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Riyas A, Kumar A, Chandran M, Jaleel A, Biju Kumar A. The venom proteome of three common scyphozoan jellyfishes (Chrysaora caliparea, Cyanea nozakii and Lychnorhiza malayensis) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from the coastal waters of India. Toxicon 2021; 195:93-103. [PMID: 33741399 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The jellyfish venom stored in nematocysts contains highly toxic compounds comprising of polypeptides, enzymes and other proteins, which form their chemical defence armoury against predators. We have characterized the proteome of crude venom extract from three bloom-forming scyphozoan jellyfish along the south-west coast of India, Chrysaora caliparea, Cyanea nozakii and Lychnorhiza malayensis using a Quadrupole-Time of Flight (Q/TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. The most abundant toxin identified from Chrysaora caliparea and Lychnorhiza malayensis is similar to the pore-forming toxins and metalloproteinases. A protective antioxidant enzyme called peroxiredoxin was found abundantly in Cyanea nozakii. Metalloproteinase identified from the C. caliparea shows similarity with the venom of pit viper (Bothrops pauloensis), while that of L. malayensis was similar to the venom of snakes such as the Bothrops insularis and Bothrops asper. Kininogen-1 is a secreted protein, identified for the first time from the jellyfish L. malayensis. The proteome analysis of Cyanea nozakii, Chrysaora caliparea and Lychnorhiza malayensis contained 20, 12, 8 unique proteins, respectively. Our study characterized the proteome map of crude venom extract from L. malayensis and C. caliparea for the first time, and the venom profile is compared with published information elsewhere. Proteomic data from this study has been made available in the public domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Riyas
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Chandran
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Appukuttannair Biju Kumar
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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Li Y, Jin W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Meng C, Wang H, Qian Y, Li Q, Cao S. Three Complete Linkage SNPs ofGDF9Gene Affect the Litter Size Probably Mediated by OCT1 in Hu Sheep. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:563-571. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxia Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Meng
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoxian Cao
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Nanjing, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Yadav R, Srivastava P. Establishment of resveratrol and its derivatives as neuroprotectant against monocrotophos-induced alteration in NIPBL and POU4F1 protein through molecular docking studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:291-304. [PMID: 31786755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, which is widely used as foliar spray to the different important crops. MCP may reach the soil and the aquatic environment directly or indirectly during and after the application, which leads to the different environmental issues. MCP is found to be associated with neurotoxicity and its toxic effects have been monitored during different stages of neuronal development. Identification of gene expression in MCP-induced neurotoxicity during neuronal developmental stage is a major area of genomic research interest. In accordance with this identification, screening of potential neuroprotective, natural resources are also required as a preventive aspects by targeting the impaired genes. In this current course of work, microarray experiment has been used to identify genes that were expressed in monocrotophos (MCP)-induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and also the neuroprotectant activity of RV on MCP-exposed MSCs. Microarray experiment data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus database and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE121261. In this paper, we have discussed two important genes NIPBL (nipped-B-like protein) and POU4F1 (POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1). These genes were found to be significantly expressed in MCP-exposed MSC and show minimum expression in presence of RV. Homology modelling and docking study was done to identify the interaction and binding affinity of resveratrol and its derivatives with NIPBL and POU4F1 protein. Docking analysis shows that RV and its derivatives have strong interaction with NIPBL and POU4F1 protein hence proves the significance of resveratrol as potential neuroprotectant. This paper highlights the hazardous impact of MCP on neuronal development disorders and repairing potentiality of RV and its derivatives on altered genes involved in neuronal diseases. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, U.P., India.
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Herbert K, Binet R, Lambert JP, Louphrasitthiphol P, Kalkavan H, Sesma-Sanz L, Robles-Espinoza CD, Sarkar S, Suer E, Andrews S, Chauhan J, Roberts ND, Middleton MR, Gingras AC, Masson JY, Larue L, Falletta P, Goding CR. BRN2 suppresses apoptosis, reprograms DNA damage repair, and is associated with a high somatic mutation burden in melanoma. Genes Dev 2019; 33:310-332. [PMID: 30804224 PMCID: PMC6411009 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314633.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbert et al. show that BRN2 is associated with DNA damage response proteins and suppresses an apoptosis-associated gene expression program to protect against UVB-, chemotherapy-, and vemurafenib-induced apoptosis. Whether cell types exposed to a high level of environmental insults possess cell type-specific prosurvival mechanisms or enhanced DNA damage repair capacity is not well understood. BRN2 is a tissue-restricted POU domain transcription factor implicated in neural development and several cancers. In melanoma, BRN2 plays a key role in promoting invasion and regulating proliferation. Here we found, surprisingly, that rather than interacting with transcription cofactors, BRN2 is instead associated with DNA damage response proteins and directly binds PARP1 and Ku70/Ku80. Rapid PARP1-dependent BRN2 association with sites of DNA damage facilitates recruitment of Ku80 and reprograms DNA damage repair by promoting Ku-dependent nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) at the expense of homologous recombination. BRN2 also suppresses an apoptosis-associated gene expression program to protect against UVB-, chemotherapy- and vemurafenib-induced apoptosis. Remarkably, BRN2 expression also correlates with a high single-nucleotide variation prevalence in human melanomas. By promoting error-prone DNA damage repair via NHEJ and suppressing apoptosis of damaged cells, our results suggest that BRN2 contributes to the generation of melanomas with a high mutation burden. Our findings highlight a novel role for a key transcription factor in reprogramming DNA damage repair and suggest that BRN2 may impact the response to DNA-damaging agents in BRN2-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Herbert
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Romuald Binet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Laura Sesma-Sanz
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Oncology Division, Québec Research Center, Québec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico.,Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eda Suer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Andrews
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jagat Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola D Roberts
- The Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Oncology Division, Québec Research Center, Québec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, U1021, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 91405 Orsay, France.,University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, UMR 3347, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91505 Orsay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Paola Falletta
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, 20132 Milano MI, Italy
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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Evolution and functions of Oct4 homologs in non-mammalian vertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:770-9. [PMID: 27058398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PouV class transcription factor Oct4/Pou5f1 is a central regulator of indefinite pluripotency in mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but also participates in cell lineage specification in mouse embryos and in differentiating cell cultures. The molecular basis for this versatility, which is shared between Oct4 and its non-mammalian homologs Pou5f1 and Pou5f3, is not yet completely understood. Here, I review the current understanding of the evolution of PouV class transcription factors and discuss equivalent and diverse roles of Oct4 homologs in pluripotency, differentiation, and cell behavior in different vertebrate embryos. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The Oct Transcription Factor Family, edited by Dr. Dean Tantin.
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Wollesen T, McDougall C, Degnan BM, Wanninger A. POU genes are expressed during the formation of individual ganglia of the cephalopod central nervous system. EvoDevo 2014; 5:41. [PMID: 25908957 PMCID: PMC4407788 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-5-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the Lophotrochozoa, cephalopods possess the highest degree of central nervous system (CNS) centralization and complexity. Although the anatomy of the developing cephalopod CNS has been investigated, the developmental mechanisms underlying brain development and evolution are unknown. POU genes encode key transcription factors controlling nervous system development in a range of bilaterian species, including lophotrochozoans. In this study, we investigate the expression of POU genes during early development of the pygmy squid Idiosepius notoides and make comparisons with other bilaterians to reveal whether these genes have conserved or divergent roles during CNS development in this species. Results POU2, POU3, POU4 and POU6 orthologs were identified in transcriptomes derived from developmental stages and adult brain tissue of I. notoides. All four POU gene orthologs are expressed in different spatiotemporal combinations in the early embryo. Ino-POU2 is expressed in the gills and the palliovisceral, pedal, and optic ganglia of stage 19 to 20 embryos, whereas the cerebral and palliovisceral ganglia express Ino-POU3. Ino-POU4 is expressed in the optic and palliovisceral ganglia and the arms/intrabrachial ganglia of stage 19 to 20 individuals. Ino-POU6 is expressed in the palliovisceral ganglia during early development. In stage 25 embryos expression domains include the intrabrachial ganglia (Ino-POU3) and the pedal ganglia (Ino-POU6). All four POU genes are strongly expressed in large areas of the brain of stage 24 to 26 individuals. Expression could not be detected in late prehatching embryos (approximately stage 27 to 30). Conclusions The expression of four POU genes in unique spatiotemporal combinations during early neurogenesis and sensory organ development of I. notoides suggests that they fulfill distinct tasks during early brain development. Comparisons with other bilaterian species reveal that POU gene expression is associated with anteriormost neural structures, even between animals for which these structures are unlikely to be homologous. Within lophotrochozoans, POU3 and POU4 are the only two genes that have been comparatively investigated. Their expression patterns are broadly similar, indicating that the increased complexity of the cephalopod brain is likely due to other unknown factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wollesen
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmel McDougall
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Andreas Wanninger
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhu Q, Song L, Peng G, Sun N, Chen J, Zhang T, Sheng N, Tang W, Qian C, Qiao Y, Tang K, Han JDJ, Li J, Jing N. The transcription factor Pou3f1 promotes neural fate commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition of external signaling pathways. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 24929964 PMCID: PMC4095939 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells requires the repression of extrinsic inhibitory signals and the activation of intrinsic positive transcription factors. However, how these two events are integrated to ensure appropriate neural conversion remains unclear. In this study, we showed that Pou3f1 is essential for the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), specifically during the transition from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Chimeric analysis showed that Pou3f1 knockdown leads to a markedly decreased incorporation of ESCs in the neuroectoderm. By contrast, Pou3f1-overexpressing ESC derivatives preferentially contribute to the neuroectoderm. Genome-wide ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses indicated that Pou3f1 is an upstream activator of neural lineage genes, and also is a repressor of BMP and Wnt signaling. Our results established that Pou3f1 promotes the neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells through a dual role, activating internal neural induction programs and antagonizing extrinsic neural inhibitory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ye H, Du H, Chen XH, Cao H, Liu T, Li CJ. Identification of a pou2 ortholog in Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis and its expression patterns in tissues, immature individuals and during embryogenesis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:929-942. [PMID: 22127527 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The class V POU family genes, including pou5f1 and pou2, encode transcription factors critical for the maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESC) and germ line cells in vertebrates. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of a pou2 ortholog in A. sinensis, Aspou2, was cloned and sequenced. This cDNA sequence is 2,853 base pairs in length and encodes a peptide of 431 amino acid residues. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of Aspou2 with that of other vertebrate species showed that they were highly conserved in the POU domain, which shared 88 and 90% identity with that of zebrafish and medaka, respectively, and was 69, 67 and 67% identical to frog, mouse and human, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that Aspou2 was detected in all tissues examined except for the liver, and high mRNA levels of Aspou2 were found in the muscle, pituitary and brain. During the embryogenesis and early larval development, the expression level of Aspou2 mRNAs decreased gradually apart from 1-day larvae that were not observed. Furthermore, Aspou2 seemed to raise with the development of gonads of immature Chinese sturgeons. These results suggested the possible involvement of Aspou2 in the nonpluripotent cells, pluripotent cells, embryogenesis, and gonad development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ye
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Chuang-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan, 430223, China.
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Hroudova M, Vojta P, Strnad H, Krejcik Z, Ridl J, Paces J, Vlcek C, Paces V. Diversity, phylogeny and expression patterns of Pou and Six homeodomain transcription factors in hydrozoan jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36420. [PMID: 22558464 PMCID: PMC3340352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of all metazoan bodies is controlled by a group of selector genes including homeobox genes, highly conserved across the entire animal kingdom. The homeobox genes from Pou and Six classes are key members of the regulation cascades determining development of sensory organs, nervous system, gonads and muscles. Besides using common bilaterian models, more attention has recently been targeted at the identification and characterization of these genes within the basal metazoan phyla. Cnidaria as a diploblastic sister group to bilateria with simple and yet specialized organs are suitable models for studies on the sensory organ origin and the associated role of homeobox genes. In this work, Pou and Six homeobox genes, together with a broad range of other sensory-specific transcription factors, were identified in the transcriptome of hydrozoan jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi. Phylogenetic analyses of Pou and Six proteins revealed cnidarian-specific sequence motifs and contributed to the classification of individual factors. The majority of the Craspedacusta sowerbyi Pou and Six homeobox genes are predominantly expressed in statocysts, manubrium and nerve ring, the tissues with sensory and nervous activities. The described diversity and expression patterns of Pou and Six factors in hydrozoan jellyfish highlight their evolutionarily conserved functions. This study extends the knowledge of the cnidarian genome complexity and shows that the transcriptome of hydrozoan jellyfish is generally rich in homeodomain transcription factors employed in the regulation of sensory and nervous functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Hroudova
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Onichtchouk D. Pou5f1/oct4 in pluripotency control: insights from zebrafish. Genesis 2012; 50:75-85. [PMID: 21913309 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrulation in vertebrates is a conserved process, which involves transition from cellular pluripotency to early precursors of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Pluripotency control during this stage is far from being understood. Recent genetic and transcriptomic studies in zebrafish suggest that the core pluripotency transcription factors (TFs) Pou5f1 and TFs of the SoxB1 group are critically involved in large-scale temporal coordination of gene expression during gastrulation. A significant number of evolutionary conserved target genes of Pou5f1 in zebrafish are also involved in stem-cell circuit in mammalian ES cell cultures. Here, I will review the roles of Pou5f1 in development and discuss the evolutionary conservation of Pou5f1 functions and their relation to pluripotency control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology I, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Walker C, Anand K, Plotsky PAULM. Development of the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis and the Stress Response. Compr Physiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Holen E, Kausland A, Skjærven K. Embryonic stem cells isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and the developmental expression of a stage-specific transcription factor ac-Pou2. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1029-1039. [PMID: 20130987 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of embryonic stem cell cultures and the identification of molecular markers for undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) as well as differentiated cells types will open new opportunities in the study of developmental biology and for developing embryonic in vitro models of the ecologically and economically important fish specie Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We report here that cod blastula cells express a Class V POU gene known to be highly expressed in embryonic cell populations of vertebrates. The cod transcript, designated Atlantic cod-Pou2 (ac-Pou2), can be used as a genetic marker for cod blastula cells in vivo and in vitro. Using a quantitative real-time PCR approach, we found that the ac-Pou2 transcript was downregulated before the egg reached the stage of gastrulation, the starting point of extensive cell differentiation. We also demonstrate the culturing of ESC isolated from cod blastula stage eggs. The cod ESC exhibited in vitro characteristics of pluripotency described for both mammalian ESC and fish ES-like cells (medaka, zebrafish, seabream, sea perch and rainbow trout). Cod ESC in culture expressed ac-pou2, differentiated spontaneously and had the ability to form embryoid bodies following retinoic acid treatment. The ESC could also be directed to differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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13
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Skn-1a/Oct-11 and ΔNp63α exert antagonizing effects on human keratin expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:568-73. [PMID: 20888799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a stratified epidermis requires a carefully controlled balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Here, we report the reciprocal effect on keratin expression of ΔNp63, pivotal in normal epidermal morphogenesis and maintenance, and Skn-1a/Oct-11, a POU transcription factor that triggers and regulates the differentiation of keratinocytes. The expression of Skn-1a markedly downregulated ΔNp63-driven K14 expression in luciferase reporter assays. The extent of downregulation was comparable to the inhibition of Skn-1a-mediated K10 expression upon expression of ΔNp63. ΔNp63, mutated in the protein-protein interaction domain (SAM domain; mutated in human ectodermal dysplasia syndrome), was significantly less effecting in downregulating K10, raising the possibility of a direct interaction among Skn-1a and ΔNp63. Immunolocalization in human skin biopsies revealed that the expression of the two transcription factors is partially overlapping. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments did not, however, demonstrate a direct interaction between ΔNp63 and Skn-1a, suggesting that the antagonistic effects of Skn-1a and p63 on keratin promoter transactivation is probably through competition for overlapping binding sites on target gene promoter or through an indirect interaction.
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14
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Sebastiano V, Dalvai M, Gentile L, Schubart K, Sutter J, Wu GM, Tapia N, Esch D, Ju JY, Hübner K, Bravo MJA, Schöler HR, Cavaleri F, Matthias P. Oct1 regulates trophoblast development during early mouse embryogenesis. Development 2010; 137:3551-60. [PMID: 20876643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.047027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oct1 (Pou2f1) is a transcription factor of the POU-homeodomain family that is unique in being ubiquitously expressed in both embryonic and adult mouse tissues. Although its expression profile suggests a crucial role in multiple regions of the developing organism, the only essential function demonstrated so far has been the regulation of cellular response to oxidative and metabolic stress. Here, we describe a loss-of-function mouse model for Oct1 that causes early embryonic lethality, with Oct1-null embryos failing to develop beyond the early streak stage. Molecular and morphological analyses of Oct1 mutant embryos revealed a failure in the establishment of a normal maternal-embryonic interface due to reduced extra-embryonic ectoderm formation and lack of the ectoplacental cone. Oct1(-/-) blastocysts display proper segregation of trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages. However, Oct1 loss is not compatible with trophoblast stem cell derivation. Importantly, the early gastrulation defect caused by Oct1 disruption can be rescued in a tetraploid complementation assay. Oct1 is therefore primarily required for the maintenance and differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell compartment during early post-implantation development. We present evidence that Cdx2, which is expressed at high levels in trophoblast stem cells, is a direct transcriptional target of Oct1. Our data also suggest that Oct1 is required in the embryo proper from late gastrulation stages onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sebastiano
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgenstrasse, 20 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Theodorou E, Dalembert G, Heffelfinger C, White E, Weissman S, Corcoran L, Snyder M. A high throughput embryonic stem cell screen identifies Oct-2 as a bifunctional regulator of neuronal differentiation. Genes Dev 2009; 23:575-88. [PMID: 19270158 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1772509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation is a complex process that involves a plethora of regulatory steps. To identify transcription factors that influence neuronal differentiation we developed a high throughput screen using embryonic stem (ES) cells. Seven-hundred human transcription factor clones were stably introduced into mouse ES (mES) cells and screened for their ability to induce neuronal differentiation of mES cells. Twenty-four factors that are capable of inducing neuronal differentiation were identified, including four known effectors of neuronal differentiation, 11 factors with limited evidence of involvement in regulating neuronal differentiation, and nine novel factors. One transcription factor, Oct-2, was studied in detail and found to be a bifunctional regulator: It can either repress or induce neuronal differentiation, depending on the particular isoform. Ectopic expression experiments demonstrate that isoform Oct-2.4 represses neuronal differentiation, whereas Oct-2.2 activates neuron formation. Consistent with a role in neuronal differentiation, Oct-2.2 expression is induced during differentiation, and cells depleted of Oct-2 and its homolog Oct-1 have a reduced capacity to differentiate into neurons. Our results reveal a number of transcription factors potentially important for mammalian neuronal differentiation, and indicate that Oct-2 may serve as a binary switch to repress differentiation in precursor cells and induce neuronal differentiation later during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Theodorou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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16
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Lu FH, Tang SM, Shen XJ, Wang N, Zhao QL, Zhang GZ, Guo XJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of hatching enzyme-like gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1175-82. [PMID: 19253029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hatching is the important process for the life of the metazoan, in which hatching enzyme (HE) plays a key role. In this paper, we cloned the full-length sequence of hatching enzyme-like cDNA from bluish-silkworm-eggs of Bombyx mori (BmHEL) by the method of in silico cloning, SMART cDNA synthesis and RACE-PCR technique. The BmHEL is 974 bp in length, and contains an ORF of 885 bp, encoding 294 amino acids residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of BmHEL has 30.3-47.1% identities to that of HE identified in the other species. Two similar signature sequences of HE gene family harbor in the BmHEL. The BmHEL gene structure is 6-exon-5-intron, and a promoter region with high scores has been predicted, which harbors some basal elements and some embryo-development related transcription factor binding sites. In the silkworm eggs at different developmental stages during incubation, the BmHEL transcripts can be detected and keep at a low level during the early stages, increase dramatically since 7th day of incubation, and reach to the maximum on 9th day. Change of BmHEL transcripts is in accordance with the process of embryo development and hatching, indicated that it plays an important role in these processes. Moreover, BmHEL transcript can be detected in the midgut and testis at larval stage, suggested that BmHEL may have other biological functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on HE gene in the Lepidoptera insects and will be helpful to provide a molecular basis for understanding the complicated mechanism underlying silkworm hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-hao Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic China
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17
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de Jong J, Stoop H, Gillis AJM, van Gurp RJHLM, van de Geijn GJM, Boer MD, Hersmus R, Saunders PTK, Anderson RA, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LHJ. Differential expression of SOX17 and SOX2 in germ cells and stem cells has biological and clinical implications. J Pathol 2008; 215:21-30. [PMID: 18348160 DOI: 10.1002/path.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combined action of SOX and POU families of transcription factors plays major roles in embryonic development. In embryonic stem cells, the combination of SOX2 and POU5F1 (OCT3/4) is essential for maintaining the undifferentiated state by activating pluripotency-linked genes, and inhibition of genes involved in differentiation. Besides embryonic stem cells, POU5F1 is also present in early germ cells, primordial germ cells, and gonocytes, where it has a role in suppression of apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that SOX2 is absent in germ cells of human fetal gonads, and as expected carcinoma in situ (CIS), ie the precursor lesion of testicular germ cell tumours of adolescents and adults (TGCTs), and seminoma. Based on genome-wide expression profiling, SOX17 was found to be present, instead of SOX2, in early germ cells and their malignant counterparts, CIS and seminoma. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR showed that SOX17 is a suitable marker to distinguish seminoma from embryonal carcinoma, confirmed in representative cell lines. Aberrant SOX2 expression can be present in Sertoli cells when associated with CIS, which can be misdiagnosed as embryonal carcinoma. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the absence of SOX2 in human embryonic and malignant germ cells, which express SOX17 in conjunction with POU5F1. This finding has both diagnostic and developmental biological implications. It allows the identification of seminoma-like cells from embryonal carcinoma based on a positive marker and might be the explanation for the different function of POU5F1 in normal and malignant germ cells versus embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Veber D, Mutti E, Tacchini L, Gammella E, Tredici G, Scalabrino G. Indirect down-regulation of nuclear NF-κB levels by cobalamin in the spinal cord and liver of the rat. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Binato R, Pizzatti L, Abdelhay E. Otx2 is a putative candidate to activate mice Msx1 gene from distal enhancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:655-60. [PMID: 17499211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis between sequences of Msx1 promoter gene from human, mouse, and fugu allowed us to identify sequences highly conserved among these animals. One of the regions of great homology is localized between the positions -4622 and -4572, including the region described as distal enhancer. In this region putative transcription factors binding sites for Nkx2.5, CTF-CBP, Bicoid, Brn2, and Oct were found. To evaluate the functionality of these sites we performed EMSA analysis using two different regions from the distal enhancer and nuclear protein extracts from embryos. The results showed that in the presence of a Bicoid consensus binding site a DNA-protein complex can be formed. The identification of the proteins involved in this complex by mass spectrometry and Western blotting identified OTX2, a Bicoid-like protein. This protein was shown to be present in nuclear extracts of the embryonic stages analyzed by Western blot. Altogether these results suggest that OTX2 is a putative candidate to activate mice Msx1 gene from distal enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Binato
- National Institute of Câncer, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, RJ, Brazil.
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20
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Dong B, Zhao FQ. Expression of the Oct-2 transcription factor in mouse mammary gland and cloning and characterization of a novel Oct-2 isoform. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 328:595-606. [PMID: 17285328 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oct-2 is a member of the POU family of transcription factors, which specifically bind to the octamer DNA motif ATGCAAAT and its closely related sequences. Unlike its ubiquitous counterpart Oct-1, Oct-2 is thought to be expressed only in B lymphocytes and neuronal cells and is mainly involved in immunoglobulin gene expression. We show here that Oct-2 is also expressed in the epithelial cells of mouse mammary gland, and that this expression is developmentally regulated. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends and subsequent cDNA cloning indicate that the mammary gland expresses multiple Oct-2 isoforms, including a novel isoform, named Oct-2.7. Compared with Oct-2 (isoform 2.1), the deduced Oct-2.7 sequence has an additional 22 amino acids close to the N-terminus and a novel 76-amino-acid C-terminus resulting from alternative splicing, with retention of the last intron that is spliced out in all other isoforms. Although Oct-2.7 has intact POU-specific and POU-homeo domains, it is unable to bind to the octamer motif, unlike all other known isoforms. Like Oct-1, both Oct-2.1 and Oct-2.7 can activate basal beta-casein gene promoter activity. However, activation by Oct-2.7, which is independent of DNA binding, is significantly lower than that by Oct-2.1. Moreover, deletion of the first 114 amino acids at the N-terminus of Oct-2.1 has no effect on activation; this does not support previous reports of the presence of an inhibitory domain in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dong
- Lactation and Mammary Gland Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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21
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Dong B, Zhao FQ. Involvement of the ubiquitous Oct-1 transcription factor in hormonal induction of beta-casein gene expression. Biochem J 2007; 401:57-64. [PMID: 16965262 PMCID: PMC1698677 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the milk protein beta-casein gene is induced by the lactogenic hormones Prl (prolactin) and glucocorticoids. Multiple transcription factors involved in this induction have been identified, including the STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) and the GR (glucocorticoid receptor). Our previous studies have identified a binding site for the ubiquitous Oct-1 (octamer-binding transcription factor 1) protein in the lactogenic hormonal regulatory region of the mouse beta-casein promoter. In the present study, we report that Oct-1 is indeed expressed and binds to the beta-casein promoter in mammary epithelial cells. Oct-1 activates hormonally induced beta-casein promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Hormonal induction of promoter activity was decreased not only by mutating the Oct-1-binding site from ATTAGCAT to GCTAGCAT, which abolishes Oct-1 binding (50% decrease, P<0.01), but also by changing the site to the consensus Oct-1-binding motif ATTTGCAT (40% decrease, P<0.01). Reversing the Oct-1-binding site reduced hormonal induction by 70% (P<0.01), showing that orientation of Oct-1 binding is also critical in hormonal action. In transient transfection experiments, Oct-1 collaboratively transactivated the beta-casein gene promoter with STAT5 and/or GR in the presence of Prl receptor in cells treated with the lactogenic hormones. The C-terminus of Oct-1 was not essential to its function. The results of the present study provide biochemical evidence that the ubiquitous Oct-1 transcription factor may be involved in hormonally regulated, tissue-specific beta-casein gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dong
- Lactation and Mammary Gland Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Lactation and Mammary Gland Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, at 219 Terrill, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, U.S.A. (email )
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22
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Diss JKJ, Faulkes DJ, Walker MM, Patel A, Foster CS, Budhram-Mahadeo V, Djamgoz MBA, Latchman DS. Brn-3a neuronal transcription factor functional expression in human prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2006; 9:83-91. [PMID: 16276351 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation has been associated with prostate cancer (CaP). Brn-3a (short isoform) and Brn-3c, transcriptional controllers of neuronal differentiation, were readily detectable in human CaP both in vitro and in vivo. Brn-3a expression, but not Brn-3c, was significantly upregulated in >50% of tumours. Furthermore, overexpression of this transcription factor in vitro (i) potentiated CaP cell growth and (ii) regulated the expression of a neuronal gene, the Nav1.7 sodium channel, concomitantly upregulated in human CaP, in an isoform-specific manner. It is concluded that targeting Brn-3a could be a useful strategy for controlling the expression of multiple genes that promote CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K J Diss
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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23
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24
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Candiani S, Pennati R, Oliveri D, Locascio A, Branno M, Castagnola P, Pestarino M, De Bernardi F. Ci-POU-IV expression identifies PNS neurons in embryos and larvae of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Dev Genes Evol 2004; 215:41-5. [PMID: 15526215 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-004-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that members of the POU domain gene family may regulate invertebrate and vertebrate neurogenesis. In particular, POU IV genes appear to be neural genes involved in differentiation of sensory neurons, as demonstrated in mollusc, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and vertebrates. In the present work, we describe the developmental expression of a homologue of POU IV genes, Ci-POU-IV, in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Ci-POU-IV is expressed in the precursor cells of the neural system during development and in the neural system of the larva. In particular, transcripts are prevalent in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), with expression in the central nervous system (CNS) restricted to the posterior sensory vesicle. Therefore, the evolution of a complex sensory system seems to be under the control of a common genetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Candiani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Genova, viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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25
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DeCarvalho AC, Cappendijk SLT, Fadool JM. Developmental expression of the POU domain transcription factor Brn-3b (Pou4f2) in the lateral line and visual system of zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2004; 229:869-76. [PMID: 15042710 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the class IV POU domain transcription factors are important regulators of neural development. In mouse, Brn-3b (Pou4f2, Brn3.2) and Brn-3c (Pou4f3, Brn3.1) are essential for the normal differentiation and maturation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and hair cells of the auditory system, respectively. In this report, the cloning and expression profile of brn-3b in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed as the first step for understanding its role in the development of sensory systems. Two brn-3b alternative transcripts exhibited different onset of expression during development but shared overlapping expression domains in the adult visual system. The brn-3b expression in the zebrafish retina was consistent with a conserved role in differentiation and maintenance of RGCs. Expression was also observed in the optic tectum. Unexpectedly, brn-3b was prominently expressed in the migrating posterior lateral line primordium and larval neuromasts. For comparison, brn-3c expression was limited to the otic vesicle and was not detected in the lateral line during embryonic development. The expression of brn-3b in the mechanosensory lateral line of fish suggests a conserved function of a class IV POU domain transcription factor in sensory system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C DeCarvalho
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4340, USA
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26
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Kam KY, Jeong KH, Norwitz ER, Jorgensen EM, Kaiser UB. Oct-1 and nuclear factor Y bind to the SURG-1 element to direct basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated mouse GnRH receptor gene transcription. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 19:148-62. [PMID: 15388790 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis-regulatory element localized to position -292/-285 of the mouse GnRH receptor (mGnRHR) gene promoter, designated Sequence Underlying Responsiveness to GnRH 1 (SURG-1), has been shown previously to contribute to stimulation of mGnRHR gene expression by GnRH. We have identified three specific protein-DNA complexes on the SURG-1 element by EMSA using nuclear extracts from the gonadotrope-derived alphaT3-1 and LbetaT2 cell lines. Serial mutagenesis and supershift assays identified nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) binding to -288/-284 and Oct-1 binding to a TAAT sequence at -290/-287. Binding of these two transcription factors was confirmed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and increased in response to GnRH stimulation. To define the functional significance of these sequences in the regulation of mGnRHR gene transcription, transient transfection assays were performed in alphaT3-1 cells using a 1.2-kb mGnRHR (-1164/+62) gene promoter-luciferase reporter construct with selective mutations of the Oct-1, NF-Y, and/or the previously characterized activating protein 1 (AP-1) binding site (-274/-268). Individual mutations in the Oct-1, NF-Y, and AP-1 sites decreased both basal expression and stimulation by GnRH agonist, and the combined mutation of the Oct-1 and AP-1 binding sites further reduced basal transcriptional activity and abolished GnRH stimulation. Overexpression of NF-YA increased GnRHR promoter activity, whereas expression of a dominant negative NF-YA mutant decreased activity, further supporting a role of NF-Y in regulation of mGnRHR gene transcription. In addition, knockdown of Oct-1 by small interfering RNA confirmed that Oct-1 is important for mGnRHR gene expression. In conclusion, NF-Y and Oct-1 bind to the SURG-1 element to direct basal and GnRH-stimulated expression of the mGnRHR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Yoon Kam
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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27
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Wang J, Yen A. A novel retinoic acid-responsive element regulates retinoic acid-induced BLR1 expression. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:2423-43. [PMID: 14993281 PMCID: PMC355834 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.6.2423-2443.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of retinoic acid (RA) is of broad relevance to cell and developmental biology, nutrition, and cancer chemotherapy. RA is known to induce expression of the Burkitt's lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1) gene which propels RA-induced cell cycle arrest and differentiation of HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cells, motivating the present analysis of transcriptional regulation of blr1 expression by RA. The RA-treated HL-60 cells used here expressed all RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subtypes (as detected by Northern analysis) except RXRgamma. Treatment with RAR- and RXR-selective ligands showed that RARalpha synergized with RXRalpha to transcriptionally activate blr1 expression. A 5'-flanking region capable of supporting RA-induced blr1 activation in HL-60 cells was found to contain a 205-bp sequence in the distal portion that was necessary for transcriptional activation by RA. Within this sequence DNase I footprinting revealed that RA induced binding of a nuclear protein complex to an element containing two GT boxes. Electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) and supershift assays showed that this element bound recombinant RARalpha and RXRalpha. Without RA there was neither complex binding nor transcriptional activation. Both GT boxes were needed for binding the complex, and mutation of either GT box caused the loss of transcriptional activation by RA. The ability of this cis-acting RAR-RXR binding element to activate transcription in response to RA also depended on downstream sequences where an octamer transcription factor 1 (Oct1) site and a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc) site between this element and the transcriptional start, as well as a cyclic AMP response element binding factor (CREB) site between the transcriptional start and first exon of the blr1 gene, were necessary. Each of these sites bound its corresponding transcription factor. A transcription factor-transcription factor binding array analysis of nuclear lysate from RA-treated cells indicated several prominent RARalpha binding partners; among these, Oct1, NFATc3, and CREB2 were identified by competition EMSA and supershift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays as components of the complex. RA upregulated expression of these three factors. In sum the results of the present study indicate that RA-induced expression of blr1 expression depends on a novel RA response element. This cis-acting element approximately 1 kb upstream of the transcriptional start consists of two GT boxes that bind RAR and RXR in a nuclear protein complex that also contains Oct1, NFATc3, and CREB2 bound to their cognate downstream consensus binding sites.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Models, Biological
- Mutagenesis
- NFATC Transcription Factors
- Nuclear Proteins
- Organic Cation Transporter 1/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR5
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Steingart RA, Heldenberg E, Pinhasov A, Brenneman DE, Fridkin M, Gozes I. A vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor analog alters the expression of homeobox genes. Life Sci 2002; 71:2543-52. [PMID: 12270759 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A lipophilic analog of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), stearyl-Nle(17)-neurotensin(6-11)VIP(7-28) (SNH), that inhibited lung cancer growth, has been previously described. The mechanism of SNH inhibition of cancer growth is still being elucidated. The present study examined the effects of SNH on homeobox genes in the colon cancer cell line HT 29 that expresses VIP receptors. Homeobox genes contain a characteristic DNA sequence, coding for a stretch of 61 amino acid homeodomain that binds specific DNA motifs. While the HOX gene family contains a single homeodomain, the POU gene family contains an additional DNA binding homeodomain. HT 29 cells were incubated with SNH; RNA was extracted and subjected to reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers that matched the conserved area of the various HOX or POU genes. The PCR products that were altered by SNH treatment were sequenced. Three candidate SNH-responsive genes, the HOX A4, the HOX B5 and the PUO V transcription factor I (Oct-3) were identified. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR with specific primers confirmed the increase in HOX A4 and the decrease in Oct-3 expression levels following SNH treatment. Thus, the HOX A4 and the Oct-3 homeobox genes may partially mediate SNH activity on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Steingart
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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29
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Dennis JH, Budhram-Mahadeo V, Latchman DS. Functional interaction between Brn-3a and Src-1 co-activates Brn-3a-mediated transactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:487-95. [PMID: 12051737 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Brn-3a POU domain transcription factor is able to regulate the transcription of promoters containing a Brn-3 response element via its POU domain. In addition, the POU domain of Brn-3a has been shown to functionally interact with the estrogen receptor and regulate transcription from estrogen responsive promoters. The steroid receptor coactivator, Src-1, enhances transcription with a variety of steroid receptors. Here we describe a functional interaction between Brn-3a and Src-1. In glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays Src-1 was shown to specifically interact with Brn-3 proteins. Moreover, Src-1 co-immunoprecipitated from intact cells with Brn-3a. The transactivation potential of the Brn-3a/Src-1 complex was tested on both the Brn-3 responsive SNAP-25 promoter and the estrogen responsive vitellogenin promoter, in each of two different cell lines, the neuronal ND7 cell line, and the kidney BHK21 cell line. Src-1 consistently and strongly potentiated the activation of Brn-3a on the SNAP promoter construct in both the ND7 and BHK21 cell lines. The vitellogenin promoter construct, however, was only weakly activated by the Brn-3/Src-1 complex in the ND7 cells and there was even less effect on this promoter in the BHK21 cells. These results suggest a functional role for Src-1 in enhancing Brn-3a mediated transactivation, seemingly independent of nuclear hormone receptors, thus broadening the transcriptional repertoire of both Brn-3a and Src-1.
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30
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O'Brien EK, Degnan BM. Pleiotropic developmental expression of HasPOU-III, a class III POU gene, in the gastropod Haliotis asinina. Mech Dev 2002; 114:129-32. [PMID: 12175498 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HasPOU-III is expressed in multiple cell types during the first 3 days of development of the gastropod Haliotis asinina. HasPOU-III expression begins in two bilaterally symmetrical sets of cells on the ventral ectodermal surface of the trochophore larva; one set are putative foot mucous cells. After torsion, HasPOU-III transcripts transiently appear in the developing ganglia of the central nervous system. At the end of larval morphogenesis, HasPOU-III expression is initiated in dorsoposterior cells of the visceral mass, in the posterior cells of the statocyst and in the developing radular sac. These expression patterns in Haliotis, a spiralian lophotrochozoan, are similar to POU Class III genes in other bilaterians where expression occurs in secretory cells and the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K O'Brien
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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31
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de Kok YJ, Cremers CW, Ropers HH, Cremers FP. The molecular basis of X-linked deafness type 3 (DFN3) in two sporadic cases: identification of a somatic mosaicism for a POU3F4 missense mutation. Hum Mutat 2000; 10:207-11. [PMID: 9298820 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1997)10:3<207::aid-humu5>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated two unrelated males with X-linked deafness type 3 (DFN3) for mutations in the POU3F4 gene. In one patient, we observed a mutation that is predicted to result in an Arg330Ser amino acid substitution. In another DFN3 patient, a somatic mosaicism for an Arg323Gly amino acid substitution was found. This mosaicism was detected in two independently established EBV immortalized B cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Semiquantitative analysis showed that approximately 50% of the PBLs of this patient carry the mutation. We hypothesize that the Arg323Gly mutation occurred very early in embryogenesis, before the differentiation of cells involved in hematopoiesis and inner ear development. In both patients, the missense mutations are situated in the POU homeodomain and are predicted to disrupt the DNA binding of the POU3F4 protein. All nine point mutations thus far described were found in the POU domains of POU3F4. Since these domains constitute only 35% of the open reading frame of POU3F4, there is a statistically significant preference for mutations in the POU-specific and POU homeodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J de Kok
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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32
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Liu Y, Xue J, Zhang W, Fu D, He R, Xue Z. qBrain-2, a POU domain gene expressed in quail embryos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1491:27-36. [PMID: 10760567 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a quail class III POU domain gene, qBrain-2, which was cloned from a cDNA library of E5 embryos. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses showed that qBrain-2 was expressed in developing central nervous system and adult brain. Moreover, qBrain-2 transcripts showed a dynamic distribution in embryonic central nervous system. Its transcripts were dominantly detected in the ventricular zone of the developing brain and spinal cord, but rarely in the differentiated region of mantle zone as well as the non-neuronal roof plate and floor plate. This suggests that qBrain-2 is involved in proliferation and differentiation of the neuroepithelial cells of quail central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Laboratory of Visual Information Processing, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Da Tun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Although SRY was first identified 10 years ago, we still know remarkably little about its mode of action or downstream target genes. Recently, potential protein partners have been identified and there has been considerable activity to understand the roles of WT1, SF-1, DAX-1 and SOX9 in gonadogenesis. The emerging picture is one of complex interactions, involving both positive and negative regulatory signals that, depending on the cellular and promoter context, drive the expression of male-specific genes. Despite recent advances, however, we are still unable to explain the genetic cause of most cases of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis or even a single case of Y-chromosome-negative 46,XX maleness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McElreavey
- Immunogenetique Humaine, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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34
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Veenstra GJ, Destrée OH, Wolffe AP. Translation of maternal TATA-binding protein mRNA potentiates basal but not activated transcription in Xenopus embryos at the midblastula transition. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:7972-82. [PMID: 10567523 PMCID: PMC84882 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.12.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/1999] [Accepted: 09/07/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis is characterized by transcriptional repression which is relieved at the midblastula stage (MBT). Here we show that the relative abundance of TATA-binding protein (TBP) increases robustly at the MBT and that the mechanism underlying this increase is translation of maternally stored TBP RNA. We show that TBP is rate-limiting in egg extract under conditions that titrate nucleosome assembly. Precocious translation of TBP mRNA in Xenopus embryos facilitates transcription before the MBT, without requiring TBP to be prebound to the promoter before injection. This effect is transient in the absence of chromatin titration and is sustained when chromatin is titrated. These data show that translational regulation of TBP RNA contributes to limitations on the transcriptional capacity before the MBT. Second, we examined the ability of trans-acting factors to contribute to promoter activity before the MBT. Deletion of cis-acting elements does not affect histone H2B transcription in egg extract, a finding indicative of limited trans-activation. Moreover, in the context of the intact promoter, neither the transcriptional activator Oct-1, nor TBP, nor TFIID enable transcriptional activation in vitro. HeLa cell extract, however, reconstitutes activated transcription in mixed extracts. These data suggest a deficiency in egg extract cofactors required for activated transcription. We show that the capacity for activated H2B transcription is gradually acquired at the early gastrula transition. This transition occurs well after the blastula stage when the basal transcription machinery can first be complemented with TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Veenstra
- Laboratory for Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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35
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de Jong RN, van der Vliet PC. Mechanism of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells: cellular host factors stimulating adenovirus DNA replication. Gene 1999; 236:1-12. [PMID: 10433960 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Replication of adenovirus (Ad) DNA depends on interactions between three viral and three cellular proteins. Human transcription factors NFI and Oct-1 recruit the Ad DNA polymerase to the origin of DNA replication as a complex with the Ad protein primer pTP. High affinity and specificity DNA binding to recognition sites in this origin by the transcription factors stimulate and stabilize pre-initiation complex formation to compensate for the low binding specificity of the pTP/pol complex. In this review, we discuss the properties of NFI and Oct-1 and the mechanism by which they enhance initiation of DNA replication. We propose a model that describes the dynamics of initiation and elongation as well as the assembly and disassembly of the pre-initiation complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N de Jong
- Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Veenstra GJ, Mathu MT, Destrée OH. The Oct-1 POU domain directs developmentally regulated nuclear translocation in Xenopus embryos. Biol Chem 1999; 380:253-7. [PMID: 10195432 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic development in Xenopus is characterized by transcriptional repression which is relieved at the mid-blastula stage. Here we show that most of the maternally inherited POU domain transcription factor Oct-1 is retained in the cytoplasm during early development, and that it gradually translocates to the nucleus around the mid-blastula transition. Overexpressed epitope-tagged Oct-1 exhibits highly similar localization properties compared to endogenous protein. The amino acid sequence that directs this developmentally regulated nuclear translocation resides in the POU domain. Our findings may suggest that cytoplasmic retention of Oct-1 facilitates or contributes to the repression of Oct-1 target genes before the mid-blastula transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Veenstra
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Utrecht
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