1
|
Hendrix G, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker M, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Evans W, Rasbach L, Benjamin R, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Catabolism of fats and branched-chain amino acids in children with Type 1 diabetes: Association with glycaemic control and total daily insulin dose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e448. [PMID: 37715520 PMCID: PMC10638627 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an absolute insulin deficiency. However, insulin resistance (IR) may exacerbate glycaemic instability in T1D and contribute to long-term cardiovascular complications. We previously showed that IR in teenagers with obesity is associated with sex-dependent derangements in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids. Here we hypothesized that byproducts of BCAA and fatty acid metabolism may serve as biomarkers or determinants of glycaemic control and IR in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D. METHODS Metabolites, hormones and cytokines from fasting blood samples were analysed in 28 children (15 females, 13 males; age 6-11 years) with T1D. Principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression models were used to correlate metabolites of interest with glycaemic control, total daily insulin dose (TDD, units/kg/d), adiponectin and the triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. RESULTS Males and females were comparable in age, BMI-z, insulin sensitivity, glycaemic control, inflammatory markers, BCAAs and C2/C3/C5-acylcarnitines. The majority of components retained in PCA were related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and BCAA catabolism. HbA1c correlated positively with Factor 2 (acylcarnitines, incomplete FAO) and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). TDD correlated negatively with C3 and C5 and Factor 10 (BCAA catabolism) and positively with the ratio of C2 to C3 + C5 and Factor 9 (fasting glucose). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glucose intolerance in prepubertal or early pubertal children with T1D is accompanied by incomplete FAO while TDD is associated with preferential catabolism of fats relative to amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hendrix
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and NutritionDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Evans
- University of California‐BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lisa Rasbach
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Benjamin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammad SM, Lopes-Virella MF. Circulating Sphingolipids in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Associated Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14015. [PMID: 37762318 PMCID: PMC10531201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in the development of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the development of both micro- and macro-vascular complications. Several reviews have been published concerning the role of sphingolipids in diabetes but most of the emphasis has been on the possible mechanisms by which sphingolipids, mainly ceramides, contribute to the development of diabetes. Research on circulating levels of the different classes of sphingolipids in serum and in lipoproteins and their importance as biomarkers to predict not only the development of diabetes but also of its complications has only recently emerged and it is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the previously published literature concerning sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, focusing on how circulating plasma sphingolipid levels and the relative content carried by the different lipoproteins may impact their role as possible biomarkers both in the development of diabetes and mainly in the development of diabetic complications. Further studies in this field may open new therapeutic avenues to prevent or arrest/reduce both the development of diabetes and progression of its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao S, Zhang X, Xu Q, Pan R, Chen Y. Emerging roles of Glucagon like peptide-1 in the management of autoimmune diseases and diabetes-associated comorbidities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Yesildag B, Mir-Coll J, Neelakandhan A, Gibson CB, Perdue NR, Rufer C, Karsai M, Biernath A, Forschler F, Jin PW, Misun PM, Title A, Hierlemann A, Kreiner FF, Wesley JD, von Herrath MG. Liraglutide protects β-cells in novel human islet spheroid models of type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2022; 244:109118. [PMID: 36084852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To enable accurate, high-throughput and longer-term studies of the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we established three in-vitro islet-immune injury models by culturing spheroids derived from primary human islets with proinflammatory cytokines, activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or HLA-A2-restricted preproinsulin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In all models, β-cell function declined as manifested by increased basal and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS), and decreased intracellular insulin content. Additional hallmarks of T1D progression such as loss of the first-phase insulin response (FFIR), increased proinsulin-to-insulin ratios, HLA-class I expression, and inflammatory cytokine release were also observed. Using these models, we show that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, prevented loss of GSIS under T1D-relevant stress, by preserving the FFIR and decreasing immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. Our results corroborate that liraglutide mediates an anti-inflammatory effect that aids in protecting β-cells from the immune-mediated attack that leads to T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire B Gibson
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Nikole R Perdue
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Wu Jin
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Johnna D Wesley
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg DK-2860, Denmark; La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Camaya I, Donnelly S, O'Brien B. Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells to enhance their survival and function: An emerging therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes 2022; 14:247-260. [PMID: 35191175 PMCID: PMC9060113 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreas. Islet transplantation represents one cure; however, during islet preparation and post transplantation significant amounts of β-cell death occur. Therefore, prevention and cure of T1D is dependent upon the preservation of β-cell function and the prevention of β-cell death. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for T1D due to its pronounced effects on cellular survival, proliferation, and metabolism. A growing amount of evidence indicates that PI3K/Akt signaling is a critical determinant of β-cell mass and function. Modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, directly (via the use of highly specific protein and peptide-based biologics, excretory/secretory products of parasitic worms, and complex constituents of plant extracts) or indirectly (through microRNA interactions) can regulate the β-cell processes to ultimately determine the fate of β-cell mass. An important consideration is the identification of the specific PI3K/Akt pathway modulators that enhance β-cell function and prevent β-cell death without inducing excessive β-cell proliferation, which may carry carcinogenic side effects. Among potential PI3K/Akt pathway agonists, we have identified a novel parasite-derived protein, termed FhHDM-1 (Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule 1), which efficiently stimulates the PI3K/Akt pathway in β-cells to enhance function and prevent death without concomitantly inducing proliferation unlike several other identified stimulators of PI3K/Akt signaling . As such, FhHDM-1 will inform the design of biologics aimed at targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway to prevent/ameliorate not only T1D but also T2D, which is now widely recognized as an inflammatory disease characterized by β-cell dysfunction and death. This review will explore the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a novel strategy to enhance β-cell function and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inah Camaya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bronwyn O'Brien
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Starzyńska A, Wychowański P, Nowak M, Sobocki BK, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Słupecka-Ziemilska M. Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Development of Systematic Diseases in Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2473. [PMID: 35269617 PMCID: PMC8910384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral conditions affecting both youths and adults. There are some research works suggesting a high incidence of PD in pregnant women. As an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin, PD may result in the activation of the pathways affecting the course and the pregnancy outcome. The authors, based on the literature review, try to answer the PICO question: Does maternal periodontitis (exposure) influence the incidence of complications rates in pregnancy and the development of systemic diseases in childhood and adult offspring (outcome) in the humans of any race (population) compared to the offspring of mothers with healthy periodontium (comparison)? The authors try to describe the molecular pathways and mechanisms of these interdependencies. There is some evidence that maternal periodontitis may affect the pregnancy course and outcome, resulting in preeclampsia, preterm delivery, vulvovaginitis and low birth weight. It can be suggested that maternal periodontitis may affect offspring epigenome and result in some health consequences in their adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wychowański
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 6 Binieckiego Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Specialized Private Implantology Clinic Wychowanski Stomatologia, 9/33 Rakowiecka Street, 02-517 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Nowak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 6 Binieckiego Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 7 Festa del Perdono Street, 20-112 Milan, Italy;
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 435 Ripamonti Street, 20-141 Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gurgul-Convey E. To Be or Not to Be: The Divergent Action and Metabolism of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate in Pancreatic Beta-Cells in Response to Cytokines and Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031638. [PMID: 35163559 PMCID: PMC8835924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with multiple functions conveyed by the activation of cell surface receptors and/or intracellular mediators. A growing body of evidence indicates its important role in pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells that are necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The dysfunction and/or death of beta-cells lead to diabetes development. Diabetes is a serious public health burden with incidence growing rapidly in recent decades. The two major types of diabetes are the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the metabolic stress-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite many differences in the development, both types of diabetes are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. The inflammatory component of diabetes remains under-characterized. Recent years have brought new insights into the possible mechanism involved in the increased inflammatory response, suggesting that environmental factors such as a westernized diet may participate in this process. Dietary lipids, particularly palmitate, are substrates for the biosynthesis of bioactive sphingolipids. Disturbed serum sphingolipid profiles were observed in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Many polymorphisms were identified in genes encoding enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway, including sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), the S1P generating enzyme which is highly expressed in beta-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of S1P-generating and S1P-catabolizing enzymes. In this review, the similarities and differences in the action of extracellular and intracellular S1P in beta-cells exposed to cytokines or free fatty acids will be identified and the outlook for future research will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ArefNezhad R, Motedayyen H, Roghani-Shahraki H. Do cytokines associate periodontitis with metabolic disorders? An overview of current documents. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:778-786. [PMID: 35043774 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220119112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory condition affecting the adult population worldwide. Many microorganisms act as an initiator for induction of inflammatory immune responses, which participate in the destruction of connective tissue surrounding the teeth and thereby result in tooth loss. Cytokines may have indispensable roles in its pathogenesis through enhancing inflammatory and immune responses. Cytokines can affect functions of some cells of different tissues, such as the cells of the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues. There is evidence that periodontitis is associated with metabolic disorders, like liver cirrhosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Hence, this review was focused on determining how cytokines can participate in the correlation of periodontitis with metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza ArefNezhad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jovicic N, Petrovic I, Pejnovic N, Ljujic B, Miletic Kovacevic M, Pavlovic S, Jeftic I, Djukic A, Srejovic I, Jakovljevic V, Lukic ML. Transgenic Overexpression of Galectin-3 in Pancreatic β Cells Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Mice: Synergistic Antidiabetic Effect With Exogenous IL-33. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714683. [PMID: 34803672 PMCID: PMC8602837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has diverse roles in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. There is evidence that Gal-3 plays a role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. While the role of Gal-3 expression in immune cells invading the pancreatic islets in the experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus has been already studied, the importance of the overexpression of Gal-3 in the target β cells is not defined. Therefore, we used multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD–STZ)–induced diabetes in C57Bl/6 mice to analyze the effect of transgenic (TG) overexpression of Gal-3 in β cells. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of Gal-3 protected β cells from apoptosis and attenuated MLD–STZ–induced hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria. The cellular analysis of pancreata and draining lymph nodes showed that Gal-3 overexpression significantly decreased the number of pro-inflammatory cells without affecting the presence of T-regulatory cells. As the application of exogenous interleukin 33 (IL-33) given from the beginning of MLD–STZ diabetes induction attenuates the development of disease, by increasing the presence of regulatory FoxP3+ ST2+ cells, we evaluated the potential synergistic effect of the exogenous IL-33 and TG overexpression of Gal-3 in β cells at the later stage of diabetogenesis. The addition of IL-33 potentiated the survival of β cells and attenuated diabetes even when administered later, after the onset of hyperglycemia (12–18 days), suggesting that protection from apoptosis and immunoregulation by IL-33 may attenuate type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nada Pejnovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Pavlovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ilija Jeftic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djukic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kawasaki E, Fukuyama T, Uchida A, Sagara Y, Nakano Y, Tamai H, Tojikubo M, Hiromatsu Y, Koga N. Development of type 1 diabetes in a patient treated with anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody for rheumatoid arthritis. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:738-740. [PMID: 34743422 PMCID: PMC9017619 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin‐6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a pathogenic role in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is considered a candidate for immune intervention in type 1 diabetes. Here, we report the case of a 73‐year‐old woman (HLA‐DR9‐DQ3 homozygote) with well‐controlled rheumatoid arthritis who developed type 1 diabetes while receiving tocilizumab treatment. At 57 years‐of‐age, the patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, for which she underwent tocilizumab therapy that enabled complete suppression of her joint inflammation. A total of 17 months after starting tocilizumab therapy, she noticed polydipsia, polyuria, general fatigue and weight reduction (−2 kg/month), and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis based on an arterial pH of 7.26, serum ketone body of 7,437 μmol/L, blood glucose level of 925 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin of 13.2% and the presence of anti‐islet autoantibodies. This case report shows valuable insight regarding the effect of anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor antibody therapy on type 1 diabetes prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kawasaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuyama
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Aira Uchida
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoko Sagara
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tamai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tojikubo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiromatsu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Koga
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Labban N, Shibani NA, Al-Kattan R, Alfouzan AF, Binrayes A, Assery MK. Clinical, bacterial, and inflammatory outcomes of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy for treating periimplantitis among diabetic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102350. [PMID: 34033934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background This 6-months randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of indocyanine green mediated photodynamic therapy (ICG-PDT) as an adjunct to peri‑implant manual debridement (PIMD) versus PIMD alone among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in the treatment of peri‑implantitis. Methods A total of 48 DM patients having 64 implants were treated with either ICG-PDT + PIMD (n = 35 implants) or PIMD alone (n = 29 implants). Clinical (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BOP], and plaque index [PI]) and radiographic (peri‑implant crestal bone loss [PCBL]) peri‑implant variables were recorded. Bacterial species including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were evaluated from peri‑implant plaque biofilms. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were assessed after the collection of peri‑implant sulcular fluid. All the evaluations were carried out at baseline, 3- and 6-months. The significance level was set to p < 0.05. Results All clinical parameters significantly reduced within both treatment groups (P<0.05). Intra-group comparison indicates that there was statistically significant reduction in PD and suppuration for ICG-PDT group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the BOP between ICG-PDT and PIMD groups at both follow-up periods (P<0.001). However, there was a significant difference for PD (P = 0.001), suppuration (P = 0.01), and PCBL (P = 0.04) on 6 months follow-up between ICG-PDT and PIMD groups, respectively. Only ICG-PDT showed a significant reduction in P. gingivalis and T. denticola on both 3 months and 6 months follow-up compared to baseline. PIMD showed a statistically significant reduction only on 3 months follow-up compared to baseline. This reduction was maintained for both the species when dental implants were treated with ICG-PDT. However, PIMD failed to maintain this reduction until 6 months. Only at 3 months assessment that both treatment groups showed statistically significant reduction in IL-1β and IL-6 with no significant difference between the groups. Both biomarkers failed to maintain the reduction in both groups and significantly increased levels for IL-1β was noted at 6 months follow up Conclusion Multiple application of indocyanine-green mediated photodynamic therapy resulted in improved clinical and microbial parameters among type 2 DM subjects in the treatment of peri‑implantitis. This clinical trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System with registration record number: NCT04833569.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nouf Al Shibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al-Kattan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan F Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Assery
- Department of Prosthodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ge T, Jhala G, Fynch S, Akazawa S, Litwak S, Pappas EG, Catterall T, Vakil I, Long AJ, Olson LM, Krishnamurthy B, Kay TW, Thomas HE. The JAK1 Selective Inhibitor ABT 317 Blocks Signaling Through Interferon-γ and Common γ Chain Cytokine Receptors to Reverse Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588543. [PMID: 33343569 PMCID: PMC7746546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines that signal through the JAK-STAT pathway, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and common γ chain cytokines, contribute to the destruction of insulin-secreting β cells by CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We previously showed that JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors reversed autoimmune insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and also blocked IFN-γ mediated MHC class I upregulation on β cells. Blocking interferons on their own does not prevent diabetes in knockout NOD mice, so we tested whether JAK inhibitor action on signaling downstream of common γ chain cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7 IL-15, and IL-21, may also affect the progression of diabetes in NOD mice. Common γ chain cytokines activate JAK1 and JAK3 to regulate T cell proliferation. We used a JAK1-selective inhibitor, ABT 317, to better understand the specific role of JAK1 signaling in autoimmune diabetes. ABT 317 reduced IL-21, IL-2, IL-15 and IL-7 signaling in T cells and IFN-γ signaling in β cells, but ABT 317 did not affect GM-CSF signaling in granulocytes. When given in vivo to NOD mice, ABT 317 reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation as well as the number of KLRG+ effector and CD44hiCD62Llo effector memory CD8+ T cells in spleen. ABT 317 also prevented MHC class I upregulation on β cells. Newly diagnosed diabetes was reversed in 94% NOD mice treated twice daily with ABT 317 while still on treatment at 40 days and 44% remained normoglycemic after a further 60 days from discontinuing the drug. Our results indicate that ABT 317 blocks common γ chain cytokines in lymphocytes and interferons in lymphocytes and β cells and are thus more effective against diabetes pathogenesis than IFN-γ receptor deficiency alone. Our studies suggest use of this class of drug for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ge
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaurang Jhala
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Satoru Akazawa
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Litwak
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Evan G Pappas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Catterall
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishan Vakil
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Long
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lisa M Olson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhao M, Zou J, Zhu Y, Yuan X, Liu Q, Cai H, Chu CQ, Liu Y. Differential Profile of Plasma Circular RNAs in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:854-865. [PMID: 32662258 PMCID: PMC7801755 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No currently available biomarkers or treatment regimens fully meet therapeutic needs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recently identified class of stable noncoding RNA that have been documented as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Our objective was to identify and analyze plasma circRNAs altered in T1DM. METHODS We used microarray to screen differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in patients with new onset T1DM (n=3) and age-/gender-matched healthy controls (n=3). Then, we selected six candidates with highest fold-change and validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in independent human cohort samples (n=12). Bioinformatic tools were adopted to predict putative microRNAs (miRNAs) sponged by these validated circRNAs and their downstream messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to gain further insights into T1DM pathogenesis. RESULTS We identified 68 differentially expressed circRNAs, with 61 and seven being up- and downregulated respectively. Four of the six selected candidates were successfully validated. Curations of their predicted interacting miRNAs revealed critical roles in inflammation and pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Functional relations were visualized by a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. GO and KEGG analyses identified multiple inflammation-related processes that could be potentially associated with T1DM pathogenesis, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels and leukocyte activation involved in immune response. CONCLUSION Our study report, for the first time, a profile of differentially expressed plasma circRNAs in new onset T1DM. Further in silico annotations and bioinformatics analyses supported future application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers of T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuewen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beik P, Ciesielska M, Kucza M, Kurczewska A, Kuźmińska J, Maćkowiak B, Niechciał E. Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2805. [PMID: 32872668 PMCID: PMC7563637 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Despite the introduction of advanced technologies for diabetes management, most patients fail to achieve target glycemic control, and T1D still has a high burden of long-term end-organ complications. Over several decades, multiple clinical trials have attempted to find prevention for T1D in at-risk individuals or to stabilize, ultimately reverse, the disease in those with T1D. To date, T1D remains yet incurable condition; however, recently improved understanding of the natural history of the disease may lead to new strategies to preserve or improve beta-cell function in those at increased risk and T1D patients. This publication aims to provide an overview of past experiences and recent findings in the prevention of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elżbieta Niechciał
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (P.B.); (M.C.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (J.K.); (B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sphingolipids in Type 1 Diabetes: Focus on Beta-Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081835. [PMID: 32759843 PMCID: PMC7465050 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with a strong genetic background, leading to a gradual loss of pancreatic beta-cells, which secrete insulin and control glucose homeostasis. Patients with T1DM require life-long substitution with insulin and are at high risk for development of severe secondary complications. The incidence of T1DM has been continuously growing in the last decades, indicating an important contribution of environmental factors. Accumulating data indicates that sphingolipids may be crucially involved in T1DM development. The serum lipidome of T1DM patients is characterized by significantly altered sphingolipid composition compared to nondiabetic, healthy probands. Recently, several polymorphisms in the genes encoding the enzymatic machinery for sphingolipid production have been identified in T1DM individuals. Evidence gained from studies in rodent islets and beta-cells exposed to cytokines indicates dysregulation of the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway and impaired function of several sphingolipids. Moreover, a number of glycosphingolipids have been suggested to act as beta-cell autoantigens. Studies in animal models of autoimmune diabetes, such as the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse and the LEW.1AR1-iddm (IDDM) rat, indicate a crucial role of sphingolipids in immune cell trafficking, islet infiltration and diabetes development. In this review, the up-to-date status on the findings about sphingolipids in T1DM will be provided, the under-investigated research areas will be identified and perspectives for future studies will be given.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang C, Peng SY, Hong S, Chen QW, Zeng X, Rong L, Zhong ZL, Zhang XZ. Biomimetic carbon monoxide nanogenerator ameliorates streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetes in mice. Biomaterials 2020; 245:119986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
17
|
Khilji MS, Verstappen D, Dahlby T, Burstein Prause MC, Pihl C, Bresson SE, Bryde TH, Keller Andersen PA, Klindt K, Zivkovic D, Bousquet-Dubouch MP, Tyrberg B, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Marzec MT. The intermediate proteasome is constitutively expressed in pancreatic beta cells and upregulated by stimulatory, low concentrations of interleukin 1 β. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222432. [PMID: 32053590 PMCID: PMC7018053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A central and still open question regarding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, concerns the processes that underlie the generation of MHC-presented autoantigenic epitopes that become targets of autoimmune attack. Proteasomal degradation is a key step in processing of proteins for MHC class I presentation. Different types of proteasomes can be expressed in cells dictating the repertoire of peptides presented by the MHC class I complex. Of particular interest for type 1 diabetes is the proteasomal configuration of pancreatic β cells, as this might facilitate autoantigen presentation by β cells and thereby their T-cell mediated destruction. Here we investigated whether so-called inducible subunits of the proteasome are constitutively expressed in β cells, regulated by inflammatory signals and participate in the formation of active intermediate or immuno-proteasomes. We show that inducible proteasomal subunits are constitutively expressed in human and rodent islets and an insulin-secreting cell-line. Moreover, the β5i subunit is incorporated into active intermediate proteasomes that are bound to 19S or 11S regulatory particles. Finally, inducible subunit expression along with increase in total proteasome activities are further upregulated by low concentrations of IL-1β stimulating proinsulin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the β cell proteasomal repertoire is more diverse than assumed previously and may be highly responsive to a local inflammatory islet environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khilji
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Danielle Verstappen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tina Dahlby
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Celina Pihl
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Emilie Bresson
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Holgersen Bryde
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phillip Alexander Keller Andersen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Klindt
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dusan Zivkovic
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet-Dubouch
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michal Tomasz Marzec
- Laboratory of Immuno-endocrinology, Inflammation, Metabolism and Oxidation Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Newsholme P, Keane KN, Carlessi R, Cruzat V. Oxidative stress pathways in pancreatic β-cells and insulin-sensitive cells and tissues: importance to cell metabolism, function, and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C420-C433. [PMID: 31216193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In the absence of an appropriate compensatory response from antioxidant mechanisms, the cell, or indeed the tissue, becomes overwhelmed by oxidative stress, leading to the activation of intracellular stress-associated pathways. Activation of the same or similar pathways also appears to play a role in mediating insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and late diabetic complications. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels in vitro suggests a causative role of oxidative stress in mediating the latter clinical conditions. In this review, we describe common biochemical processes associated with oxidative stress driven by hyperglycemia and/or elevated FFA and the resulting clinical outcomes: β-cell dysfunction and peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- Faculty of Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun S, Zhang H, Shan K, Sun T, Lin M, Jia L, Chen YQ. Effect of Different Cereal Peptides on the Development of Type 1 Diabetes is Associated with Their Anti‐inflammatory Ability: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800987. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suling Sun
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Kai Shan
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Tianjun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology & Center for Blood ResearchUniversity of British Columbia 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Mengyuan Lin
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital P. R. China
| | - Lingling Jia
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- School of MedicineJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
- Departments of Cancer Biology and BiochemistryWake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC 27157 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun S, Zhang G, Mu H, Zhang H, Chen YQ. The mixture of corn and wheat peptide prevent diabetes in NOD mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
21
|
Venditti P, Reed TT, Victor VM, Di Meo S. Insulin resistance and diabetes in hyperthyroidism: a possible role for oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:248-268. [PMID: 30843740 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1590567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to insulin, glycemic control involves thyroid hormones. However, an excess of thyroid hormone can disturb the blood glucose equilibrium, leading to alterations of carbohydrate metabolism and, eventually, diabetes. Indeed, experimental and clinical hyperthyroidism is often accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance. A common characteristic of hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes is the altered mitochondrial efficiency caused by the enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It is known that an excess of thyroid hormone leads to increased oxidant production and mitochondrial oxidative damage. It can be hypothesised that these species represent the link between hyperthyroidism and development of insulin resistance and diabetes, even though direct evidence of this relationship is lacking. In this review, we examine the literature concerning the effects of insulin and thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism and discuss alterations of glucose metabolism in hyperthyroid conditions and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underline them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Tanea T Reed
- b Department of Chemistry , Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond , KY , USA
| | - Victor M Victor
- c Service of Endocrinology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO) , Valencia , Spain.,d Department of Physiology , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Javeed N. Shedding Perspective on Extracellular Vesicle Biology in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Syndromes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:399-408. [PMID: 30624638 PMCID: PMC6349001 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of diabetes and associated metabolic derailments is a complex process that relies on crosstalk between metabolically active tissues. Dysregulation of secreted factors and metabolites from islets, adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle contributes to the overall progression of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and are comprised of bioactive cargoes that are horizontally transferred to targeted cells/tissues. Accumulating evidence from the past decade implicates the role of EVs as mediators of islet cell dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic consequences associated with diabetes. This review covers a broad spectrum of basic EV biology (i.e., biogenesis, secretion, and uptake), including a comprehensive investigation of the emerging role of EVs in β-cell autocrine/paracrine interactions and the multidirectional crosstalk in metabolically active tissues. Understanding the utility of this novel means of intercellular communication could impart insight into the development of new treatment regimens and biomarker detection to treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Correspondence: Naureen Javeed, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vonberg AD, Acevedo-Calado M, Cox AR, Pietropaolo SL, Gianani R, Lundy SK, Pietropaolo M. CD19+IgM+ cells demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99860. [PMID: 30518692 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes and reduced destructive insulitis in NOD.scid recipients following splenocyte injections from diabetic NOD donors and sorted CD19+ cells compared with NOD.scid recipients receiving splenocytes alone. This protective effect was age specific (only CD19+ cells from young NOD donors exerted this effect; P < 0.001). We found that the CD19+IgM+ cell is the primary subpopulation of B cells that delayed transfer of diabetes mediated by diabetogenic T cells from NOD mice (P = 0.002). Removal of IgM+ cells from the CD19+ pool did not result in protection. Notably, protection conferred by CD19+IgM+ cotransfers were not dependent on the presence of Tregs, as their depletion did not affect their ability to delay onset of diabetes. Blockade of IL-10 with neutralizing antibodies at the time of CD19+ cell cotransfers also abrogated the therapeutic effect, suggesting that IL-10 secretion was an important component of protection. These results were strengthened by ex vivo incubation of CD19+ cells with IL-5, resulting in enhanced proliferation and IL-10 production and equivalently delayed diabetes progression (P = 0.0005). The potential to expand CD19+IgM+ cells, especially in response to IL-5 stimulation or by pharmacologic agents, may be a new therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vonberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and
| | - Maria Acevedo-Calado
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan L Pietropaolo
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and
| | - Roberto Gianani
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and
| | - Steven K Lundy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaminitz A, Ash S, Askenasy N. Neutralization Versus Reinforcement of Proinflammatory Cytokines to Arrest Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 52:460-472. [PMID: 27677500 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As physiological pathways of intercellular communication produced by all cells, cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory insulitis as well as pivotal mediators of immune homeostasis. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins, interferons, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide promote destructive insulitis in type 1 diabetes through amplification of the autoimmune reaction, direct toxicity to β-cells, and sensitization of islets to apoptosis. The concept that neutralization of cytokines may be of therapeutic benefit has been tested in few clinical studies, which fell short of inducing sustained remission or achieving disease arrest. Therapeutic failure is explained by the redundant activities of individual cytokines and their combinations, which are rather dispensable in the process of destructive insulitis because other cytolytic pathways efficiently compensate their deficiency. Proinflammatory cytokines are less redundant in regulation of the inflammatory reaction, displaying protective effects through restriction of effector cell activity, reinforcement of suppressor cell function, and participation in islet recovery from injury. Our analysis suggests that the role of cytokines in immune homeostasis overrides their contribution to β-cell death and may be used as potent immunomodulatory agents for therapeutic purposes rather than neutralized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Kaminitz
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Shifra Ash
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taenia crassiceps Antigens Control Experimental Type 1 Diabetes by Inducing Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8074329. [PMID: 29249872 PMCID: PMC5698814 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8074329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, causing inability to produce insulin. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, and NO can be released by CD4 and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as by classically activated macrophages (CAMϕs), which are important in the development of T1D. Helminth infections have been shown to prevent T1D, mainly through Th2-biased responses and increased recruitment of regulatory cell populations. Previously, we have shown that Taenia crassiceps infection in mice significantly reduces hyperglycemia, insulitis, and the incidence of T1D. In this study, we determined whether T. crassiceps-derived products such as soluble (TcS) or excreted/secreted (TcES) antigens might have a beneficial influence on the development of experimental T1D. Treatment with different doses before or after induction of T1D was analyzed. Mice that were pretreated with TcS were unable to develop T1D, whereas those receiving TcES early after T1D induction displayed significantly reduced insulitis and hyperglycemia along with increased recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMϕs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Finally, we examined the modulatory role of AAMϕs on T1D by depleting macrophages with clodronate-loaded liposomes, demonstrating that AAMϕs are key cells in T1D regulation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hahn C, Tyka K, Saba JD, Lenzen S, Gurgul-Convey E. Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase protects insulin-secreting cells against cytokine toxicity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20292-20304. [PMID: 29070677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a crucial role of inflammation in cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes mellitus, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifunctional bioactive sphingolipid involved in the development of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the role of intracellular S1P in insulin-secreting INS1E cells by genetically manipulating the S1P-metabolizing enzyme S1P lyase (SPL). The expression of spl was down-regulated by cytokines in INS1E cells and rat islets. Overexpression of SPL protected against cytokine toxicity. Interestingly, the SPL overexpression did not suppress the cytokine-induced NFκB-iNOS-NO pathway but attenuated calcium leakage from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores as manifested by lower cytosolic calcium levels, higher expression of the ER protein Sec61a, decreased dephosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) protein, and weaker caspase-3 activation in cytokine-treated (IL-1β, TNFα, and IFNγ) cells. This coincided with reduced cytokine-mediated ER stress, indicated by measurements of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop) and immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip) levels. Moreover, cytokine-treated SPL-overexpressing cells exhibited increased expression of prohibitin 2 (Phb2), involved in the regulation of mitochondrial assembly and respiration. SPL-overexpressing cells were partially protected against cytokine-mediated ATP reduction and inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion. siRNA-mediated spl suppression resulted in effects opposite to those observed for SPL overexpression. Knockdown of phb2 partially reversed beneficial effects of SPL overexpression. In conclusion, the relatively low endogenous Spl expression level in insulin-secreting cells contributes to their extraordinary vulnerability to proinflammatory cytokine toxicity and may therefore represent a promising target for β-cell protection in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Hahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Tyka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie D Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94609
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiao YC, Chen YL, Pan YH, Tian F, Xu Y, Zhang XX, Zhao HL. The change of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176157. [PMID: 28426801 PMCID: PMC5398633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was used meta-analysis to investigate changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Relevant literatures were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang and Chinese-Cqvip databases (published from January 1, 1999 to September 30, 2016). Eligible reports were included for pooled analysis of serum TNF-α level and subgroup analysis was performed in relation with age, disease duration and ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 23 articles (1631 T1DM cases, 1429 healthy controls) were included for this meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, the patients had significantly increased serum TNF-α level (P < 0.001). Similar results were also found among all subgroup analysis of different age, disease duration and ethnicity (with the exception of Asian) (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that age (P = 0.680), disease duration (P = 0.957), and ethnicity (P = 0.526) of patients were not significant impact factors for the high heterogeneity. The results were stable according to the sensitivity analysis and no publication bias existed in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Serum TNF-α level in T1DM patients has significantly elevated among all age, disease duration and ethnicity groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-chao Qiao
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yin-ling Chen
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yan-hong Pan
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-xi Zhang
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hai-lu Zhao
- Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yolcu ES, Shirwan H, Askenasy N. Fas/Fas-Ligand Interaction As a Mechanism of Immune Homeostasis and β-Cell Cytotoxicity: Enforcement Rather Than Neutralization for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:342. [PMID: 28396667 PMCID: PMC5366321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Nadir Askenasy
- Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation , Petach Tikva , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Askenasy N. Mechanisms of diabetic autoimmunity: I--the inductive interface between islets and the immune system at onset of inflammation. Immunol Res 2016; 64:360-8. [PMID: 26639356 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of autoimmune reactivity onset in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain elusive despite extensive experimentation and discussion. We reconsider several key aspects of the early stages of autoimmunity at four levels: islets, pancreatic lymph nodes, thymic function and peripheral immune homeostasis. Antigen presentation is the islets and has the capacity to provoke immune sensitization, either in the process of physiological neonatal β cell apoptosis or as a consequence of cytolytic activity of self-reactive thymocytes that escaped negative regulation. Diabetogenic effectors are efficiently expanded in both the islets and the lymph nodes under conditions of empty lymphoid niches during a period of time coinciding with a synchronized wave of β cell apoptosis surrounding weaning. A major drive of effector cell activation and expansion is inherent peripheral lymphopenia characteristic of neonates, though it remains unclear when is autoimmunity triggered in subjects displaying hyperglycemia in late adolescence. Our analysis suggests that T1D evolves through coordinated activity of multiple physiological mechanisms of stimulation within specific characteristics of the neonate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, 49202, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Askenasy N. Mechanisms of diabetic autoimmunity: II--Is diabetes a central or peripheral disorder of effector and regulatory cells? Immunol Res 2016; 64:36-43. [PMID: 26482052 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two competing hypotheses aiming to explain the onset of autoimmune reactions are discussed in the context of genetic and environmental predisposition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The first hypothesis has evolved along characterization of the mechanisms of self-discrimination and attributes diabetic autoimmunity to escape of reactive T cells from central regulation in the thymus. The second considers frequent occurrence of autoimmune reactions within the immune homunculus, which are adequately suppressed by regulatory T cells originating from the thymus, and occasionally, insufficient suppression results in autoimmunity. Besides thymic dysfunction, deregulation of both effector and suppressor cells can in fact result from homeostatic aberrations at the peripheral level during initial stages of evolution of adaptive immunity. Pathogenic cells sensitized in the islets are efficiently expanded in the target tissue and pancreatic lymph nodes of lymphopenic neonates. In parallel, the same mechanisms of peripheral sensitization contribute to tolerization through education of naïve/effector T cells and expansion of regulatory T cells. Experimental evidence presented for each individual mechanism implies that T1D may result from a primary effector or suppressor immune abnormality. Disturbed self-tolerance leading to T1D may well result from peripheral deregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, with variable contribution of central thymic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
31
|
Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Endocrine Differentiation in Pancreatic Ductal Cells via STAT3-Dependent NGN3 Activation. Cell Rep 2016; 15:460-470. [PMID: 27068459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of diabetes research is to develop strategies that replenish pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. One emerging strategy is to harness pancreatic plasticity-the ability of pancreatic cells to undergo cellular interconversions-a phenomenon implicated in physiological stress and pancreatic injury. Here, we investigate the effects of inflammatory cytokine stress on the differentiation potential of ductal cells in a human cell line, in mouse ductal cells by pancreatic intraductal injection, and during the progression of autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We find that inflammatory cytokine insults stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the endocrine program in human pancreatic ductal cells via STAT3-dependent NGN3 activation. Furthermore, we show that inflammatory cytokines activate ductal-to-endocrine cell reprogramming in vivo independent of hyperglycemic stress. Together, our findings provide evidence that inflammatory cytokines direct ductal-to-endocrine cell differentiation, with implications for beta cell regeneration.
Collapse
|
32
|
Askenasy N. Mechanisms of autoimmunity in the non-obese diabetic mouse: effector/regulatory cell equilibrium during peak inflammation. Immunology 2016; 147:377-88. [PMID: 26749404 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune imbalance in autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes may originate from aberrant activities of effector cells or dysfunction of suppressor cells. All possible defective mechanisms have been proposed for diabetes-prone species: (i) quantitative dominance of diabetogenic cells and decreased numbers of regulatory T cells, (ii) excessive aggression of effectors and defective function of suppressors, (iii) perturbed interaction between effector and suppressor cells, and (iv) variations in sensitivity to negative regulation. The experimental evidence available to date presents conflicting information on these mechanisms, with identification of perturbed equilibrium on the one hand and negation of critical role of each mechanism in propagation of diabetic autoimmunity on the other hand. In our analysis, there is no evidence that inherent abnormalities in numbers and function of effector and suppressor T cells are responsible for the immune imbalance responsible for propagation of type 1 diabetes as a chronic inflammatory process. Possibly, the experimental tools for investigation of these features of immune activity are still underdeveloped and lack sufficient resolution, in the presence of the extensive biological viability and functional versatility of effector and suppressor elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, Petach Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong K, Xu G, Grayson TB, Shalev A. Cytokines Regulate β-Cell Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP) via Distinct Mechanisms and Pathways. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8428-39. [PMID: 26858253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key regulator of diabetic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, and TXNIP inhibition prevents diabetes in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although we have previously shown that TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, any regulation by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFNγ) has remained largely unexplored. Moreover, even though this three-cytokine mixture is widely used to mimic type 1 diabetes in vitro, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Interestingly, we have now found that this cytokine mixture increases β-cell TXNIP expression; however, although TNFα had no effect, IL-1β surprisingly down-regulated TXNIP transcription, whereas IFNγ increased TXNIP levels in INS-1 β-cells and primary islets. Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1β effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity. In contrast, IFNγ increased pro-apoptotic TXNIP post-transcriptionally via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and suppression of miR-17, a microRNA that targets and down-regulates TXNIP. In fact, miR-17 knockdown was able to mimic the IFNγ effects on TXNIP, whereas miR-17 overexpression blunted the cytokine effect. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ each have distinct and in part opposing effects on β-cell TXNIP expression. These findings thereby provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of TXNIP and β-cell biology and reveal novel links between proinflammatory cytokines, carbohydrate response element binding protein-mediated transcription, and microRNA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Guanlan Xu
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Truman B Grayson
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Anath Shalev
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shao L, Zhou HJ, Zhang H, Qin L, Hwa J, Yun Z, Ji W, Min W. SENP1-mediated NEMO deSUMOylation in adipocytes limits inflammatory responses and type-1 diabetes progression. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8917. [PMID: 26596471 PMCID: PMC4662081 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction correlates with the development of diabetes. Here we show that mice with a adipocyte-specific deletion of the SUMO-specific protease SENP1 gene develop symptoms of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), including hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance with mild insulin resistance. Peri-pancreatic adipocytes from SENP1-deficient mice exhibit heightened NF-κB activity and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce CCL5 expression in adjacent pancreatic islets and direct cytotoxic effects on pancreatic islets. Mechanistic studies show that SENP1 deletion in adipocytes enhances SUMOylation of the NF-κB essential molecule, NEMO, at lysine 277/309, leading to increased NF-κB activity, cytokine production and pancreatic inflammation. We further show that NF-κB inhibitors could inhibit pre-diabetic cytokine production, β-cell damages and ameliorate the T1DM phenotype in SENP1-deficient mice. Feeding a high-fat diet augments both type-1 and type-2 diabetes phenotypes in SENP1-deficient mice, consistent with the effects on adipocyte-derived NF-κB and cytokine signalling. Our study reveals previously unrecognized mechanism regulating the onset and progression of T1DM associated with adipocyte dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - John Hwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Yun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Weidong Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molecular Events Linking Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:181643. [PMID: 26257839 PMCID: PMC4516838 DOI: 10.1155/2015/181643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, a consequence of the alarming rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Oxidative stress and inflammation are key physiological and pathological events linking obesity, insulin resistance, and the progression of type 2 DM (T2DM). Unresolved inflammation alongside a “glucolipotoxic” environment of the pancreatic islets, in insulin resistant pathologies, enhances the infiltration of immune cells which through secretory activity cause dysfunction of insulin-secreting β-cells and ultimately cell death. Recent molecular investigations have revealed that mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance associated with T2DM are detected in conditions such as obesity and MetS, including impaired insulin receptor (IR) signalling in insulin responsive tissues, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The aim of the present review is to describe the evidence linking oxidative stress and inflammation with impairment of insulin secretion and action, which result in the progression of T2DM and other conditions associated with metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Magalhaes I, Kiaf B, Lehuen A. iNKT and MAIT Cell Alterations in Diabetes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:341. [PMID: 26191063 PMCID: PMC4489333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are multifactorial diseases with different etiologies in which chronic inflammation takes place. Defects in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell populations have been reported in both T1D and T2D patients, mouse models and our recent study revealed mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell defects in T2D and obese patients. Regarding iNKT cells many studies in non-obese diabetic mice demonstrated their protective role against T1D whereas their potential role in human T1D is still under debate. Studies in mouse models and patients suggest that iNKT cells present in adipose tissue (AT) could exert a regulatory role against obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as T2D. Scarce data are yet available on MAIT cells; however, we recently described MAIT cell abnormalities in the blood and ATs from obese and T2D patients. These data show that a link between MAIT cells and metabolic disorders pave the way for further investigations on MAIT cells in T1D and T2D in humans and mouse models. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the gut microbiota alterations associated with T1D and T2D could modulate iNKT and MAIT cell frequency and functions. The potential role of iNKT and MAIT cells in the regulation of metabolic pathways and their cross-talk with microbiota represent exciting new lines of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Magalhaes
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin , Paris , France ; UMR8104, CNRS , Paris , France ; Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Badr Kiaf
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin , Paris , France ; UMR8104, CNRS , Paris , France ; Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin , Paris , France ; UMR8104, CNRS , Paris , France ; Laboratoire d'Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Département de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Harms RZ, Yarde DN, Guinn Z, Lorenzo-Arteaga KM, Corley KP, Cabrera MS, Sarvetnick NE. Increased expression of IL-18 in the serum and islets of type 1 diabetics. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:306-312. [PMID: 25576800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases. Here, we analyzed IL-18 levels in the plasma of juveniles with T1D. Compared to control subjects, IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in patients with T1D. On the other hand, levels of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-37, two negative regulators of IL-18 function, remained unchanged when comparing T1D to control samples. Notably, however, although IL-18BP levels were not elevated, IL-18 and IL-18BP were found to be positively correlated in type 1 diabetics. Even so, free, unbound IL-18 remained significantly increased in diabetic patients. Additionally, correlation studies also revealed that IL-18 and IL-18BP are positively correlated with HbA1c levels in T1D patients, suggesting a potential link between IL-18 and metabolic control in these patients. Finally, we observed a significant increase in IL-18 protein expression within human pancreatic islet specimens collected from type 1 diabetics. These results further expand our knowledge of the role of IL-18 in T1D, may give insight into common pathogenic mechanisms associated with metabolic control in both T1D and T2D, and suggest that targeting this cytokine may improve therapeutic outcomes for T1D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Danielle N Yarde
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Zachary Guinn
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Kristina M Lorenzo-Arteaga
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| | - Kevin P Corley
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, 8200 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Monina S Cabrera
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, 8200 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Nora E Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA.,Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5965, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Knyazev OV, Parfenov AI, Shcherbakov PL, Ruchkina IN, Konoplyannikov AG. Cell therapy of refractory Crohn's disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 156:139-45. [PMID: 24319711 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed medium-term efficiency and safety of biological therapy of Crohn's disease, in particular transplantation of allogenic mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells and anticytokine therapy with selective immunosuppressive agents. It was found that both methods of biological therapy of refractory Crohn's disease resulted in clinical and in some cases endoscopic remission. In most cases, clinical remission was maintained without steroid hormone therapy. Thus, both methods produce comparable clinical results. It was concluded that transplantation of mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells could be considered as a promising method in the therapy of refractory Crohn's disease comparable by its efficiency with infliximab therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Knyazev
- Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow Department of Health Care; Medical Radiological Research Center, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
The H1-receptor antagonist cetirizine protects partially against cytokine- and hydrogen peroxide-induced β-TC6 cell death in vitro. Pancreas 2014; 43:624-9. [PMID: 24717804 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that the histamine 1 (H(1)) receptor not only promotes allergic reactions but also modulates autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. In line with this, it has recently been reported that the H(1)-receptor antagonist cetirizine can counteract the activation of signals/factors pertinent to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and cytokine-induced β-cell destruction. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to determine whether H(1)-receptor antagonists affect cytokine-induced β-cell death and signaling in vitro. METHODS The insulin-producing cell line β-TC6 was exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β(+) interferon γ, or hydrogen peroxide. The H(1)-receptor antagonists desloratadine and cetirizine were added to the cell cultures and cell viability; macrophage inhibitory factor levels, c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, c-Jun expression, and β-catenin levels were analyzed by flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. RESULTS Cetirizine protected partially against both cytokine- and hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. This effect was paralleled by an inhibition of cytokine-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, c-Jun induction, and a restoration of macrophage inhibitory factor contents. Cetirizine also increased the β-TC6 cell contents of β-catenin at basal conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a protective effect of a specific H(1)-receptor antagonist.
Collapse
|
40
|
Beta-cell specific production of IL6 in conjunction with a mainly intracellular but not mainly surface viral protein causes diabetes. J Autoimmun 2014; 55:24-32. [PMID: 24582317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. IL6, a pleiotropic cytokine with impact on immune and non-immune cell types, has been proposed to be involved in the events causing both forms of diabetes and to play a key role in experimental insulin-dependent diabetes development. The aim of this study was to investigate how beta-cell specific overexpression of IL-6 influences diabetes development. We developed two lines of rat insulin promoter (RIP)-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) mice that also co-express IL6 in their beta-cells. Expression of the viral nucleoprotein (NP), which has a predominantly intracellular localization, together with IL6 led to hyperglycemia, which was associated with a loss of GLUT-2 expression in the pancreatic beta-cells and infiltration of CD11b(+) cells, but not T cells, in the pancreas. In contrast, overexpression of the LCMV glycoprotein (GP), which can localize to the surface, with IL-6 did not lead to spontaneous diabetes, but accelerated virus-induced diabetes by increasing autoantigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and reducing the regulatory T cell fraction, leading to increased pancreatic infiltration by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as CD11b(+) and CD11c(+) cells. The production of IL-6 in beta-cells acts prodiabetic, underscoring the potential benefit of targeting IL6 in diabetes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Regulation of metabolic fuel homeostasis is a critical function of β-cells, which are located in the islets of Langerhans of the animal pancreas. Impairment of this β-cell function is a hallmark of pancreatic β-cell failure and may lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. β-Cells are essentially "fuel sensors" that monitor and react to elevated nutrient load by releasing insulin. This response involves metabolic activation and generation of metabolic coupling factors (MCFs) that relay the nutrient signal throughout the cell and induce insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Glucose is the most important insulin secretagogue as it is the primary fuel source in food. Glucose metabolism is central to generation of MCFs that lead to insulin release, most notably ATP. In addition, other classes of nutrients are able to augment insulin secretion and these include members of the lipid and amino acid family of nutrients. Therefore, it is important to investigate the interplay between glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as it is this mixed nutrient sensing that generate the MCFs required for insulin exocytosis. The mechanisms by which these nutrients are metabolized to generate MCFs, and how they impact on β-cell insulin release and function, are discussed in detail in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Biomarkers are useful tools for research into type 1 diabetes (T1D) for a number of purposes, including elucidation of disease pathogenesis, risk prediction, and therapeutic monitoring. Susceptibility genes and islet autoantibodies are currently the most useful biomarkers for T1D risk prediction. However, these markers do not fully meet the needs of scientists and physicians for several reasons. First, improvement of the specificity and sensitivity is still desirable to achieve better positive predictive values. Second, autoantibodies appear relatively late in the disease process, thus limiting their value in early disease prediction. Third, the currently available biomarkers are not useful for assessing therapeutic outcomes because some are not involved in the disease process (autoantibodies) and others do not change during disease progression (susceptibility genes). Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the discovery of novel T1D biomarkers in the last three decades. The advent of high-throughput technologies for genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies has allowed genome-wide examinations of genetic polymorphisms, global gene changes, and protein expression changes in T1D patients and prediabetic subjects. These large-scale studies resulted in the discovery of a large number of susceptibility genes and changes in gene and protein expression. While these studies have provided a number of novel biomarker candidates, their clinical benefits remain to be evaluated in prospective studies, and no new "star biomarker" has been identified until now. Previous studies suggest that significant improvements in study design and analytical methodologies have to be made to identify clinically relevant biomarkers. In this review, we discuss progress, opportunities, challenges, and future directions in the development of T1D biomarkers, mainly by focusing on the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chan JY, Biden TJ, Laybutt DR. Cross-talk between the unfolded protein response and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways regulates cytokine-mediated beta cell death in MIN6 cells and isolated mouse islets. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2999-3009. [PMID: 22893028 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes may be mediated by cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signalling are activated by cytokines, but their significance in beta cells remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of cytokine-induced ER stress and NFκB signalling in beta cell destruction. METHODS Isolated mouse islets and MIN6 beta cells were incubated with IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α. The chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) was used to inhibit ER stress. Protein production and gene expression were assessed by western blot and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS We found in beta cells that inhibition of cytokine-induced ER stress with PBA unexpectedly potentiated cell death and NFκB-regulated gene expression. These responses were dependent on NFκB activation and were associated with a prolonged decrease in the inhibitor of κB-α (IκBα) protein, resulting from increased IκBα protein degradation. Cytokine-mediated NFκB-regulated gene expression was also potentiated after pre-induction of ER stress with thapsigargin, but not tunicamycin. Both PBA and thapsigargin treatments led to preferential upregulation of ER degradation genes over ER-resident chaperones as part of the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). In contrast, tunicamycin activated a balanced adaptive UPR in association with the maintenance of Xbp1 splicing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest a novel mechanism by which cytokine-mediated ER stress interacts with NFκB signalling in beta cells, by regulating IκBα degradation. The cross-talk between the UPR and NFκB signalling pathways may be important in the regulation of cytokine-mediated beta cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chan
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Few differences in cytokines between patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1116-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Saraya MA, Al-Fadhli MA, Qasem JA. Diabetic status of patients with leprosy in Kuwait. J Infect Public Health 2012; 5:360-5. [PMID: 23164565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to screen for diabetes mellitus in leprosy patients to elucidate whether leprosy infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in this population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty patients of different ages and of both sexes with various types of leprosy were included in this study. In addition, 15 healthy individuals of comparable age and sex who had no family history of diabetes mellitus were identified as controls. In both groups, determinations of fasting and postprandial blood sugar, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), measures of fasting serum insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), as well as calculations using the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), were carried out. RESULT Approximately 13.3% of the leprosy patients were diabetic, and 37.7% were in pre-diabetic. The highest incidences of diabetes and pre-diabetes were in lepromatous leprosy (10% and 20%, respectively); a lower incidence of pre-diabetes (6.6%) was observed in tuberculoid leprosy; and the lowest incidence of diabetes (0.0%) was noted in borderline leprosy patients. Although normal healthy persons were not diabetic (0%), 20% were pre-diabetic. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the incidence of diabetes was higher in the leprosy patients than in the control group. As a result, we recommend that all leprosy patients should be screened for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Saraya
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Grupillo M, Gualtierotti G, He J, Sisino G, Bottino R, Rudert WA, Trucco M, Fan Y. Essential roles of insulin expression in Aire+ tolerogenic dendritic cells in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance of islet β-cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 273:115-23. [PMID: 22297234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-insulin autoimmunity is one of the primary forces in initiating and progressing β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. While insulin expression in thymic medullary epithelial cells has been shown to be essential for establishing β-cell central tolerance, the function of insulin expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of hematopoietic lineage remains elusive. With a Cre-lox reporter approach, we labeled Aire-expressing cells with enhanced yellow fluorescent proteins, and found that insulin expression in the spleen was restricted predominantly to a population of Aire(+)CD11c(int)B220(+) dendritic cells (DCs). Targeted insulin deletion in APCs failed to induce anti-islet autoimmunity in B6 mice. In contrast, elevated levels of T cell infiltration into islets were observed in B6(g7) congenic mice when insulin was specifically deleted in their CD11c-expressing DCs (B6(g7)·CD11c-ΔIns mice). Thus, insulin expression in BM-derived, Aire(+) tolerogenic DCs may play an essential role to prevent the activation and expansion of insulin-reactive T cells in the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grupillo
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chan JY, Cooney GJ, Biden TJ, Laybutt DR. Differential regulation of adaptive and apoptotic unfolded protein response signalling by cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1766-76. [PMID: 21472432 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α may contribute to pancreatic beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. A mechanism requiring nitric oxide, which is generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in cytokine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis has been proposed. Here, we tested the role of nitric oxide in cytokine-induced ER stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) in beta cells. METHODS Isolated islets from wild-type and iNos (also known as Nos2) knockout (iNos ( -/- )) mice, and MIN6 beta cells were incubated with IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α for 24-48 h. N (G)-methyl-L: -arginine was used to inhibit nitric oxide production in MIN6 cells. Protein levels and gene expression were assessed by western blot and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS In islets and MIN6 cells, inhibition of nitric oxide production had no effect on the generation of ER stress by cytokines, as evidenced by downregulation of Serca2b (also known as Atp2a2) mRNA and increased phosphorylation of PKR-like ER kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α subunit. However, nitric oxide regulated the pattern of UPR signalling, which delineates the cellular decision to adapt to ER stress or to undergo apoptosis. Inhibition of nitric oxide production led to reduced expression of pro-apoptotic UPR markers, Chop (also known as Ddit3), Atf3 and Trib3. In contrast, adaptive UPR markers (chaperones, foldases and degradation enhancers) were increased. Further analysis of mouse islets showed that cytokine-induced Chop and Atf3 expression was also dependent on JNK activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The mechanism by which cytokines induce ER stress in mouse beta cells is independent of nitric oxide production. However, nitric oxide may regulate the switch between adaptive and apoptotic UPR signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Han D, Leyva CA, Matheson D, Mineo D, Messinger S, Blomberg BB, Hernandez A, Meneghini LF, Allende G, Skyler JS, Alejandro R, Pugliese A, Kenyon NS. Immune profiling by multiple gene expression analysis in patients at-risk and with type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2011; 139:290-301. [PMID: 21414848 PMCID: PMC3096683 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for biomarkers to monitor the development and progression of type 1 DM. We analyzed mRNA expression levels for granzyme B, perforin, fas ligand, TNF-α, IFN-γ, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Immunoglobulin G gamma chain (IgG<gamma>) genes in peripheral blood of at-risk, new-onset and long-term type 1 DM , and healthy controls. The majority of the genes were suppressed in long-term type 1 DM compared to controls and new-onset patients. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA levels were significantly higher in new-onset compared to at-risk and long-term groups. There was decreased mRNA expression for AID and IgG<gamma> and up-regulation of IFN-γ with age in controls. Data suggest an overall depressed immunity in long-term type 1 DM. Increased gene expression levels for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in new-onset patients from at-risk patients might be used as potential markers for progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Carlos A. Leyva
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Della Matheson
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Davide Mineo
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shari Messinger
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ana Hernandez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luigi F. Meneghini
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Allende
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jay S. Skyler
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rodolfo Alejandro
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Norma S. Kenyon
- Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Medicine, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA,Department of Surgery, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Groth Grunnet
- Core Unit for Medical Research Methodology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Core Unit for Medical Research Methodology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
CHOP deletion does not impact the development of diabetes but suppresses the early production of insulin autoantibody in the NOD mouse. Apoptosis 2011; 16:438-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|