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Gawryluk A, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Charzynska A, Zakrzewska R, Sobolewska A, Kossut M, Liguz-Lecznar M. Mitigation of aging-related plasticity decline through taurine supplementation and environmental enrichment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19546. [PMID: 39174711 PMCID: PMC11341750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-related biochemical changes in nerve cells lead to dysfunctional synapses and disrupted neuronal circuits, ultimately affecting vital processes such as brain plasticity, learning, and memory. The imbalance between excitation and inhibition in synaptic function during aging contributes to cognitive impairment, emphasizing the importance of compensatory mechanisms. Fear conditioning-related plasticity of the somatosensory barrel cortex, relying on the proper functioning and extensive up regulation of the GABAergic system, in particular interneurons containing somatostatin, is compromised in aging (one-year-old) mice. The present research explores two potential interventions, taurine supplementation, and environmental enrichment, revealing their effectiveness in supporting learning-induced plasticity in the aging mouse brain. They do not act through a mechanism normalizing the Glutamate/GABA balance that is disrupted in aging. Still, they allow for increased somatostatin levels, an effect observed in young animals after learning. These findings highlight the potential of lifestyle interventions and diet supplementation to mitigate age-related cognitive decline by promoting experience-dependent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gawryluk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Charzynska
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Zakrzewska
- Laboratory of Behavioral Methods, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Sobolewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kossut
- Science Diplomacy Board, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Liguz-Lecznar
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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Miranda-Páez A, Marichal-Cancino BA, Sánchez-Castillo H, Vázquez-León P. Acute taurine reduced alcohol intake and preference in alcohol-experienced, but not in alcohol-näive rats by central mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114892. [PMID: 38309374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a non-essential β sulfonated amino acid involved in a plethora of biological functions in the mammalian central nervous system. Taurine is easily accessible in energy drinks for human consumption. Previous preclinical and clinical reports suggest that acute systemic administration of taurine could inhibit some of the behavioral and metabolic effects of alcohol use disorder. Overall, both in rodent and human studies, acute taurine administration reduced voluntary alcohol intake. This study aimed to assess the pharmacological effects of taurine (intracerebroventricular; i.c.v.) on ethanol intake/preference of rats either control (i.e., alcohol naïve) or forced ethanol intake (since juvenile age with a chronic intermittent access model). In addition, to explore anxiety-like behavior (through defensive burying behavior test) as pharmacological control of taurine. We found that acute (i.c.v.) taurine reduced alcohol consumption, i.e., taurine significantly decreased both alcohol intake and preference in adult male Wistar rats. Moreover, taurine elicits an anxiolytic-like effect in all administered groups independently of previous alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo CP: 07738, México City, Mexico
| | - Bruno Antonio Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Hugo Sánchez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología y Neurociencas, 1er Piso Edificio B. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida universidad 3004 colonia Copilco Universidad, C.P. 04510 Alcaldía de Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología y Neurociencas, 1er Piso Edificio B. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida universidad 3004 colonia Copilco Universidad, C.P. 04510 Alcaldía de Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico.
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Taurine Promotes Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Subventricular Zone via Activation of GABA A Receptors. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2206-2219. [PMID: 36862323 PMCID: PMC10181976 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons in the brain, occurs throughout the lifespan in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles of the mammal brain. In this process, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its ionotropic receptor, the GABAA receptor (GABAAR), play a critical role in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration process of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPC). Taurine, a non-essential amino acid widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, increases the proliferation of SVZ progenitor cells by a mechanism that may involve GABAAR activation. Therefore, we characterized the effects of taurine on the differentiation process of NPC expressing GABAAR. Preincubation of NPC-SVZ with taurine increased microtubule-stabilizing proteins assessed with the doublecortin assay. Taurine, like GABA, stimulated a neuronal-like morphology of NPC-SVZ and increased the number and length of primary, secondary, and tertiary neurites compared with control NPC of the SVZ. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth was prevented when simultaneously incubating cells with taurine or GABA and the GABAAR blocker, picrotoxin. Patch-clamp recordings revealed a series of modifications in the NPCs' passive and active electrophysiological properties exposed to taurine, including regenerative spikes with kinetic properties similar to the action potentials of functional neurons.
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Ben-Azu B, Uruaka CI, Ajayi AM, Jarikre TA, Nwangwa KE, Chilaka KC, Chijioke BS, Omonyeme MG, Ozege CB, Ofili EC, Warekoromor EB, Edigbue NL, Esiekpe UV, Akaenyi DE, Agu GO. Reversal and Preventive Pleiotropic Mechanisms Involved in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of Taurine, an Essential β-Amino Acid in Ketamine-Induced Experimental Schizophrenia in Mice. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:816-829. [PMID: 36350433 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a life disabling, multisystem neuropsychiatric disease mostly derived from complex epigenetic-mediated neurobiological changes causing behavioural deficits. Neurochemical disorganizations, neurotrophic and neuroimmune alterations are some of the challenging neuropathologies proving unabated during psychopharmacology of schizophrenia, further bedeviled by drug-induced metabolic derangements including alteration of amino acids. In first-episode schizophrenia patients, taurine, an essential β-amino acid represses psychotic-symptoms. However, its anti-psychotic-like mechanisms remain incomplete. This study evaluated the ability of taurine to prevent or reverse ketamine-induced experimental psychosis and the underlying neurochemical, neurotrophic and neuroinmune mechanisms involved in taurine's clinical action. The study consisted of three different experiments with Swiss mice (n = 7). In the drug alone, mice received saline (10 mL/kg/p.o./day), taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) for 14 days. In the preventive study of separate cohort, mice were concomitantly given ketamine (20 mg/kg/i.p./day) from days 8 to 14. In the reversal study, mice received ketamine for 14 days before taurine or risperidone treatments from days 8 to 14 respectively. Afterwards, stereotypy behaviour, social, non-spatial memory deficits, and body weights were assessed. Neurochemical (dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamic acid decarboxylase, (GAD)), brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-α), interleukin-6, (IL-6)] were assayed in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampal area. Taurine attenuates ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour without changes in body weight. Taurine reduced ketamine-induced dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine changes, and increased GAD and BDNF levels in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus, suggesting increased GABAergic and neurotrophic transmissions. Taurine decreases ketamine-induced increased in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. These findings also suggest that taurine protects against schizophrenia through neurochemical modulations, neurotrophic enhancement, and inhibition of neuropathologic cytokine activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Christian I Uruaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Thiophilus Aghogho Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley E Nwangwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Bienose S Chijioke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marymagdalene G Omonyeme
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Chineye B Ozege
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuella C Ofili
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ebidenara B Warekoromor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Nwanneka L Edigbue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ufoma V Esiekpe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Dabrechi E Akaenyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gladys O Agu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Afe Babalo University, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Beresewicz-Haller M. Hippocampal region-specific endogenous neuroprotection as an approach in the search for new neuroprotective strategies in ischemic stroke. Fiction or fact? Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105455. [PMID: 36410452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, and, while considerable progress has been made in understanding its pathophysiology, the lack of effective treatments remains a major concern. In that context, receiving more and more consideration as a promising therapeutic method is the activation of natural adaptive mechanisms (endogenous neuroprotection) - an approach that seeks to enhance and/or stimulate the endogenous processes of plasticity and protection of the neuronal system that trigger the brain's intrinsic capacity for self-defence. Ischemic preconditioning is a classic example of endogenous neuroprotection, being the process by which one or more brief, non-damaging episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induce tissue resistance to subsequent prolonged, damaging ischemia. Another less-known example is resistance to an I/R episode mounted by the hippocampal region consisting of CA2, CA3, CA4 and the dentate gyrus (here abbreviated to CA2-4, DG). This can be contrasted with the ischemia-vulnerable CA1 region. There is not yet a good understanding of these different sensitivities of the hippocampal regions, and hence of the endogenous neuroprotection characteristic of CA2-4, DG. However, this region is widely reported to have properties distinct from CA1, and capable of generating resistance to an I/R episode. These include activation of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors, greater activation of anti-excitotoxic and anti-oxidant mechanisms, increased plasticity potential, a greater energy reserve and improved mitochondrial function. This review seeks to summarize properties of CA2-4, DG in the context of endogenous neuroprotection, and then to assess the potential utility of these properties to therapeutic approaches. In so doing, it appears to represent the first such addressing of the issue of ischemia resistance attributable to CA2-4, DG.
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Cadoni C, Peana AT. Energy drinks at adolescence: Awareness or unawareness? Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1080963. [PMID: 36891321 PMCID: PMC9986288 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) are beverages similar to soft drinks, characterized by high caffeine concentrations with additional ingredients like taurine and vitamins, marketed for boosting energy, reducing tiredness, increasing concentration, and for their ergogenic effect. The majority of consumers are children, adolescents, and young athletes. Although EDs companies claim about the ergogenic and remineralizing properties of their products, there is a serious lack of evidence at preclinical as well as clinical level to validate their benefits. The regular intake and long-term consequences of these caffeinated drinks are not well documented, especially the possible negative effects in adolescents whose brain is still developing. EDs combined with alcohol are also gaining popularity among adolescents and different publications indicate that this combined consumption might increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder, as well as produce serious adverse cardiovascular effects. There is an increasing need to disseminate knowledge on EDs damage on health, so that adolescents can be aware about the potential harmful outcomes of consuming these drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Kalra J. Crosslink between mutations in mitochondrial genes and brain disorders: implications for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic interventions. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799515 PMCID: PMC9241418 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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Rafiee Z, García-Serrano AM, Duarte JMN. Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:1292. [PMID: 35334949 PMCID: PMC8952284 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities impact brain metabolism and function and constitute risk factors for cognitive impairment. Alterations to taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes, such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and have been reported in both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Models of neurodegenerative disorders show reduced brain taurine concentrations. On the other hand, models of insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin resistance, and diet-induced obesity display taurine accumulation in the hippocampus. Given the possible cytoprotective actions of taurine, such cerebral accumulation of taurine might constitute a compensatory mechanism that attempts to prevent neurodegeneration. The present article provides an overview of brain taurine homeostasis and reviews the mechanisms by which taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. We conclude that further research is needed for understanding taurine homeostasis in metabolic disorders with an impact on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rafiee
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (Z.R.); (A.M.G.-S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alba M. García-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (Z.R.); (A.M.G.-S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (Z.R.); (A.M.G.-S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Electrophysiological Evidence for Anti-epileptic Property of Taurine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:333-340. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wilson CS, Dohare P, Orbeta S, Nalwalk JW, Huang Y, Ferland RJ, Sah R, Scimemi A, Mongin AA. Late adolescence mortality in mice with brain-specific deletion of the volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8A. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21869. [PMID: 34469026 PMCID: PMC8639177 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002745r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat-containing family 8 member A (LRRC8A) is an essential subunit of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). VRAC is critical for cell volume control, but its broader physiological functions remain under investigation. Recent studies in the field indicate that Lrrc8a disruption in the brain astrocytes reduces neuronal excitability, impairs synaptic plasticity and memory, and protects against cerebral ischemia. In the present work, we generated brain-wide conditional LRRC8A knockout mice (LRRC8A bKO) using NestinCre -driven Lrrc8aflox/flox excision in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia. LRRC8A bKO animals were born close to the expected Mendelian ratio and developed without overt histological abnormalities, but, surprisingly, all died between 5 and 9 weeks of age with a seizure phenotype, which was confirmed by video and EEG recordings. Brain slice electrophysiology detected changes in the excitability of pyramidal cells and modified GABAergic inputs in the hippocampal CA1 region of LRRC8A bKO. LRRC8A-null hippocampi showed increased immunoreactivity of the astrocytic marker GFAP, indicating reactive astrogliosis. We also found decreased whole-brain protein levels of the GABA transporter GAT-1, the glutamate transporter GLT-1, and the astrocytic enzyme glutamine synthetase. Complementary HPLC assays identified reduction in the tissue levels of the glutamate and GABA precursor glutamine. Together, these findings suggest that VRAC provides vital control of brain excitability in mouse adolescence. VRAC deletion leads to a lethal phenotype involving progressive astrogliosis and dysregulation of astrocytic uptake and supply of amino acid neurotransmitters and their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Preeti Dohare
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Shaina Orbeta
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Julia W Nalwalk
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Annalisa Scimemi
- Department of Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexander A Mongin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164913. [PMID: 34443494 PMCID: PMC8400259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, we will provide a general overview on the mitochondria biology and the consequence of mitochondrial defects in pathologies. Then, we will discuss the antioxidant action of taurine, particularly in relation to the maintenance of mitochondria function. We will also describe several reported studies on the current use of taurine supplementation in several mitochondria-associated pathologies in humans.
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Mekawy N, Bendaoud M, Yachou Y, El Idrissi A. Hyperreflexia and enhanced ripple oscillations in the taurine-deficient mice. Amino Acids 2021; 53:701-712. [PMID: 33877450 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined neuronal excitability and skeletal muscle physiology and histology in homozygous knockout mice lacking cysteine sulfonic acid decarboxylase (CSAD-KO). Neuronal excitability was measured by intracerebral recording from the prefrontal cortex. Skeletal muscle response was measured through stretch reflex in the ankle muscles. Specifically, we measured the muscle tension, amplitude of electromyogram and velocity of muscle response. Stretch reflex responses were evoked using a specialized stretching device designed for mice. The triceps surae muscle was stretched at various speeds ranging from 18 to 18,000° s-1. A transducer recorded the muscle resistance at each velocity and the corresponding EMG. We also measured the same parameter in anesthetized mice. We found that at each velocity, the CSAD-KO mice generated more tension and exhibited higher EMG responses. To evaluate if the enhanced response was due to neuronal excitability or changes in the passive properties of muscles, we anesthetize mice to eliminate the central component of the reflex. Under these conditions, CSAD-KO mice still exhibited an enhanced stretch reflex response, indicating ultrastructural alterations in muscle histology. Consistent with this, we found that sarcomeres from CSAD-KO muscles were shorter and thinner when compared to control sarcomeres. Neuronal excitability was further investigated using intracerebral recordings of brain waves from the prefrontal cortex. We found that extracellular field potentials in CSAD-KO mice were characterized by reduced amplitude of low-frequency brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) and increased in the high low-frequency brain waves (slow and fast ripples). Increased slow and fast ripple rates serve as a biomarker of epileptogenic brain. We have previously shown that taurine interacts with GABAA receptors and induces biochemical changes in the GABAergic system. We suggest that taurine deficiency leads to alterations in the GABAergic system that contribute to the enhanced stretch reflex in CSAD-KO mice through biochemical mechanisms that involve alterations not only at the spinal level but also at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin Mekawy
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Meriem Bendaoud
- Department of Biology, New Jersey City University, 2039 John F. Kennedy Blvd, Jersey, NJ, 07305, USA
| | - Yassine Yachou
- Neurology Department, Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia
| | - Abdeslem El Idrissi
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
- The Graduate Center, Program in Biology-Neurosciences, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R. New solutions for old challenges in glaucoma treatment: is taurine an option to consider? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:967-971. [PMID: 33229737 PMCID: PMC8178787 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a range of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss and visual field defects. It is recognized as a leading cause of irreversible blindness affecting more than 70 million people worldwide. Currently, reduction of intraocular pressure, a widely recognized risk factor for glaucoma development, is the only pharmacological strategy for slowing down retinal ganglion cell loss and disease progression. However, retinal ganglion cell death and visual field loss have been observed in normotensive glaucoma, suggesting that the disease process is partially independent of intraocular pressure. Taurine is one of the agents that have attracted attention of researchers recently. Taurine has been shown to be involved in multiple cellular functions, including a central role as a neurotransmitter, as a trophic factor in the central nervous system development, as an osmolyte, as a neuromodulator, and as a neuroprotectant. It also plays a role in the maintenance of the structural integrity of the membranes and in the regulation of calcium transport and homeostasis. Taurine is known to prevent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced excitotoxic injury to retinal ganglion cells. A recently published study clearly demonstrated that taurine prevents retinal neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Protective effect of taurine may be attributed to direct inhibition of apoptosis, an activation of brain derived neurotrophic factor-related neuroprotective mechanisms and reduction of retinal oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Further studies are needed to fully explore the potential of taurine as a neuroprotective agent, so that it can be applied in clinical practice, particularly for the treatment of glaucoma. The objective of current review was to summarize recent evidence on neuroprotective properties of taurine in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Volgograd State Medical University, Research Centre for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Freese L, Fraga de Souza M, Schüler Nin M, Calleti G, Flores Peres V, Gomez R, Maria Tannhauser Barros H. Elevated GABA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and lower estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147144. [PMID: 33038296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal models show that cocaine sensitization, a behavioral marker of addiction, is more significant in intact gonadal female than male rats and ovariectomy suppress this behavior in female rats. However, few studies explore changes in neurotransmission related to this phenomenon. Here we investigated the in vivo changes on GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of gonadal intact or ovariectomized female rats after a cocaine challenge administration. Adult female rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), or sham-operated (SHAM) and randomly assigned to control (CTR), acute (ACT), or repeated (RPT) cocaine administration groups. In the challenge day, after eight days of daily cocaine (15 mg/kg) or saline administration and ten days of washout and stereotaxic surgery, RPT and ACT groups received cocaine, and the CTR group received saline. Horizontal locomotion was monitored concomitantly with microdialysate collection to determine extracellular GABA, glutamate, and taurine levels. Hormonal determination in blood samples confirmed the lower hormonal status of the OVX. Cocaine sensitization occurred in SHAM-RPT female rats after the challenge administration. Non-sensitized OVX-RPT rats showed a peak of GABA at 30 min after cocaine administration, with no change on glutamate and taurine levels. Therefore, elevated GABA levels in the mPFC and lower serum estrogen levels abolish cocaine sensitization behavior in ovariectomized female rats. We discuss some possible implications of these finding for future models of cocaine sensitization research lighting in the female hormonal influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilise Fraga de Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Schüler Nin
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacy Program, Centro Universitário Metodista - IPA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Greice Calleti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Flores Peres
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Jia H, Yuan X, Liu S, Feng Q, Zhao J, Zhao L, Xiong Z. Integrated renal metabolomic and metallomic profiling revealed protective effect and metabolic mechanism of Gushudan on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic rat based on GC-MS and ICP-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113705. [PMID: 33188945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, kidney is considered to govern the bones and dominate the store of essence ('jing' in Chinese). Gushudan (GSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment osteoporosis in the clinic and is beneficial for improving kidney function and strengthening bone in vivo. This study aims to reveal the renal metabolic profiling of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats and the potential preventive effect of GSD based on an integrative metabolomic and metallomic approach. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were combined for the investigation of renal metabolomic and metallomic profiling. In the metabolomic analysis, 17 potential biomarkers were found to be related to GIOP, such as glucose, malate, γ-aminobutyric acid and arachidonic acid. And seven metallic elements, including Zn, Mn, Se, Fe, Mo, As and Ba, were identified in rat kidney tissue in the metallomic analysis. The major metabolic pathways included aerobic glycolysis, and neurotransmitter amino acids metabolism. It was worth mentioning that the levels of trace metal elements (Zn, Mn, Se, Fe, As and Ba) significantly reduced in the model group, while the contents of Zn, Mn, Se, Fe and As were elevated after administration of GSD. Finally, a correlation metabolic regulatory network and the metabolic pathways associated with trace metal elements were further investigated to illuminate the role of potential biomarkers and trace metal elements in GIOP rats. These variations of potential biomarkers and trace metal elements suggested the existence of kidney damage and metabolic disorder in GIOP rats, which indicated a close relationship between bone and kidney in vivo. Moreover, the integrated renal metabolomic and metallomic profiling could be as an effective supplementary measure to the plasma and urine metabolomic research, and it was helpful to further understand the holistic formation process of osetoporosis and the potential preventive effects of GSD on GIOP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Xuemei Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China.
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Turco CV, Arsalan SO, Nelson AJ. The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E751. [PMID: 33080965 PMCID: PMC7603156 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approaches are widely used to study cortical and corticospinal function. However, responses to TMS are subject to significant intra-and inter-individual variability. Acute and chronic exposure to recreational substances alters the excitability of the sensorimotor system and may contribute to the variability in TMS outcome measures. The increasing prevalence of recreational substance use poses a significant challenge for executing TMS studies, but there is a lack of clarity regarding the influence of these substances on sensorimotor function. (2) Methods: The literature investigating the influence of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and cannabis on TMS outcome measures of corticospinal, intracortical and interhemispheric excitability was reviewed. (3) Results: Both acute and chronic use of recreational substances modulates TMS measures of excitability. Despite the abundance of research in this field, we identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies to better understand the influence of these substances on TMS outcomes. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the need for TMS studies to take into consideration the history of participant substance use and to control for acute substance use prior to testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (C.V.T.); (S.O.A.)
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Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Shahar S, Ismail IS, Ahmad Azam A, Rajab NF. Urine Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Is Associated with the Dietary Pattern of Successful Aging among Malaysian Elderly. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102900. [PMID: 32977370 PMCID: PMC7597952 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake biomarkers (FIBs) can reflect the intake of specific foods or dietary patterns (DP). DP for successful aging (SA) has been widely studied. However, the relationship between SA and DP characterized by FIBs still needs further exploration as the candidate markers are scarce. Thus, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based urine metabolomics profiling was conducted to identify potential metabolites which can act as specific markers representing DP for SA. Urine sample of nine subjects from each three aging groups, SA, usual aging (UA), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were analyzed using the 1H-NMR metabolomic approach. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied. The association between SA urinary metabolites and its DP was assessed using the Pearson’s correlation analysis. The urine of SA subjects was characterized by the greater excretion of citrate, taurine, hypotaurine, serotonin, and melatonin as compared to UA and MCI. These urinary metabolites were associated with alteration in “taurine and hypotaurine metabolism” and “tryptophan metabolism” in SA elderly. Urinary serotonin (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) and melatonin (r = 0.47, p < 0.05) were associated with oat intake. These findings demonstrate that a metabolomic approach may be useful for correlating DP with SA urinary metabolites and for further understanding of SA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin
- Dietetic Programme, Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetic Programme, Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9289-7602; Fax: +60-3-9289-7161
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (I.S.I.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (I.S.I.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Mersman B, Zaidi W, Syed NI, Xu F. Taurine Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Synapse Development of Both Vertebrate and Invertebrate Central Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32792935 PMCID: PMC7387692 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is widely expressed throughout the human brain, heart, retina, and muscle tissues. Taurine deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy, renal dysfunction, abnormalities of the developing nervous system, and epilepsy which suggests a role specific to excitable tissues. Like vertebrates, invertebrates maintain high levels of taurine during embryonic and larval development, which decline during aging, indicating a potential developmental role. Notwithstanding its extensive presence throughout, taurine’s precise role/s during early brain development, function, and repair remains largely unknown in both vertebrate and invertebrate. Here, we investigated whether taurine affects neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and synaptic transmission between postnatal day 0 rat cortical neurons in vitro, whereas its synaptogenic role was tested more directly using the Lymnaea soma-soma synapse model. We provide direct evidence that when applied at physiological concentrations, taurine exerts a significant neurotrophic effect on neuritic outgrowth and thickness of neurites as well as the expression of synaptic puncta as revealed by immunostaining of presynaptic synaptophysin and postsynaptic PSD95 proteins in rat cortical neurons, indicating direct involvement in synapse development. To demonstrate taurine’s direct effects on neurons in the absence of glia and other confounding factors, we next exploited individually identified pre- and postsynaptic neurons from the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis. We found that taurine increased both the incidence of synapse formation (percent of cells that form synapses) and the efficacy of synaptic transmission between the paired neurons. This effect was comparable, but not additive, to Lymnaea trophic factor-induced synaptogenesis. This study thus provides direct morphological and functional evidence that taurine plays an important role in neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and synaptic transmission during the early stages of brain development and that this role is conserved across both vertebrate and invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Mersman
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wali Zaidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Supplemental taurine during adolescence and early adulthood has sex-specific effects on cognition, behavior and neurotransmitter levels in C57BL/6J mice dependent on exposure window. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106883. [PMID: 32289445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain goes through final maturation during late adolescence and early adulthood with sex differences in timing. The key cellular processes, including changes in neurotransmitter receptor density and synaptic pruning, make this age uniquely vulnerable to neurotoxic insults. Teenagers and young adults are the major consumers of energy drinks, which contain high levels of taurine and caffeine. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the central nervous system, but the effects of supplemental taurine consumption during adolescence has not been well studied. We conducted an initial short-term exposure study with 0.12% taurine in drinking water and a long-term exposure dose-response study using 0.06 and 0.12% taurine in male and female C57BL/6J mice. We examined a broad range of cognitive functions and behaviors and measured neurotransmitter levels. We found no significant differences in anxiety, open field locomotor activity, or sensorimotor gating. However, we found impairments in novel object recognition and sex differences in Morris water maze. When taurine treatment stopped before behavioral experiments began, male mice had significant impairments in spatial learning and memory. In the dose-response study when taurine treatment continued throughout behavioral experiments, females had significant impairments. We also found sex differences in neurotransmitter levels with females having higher levels of glutamate, DOPAC and 5-HIAA. We conclude that both females and males are at risk from excess taurine consumption during final brain maturation.
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20
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Hansen AW, Almeida FB, Bandiera S, Pulcinelli RR, Caletti G, Agnes G, Fernandes de Paula L, Nietiedt NA, Nin MS, Tannhauser Barros HM, Gomez R. Correlations between subunits of GABA A and NMDA receptors after chronic alcohol treatment or withdrawal, and the effect of taurine in the hippocampus of rats. Alcohol 2020; 82:63-70. [PMID: 31473305 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of alcohol and its withdrawal impairs the delicate balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. This imbalance includes changes in GABA receptors - importantly in GABAA subtypes - and glutamate receptors, especially in NMDA subtypes. A better comprehension of the different roles of GABAAR and NMDAR subunits could be helpful to define new strategies to counteract the deleterious effects observed during alcohol withdrawal. Taurine, a sulfonated amino acid, has been proposed to attenuate alcohol withdrawal symptoms due to its neuromodulatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the correlations between GABAAR and NMDAR subunits in the hippocampus of rats chronically treated with alcohol or in alcohol withdrawal, and the effects of taurine treatment on these parameters. Male Wistar rats received alcohol (2 g/kg) or water by oral gavage (control), 2 × /day, for 28 days. From day 29 to day 33, withdrawal rats received water instead of alcohol and all groups were reallocated to receive 100 mg/kg taurine or saline intraperitoneally (i.p.), once a day. On day 34, rats were euthanized and the hippocampus was dissected for GABAAR α1, α4, δ, and γ2 and NMDAR GluN2A and GluN2B subunits mRNA expression determination by RT qPCR. There were no differences between groups in the studied GABAAR and NMDA subunits. However, we observed a correlation of α1 and γ2 subunits induced by taurine, while in the alcohol group there was a correlation between α4 and GluN2A. In the group treated with alcohol and taurine, we observed an extra correlation, between α1 and GluN2A. After 5 days of withdrawal, a correlation observed in the control group, between δ and GluN2A, was reestablished. The correlation found between subunits suggests a neuroadaptation of GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in withdrawal rats. Results from this study contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms beyond neuroadaptations observed in alcohol use and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Witt Hansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Borges Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Bandiera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rianne Remus Pulcinelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Greice Caletti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Agnes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Azuaga Nietiedt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Schüler Nin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista do IPA, Cel. Joaquim Pedro Salgado, 80, 90420-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco (LAT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sub-chronic taurine administration induces behavioral sensitization but does not influence ethanol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 188:172831. [PMID: 31770542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that the amino acid taurine is of importance for the dopamine elevating properties of ethanol. Taurine intake has escalated over the last decade due to increased consumption of taurine-containing energy drinks and dietary supplements. Whether long-term intake of large amounts of taurine induces adaptations affecting ethanol-induced dopamine elevation is not clear. Thus the aim of the present studies was to explore the impact of repeated administration of large amounts of taurine on ethanol-induced behavior and dopamine neurotransmission. Repeated daily systemic administration of taurine increased taurine-induced locomotor activity and rearing. Acute administration of taurine and ethanol in naïve animals produced an additive effect on extracellular taurine but no alteration of the ethanol-induced dopamine elevation, as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Sub-chronic administration of taurine did not modify the taurine- or dopamine-elevating properties of ethanol. Daily taurine treatment also failed to change the mRNA expression of the taurine transporter and GABAA- and glycine-receptor subunits, as measured by qPCR in nucleus accumbens tissue. We conclude that systemic administration of taurine may have long lasting central effects, here displayed as behavioral sensitization. However, repeated daily exposure to taurine does not appear to influence the dopamine elevating properties of ethanol.
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Role of Taurine in Testicular Function in the Fragile x Mouse. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31468394 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder and the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. It is caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) at the Xq27.3. The expansion blocks expression of the gene product, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). The syndrome includes mild to moderate mental retardation and behavioral manifestations such as tactile defensiveness, gaze avoidance, repetitive motor mannerisms, perseverative (repetitive) speech, hyperarousal and it frequently includes seizures. This behavioral phenotype overlaps significantly with autism spectrum disorder. The knockout mice lack normal Fmr1 protein and show macro-orchidism, learning deficits, and hyperactivity. Consequently, this knockout mouse may serve as a valuable tool in the elucidation of the physiological role of FMR1 and the mechanisms involved in macroorchidism, abnormal behavior, abnormalities comparable to those of human fragile X patients. In this study we evaluated the effects of taurine on the testicular physiology to better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying macro-orchidism. We found that there was a significant decrease in the number of Leydig cells in the testis of fragile X mouse. Furthermore, the expression of somatostatin was drastically decreased and differential expression pattern of CDK5 in fragile X mouse testis. In the control testis, CDK is expressed in primary and secondary spermatids whereas in the Fmr1 ko mice CDK 5 is expressed mainly in spermatogonia. Taurine supplementation led to an increase in CDK5 expression in both controls and Ko mice. CDKs (Cyclin-dependent kinases) are a group of serine/threonine protein kinases activated by binding to a regulatory subunit cyclin. Over 20 functionally diverse proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, cell adhesion, transport, and membrane trafficking act as CDK5 substrates elucidating the molecular mechanisms of CDK5 function. CDK5 phosphorylates a diverse list of substrates, implicating it in the regulation of a range of cellular processes. CDK5 is expressed in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and peritubular cells indicating a role in spermatogenesis. In this study we examined the expression levels of CDK5 and how it is affected by taurine supplementation in the testes and found that taurine plays an important role in testicular physiology and corrected some of the pathophysiology observed in the fragile x mouse testis.
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Taurine Regulation of Peripheral Hemodynamics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31468396 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Taurine plays an important role in the modulation of cardiovascular function by acting not only within the brain but also within peripheral tissues. We found that IV injection of taurine to male rats caused hypotension and tachycardia. A single injection of taurine significantly lowered the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure blood pressure in freely moving long Evans control rats. Previousely, we found that the endothelial cells express high levels of taurine transporters and GABAA receptors and showed that taurine activates GABAA receptors. Thus we suggest that the functional implication of GABAA receptors activation is the relaxation of the arterial muscularis, vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Interestingly however, the effects of acute taurine injection were very different that chronic supplementation of taurine. When rats were supplemented taurine (0.05%, 4 weeks) in their drinking water, taurine has significant hypertensive properties. The increase in blood pressure was observed however only in females, males supplemented with taurine did not show an increase in systolic, diastolic or mean arterial pressure. In both genders however, taurine supplementation caused a significant tachycardia. Thus, we suggest that acute administration of taurine may be beneficial to lowering blood pressure. However, our data indicate that supplementation of taurine to females caused a significant increase in blood pressure. It remains to be seen the effect of taurine supplementation on hypertensive rats.
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Butragueño Laiseca L, Toledo del Castillo B, Miranda Herrero M. Energy drinks as a trigger factor for seizures in paediatric patients: A case report. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Butragueño Laiseca L, Toledo del Castillo B, Miranda Herrero M. Bebidas enérgicas como desencadenante de crisis convulsivas en pacientes pediátricos: a propósito de un caso. Neurologia 2019; 34:343-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jakaria M, Azam S, Haque ME, Jo SH, Uddin MS, Kim IS, Choi DK. Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101223. [PMID: 31141786 PMCID: PMC6536745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and known as semi-essential in mammals and is produced chiefly by the liver and kidney. It presents in different organs, including retina, brain, heart and placenta and demonstrates extensive physiological activities within the body. In the several disease models, it attenuates inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated injuries. Taurine also modulates ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis and neuronal activity at the molecular level as part of its broader roles. Different cellular processes such as energy metabolism, gene expression, osmosis and quality control of protein are regulated by taurine. In addition, taurine displays potential ameliorating effects against different neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy and protects against injuries and toxicities of the nervous system. Several findings demonstrate its therapeutic role against neurodevelopmental disorders, including Angelman syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, sleep-wake disorders, neural tube defects and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Considering current biopharmaceutical limitations, developing novel delivery approaches and new derivatives and precursors of taurine may be an attractive option for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we present an overview on the therapeutic potential of taurine against neurological disorders and highlight clinical studies and its molecular mechanistic roles. This article also addresses the neuropharmacological potential of taurine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Song-Hee Jo
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea; Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea; Department of Integrated Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.
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Liu X, Zheng X, Du G, Li Z, Qin X. Brain metabonomics study of the antidepressant-like effect of Xiaoyaosan on the CUMS-depression rats by 1H NMR analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:141-154. [PMID: 30708033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a famous TCM prescription with a long history of clinical use for relieving a wide variety of depression symptoms, consists of Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), Radix PaeoniaeAlba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocepha lae (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), Poria (Poria cocos (Schw.)Wolf), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Herba Menthae Haplocalycis (Mentha haplocalyx Briq.), and Rhizoma Zin-giberis Recens (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to characterize the diversity and variation of two kinds metabolites of brain, i.e. aqueous and lipophilic metabolites, gaining comprehensive insights into the metabolic processes of depression-like behavior, and to reveal the mechanisms of antidepressant-like effects of XYS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first established a CUMS (Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress)-induced depression-like behavior model. We then extracted both aqueous and lipophilic metabolites of rat brains by a two-phase extraction method, which were subsequently characterized by two differential sequences of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Multivariate analysis including Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied. RESULTS Metabolic profiling by PCA indicated that XYS significantly reversed the metabolic perturbation caused by CUMS. OPLS-DA showed a total of 15 metabolites including 6 lipophilic and 9 aqueous metabolites was screened as potential biomarkers involved in CUMS-induced depression-like behavior. On top of this, five pathways including (1)D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, (2) valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, (3) alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, (4) taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and (5) arginine and proline metabolism were recognized as the most influenced pathways associated with the process of CUMS-induced depression-like behavior. Notably, XYS significantly reversed abnormality of 5 aqueous and 4 lipophilic metabolites to normal, suggesting that XYS synergistically mediated abnormalities of multiple pathways (1), (3), (4) and (5). CONCLUSIONS It is the first report to investigate the antidepressant-like effects and underlying mechanisms of XYS from the perspective of brain metabolites. In a broad sense, this study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to interpret mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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McGuire JL, DePasquale EAK, Watanabe M, Anwar F, Ngwenya LB, Atluri G, Romick-Rosendale LE, McCullumsmith RE, Evanson NK. Chronic Dysregulation of Cortical and Subcortical Metabolism After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:2908-2921. [PMID: 30069831 PMCID: PMC7584385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Although chronic disability is common after TBI, effective treatments remain elusive and chronic TBI pathophysiology is not well understood. Early after TBI, brain metabolism is disrupted due to unregulated ion release, mitochondrial damage, and interruption of molecular trafficking. This metabolic disruption causes at least part of the TBI pathology. However, it is not clear how persistent or pervasive metabolic injury is at later stages of injury. Using untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics, we examined ex vivo hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, frontal cortex, and brainstem tissue in a rat lateral fluid percussion model of chronic brain injury. We found altered tissue concentrations of metabolites in the hippocampus and thalamus consistent with dysregulation of energy metabolism and excitatory neurotransmission. Furthermore, differential correlation analysis provided additional evidence of metabolic dysregulation, most notably in brainstem and frontal cortex, suggesting that metabolic consequences of injury are persistent and widespread. Interestingly, the patterns of network changes were region-specific. The individual metabolic signatures after injury in different structures of the brain at rest may reflect different compensatory mechanisms engaged to meet variable metabolic demands across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McGuire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Erica A K DePasquale
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Fatima Anwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Laura B Ngwenya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Gowtham Atluri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | | | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Nathan K Evanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Effects of GADL1 overexpression on cell migration and the associated morphological changes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5298. [PMID: 30923325 PMCID: PMC6438977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, but drug response varies among patients. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase–like protein 1 (GADL1) are found to be associated with lithium response in Han Chinese bipolar patients. In this study, we assessed GADL1 function using a neuroblastoma cell line that stably overexpressed GADL1. Genes encoding factors involved in cell migration, such as FN1, ITGA2, ITGAV and CCL2, were downregulated in GADL1-overexpressing cells. GADL1 overexpression indeed suppressed cell migration. Cell migration speed and perimeter length exhibited similar trends, both of which were decreased under GADL1 overexpression or lithium treatment but increased upon stimulation with CCL2. Secreted GADL1 or its enzyme product, taurine, in the conditioned medium might exert only mild effects on the observed changes. Compared with SH-SY5Y cells, GADL1-overexpressing cells were much more sensitive to CCL2 treatment but less sensitive to lithium, indicating that the level of GADL1 expression can affect cell sensitivity to lithium or CCL2 treatment. Together, these results suggest that cell migration and related morphological changes might provide good indicators of the sensitivity toward lithium treatment, and the GADL1 stable overexpression cell line might serve as a useful platform to screen novel therapeutics for bipolar disorder.
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Strasser A, Xin L, Gruetter R, Sandi C. Nucleus accumbens neurochemistry in human anxiety: A 7 T 1H-MRS study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:365-375. [PMID: 30600114 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in anxiety provide a differential predisposition to develop neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurochemical underpinnings of anxiety remain elusive, particularly in deep structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) whose involvement in anxiety is being increasingly recognized. We examined the associations between the neurochemical profile of human NAc metabolites involved in neural excitation and inhibition and inter-individual variation in temperamental and situational anxiety. Twenty-seven healthy 20-30 years-old human males were phenotyped with questionnaires for state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale), negative mood (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and fatigue (Mental and Physical State Energy and Fatigue Scales, SEF). Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 7 Tesla (7T), we measured metabolite levels for glutamate, glutamine, GABA and taurine in the NAc. Salivary cortisol was also measured. Strikingly, trait anxiety was negatively associated with NAc taurine content. Perceived situational stress was negatively associated with NAc GABA, while positively with the Glu/GABA ratio. No correlation was observed between NAc taurine or GABA and other phenotypic variables examined (i.e., state anxiety, social anxiety, negative mood, or cortisol), except for a negative correlation between taurine and state physical fatigue. This first 7T study of NAc neurochemistry shows relevant metabolite associations with individual variation in anxiety traits and situational stress and state anxiety measurements. The novel identified association between NAc taurine levels and trait anxiety may pave the way for clinical studies aimed at identifying new treatments for anxiety and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Strasser
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
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Taurine Enhances Stretch Reflex Excitability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:359-365. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Miles AR, Hawrysh PJ, Hossein-Javaheri N, Buck LT. Taurine activates glycine and GABA A receptor currents in anoxia-tolerant painted turtle pyramidal neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.181529. [PMID: 30237241 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.181529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Unlike anoxia-intolerant mammals, painted turtles can survive extended periods without oxygen. This is partly accomplished by an anoxia-mediated increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, which activates GABA receptors and mediates spike arrest in turtle neurons via shunting inhibition. Extracellular taurine levels also increase during anoxia; why this occurs is unknown but it is speculated that glycine and/or GABAA/B receptors are involved. Given the general importance of inhibitory neurotransmission in the anoxia-tolerant painted turtle brain, we investigated the function of taurine as an inhibitory neuromodulator in turtle pyramidal neurons. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological methods to record from neurons within a cortical brain sheet, we found that taurine depolarized membrane potential by ∼8 mV, increased whole-cell conductance ∼2-fold, and induced an inward current that possessed characteristics similar to GABA- and glycine-evoked currents. These effects were mitigated following glycine receptor antagonism with strychnine and GABAA receptor antagonism with gabazine, bicuculine or picrotoxin, but were unchanged following GABAB or glutamatergic receptor inhibition. These data indicate that a high concentration of taurine in vitro mediates its effects through both glycine and GABAA receptors, and suggests that taurine, in addition to GABA, inhibits neuronal activity during anoxia in the turtle cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Miles
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Peter J Hawrysh
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Leslie T Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5 .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G5
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Sidime F, Phillips G, LaMassa N, Park E, El Idrissi A. Glucose Homeostasis and Retinal Histopathology in CSAD KO Mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:503-511. [PMID: 28849478 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined glucose homeostasis and retinal histology in homozygous knockout mice lacking CSAD (CSAD-KO). Two-month-old male mice were used including wild type (WT), homozygotes with without supplementation of taurine in the drinking water (1% w/v). Mice were sacrificed and the eyes processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Additional mice were subjected to a glucose tolerance test (7.5 mg/kg BW) after 12 h fasting. We found that CSAD-KO and CSAD-KO treated with taurine were slightly hypoglycemic prior to glucose injection and showed a significantly reduced plasma glucose at 30, 60 and 120 min post-glucose injection, compared to WT. While glucose homeostasis in CSAD-KO was significantly different compared to WT, CSAD-KO supplemented with taurine was without effect. Analysis of retinas by electron microscopy showed that CSAD-KO without taurine supplementation exhibited substantial retinal degeneration. Remaining photoreceptor outer and inner segments were disorganized. Retinal nuclear and synaptic layers were largely absent and there was apparent reorganization of the pigmented epithelial cells. The choroid and sclera were intact. These histological aberrations were largely rectified by taurine supplementation in the drinking water.These data indicate that taurine deficiency alters glucose homeostasis and retinal structure and taurine supplementation improves these retinal abnormalities, but not in hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Sidime
- City University of New York Graduate School, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Greg Phillips
- City University of New York Graduate School, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Nicole LaMassa
- City University of New York Graduate School, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Eunkyue Park
- Office of People with Developmental Disabilities, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Abdeslem El Idrissi
- City University of New York Graduate School, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
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El Idrissi A, El Hilali F, Rotondo S, Sidime F. Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Neuronal Excitability and Glucose Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:271-279. [PMID: 28849462 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the role of chronic taurine supplementation on plasma glucose homeostasis and brain excitability through activation of the insulin receptor. FVB/NJ male mice were supplemented with taurine in drinking water (0.05% w/v) for 4 weeks and subjected to a glucose tolerance test (7.5 mg/kg BW) after 12 h fasting. We found that taurine-fed mice were slightly hypoglycemic prior to glucose injection and showed significantly reduced plasma glucose at 30 and 60 min post-glucose injection when compared to control mice. Previously, we reported that taurine supplementation induces biochemical changes that target the GABAergic system. Those studies show that taurine-fed mice are hyperexcitable, have reduced GABAA receptors expression and increased GAD and somatostatin expression in the brain. In this study, we found that taurine-fed mice had a significant increase in insulin receptor (IR) immuno-reactivity in the pancreas and all brain regions examined. At the mRNA level, we found that the IR showed differential regional expression. Surprisingly, we found that neurons express the gene for insulin and that taurine had a significant role in regulating insulin gene expression. We propose that increased insulin production and secretion in taurine-fed mice cause an increase activation of the central IR and may be partially responsible for the increased neuronal excitability observed in taurine supplemented mice. Furthermore, the high levels of neuronal insulin expression and its regulation by taurine implicates taurine in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslem El Idrissi
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA.
- Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | | | - Salvatore Rotondo
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Francoise Sidime
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Gandhi S, Koundal S, Kaur T, Khushu S, Singh AK. WITHDRAWN: Correlative 1H MRS and High Resolution NMR Metabolomics to study Neurometabolic alterations in Rat Brain due to Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia. Brain Res 2018:S0006-8993(18)30448-7. [PMID: 30153457 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gandhi
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sunil Koundal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatric Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Ochoa-de la Paz LD, González-Andrade M, Pasantes-Morales H, Franco R, Zamora-Alvarado R, Zenteno E, Quiroz-Mercado H, Gonzales-Salinas R, Gulias-Cañizo R. Differential modulation of human GABA C-ρ1 receptor by sulfur-containing compounds structurally related to taurine. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:47. [PMID: 30075755 PMCID: PMC6076408 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) modulates inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. This study aimed to determine if the dual action of taurine on GABAC-ρ1R relates to its structure. To address this, we tested the ability of the structurally related compounds homotaurine, hypotaurine, and isethionic acid to modulate GABAC-ρ1R. RESULTS In Xenopus laevis oocytes, hypotaurine and homotaurine partially activate heterologously expressed GABAC-ρ1R, showing an increment in its deactivation time with no changes in channel permeability, whereas isethionic acid showed no effect. Competitive assays suggest that hypotaurine and homotaurine compete for the GABA-binding site. In addition, their effects were blocked by the ion-channel blockers picrotixin and Methyl(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-yl) phosphinic acid. In contrast to taurine, co-application of GABA with hypotaurine or homotaurine revealed that the dual effect is present separately for each compound: hypotaurine modulates positively the GABA current, while homotaurine shows a negative modulation, both in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, homotaurine diminished hypotaurine-induced currents. Thus, these results strongly suggest a competitive interaction between GABA and homotaurine or hypotaurine for the same binding site. "In silico" modeling confirms these observations, but it also shows a second binding site for homotaurine, which could explain the negative effect of this compound on the current generated by GABA or hypotaurine, during co-application protocols. CONCLUSIONS The sulfur-containing compounds structurally related to taurine are partial agonists of GABAC-ρ1R that occupy the agonist binding site. The dual effect is unique to taurine, whereas in the case of hypotaurine and homotaurine it presents separately; hypotaurine increases and homotaurine decreases the GABA current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin David Ochoa-de la Paz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, México City, México. .,Departamento de Investigación APEC, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Fernández Leal 60, Col. La Concepción Coyoacán, 04020, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Martin González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, México City, México
| | - Herminia Pasantes-Morales
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Rubén Zamora-Alvarado
- Departamento de Investigación APEC, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Fernández Leal 60, Col. La Concepción Coyoacán, 04020, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, México City, México
| | - Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
- Departamento de Investigación APEC, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Fernández Leal 60, Col. La Concepción Coyoacán, 04020, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Gonzales-Salinas
- Departamento de Investigación APEC, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Fernández Leal 60, Col. La Concepción Coyoacán, 04020, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Departamento de Investigación APEC, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Fernández Leal 60, Col. La Concepción Coyoacán, 04020, Mexico City, Mexico
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Heidari R, Jamshidzadeh A, Ghanbarinejad V, Ommati MM, Niknahad H. Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor dysfunction. Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 4:72-82. [PMID: 29904723 PMCID: PMC6000746 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2018.75956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia is a clinical complication associated with liver cirrhosis. The brain is the target organ for ammonia toxicity. Ammonia-induced brain injury is related to oxidative stress, locomotor activity dysfunction, and cognitive deficit, which could lead to permanent brain injury, coma and death if not appropriately managed. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against cirrhosis-associated brain injury. Taurine (TAU) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. Several physiological and pharmacological roles have been attributed to TAU. TAU may act as an antioxidant and is an excellent neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TAU supplementation on cirrhosis-associated locomotor activity disturbances and oxidative stress in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery, and plasma and brain ammonia level, plasma biochemical parameters, and rats' locomotor function were monitored. Furthermore, brain tissue markers of oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS It was found that plasma and brain ammonia was increased, and markers of liver injury were significantly elevated in the cirrhotic group. Impaired locomotor activity was also evident in BDL rats. Moreover, an increase in brain tissue markers of oxidative stress was detected in the brain of cirrhotic animals. It was found that TAU supplementation (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, gavage) alleviated brain tissue markers of oxidative stress and improved animals' locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TAU is a potential protective agent against cirrhosis-associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Paulucio D, Terra A, Santos CG, Cagy M, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, da Costa BM, Gongora M, Alvarenga R, Alonso L, Pompeu FAMS. Acute effect of Ethanol and Taurine on frontal cortex absolute beta power before and after exercise. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538445 PMCID: PMC5851630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol (ET) is a substance that modulates the Central Nervous System (CNS). Frequently, ET intake occurs combined with energy drinks, which contain taurine (TA), an important amino acid found in the body (i.e brain and muscles). Although TA administration has been used in the improvement of physical performance, the impact of TA, ET and exercise remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the acute effect of 6g of Taurine (TA), 0.6 mL∙kg-1 of Ethanol (ET), and Taurine combined with Ethanol (TA+ET) ingestion on the electrocortical activity before and after a moderate intensity exercise in 9 subjects, 5 women (counterbalanced experimental design). In each of the 4 treatments (Placebo—PL, TA, ET and TA+ET), electroencephalography (EEG) tests were conducted in order to analyze changes in absolute beta power (ABP) in the frontal lobe in 3 moments: baseline (before ingestion), peak (before exercise) and post-exercise. In the PL treatment, the frontal areas showed decrease in ABP after exercise. However, in the ET+TA treatment, ABP values were greater after exercise, except for Fp1. The ET treatment had no effect on the Superior Frontal Gyrus area (F3, Fz and F4) and ABP decreased after exercise in Fp1 and Fp2. In the TA treatment, ABP increased after exercise, while it decreased at the peak moment in most of the frontal regions, except for Fp1, F3 and Fz. We concluded that after a moderate intensity exercise, a decrease in cortical activity occurs in placebo treatment. Moreover, we found a inhibitory effect of TA on cortical activity before exercise and a increased in cortical activity after exercise. A small ET dose is not enough to alter ABP in all regions of the frontal cortex and, in combination with TA, it showed an increase in the frontal cortex activity at the post-exercise moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailson Paulucio
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of physiology in soccer, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Augusto Terra
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caleb G. Santos
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Army Biology Institute, Brazilian Army, Rua Francisco Manuel, Triagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno M. da Costa
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Alvarenga
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Alonso
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. M. S. Pompeu
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lunde-Young R, Davis-Anderson K, Naik V, Nemec M, Wu G, Ramadoss J. Regional dysregulation of taurine and related amino acids in the fetal rat brain following gestational alcohol exposure. Alcohol 2018; 66:27-33. [PMID: 29127884 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fetal brain exhibits exquisite alcohol-induced regional neuronal vulnerability. A candidate mechanism for alcohol-mediated brain deficits is disruption of amino acid (AA) bioavailability. AAs are vitally important for proper neurodevelopment, as they comprise the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain and act as neurotransmitter precursors, nitric oxide donors, antioxidants, and neurotrophic factors, which induce synaptogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and migration. We hypothesized that gestational alcohol alters brain AA concentrations, disrupts AAs associated with neuropathogenesis, and that alterations are region-specific. We assigned pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to either a pair-fed control or a binge alcohol treatment group on gestational day (GD) 4. Alcohol animals were acclimatized via a once-daily orogastric gavage of a 4.5 g/kg alcohol dose from GD 5-10, and progressed to a 6 g/kg alcohol dose from GD 11-20. Pair-fed animals received isocaloric maltose dextrin (once daily; GD 5-20). Fetal cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus were collected on GD 21. Following collection, Fluorometric High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) involving pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde quantified regional content of 22 AAs. Chronic binge alcohol administration to pregnant dams regionally altered AA concentrations in all three structures, with the cerebral cortex exhibiting the least vulnerability and the hippocampus exhibiting maximal vulnerability. We conjecture that the AA imbalances observed in this study are critically implicated in pathological and compensatory processes occurring in the brain in response to gestational alcohol exposure.
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Taurine and β-alanine intraperitoneal injection in lactating mice modifies the growth and behavior of offspring. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2024-2029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Taurine restores the exploratory behavior following alcohol withdrawal and decreases BDNF mRNA expression in the frontal cortex of chronic alcohol-treated rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 161:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Caffeinated energy drink intake modulates motor circuits at rest, before and after a movement. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:361-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao B, Bian X, Mahbub R, Lu K. Sex-Specific Effects of Organophosphate Diazinon on the Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolic Functions. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:198-206. [PMID: 27203275 PMCID: PMC5289904 DOI: 10.1289/ehp202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the significance of the gut microbiome to human health, and the association between a perturbed gut microbiome with human diseases has been established. Previous studies also show the role of environmental toxicants in perturbing the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. The wide agricultural use of diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, has raised serious environmental health concerns since it is a potent neurotoxicant. With studies demonstrating the presence of a microbiome-gut-brain axis, it is possible that gut microbiome perturbation may also contribute to diazinon toxicity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of diazinon exposure on the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS We used a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling in a mouse model to examine the functional impact of diazinon on the gut microbiome. RESULTS 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that diazinon exposure significantly perturbed the gut microbiome, and metagenomic sequencing found that diazinon exposure altered the functional metagenome. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed an altered metabolic profile arising from exposure. Of particular significance, these changes were more pronounced for male mice than for female mice. CONCLUSIONS Diazinon exposure perturbed the gut microbiome community structure, functional metagenome, and associated metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of the gut microbiome and its functions as a potential new mechanism contributing to diazinon neurotoxicity and, in particular, its sex-selective effects. Citation: Gao B, Bian X, Mahbub R, Lu K. 2017. Sex-specific effects of organophosphate diazinon on the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. Environ Health Perspect 125:198-206; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP202.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Address correspondence to K. Lu, 140 Environmental Health Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Telephone: (706) 542-1001. E-mail:
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Ren Q, Li M, Yuan L, Song M, Xing X, Shi G, Meng F, Wang R. Acute ammonia toxicity in crucian carp Carassius auratus and effects of taurine on hyperammonemia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:9-14. [PMID: 27510860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of crucian carp Carassius auratus to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with NaCl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected with taurine. Fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia and glutamine contents, and the lowest glutamate content in liver and brain. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) activities, red cell count (RBC), white cell count (WBC), lysozyme (LYZ) activity, complement C3 content of fish in group 2 reflected the lowest, but malondialdehyde content was the highest. Importantly, serum SOD and GSH activites, RBC, WBC, and LYZ activity, C3, C4 and total immunoglobulin contents of fish in group 3 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 2. This study indicates that ammonia exerts its toxic effects by interfering with amino acid transport, inducing ROS generation, leading to malondialdehyde accumulation and immunosuppression of crucian carp. The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meize Song
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Xiaodan Xing
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Singh K, Trivedi R, Haridas S, Manda K, Khushu S. Study of neurometabolic and behavioral alterations in rodent model of mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1748-1758. [PMID: 27779341 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of TBI (70-90%) with consequences of anxiety-like behavioral alterations in approximately 23% of mTBI cases. This study aimed to assess whether mTBI-induced anxiety-like behavior is a consequence of neurometabolic alterations. mTBI was induced using a weight drop model to simulate mild human brain injury in rodents. Based on injury induction and dosage of anesthesia, four animal groups were included in this study: (i) injury with anesthesia (IA); (ii) sham1 (injury only, IO); (iii) sham2 (only anesthesia, OA); and (iv) control rats. After mTBI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) and neurobehavioral analysis were performed in these groups. At day 5, reduced taurine (Tau)/total creatine (tCr, creatine and phosphocreatine) levels in cortex were observed in the IA and IO groups relative to the control. These groups showed mTBI-induced anxiety-like behavior with normal cognition at day 5 post-injury. An anxiogenic effect of repeated dosage of anesthesia in OA rats was observed with normal Tau/tCr levels in rat cortex, which requires further examination. In conclusion, this mTBI model closely mimics human concussion injury with anxiety-like behavior and normal cognition. Reduced cortical Tau levels may provide a putative neurometabolic basis of anxiety-like behavior following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Richa Trivedi
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Seenu Haridas
- Neurobehavior Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Manda
- Neurobehavior Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Metabolomics approach reveals metabolic disorders and potential biomarkers associated with the developmental toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35257. [PMID: 27734936 PMCID: PMC5062249 DOI: 10.1038/srep35257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A are halogenated bisphenol A (H-BPA), and has raised concerns about their adverse effects on the development of fetuses and infants, however, the molecular mechanisms are unclear, and related metabolomics studies are limited. Accordingly, a metabolomics study based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to elucidate the molecular developmental toxicology of H-BPA using the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigmas) embryo model. Here, we revealed decreased synthesis of nucleosides, amino acids and lipids, and disruptions in the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, glycolysis and lipid metabolism, thus inhibiting the developmental processes of embryos exposed to H-BPA. Unexpectedly, we observed enhanced neural activity accompanied by lactate accumulation and accelerated heart rates due to an increase in dopamine pathway and a decrease in inhibitory neurotransmitters following H-BPA exposure. Notably, disorders of the neural system, and disruptions in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, nucleoside metabolism, lipid metabolism, glutamate and aspartate metabolism induced by H-BPA exposure were heritable. Furthermore, lactate and dopa were identified as potential biomarkers of the developmental toxicity of H-BPA and related genetic effects. This study has demonstrated that the metabolomics approach is a useful tool for obtaining comprehensive and novel insights into the molecular developmental toxicity of environmental pollutants.
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Xing X, Li M, Yuan L, Song M, Ren Q, Shi G, Meng F, Wang R. The protective effects of taurine on acute ammonia toxicity in grass carp Ctenopharynodon idellus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:517-522. [PMID: 27514785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with NaCl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected taurine. Fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia content in the liver and brain, and alanine, arginine, glutamine, glutamate and glycine contents in liver. Brain alanine and glutamate of fish in group 2 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 1. Malondialdehyde content of fish in group 2 was the highest, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were the lowest. Although fish in group 2 had the lowest red cell count and hemoglobin, the highest alkaline phosphatase, complement C3, C4 and total immunoglobulin contents appeared in this group. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities, red cell count and hemoglobin of fish in group 3 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 2, but malondialdehyde content is the opposite. This study indicates that ammonia exerts its toxic effects by interfering with amino acid transport, inducing reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde accumulation, leading to blood deterioration and over-activation of immune response. The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Xing
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Meize Song
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Qianyan Ren
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Two insulin-like peptides differentially regulate malaria parasite infection in the mosquito through effects on intermediary metabolism. Biochem J 2016; 473:3487-3503. [PMID: 27496548 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) play important roles in growth and metabolic homeostasis, but have also emerged as key regulators of stress responses and immunity in a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. Furthermore, a growing literature suggests that insulin signaling-dependent metabolic provisioning can influence host responses to infection and affect infection outcomes. In line with these studies, we previously showed that knockdown of either of two closely related, infection-induced ILPs, ILP3 and ILP4, in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi decreased infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum through kinetically distinct effects on parasite death. However, the precise mechanisms by which ILP3 and ILP4 control the response to infection remained unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used a complementary approach of direct ILP supplementation into the blood meal to further define ILP-specific effects on mosquito biology and parasite infection. Notably, we observed that feeding resulted in differential effects of ILP3 and ILP4 on blood-feeding behavior and P. falciparum development. These effects depended on ILP-specific regulation of intermediary metabolism in the mosquito midgut, suggesting a major contribution of ILP-dependent metabolic shifts to the regulation of infection resistance and parasite transmission. Accordingly, our data implicate endogenous ILP signaling in balancing intermediary metabolism for the host response to infection, affirming this emerging tenet in host-pathogen interactions with novel insights from a system of significant public health importance.
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49
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Milioni F, Malta EDS, Rocha LGSDA, Mesquita CAA, de Freitas EC, Zagatto AM. Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:498-503. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Milioni
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis de Souza Malta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Neuwirth LS, Volpe NP, Ng S, Marsillo A, Corwin C, Madan N, Ferraro AM, El Idrissi A. Taurine recovers mice emotional learning and memory disruptions associated with fragile x syndrome in context fear and auditory cued-conditioning. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:425-38. [PMID: 25833515 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, The College of Staten Island CUNY, Staten Island, NY, USA,
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