properties is still open to debate. In this study, the influences of charge and MWCNT surface defects on membrane disruption were investigated by microscopy and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Positively/negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) were made as model cell membranes. Negatively charged MWCNTs disrupted the GUVs containing positively charged lipids, which confirmed the electrostatically mediated interaction. However, the mass loss was detected from the negatively charged SLBs after MWCNT exposure, which suggests the extraction of phospholipids. The defect degree of MWCNTs correlated with their adhesion amount on the membranes. Both the oxygenated functional groups and unoxidized dangling carbon bonds were active sites for MWCNT-membrane interactions. The MWCNTs were observed to be engulfed inside the GUVs. The results clearly demonstrate that phospholipid extraction by MWCNTs could occur in electrostatically repulsive conditions, and MWCNT defects were active binding sites whether or not they were oxygenated. Our findings should be helpful in the design and safe applications of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kuempel ED, Jaurand MC, Møller P, Morimoto Y, Kobayashi N, Pinkerton KE, Sargent LM, Vermeulen RCH, Fubini B, Kane AB. Evaluating the mechanistic evidence and key data gaps in assessing the potential carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:1-58. [PMID: 27537422 PMCID: PMC5555643 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an evaluation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the IARC Monograph 111, the Mechanisms Subgroup was tasked with assessing the strength of evidence on the potential carcinogenicity of CNTs in humans. The mechanistic evidence was considered to be not strong enough to alter the evaluations based on the animal data. In this paper, we provide an extended, in-depth examination of the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies according to current hypotheses on the carcinogenicity of inhaled particles and fibers. We cite additional studies of CNTs that were not available at the time of the IARC meeting in October 2014, and extend our evaluation to include carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Finally, we identify key data gaps and suggest research needs to reduce uncertainty. The focus of this review is on the cancer risk to workers exposed to airborne CNT or CNF during the production and use of these materials. The findings of this review, in general, affirm those of the original evaluation on the inadequate or limited evidence of carcinogenicity for most types of CNTs and CNFs at this time, and possible carcinogenicity of one type of CNT (MWCNT-7). The key evidence gaps to be filled by research include: investigation of possible associations between in vitro and early-stage in vivo events that may be predictive of lung cancer or mesothelioma, and systematic analysis of dose-response relationships across materials, including evaluation of the influence of physico-chemical properties and experimental factors on the observation of nonmalignant and malignant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen D Kuempel
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- b Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche , UMR 1162 , Paris , France
- c Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes , Paris , France
- d University Institute of Hematology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Diderot , Paris , France
- e University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Saint-Denis , France
| | - Peter Møller
- f Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- g Department of Occupational Pneumology , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu City , Japan
| | | | - Kent E Pinkerton
- i Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , California , USA
| | - Linda M Sargent
- j National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- k Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bice Fubini
- l Department of Chemistry and "G.Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Agnes B Kane
- m Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Erdmann K, Ringel J, Hampel S, Wirth MP, Fuessel S. Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1307-1317. [PMID: 28690966 PMCID: PMC5496539 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can sensitize prostate cancer (PCa) cells to platinum-based chemotherapeutics. In order to further verify this concept and to avoid a bias, the present study investigates the chemosensitizing potential of CNFs and CNTs to the conventional chemotherapeutics docetaxel (DTX) and mitomycin C (MMC), which have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action than platinum-based chemotherapeutics. DU-145 PCa cells were treated with DTX and MMC alone or in combination with the carbon nanomaterials. The impact of the monotreatments and the combinatory treatments on cellular function was then systematically analyzed by using different experimental approaches (viability, short-term and long-term proliferation, cell death rate). DTX and MMC alone reduced the viability of PCa cells to 94% and 68%, respectively, whereas a combined treatment with CNFs led to less than 30% remaining viable cells. Up to 17- and 7-fold higher DTX and MMC concentrations were needed in order to evoke a similar inhibition of viability as mediated by the combinatory treatments. In contrast, the dose of platinum-based chemotherapeutics could only be reduced by up to 3-fold by combination with carbon nanomaterials. Furthermore, combinatory treatments with CNFs led mostly to an additive inhibition of short- and long-term proliferation compared to the individual treatments. Also, higher cell death rates were observed in combinatory treatments than in monotreatments, e.g., a combination of MMC and CNFs more than doubled the cell death rate mediated by apoptosis. Combinations with CNTs showed a similar, but less pronounced impact on cellular functions. In summary, carbon nanomaterials in combination with DTX and MMC evoked additive to partly synergistic anti-tumor effects. CNFs and CNTs possess the ability to sensitize cancer cells to a wide range of structurally diverse chemotherapeutics and thus represent an interesting option for the development of multimodal cancer therapies. Co-administration of chemotherapeutics with carbon nanomaterials could result in a reduction of the chemotherapeutic dosage and thus limit systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Jessica Ringel
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, P.O. Box 270016, Dresden 01171, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Perkins BL, Naderi N. Carbon Nanostructures in Bone Tissue Engineering. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:877-899. [PMID: 28217212 PMCID: PMC5299584 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in developing biocompatible materials for treating bone loss or defects have dramatically changed clinicians' reconstructive armory. Current clinically available reconstructive options have certain advantages, but also several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. A wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials is being used to develop tissue-engineered bone. Many of these materials are currently in the clinical trial stage. METHODS A selective literature review was performed for carbon nanostructure composites in bone tissue engineering. RESULTS Incorporation of carbon nanostructures significantly improves the mechanical properties of various biomaterials to mimic that of natural bone. Recently, carbon-modified biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have been extensively investigated to potentially revolutionize biomaterials for bone regeneration. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the chemical and biophysical properties of carbon nanostructures and discusses their functionality in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lee Perkins
- Health Informatics Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Naghmeh Naderi
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Science (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Costa PM, Bourgognon M, Wang JTW, Al-Jamal KT. Functionalised carbon nanotubes: From intracellular uptake and cell-related toxicity to systemic brain delivery. J Control Release 2016; 241:200-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huaux F, d'Ursel de Bousies V, Parent MA, Orsi M, Uwambayinema F, Devosse R, Ibouraadaten S, Yakoub Y, Panin N, Palmai-Pallag M, van der Bruggen P, Bailly C, Marega R, Marbaix E, Lison D. Mesothelioma response to carbon nanotubes is associated with an early and selective accumulation of immunosuppressive monocytic cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:46. [PMID: 27549627 PMCID: PMC4994252 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The asbestos-like toxicity of some engineered carbon nanotubes (CNT), notably their capacity to induce mesothelioma, is a serious cause of concern for public health. Here we show that carcinogenic CNT induce an early and sustained immunosuppressive response characterized by the accumulation of monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (M-MDSC) that counteract effective immune surveillance of tumor cells. Methods Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with carcinogenic multi-walled Mitsui-7 CNT (CNT-7) or crocidolite asbestos. Peritoneal mesothelioma development and immune cell accumulation were assessed until 12 months. Leukocyte sub-populations were identified by recording expression of CD11b/c and His48 by flow cytometry. The immunosuppressive activity on T lymphocytes of purified peritoneal leukocytes was assessed in a co-culture assay with activated spleen cells. Results We demonstrate that long and short mesotheliomagenic CNT-7 injected in the peritoneal cavity of rats induced, like asbestos, an early and selective accumulation of monocytic cells (CD11b/cint and His48hi) which possess the ability to suppress polyclonal activation of T lymphocytes and correspond to M-MDSC. Peritoneal M-MDSC persisted during the development of peritoneal mesothelioma in CNT-7-treated rats but were only transiently recruited after non-carcinogenic CNT (CNT-M, CNT-T) injection. Peritoneal M-MDSC did not accumulate in mice which are resistant to mesothelioma development. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the initial pathogenic events induced by CNT, adding a new component to the adverse outcome pathway leading to mesothelioma development. The specificity of the M-MDSC response after carcinogenic CNT exposure highlights the interest of this response for detecting the ability of new nanomaterials to cause cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0158-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huaux
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Virginie d'Ursel de Bousies
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Astrid Parent
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Micaela Orsi
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raynal Devosse
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadtha Panin
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihaly Palmai-Pallag
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Bailly
- Bio and Soft Matter (BSMA), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Marega
- Departement of Chemistry, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53 bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Glinski A, Liebel S, Pelletier È, Voigt CL, Randi MAF, Campos SX, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Filipak Neto F. Toxicological interactions of silver nanoparticles and organochlorine pesticides in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:251-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1159770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Vietti G, Lison D, van den Brule S. Mechanisms of lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotubes: towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26926090 PMCID: PMC4772332 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental studies have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNT) can induce respiratory effects, including lung fibrosis. The cellular and molecular events through which these effects develop are, however, not clearly elucidated. The purpose of the present review was to analyze the key events involved in the lung fibrotic reaction induced by CNT and to assess their relationships. We thus address current knowledge and gaps with a view to draft an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concerning the fibrotic potential of CNT. As for many inhaled particles, CNT can indirectly activate fibroblasts through the release of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and pro-fibrotic (PDGF and TGF-β) mediators by inflammatory cells (macrophages and epithelial cells) via the induction of oxidative stress, inflammasome or NF-kB. We also highlight here direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts, which appear as a new mode of toxicity relatively specific for CNT. Direct effects of CNT on fibroblasts include the induction of fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen production via ERK 1/2 or Smad signaling. We also point out the physico-chemical properties of CNT important for their toxicity and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo effects. This knowledge provides evidence to draft an AOP for the fibrogenic activity of CNT, which allows developing simple in vitro models contributing to predict the CNT effects in lung fibrosis, and risk assessment tools for regulatory decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vietti
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pedata P, Petrarca C, Garzillo EM, Di Gioacchino M. Immunotoxicological impact of occupational and environmental nanoparticles exposure: The influence of physical, chemical, and combined characteristics of the particles. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:343-53. [PMID: 26684639 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015608933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While nanotechnology is growing exponentially, the knowledge of the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on public health and the environment is limited so far. Current nanomaterial research is focused on the applications of nanotechnology, whereas there is little information on exposure assessment and risk characterization associated with NPs. Therefore, it is essential that the factors influencing NPs associated hazards be studied. This review seeks to survey and evaluate the current literature in order to better understand the impact of both airborne and engineered NPs exposure, the mechanisms at the cellular level, and the factors influencing their immunotoxicity. In fact, NPs do have immunotoxicological significance, as immune cells in the bloodstream and tissues do act to eliminate or interact with NPs.Proper characterization of the NPs as well as understanding the processes occurring on the NPs surface when in contact with biological systems is crucial to predict or exclude toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pedata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Immunotoxicology and Allergy Unit, Ce.S.I., G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elpidio Maria Garzillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Ageing Science, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Pondman KM, Pednekar L, Paudyal B, Tsolaki AG, Kouser L, Khan HA, Shamji MH, Ten Haken B, Stenbeck G, Sim RB, Kishore U. Innate immune humoral factors, C1q and factor H, with differential pattern recognition properties, alter macrophage response to carbon nanotubes. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:2109-18. [PMID: 26169151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interaction between the complement system and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can modify their intended biomedical applications. Pristine and derivatised CNTs can activate complement primarily via the classical pathway which enhances uptake of CNTs and suppresses pro-inflammatory response by immune cells. Here, we report that the interaction of C1q, the classical pathway recognition molecule, with CNTs involves charge pattern and classical pathway activation that is partly inhibited by factor H, a complement regulator. C1q and its globular modules, but not factor H, enhanced uptake of CNTs by macrophages and modulated the pro-inflammatory immune response. Thus, soluble complement factors can interact differentially with CNTs and alter the immune response even without complement activation. Coating CNTs with recombinant C1q globular heads offers a novel way of controlling classical pathway activation in nanotherapeutics. Surprisingly, the globular heads also enhance clearance by phagocytes and down-regulate inflammation, suggesting unexpected complexity in receptor interaction. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) maybe useful in the clinical setting as targeting drug carriers. However, it is also well known that they can interact and activate the complement system, which may have a negative impact on the applicability of CNTs. In this study, the authors functionalized multi-walled CNT (MWNT), and investigated the interaction with the complement pathway. These studies are important so as to gain further understanding of the underlying mechanism in preparation for future use of CNTs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Pondman
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Neuro Imaging, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Lina Pednekar
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Basudev Paudyal
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Haseeb A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Bennie Ten Haken
- Neuro Imaging, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Stenbeck
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Uday Kishore
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK.
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Frank EA, Birch ME, Yadav JS. MyD88 mediates in vivo effector functions of alveolar macrophages in acute lung inflammatory responses to carbon nanotube exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:322-9. [PMID: 26272622 PMCID: PMC4623709 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are rapidly emerging as high-priority occupational toxicants. CNT powders contain fibrous particles that aerosolize readily in places of manufacture and handling, posing an inhalation risk for workers. Studies using animal models indicate that lung exposure to CNTs causes prolonged inflammatory responses and diffuse alveolar injury. The mechanisms governing CNT-induced lung inflammation are not fully understood but have been suggested to involve alveolar macrophages (AMs). In the current study, we sought to systematically assess the effector role of AMs in vivo in the induction of lung inflammatory responses to CNT exposures and investigate their cell type-specific mechanisms. Multi-wall CNTs characterized for various physicochemical attributes were used as the CNT type. Using an AM-specific depletion and repopulation approach in a mouse model, we unambiguously demonstrated that AMs are major effector cells necessary for the in vivo elaboration of CNT-induced lung inflammation. We further investigated in vitro AM responses and identified molecular targets which proved critical to pro-inflammatory responses in this model, namely MyD88 as well as MAPKs and Ca(2+)/CamKII. We further demonstrated that MyD88 inhibition in donor AMs abrogated their capacity to reconstitute CNT-induced inflammation when adoptively transferred into AM-depleted mice. Taken together, this is the first in vivo demonstration that AMs act as critical effector cell types in CNT-induced lung inflammation and that MyD88 is required for this in vivo effector function. AMs and their cell type-specific mechanisms may therefore represent potential targets for future therapeutic intervention of CNT-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Frank
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - M Eileen Birch
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Christou A, Stec AA, Ahmed W, Aschberger K, Amenta V. A review of exposure and toxicological aspects of carbon nanotubes, and as additives to fire retardants in polymers. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 46:74-95. [PMID: 26482549 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1082972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique physical, chemical, optical and electrical properties opening avenues for a large number of industrial applications. They have shown potential as fire retardant additives in polymers, reducing heat release rate and increasing time to ignition in a number of polymers. Relevant work on the types, properties and applications has been reviewed particularly considering their application in fire situations. There are concerns over the health risks associated with CNTs and many papers have likened CNTs to the health problems associated with asbestos. There are contradictions relating to the toxicity of CNTs with some papers reporting that they are toxic while others state the opposite. Directly comparing various studies is difficult because CNTs come in many combinations of size, type, purity levels and source. CNTs can potentially be released from polymers during the combustion process where human exposure may occur. While this review has shed some light regarding issues relating to toxicity under different fire scenarios much more thorough work is needed to investigate toxicity of CNTs and their evolution from CNT-polymer nanocomposites in order to reach firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Christou
- a Centre for Fire and Hazards Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Anna A Stec
- a Centre for Fire and Hazards Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- b School of Medicine, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , UK
| | - Karin Aschberger
- c Nanobiosciences Unit, European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy , and
| | - Valeria Amenta
- d European Chemical Agency , Annankatu 18 , Helsinki , Finland
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Vietti G, Ibouraadaten S, Palmai-Pallag M, Yakoub Y, Piret JP, Marbaix E, Lison D, van den Brule S. Towards predicting the lung fibrogenic activity of MWCNT: Key role of endocytosis, kinase receptors and ERK 1/2 signaling. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:488-500. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1088588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Boyles MS, Young L, Brown DM, MacCalman L, Cowie H, Moisala A, Smail F, Smith PJ, Proudfoot L, Windle AH, Stone V. Multi-walled carbon nanotube induced frustrated phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory conditions in macrophages are length dependent and greater than that of asbestos. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1513-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thompson D, Chen SC, Wang J, Pui DYH. Aerosol Emission Monitoring and Assessment of Potential Exposure to Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Manufacture of Polymer Nanocomposites. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015. [PMID: 26209597 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent animal studies have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may pose a significant health risk to those exposed in the workplace. To further understand this potential risk, effort must be taken to measure the occupational exposure to CNTs. Results from an assessment of potential exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) conducted at an industrial facility where polymer nanocomposites were manufactured by an extrusion process are presented. Exposure to MWCNTs was quantified by the thermal-optical analysis for elemental carbon (EC) of respirable dust collected by personal sampling. All personal respirable samples collected (n = 8) had estimated 8-h time weighted average (TWA) EC concentrations below the limit of detection for the analysis which was about one-half of the recommended exposure limit for CNTs, 1 µg EC/m(3) as an 8-h TWA respirable mass concentration. Potential exposure sources were identified and characterized by direct-reading instruments and area sampling. Area samples analyzed for EC yielded quantifiable mass concentrations inside an enclosure where unbound MWCNTs were handled and near a pelletizer where nanocomposite was cut, while those analyzed by electron microscopy detected the presence of MWCNTs at six locations throughout the facility. Through size selective area sampling it was identified that the airborne MWCNTs present in the workplace were in the form of large agglomerates. This was confirmed by electron microscopy where most of the MWCNT structures observed were in the form of micrometer-sized ropey agglomerates. However, a small fraction of single, free MWCNTs was also observed. It was found that the high number concentrations of nanoparticles, ~200000 particles/cm(3), present in the manufacturing facility were likely attributable to polymer fumes produced in the extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Thompson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sheng-Chieh Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Empa, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - David Y H Pui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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47
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Pothmann D, Simar S, Schuler D, Dony E, Gaering S, Le Net JL, Okazaki Y, Chabagno JM, Bessibes C, Beausoleil J, Nesslany F, Régnier JF. Lung inflammation and lack of genotoxicity in the comet and micronucleus assays of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes Graphistrength(©) C100 after a 90-day nose-only inhalation exposure of rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:21. [PMID: 26156627 PMCID: PMC4496819 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphistrength© C100 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) provide superior electrical and mechanical properties for various applications. The evaluation of the intrinsic hazard properties of Graphistrength© C100 is an essential step for safe use. A general feature of multiwalled carbon nanotubes after inhalation or intratracheal exposures is the induction of an inflammatory reaction in the lungs sometimes associated with local genotoxic effects. Methods After investigating different parameters for the aerosol generation and performing a 5-day inhalation range finding study, male and female Wistar rats were exposed nose-only for 90 days to target concentrations of 0.05, 0.25 and 5.0 mg/m3 air of Graphistrength© C100 and sacrificed 24 h and 90 days after the last exposure. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also collected and analyzed for inflammatory parameters. Twenty-four hours post-exposure, chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells were evaluated by the micronucleus test and DNA damages in the lung, kidney and liver cells by both the standard and the human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-modified comet assay. All studies were performed according to the OECD test guidelines. Results An inflammatory lung reaction and the release of inflammatory factors in the BALF were observed in all rats exposed to 5.0 mg/m3, associated with changes in the differential white blood cells counts. The slight changes in BALF parameters at 0.25 mg/m3 recovered and signs of lung clearance of the MWCNT were observed. No pathological changes were observed on the pleura. Neither increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes nor increase in percent DNA damage were observed at any concentration. Conclusions Lung inflammation characteristic of an overload with insoluble particles was observed after a 90-day exposure to 5.0 mg/m3 of Graphistrength© C100. Clear signs of clearance and recovery were observed at 0.25 mg/m3. No genotoxicity was detected locally in lung and distally in bone marrow, liver and kidney. Therefore, Graphistrength© C100 appears of low concern in term of local and systemic genotoxicity and a No-Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) of 0.25 mg/m3 (0.28 mg/m3 as actual concentration) was established for the repeated-dose toxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0096-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pothmann
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Zelgliweg 1, 4452, Itingen, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Simar
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, Cedex, France.
| | - Detlef Schuler
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Zelgliweg 1, 4452, Itingen, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Dony
- Harlan Cytotest Cell Research GmbH, In den Leppsteinwiesen 19, 64380, Rossdorf, Germany.
| | - Stéphane Gaering
- Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Zelgliweg 1, 4452, Itingen, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Loïc Le Net
- Le Net Pathology Consulting, 18 rue Henry Dunant, 37400, Amboise, France.
| | - Yoshi Okazaki
- AnaPath GmbH, Buchsweg 56, 4625, Oberbuchsiten, Switzerland.
| | - Jean Michel Chabagno
- Arkema France, Groupement de Recherches de Lacq (GRL), Laboratoires d'analyse de surface et microscopie et de chimie analytique, 64170, Lacq, France.
| | - Cécile Bessibes
- Arkema France, Groupement de Recherches de Lacq (GRL), Laboratoires d'analyse de surface et microscopie et de chimie analytique, 64170, Lacq, France.
| | - Julien Beausoleil
- Arkema France, Groupement de Recherches de Lacq (GRL), Laboratoires d'analyse de surface et microscopie et de chimie analytique, 64170, Lacq, France.
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr. Calmette, 59019, Lille, Cedex, France. .,UDSL, EA 4483, Département Toxicologie-Santé Publique-Environnement, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue du Pr. Laguesse, 59019, Lille, France.
| | - Jean-François Régnier
- Arkema France, Département Toxicologie et Environnement, 420 rue d' Estienne d' Orves, 92705, Colombes, France.
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48
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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49
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Werengowska-Ciećwierz K, Wiśniewski M, Terzyk AP, Roszek K, Czarnecka J, Bolibok P, Rychlicki G. Conscious Changes of Carbon Nanotubes Cytotoxicity by Manipulation with Selected Nanofactors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:730-41. [PMID: 25894948 PMCID: PMC4500856 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We discuss eight major challenges in the field of carbon nanomaterial toxicity. Generally, we pick up some of them, and the most important challenge is searching of the qualitative relationships between nanofactors and cytotoxicity. This is important since it can provide the possibility of conscious changes of carbon nanotubes cytotoxicity by manipulation with selected nanofactors. Therefore, the toxicity of a series of gradually oxidized carbon nanotubes is studied. We show, for the first time, that toxicity of those materials depends strongly on the ratio of acidic to basic group concentration—the higher is this ratio value, the more toxic are nanotubes. In this way, by changing this ratio, one can change toxicity. This correlation is more evident after ultrasonication, and it is connected with the accessibility of charged groups for interactions with proteins. Toxicity also depends on the ability of nanotubes for protein adsorption. We suggest that the changes in the protein composition of medium, especially lack of important growth factors, inhibit cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Werengowska-Ciećwierz
- Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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50
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Hu X, Zhou M, Zhou Q. Ambient water and visible-light irradiation drive changes in graphene morphology, structure, surface chemistry, aggregation, and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3410-3418. [PMID: 25686198 DOI: 10.1021/es503003y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behaviors and risks associated with graphene have attracted considerable attention. However, the fundamental effects of ambient water and visible-light irradiation on the properties and toxicity of graphene remain unknown. This work revealed that hydration and irradiation result in the transformation of large-sheet graphene to long-ribbon graphene. The thickness of the treated graphene decreased, and oxides were formed through the generation of singlet oxygen. In addition, hydration and irradiation resulted in greater disorder in the graphene structure and in the expansion of the d-spacing of the structure due to the introduction of water molecules and modifications of the functional groups. Oxidative modifications with two-stage (fast and low) kinetics enhanced the number of negative surface charges on the graphene and enhanced graphene aggregation. The above property alterations reduced the nanotoxicity of graphene to algal cells by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species, diminishing protein carbonylation and decreasing tail DNA. A comparative study using graphene oxide suggested that oxidative modifications could play an important role in inhibiting toxicological activity. This study provides a preliminary approach for understanding the environmental behaviors of graphene and avoids overestimating the risks of graphene in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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