1
|
Ren B, Guo X, Liu J, Feng G, Hao X, Zhang X, Chen Z. Auxin-Mediated Lateral Root Development in Root Galls of Cucumber under Meloidogyne incognita Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2679. [PMID: 39409549 PMCID: PMC11478513 DOI: 10.3390/plants13192679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes induce the formation of feeding sites within the host roots and the relocation of auxin into galls results in abnormal lateral root growth. Here, we analyzed the changes in cucumber root architecture under Meloidogyne incognita stress and the distribution of auxin in these morphological and molecular root changes. The number of root tips significantly decreased, and regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the size of root galls and the numbers of nematodes in galls compared with the lateral roots on galls, emphasizing the effect of nematode parasitism on root development. Data generated via a promoter-reporter system using the transgenic hairy root system first characterized the auxin distribution during nematode parasitism in cucumber. Using DR5:GUS staining of root galls, we further detected the expression of CsPIN1 and CsAUX1, which regulate polar auxin transport. The results showed that both CsPIN1 and CsAUX1 were induced in galls, and the relative expression of the two genes significantly increased at 21 DAI. The TIBA treatment, which can disrupt polar auxin transport inhibited the numbers of cucumber root tips and total length following increasing concentration gradients. Moreover, the numbers of galls were significantly affected by TIBA treatment, which showed the vital role of auxin during nematode parasitism. Our findings suggest that the transportation of auxin plays an important role during gall formation and induces cucumber lateral root development within nematode feeding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| | - Guifang Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- School of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhiqun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (B.R.); (X.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruan Y, Qiao J, Wang J, Liu Z. NREP, transcriptionally upregulated by HIF-1α, aggravates breast cancer cell growth and metastasis by promoting glycolysis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:210. [PMID: 38697993 PMCID: PMC11066005 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) poses a great threat to women's health. Neuronal regeneration related protein (NREP) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in embryonic development, regeneration, and human disease. However, the biological function of NREP in tumors is rarely reported and its role in BC remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that NREP is highly expressed and closely correlated with poor survival in BC patients. Under hypoxic conditions, NREP was upregulated in BC cells, and this promotion was reversed by hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α suppression. Luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that HIF-1α directly binds to the promoter of NREP to increase the transcriptional activity of NREP. NREP suppression inhibited cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S phase, and promoted apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in BC cells. Suppression of NREP decreased the tube formation ability of HUVECs. In addition, NREP downregulation showed an inhibition effect on cell migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells. In NREP overexpressed cells, all these changes were reversed. In vivo, animal experiments also confirmed that NREP promotes BC tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, NREP promoted cellular glycolysis and enhanced the levels of glucose consumption, ATP, lactate production, and glucose transporters expression in NREP-overexpressed BC cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that NREP could be transcriptional activated by HIF-1α, which may aggravate BC tumor growth and metastasis by promoting cellular glycolysis. This result suggested that NREP may play an essential part in BC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ruan
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeh HE, Sanchez R, Beltrán J, Yang X, Kundariya H, Wamboldt Y, Dopp I, Hafner A, Mackenzie SA. Sensory plastid-associated PsbP DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 triggers plant growth- and defense-related epigenetic responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:414-433. [PMID: 37036138 PMCID: PMC10525003 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensory plastids are important in plant responses to environmental changes. Previous studies show that MutS HOMOLOG 1 (MSH1) perturbation in sensory plastids induces heritable epigenetic phenotype adjustment. Previously, the PsbP homolog DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3 (PPD3), a protein of unknown function, was postulated to be an interactor with MSH1. This study investigates the relationship of PPD3 with MSH1 and with plant environmental sensing. The ppd3 mutant displays a whole-plant phenotype variably altered in growth rate, flowering time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation and response to salt, with effects on meristem growth. Present in both chloroplasts and sensory plastids, PPD3 colocalized with MSH1 in root tips but not in leaf tissues. The suppression or overexpression of PPD3 affected the plant growth rate and stress tolerance, and led to a heritable, heterogenous 'memory' state with both dwarfed and vigorous growth phenotypes. Gene expression and DNA methylome data sets from PPD3-OX and derived memory states showed enrichment in growth versus defense networks and meristem effects. Our results support a model of sensory plastid influence on nuclear epigenetic behavior and ppd3 as a second trigger, functioning within meristem plastids to recalibrate growth plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Jeh
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Robersy Sanchez
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jesús Beltrán
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Current Address: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside CA 92521
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Current Address: School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hardik Kundariya
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yashitola Wamboldt
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588
- Current Address: MatMaCorp, Lincoln, NE
| | - Isaac Dopp
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Alenka Hafner
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sally A. Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nidumolu LCM, Lorilla KM, Chakravarty I, Uhde-Stone C. Soybean Root Transcriptomics: Insights into Sucrose Signaling at the Crossroads of Nutrient Deficiency and Biotic Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112117. [PMID: 37299096 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important agricultural crop, but nutrient deficiencies frequently limit soybean production. While research has advanced our understanding of plant responses to long-term nutrient deficiencies, less is known about the signaling pathways and immediate responses to certain nutrient deficiencies, such as Pi and Fe deficiencies. Recent studies have shown that sucrose acts as a long-distance signal that is sent in increased concentrations from the shoot to the root in response to various nutrient deficiencies. Here, we mimicked nutrient deficiency-induced sucrose signaling by adding sucrose directly to the roots. To unravel transcriptomic responses to sucrose acting as a signal, we performed Illumina RNA-sequencing of soybean roots treated with sucrose for 20 min and 40 min, compared to non-sucrose-treated controls. We obtained a total of 260 million paired-end reads, mapping to 61,675 soybean genes, some of which are novel (not yet annotated) transcripts. Of these, 358 genes were upregulated after 20 min, and 2416 were upregulated after 40 min of sucrose exposure. GO (gene ontology) analysis revealed a high proportion of sucrose-induced genes involved in signal transduction, particularly hormone, ROS (reactive oxygen species), and calcium signaling, in addition to regulation of transcription. In addition, GO enrichment analysis indicates that sucrose triggers crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mae Lorilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Indrani Chakravarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Claudia Uhde-Stone
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stasnik P, Vollmann J, Großkinsky DK, Jonak C. Carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and phenotypic characterization of diverse lines of the climate-resilient food, feed, and bioenergy crop Camelina sativa. Food Energy Secur 2023; 12:e459. [PMID: 38440098 PMCID: PMC10909413 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses tremendous pressure on agriculture. Camelina sativa is an ancient, low-input, high-quality oilseed crop for food, feed and industrial applications that has retained its natural stress tolerance. Its climate resilience, adaptability to different growth conditions, and the qualities of its seed oil and cake have spurred the interest in camelina. However, due to a period of neglect it has not yet undergone intensive breeding and knowledge about this multi-purpose crop is still limited. Metabolism is strongly associated with plant growth and development and little information is available on camelina primary carbohydrate metabolism. Here, eight camelina lines from different geographic and climatic regions were characterized for important growth parameters and agricultural traits. Furthermore, the activities of key enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism were analysed in leaves, seedpods, capsules, and developing seeds. The lines differed in shoot and leaf morphology, plant height, biomass formation as well as in seed yield and seed oil and protein content. Key carbohydrate metabolism enzymes showed specific activity signatures in leaves and reproductive organs during seed development, and different lines exhibited distinct enzyme activity patterns, providing a valuable basis for developing new physiological markers for camelina breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stasnik
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources UnitAIT Austrian Institute of TechnologyKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Johann Vollmann
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources UnitAIT Austrian Institute of TechnologyKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Claudia Jonak
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources UnitAIT Austrian Institute of TechnologyKonrad‐Lorenz‐Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Critical Role of the Glycosyl Hydrolase 17 Protein in Panax ginseng Leaves under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043693. [PMID: 36835103 PMCID: PMC9965409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, an important crop in East Asia, exhibits multiple medicinal and nutritional benefits because of the presence of ginsenosides. On the other hand, the ginseng yield is severely affected by abiotic stressors, particularly salinity, which reduces yield and quality. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the ginseng yield during salinity stress, but salinity stress-induced changes in ginseng are poorly understood, particularly at the proteome-wide level. In this study, we report the comparative proteome profiles of ginseng leaves at four different time points (mock, 24, 72, and 96 h) using a label-free quantitative proteome approach. Of the 2484 proteins identified, 468 were salt-responsive. In particular, glycosyl hydrolase 17 (PgGH17), catalase-peroxidase 2, voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase class 1, and chlorophyll a-b binding protein accumulated in ginseng leaves in response to salt stress. The heterologous expression of PgGH17 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved the salt tolerance of transgenic lines without compromising plant growth. Overall, this study uncovers the salt-induced changes in ginseng leaves at the proteome level and highlights the critical role of PgGH17 in salt stress tolerance in ginseng.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sultana MS, Mazarei M, Millwood RJ, Liu W, Hewezi T, Stewart CN. Functional analysis of soybean cyst nematode-inducible synthetic promoters and their regulation by biotic and abiotic stimuli in transgenic soybean ( Glycine max). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988048. [PMID: 36160998 PMCID: PMC9501883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified cis-regulatory motifs in the soybean (Glycine max) genome during interaction between soybean and soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. The regulatory motifs were used to develop synthetic promoters, and their inducibility in response to SCN infection was shown in transgenic soybean hairy roots. Here, we studied the functionality of two SCN-inducible synthetic promoters; 4 × M1.1 (TAAAATAAAGTTCTTTAATT) and 4 × M2.3 (ATATAATTAAGT) each fused to the -46 CaMV35S core sequence in transgenic soybean. Histochemical GUS analyses of transgenic soybean plants containing the individual synthetic promoter::GUS construct revealed that under unstressed condition, no GUS activity is present in leaves and roots. While upon nematode infection, the synthetic promoters direct GUS expression to roots predominantly in the nematode feeding structures induced by the SCN and by the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. There were no differences in GUS activity in leaves between nematode-infected and non-infected plants. Furthermore, we examined the specificity of the synthetic promoters in response to various biotic (insect: fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda; and bacteria: Pseudomonas syringe pv. glycinea, P. syringe pv. tomato, and P. marginalis) stresses. Additionally, we examined the specificity to various abiotic (dehydration, salt, cold, wounding) as well as to the signal molecules salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the transgenic plants. Our wide-range analyses provide insights into the potential applications of synthetic promoter engineering for conditional expression of transgenes leading to transgenic crop development for resistance improvement in plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mst Shamira Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Reginald J. Millwood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivero-Marcos M, Ariz I. Can N Nutrition Lead to "Plant Diabetes"? The Perspective From Ammonium Nutrition and Methylglyoxal Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928876. [PMID: 35712552 PMCID: PMC9194766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
|
9
|
Elkobrosy DH, Aseel DG, Hafez EE, El-Saedy MA, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Jebril J, Shama S, Abdelsalam NR, Elnahal AS. Quantitative detection of induced systemic resistance genes of potato roots upon ethylene treatment and cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, infection during plant–nematode interactions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3617-3625. [PMID: 35844398 PMCID: PMC9280246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes caused by Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine-restricted pests causing significant yield losses to potato growers. The phytohormone ethylene play significant roles in various plant-pathogen interactions, however, the molecular knowledge of how ethylene influences potato–nematode interaction is still lacking. Precise detection of potato-induced genes is essential for recognizing plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR). Candidate genes or PR- proteins with putative functions in modulating the response to potato cyst nematode stress were selected and functionally characterized. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we measured the quantified expression of four pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, PR2, PR3, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The activation of these genes is intermediate during the ISR signaling in the root tissues. Using different ethylene concentrations could detect and induce defense genes in infected potato roots compared to the control treatment. The observed differences in the gene expression of treated infected plants are because of different concentrations of ethylene treatment and pathogenicity. Besides, the overexpressed or suppressed of defense- related genes during developmental stages and pathogen infection. We concluded that ethylene treatments positively affected potato defensive genes expression levels against cyst nematode infection. The results emphasize the necessity of studying molecular signaling pathways controlling biotic stress responses. Understanding such mechanisms will be critical for the development of broad-spectrum and stress-tolerant crops in the future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Biniaz Y, Tahmasebi A, Afsharifar A, Tahmasebi A, Poczai P. Meta-Analysis of Common and Differential Transcriptomic Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:502. [PMID: 35214836 PMCID: PMC8877356 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses adversely affect crop growth and yield, resulting in major losses to plants. These stresses occur simultaneously in nature, and we therefore conducted a meta-analysis in this study to identify differential and shared genes, pathways, and transcriptomic mechanisms involved in Arabidopsis response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed a total of 436/21 significant up-/downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to biotic stresses, while 476 and 71 significant DEGs were respectively up- and downregulated in response to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, 21 DEGs (2.09%) were commonly regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Except for WRKY45 and ATXTH22, which were respectively up-/down- and down-/upregulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, other common DEGs were upregulated in response to all biotic and abiotic treatments. Moreover, the transcription factors (TFs) bHLH, MYB, and WRKY were the common TFs in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, ath-miR414 and ath-miR5658 were identified to be commonly expressed in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The identified common genes and pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses may provide potential candidate targets for the development of stress resistance breeding programs and for the genetic manipulation of crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Biniaz
- Plant Virology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran; (Y.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran;
- Plant Protection Research Group, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran; (Y.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran;
| | - Péter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00065 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK), P.O. Box 4, H-9731 Kőszeg, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duminil P, Davanture M, Oury C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Tcherkez G, Zivy M, Hodges M, Glab N. Arabidopsis thaliana 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity requires serine 82 phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1478-1489. [PMID: 34174129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutases (PGAMs) catalyse the reversible isomerisation of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a step of glycolysis. PGAMs can be sub-divided into 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent (dPGAM) and -independent (iPGAM) enzymes. In plants, phosphoglycerate isomerisation is carried out by cytosolic iPGAM. Despite its crucial role in catabolism, little is known about post-translational modifications of plant iPGAM. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphoproteomics analyses have previously identified an iPGAM phosphopeptide where serine 82 is phosphorylated. Here, we show that this phosphopeptide is less abundant in dark-adapted compared to illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. In silico comparison of iPGAM protein sequences and 3D structural modelling of AtiPGAM2 based on non-plant iPGAM enzymes suggest a role for phosphorylated serine in the catalytic reaction mechanism. This is confirmed by the activity (or the lack thereof) of mutated recombinant Arabidopsis iPGAM2 forms, affected in different steps of the reaction mechanism. We thus propose that the occurrence of the S82-phosphopeptide reflects iPGAM2 steady-state catalysis. Based on this assumption, the metabolic consequences of a higher iPGAM activity in illuminated versus darkened leaves are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duminil
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Marlène Davanture
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oosterbeek M, Lozano-Torres JL, Bakker J, Goverse A. Sedentary Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Alter Auxin Homeostasis via Multiple Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668548. [PMID: 34122488 PMCID: PMC8193132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary endoparasites such as cyst and root-knot nematodes infect many important food crops and are major agro-economical pests worldwide. These plant-parasitic nematodes exploit endogenous molecular and physiological pathways in the roots of their host to establish unique feeding structures. These structures function as highly active transfer cells and metabolic sinks and are essential for the parasites' growth and reproduction. Plant hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are a fundamental component in the formation of these feeding complexes. However, their underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms are still elusive despite recent advances in the field. This review presents a comprehensive overview of known functions of various auxins in plant-parasitic nematode infection sites, based on a systematic analysis of current literature. We evaluate multiple aspects involved in auxin homeostasis in plants, including anabolism, catabolism, transport, and signalling. From these analyses, a picture emerges that plant-parasitic nematodes have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate auxin homeostasis to establish a successful parasitic relationship with their host. Additionally, there appears to be a potential role for auxins other than IAA in plant-parasitic nematode infections that might be of interest to be further elucidated.
Collapse
|
13
|
Olmo R, Cabrera J, Díaz-Manzano FE, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Barcala M, Ishida T, García A, Andrés MF, Ruiz-Lara S, Verdugo I, Pernas M, Fukaki H, Del Pozo JC, Moreno-Risueno MÁ, Kyndt T, Gheysen G, Fenoll C, Sawa S, Escobar C. Root-knot nematodes induce gall formation by recruiting developmental pathways of post-embryonic organogenesis and regeneration to promote transient pluripotency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:200-215. [PMID: 32129890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) induce new post-embryogenic organs within the roots (galls) where they stablish and differentiate nematode feeding cells, giant cells (GCs). The developmental programmes and functional genes involved remain poorly defined. Arabidopsis root apical meristem (RAM), lateral root (LR) and callus marker lines, SHORT-ROOT/SHR, SCARECROW/SCR, SCHIZORIZA/SCZ, WUSCHEL-RELATED-HOMEOBOX-5/WOX5, AUXIN-RESPONSIVE-FACTOR-5/ARF5, ARABIDOPSIS-HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER-PROTEIN-6/AHP6, GATA-TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-23/GATA23 and S-PHASE-KINASE-ASSOCIATED-PROTEIN2B/SKP2B, were analysed for nematode-dependent expression. Their corresponding loss-of-function lines, including those for LR upstream regulators, SOLITARY ROOT/SLR/IAA14, BONDELOS/BDL/IAA12 and INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID-INDUCIBLE-28/IAA28, were tested for RKN resistance/tolerance. LR genes, for example ARF5 (key factor for root stem-cell niche regeneration), GATA23 (which specifies pluripotent founder cells) and AHP6 (cytokinin-signalling-inhibitor regulating pericycle cell-divisions orientation), show a crucial function during gall formation. RKNs do not compromise the number of founder cells or LR primordia but locally induce gall formation possibly by tuning the auxin/cytokinin balance in which AHP6 might be necessary. Key RAM marker genes were induced and functional in galls. Therefore, the activation of plant developmental programmes promoting transient-pluripotency/stemness leads to the generation of quiescent-centre and meristematic-like cell identities within the vascular cylinder of galls. Nematodes enlist developmental pathways of new organogenesis and/or root regeneration in the vascular cells of galls. This should determine meristematic cell identities with sufficient transient pluripotency for gall organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olmo
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando E Díaz-Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz-Ferrer
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Barcala
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Alejandra García
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Fe Andrés
- Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA, CSIC), Calle de Serrano 115, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Ruiz-Lara
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Isabel Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Mónica Pernas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno-Risueno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmen Fenoll
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dodueva IE, Lebedeva MA, Kuznetsova KA, Gancheva MS, Paponova SS, Lutova LL. Plant tumors: a hundred years of study. PLANTA 2020; 251:82. [PMID: 32189080 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The review provides information on the mechanisms underlying the development of spontaneous and pathogen-induced tumors in higher plants. The activation of meristem-specific regulators in plant tumors of various origins suggests the meristem-like nature of abnormal plant hyperplasia. Plant tumor formation has more than a century of research history. The study of this phenomenon has led to a number of important discoveries, including the development of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technique and the discovery of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to plants. There are two main groups of plant tumors: pathogen-induced tumors (e.g., tumors induced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, etc.), and spontaneous ones, which are formed in the absence of any pathogen in plants with certain genotypes (e.g., interspecific hybrids, inbred lines, and mutants). The causes of the transition of plant cells to tumor growth are different from those in animals, and they include the disturbance of phytohormonal balance and the acquisition of meristematic characteristics by differentiated cells. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of most known examples of plant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina E Dodueva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Maria A Lebedeva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Kuznetsova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Gancheva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Paponova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila L Lutova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin D, Zhang L, Mei J, Chen J, Piao Z, Lee G, Dong Y. Mutation of the rice TCM12 gene encoding 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase affects chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development at seedling stage at low temperatures. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:585-594. [PMID: 30803106 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that provides energy and products of primary metabolites. 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGAM) is a key enzyme that catalyses the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in glycolysis. Low temperature is a common abiotic stress in rice production. However, the mechanism for rice iPGAM genes is not fully understood at low temperature. In this study, the rice mutant tcm12, with chlorosis, malformed chloroplasts and impaired photosynthesis, was grown at a low temperature (<20 °C) to the three-leaf stage, while the normal phenotype at 32 °C was used. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine features of the tcm12 mutant. The inheritance behaviour and function of TCM12 were then analysed thorough map-based cloning, transgenic complementation and subcellular localisation. The thermo-sensitive chlorosis phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide mutation (T→C) on the fifth exon of TCM12 (LOC_Os12g35040) encoding iPGAM, localised to both nucleus and membranes. In addition, TCM12 was constitutively expressed, and its disruption resulted in down-regulation of some genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis at low temperatures (20 °C). This is the first report of the involvement of rice iPGAM gene in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying early growth of rice at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Piao
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fengxian District, Shanghai 3, China
| | - G Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju, Korea
| | - Y Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodziewicz P, Chmielewska K, Sawikowska A, Marczak Ł, Łuczak M, Bednarek P, Mikołajczak K, Ogrodowicz P, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Stobiecki M. Identification of drought responsive proteins and related proteomic QTLs in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2823-2837. [PMID: 30816960 PMCID: PMC6506773 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that negatively influences crop yield. Breeding strategies for improved drought resistance require an improved knowledge of plant drought responses. We therefore applied drought to barley recombinant inbred lines and their parental genotypes shortly before tillering. A large-scale proteomic analysis of leaf and root tissue revealed proteins that respond to drought in a genotype-specific manner. Of these, Rubisco activase in chloroplast, luminal binding protein in endoplasmic reticulum, phosphoglycerate mutase, glutathione S-transferase, heat shock proteins and enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis showed strong genotype×environment interactions. These data were subjected to genetic linkage analysis and the identification of proteomic QTLs that have potential value in marker-assisted breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Rodziewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Chmielewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Sawikowska
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łuczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maciej Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61–704 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu D, Han C, Deng X, Liu Y, Liu N, Yan Y. Integrated physiological and proteomic analysis of embryo and endosperm reveals central salt stress response proteins during seed germination of winter wheat cultivar Zhengmai 366. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30658564 PMCID: PMC6339335 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that affects seed germination, plant growth, and crop production. Seed germination represents the beginning of plant growth and is closely linked with subsequent crop development and ultimate yield formation. This study attempted to extend findings regarding the potential proteomic dynamics during wheat seed germination under salt stress and to explore the mechanism of crop salt response. RESULTS Salt stress significantly affected seed physiological activities during the germination process, resulting in significant decreases in phytohormone and α-amylase activity and significant increases in soluble sugar, starch, and ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. A comparative proteomics approach was applied to analyze the dynamic proteome changes of embryo and endosperm during seed germination in Chinese winter wheat cultivar Zhengmai 366 under salt stress. Two-dimensional electrophoresis identified 92 and 61 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in response to salt stress in embryo and endosperm, respectively. Both organs contained a high proportion of DAPs involved in stress defense, energy metabolism, and protein/amino acid metabolism. The endosperm had more DAPs related to storage proteins and starch metabolism than the embryo, and 2% of DAPs participating in lipid and sterol metabolism were specifically detected in the embryo. CONCLUSIONS Seed physiological activities were significantly affected during the germination process when subjected to salt stress. The DAPs involved in stress defense and energy metabolism were upregulated whereas those related to reserve substance degradation and protein/amino acid metabolism were significantly downregulated, leading to delayed seed germination under salt stress. Our proteomic results revealed synergistic regulation of the response to salt stress during seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmiao Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Caixia Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Proteomics, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry (HCICGI), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chinnapandi B, Bucki P, Fitoussi N, Kolomiets M, Borrego E, Braun Miyara S. Tomato SlWRKY3 acts as a positive regulator for resistance against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by activating lipids and hormone-mediated defense-signaling pathways. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1601951. [PMID: 31010365 PMCID: PMC6546140 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1601951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by plant-parasitic nematodes in vegetables, among them Meloidogyne spp. root-knot nematodes (RKNs), lead to extensive yield decline. A molecular understanding of the mechanisms underlying plants' innate resistance may enable developing safe alternatives to harmful chemical nematicides in controlling RKNs. A tight relationship has been revealed between the WRKY transcription factors and RKN parasitism on tomato roots. We investigated the function role of tomato SlWRK3 and SlWRKY35 in regulating nematode disease development. Using promoter-GUS reporter gene fusions, we show that both SlWRKY3 and SlWRKY35 are induced within 5 days of infection and through feeding-site development and gall maturation, with a much stronger response of the former vs. the latter to nematode infection. Histological analysis of nematode-feeding sites indicated a high expression of SlWRKY3 in developing and mature feeding cells and associated vasculature cells, whereas SlWRKY35 expression was only observed in mature feeding sites. Both SlWRKY3 and SlWRKY35 promoters were induced by the defense phytohormones salicylic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, with no response to either jasmonic acid or methyl jasmonate. SlWRKY3 overexpression resulted in lower infection of the RKN Meloidogyne javanica, whereas knocking down SlWRKY3 resulted in increased infection. Phytohormone and oxylipin profiles determined by LC-MS/MS showed that the enhanced resistance in the former is coupled with an increased accumulation of defense molecules from the shikimate and oxylipin pathways. Our results pinpoint SlWRKY3 as a positive regulator of induced resistance in response to nematode invasion and infection, mostly during the early stages of nematode infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Chinnapandi
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Patricia Bucki
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nathalia Fitoussi
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Eli Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Sigal Braun Miyara
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- CONTACT Sigal Braun Miyara Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Smant G, Helder J, Goverse A. Parallel adaptations and common host cell responses enabling feeding of obligate and facultative plant parasitic nematodes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:686-702. [PMID: 29277939 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parallel adaptations enabling the use of plant cells as the primary food source have occurred multiple times in distinct nematode clades. The hallmark of all extant obligate and facultative plant-feeding nematodes is the presence of an oral stylet, which is required for penetration of plant cell walls, delivery of pharyngeal gland secretions into host cells and selective uptake of plant assimilates. Plant parasites from different clades, and even within a single clade, display a large diversity in feeding behaviours ranging from short feeding cycles on single cells to prolonged feeding on highly sophisticated host cell complexes. Despite these differences, feeding of nematodes frequently (but certainly not always) induces common responses in host cells (e.g. endopolyploidization and cellular hypertrophy). It is thought that these host cell responses are brought about by the interplay of effectors and other biological active compounds in stylet secretions of feeding nematodes, but this has only been studied for the most advanced sedentary plant parasites. In fact, these responses are thought to be fundamental for prolonged feeding of sedentary plant parasites on host cells. However, as we discuss in this review, some of these common plant responses to independent lineages of plant parasitic nematodes might also be generic reactions to cell stress and as such their onset may not require specific inputs from plant parasitic nematodes. Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes may utilize effectors and their ability to synthesize other biologically active compounds to tailor these common responses for prolonged feeding on host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Genetic and epigenetic control of transfer cell development in plants. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:533-539. [PMID: 27618166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The inter-cellular translocation of nutrients in plant is mediated by highly specialized transfer cells (TCs). TCs share similar functional and structural features across a wide range of plant species, including location at plant exchange surfaces, rich in secondary wall ingrowths, facilitation of nutrient flow, and passage of select molecules. The fate of endosperm TCs is determined in the TC fate acquisition stage (TCF), before the structure features are formed in the TC differentiation stage (TCD). At present, the molecular basis of TC development in plants remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the important roles of the signaling molecules in different development phases, such as sugars in TCF and phytohormones in TCD, and discuss the genetic and epigenetic factors, including TC-specific genes and endogenous plant peptides, and their crosstalk with these signaling molecules as a complex regulatory network in regulation of TC development in plants.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kyndt T, Goverse A, Haegeman A, Warmerdam S, Wanjau C, Jahani M, Engler G, de Almeida Engler J, Gheysen G. Redirection of auxin flow in Arabidopsis thaliana roots after infection by root-knot nematodes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4559-70. [PMID: 27312670 PMCID: PMC4973730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes induce the formation of giant cells within the plant root, and it has been recognized that auxin accumulates in these feeding sites. Here, we studied the role of the auxin transport system governed by AUX1/LAX3 influx proteins and different PIN efflux proteins during feeding site development in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Data generated via promoter-reporter line and protein localization analyses evoke a model in which auxin is being imported at the basipetal side of the feeding site by the concerted action of the influx proteins AUX1 and LAX3, and the efflux protein PIN3. Mutants in auxin influx proteins AUX1 and LAX3 bear significantly fewer and smaller galls, revealing that auxin import into the feeding sites is needed for their development and expansion. The feeding site development in auxin export (PIN) mutants was only slightly hampered. Expression of some PINs appears to be suppressed in galls, probably to prevent auxin drainage. Nevertheless, a functional PIN4 gene seems to be a prerequisite for proper nematode development and gall expansion, most likely by removing excessive auxin to stabilize the hormone level in the feeding site. Our data also indicate a role of local auxin peaks in nematode attraction towards the root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kyndt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aska Goverse
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Haegeman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Warmerdam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Wanjau
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mona Jahani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pogorelko G, Juvale PS, Rutter WB, Hewezi T, Hussey R, Davis EL, Mitchum MG, Baum TJ. A cyst nematode effector binds to diverse plant proteins, increases nematode susceptibility and affects root morphology. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:832-44. [PMID: 26575318 PMCID: PMC6638508 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes are plant-parasitic roundworms that are of significance in many cropping systems around the world. Cyst nematode infection is facilitated by effector proteins secreted from the nematode into the plant host. The cDNAs of the 25A01-like effector family are novel sequences that were isolated from the oesophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). To aid functional characterization, we identified an orthologous member of this protein family (Hs25A01) from the closely related sugar beet cyst nematode H. schachtii, which infects Arabidopsis. Constitutive expression of the Hs25A01 CDS in Arabidopsis plants caused a small increase in root length, accompanied by up to a 22% increase in susceptibility to H. schachtii. A plant-expressed RNA interference (RNAi) construct targeting Hs25A01 transcripts in invading nematodes significantly reduced host susceptibility to H. schachtii. These data document that Hs25A01 has physiological functions in planta and a role in cyst nematode parasitism. In vivo and in vitro binding assays confirmed the specific interactions of Hs25A01 with an Arabidopsis F-box-containing protein, a chalcone synthase and the translation initiation factor eIF-2 β subunit (eIF-2bs), making these proteins probable candidates for involvement in the observed changes in plant growth and parasitism. A role of eIF-2bs in the mediation of Hs25A01 virulence function is further supported by the observation that two independent eIF-2bs Arabidopsis knock-out lines were significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Pogorelko
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Parijat S Juvale
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - William B Rutter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66505, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Richard Hussey
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eric L Davis
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Favery B, Quentin M, Jaubert-Possamai S, Abad P. Gall-forming root-knot nematodes hijack key plant cellular functions to induce multinucleate and hypertrophied feeding cells. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26211599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among plant-parasitic nematodes, the root-knot nematodes (RKNs) of the Meloidogyne spp. are the most economically important genus. RKN are root parasitic worms able to infect nearly all crop species and have a wide geographic distribution. During infection, RKNs establish and maintain an intimate relationship with the host plant. This includes the creation of a specialized nutritional structure composed of multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells, which result from the redifferentiation of vascular root cells. Giant cells constitute the sole source of nutrients for the nematode and are essential for growth and reproduction. Hyperplasia of surrounding root cells leads to the formation of the gall or root-knot, an easily recognized symptom of plant infection by RKNs. Secreted effectors produced in nematode salivary glands and injected into plant cells through a specialized feeding structure called the stylet play a critical role in the formation of giant cells. Here, we describe the complex interactions between RKNs and their host plants. We highlight progress in understanding host plant responses, focusing on how RKNs manipulate key plant processes and functions, including cell cycle, defence, hormones, cellular scaffold, metabolism and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Favery
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Stéphanie Jaubert-Possamai
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France; CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ng JLP, Perrine-Walker F, Wasson AP, Mathesius U. The Control of Auxin Transport in Parasitic and Symbiotic Root-Microbe Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:606-43. [PMID: 27135343 PMCID: PMC4844411 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most field-grown plants are surrounded by microbes, especially from the soil. Some of these, including bacteria, fungi and nematodes, specifically manipulate the growth and development of their plant hosts, primarily for the formation of structures housing the microbes in roots. These developmental processes require the correct localization of the phytohormone auxin, which is involved in the control of cell division, cell enlargement, organ development and defense, and is thus a likely target for microbes that infect and invade plants. Some microbes have the ability to directly synthesize auxin. Others produce specific signals that indirectly alter the accumulation of auxin in the plant by altering auxin transport. This review highlights root-microbe interactions in which auxin transport is known to be targeted by symbionts and parasites to manipulate the development of their host root system. We include case studies for parasitic root-nematode interactions, mycorrhizal symbioses as well as nitrogen fixing symbioses in actinorhizal and legume hosts. The mechanisms to achieve auxin transport control that have been studied in model organisms include the induction of plant flavonoids that indirectly alter auxin transport and the direct targeting of auxin transporters by nematode effectors. In most cases, detailed mechanisms of auxin transport control remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Liang Pin Ng
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Building 134, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | | | | | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Building 134, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kammerhofer N, Radakovic Z, Regis JMA, Dobrev P, Vankova R, Grundler FMW, Siddique S, Hofmann J, Wieczorek K. Role of stress-related hormones in plant defence during early infection of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:778-89. [PMID: 25825039 PMCID: PMC4657489 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterodera schachtii, a plant-parasitic cyst nematode, invades host roots and induces a specific syncytial feeding structure, from which it withdraws all required nutrients, causing severe yield losses. The system H. schachtii-Arabidopsis is an excellent research model for investigating plant defence mechanisms. Such responses are suppressed in well-established syncytia, whereas they are induced during early parasitism. However, the mechanisms by which the defence responses are modulated and the role of phytohormones are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of hormone-based defence responses at the onset of nematode infection. First, concentrations of main phytohormones were quantified and the expression of several hormone-related genes was analysed using quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR or GeneChip. Further, the effects of individual hormones were evaluated via nematode attraction and infection assays using plants with altered endogenous hormone concentrations. Our results suggest a pivotal and positive role for ethylene during nematode attraction, whereas jasmonic acid triggers early defence responses against H. schachtii. Salicylic acid seems to be a negative regulator during later syncytium and female development. We conclude that nematodes are able to impose specific changes in hormone pools, thus modulating hormone-based defence and signal transduction in strict dependence on their parasitism stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kammerhofer
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT TullnKonrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Zoran Radakovic
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department Molecular Phytomedicine, University BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jully M A Regis
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT TullnKonrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicRozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicRozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department Molecular Phytomedicine, University BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department Molecular Phytomedicine, University BonnKarlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Hofmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT TullnKonrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, UFT TullnKonrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Author for correspondence:,
Krzysztof Wieczorek
,
Tel: +43 1 47654 3397
,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zuluaga AP, Solé M, Lu H, Góngora-Castillo E, Vaillancourt B, Coll N, Buell CR, Valls M. Transcriptome responses to Ralstonia solanacearum infection in the roots of the wild potato Solanum commersonii. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:246. [PMID: 25880642 PMCID: PMC4391584 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum commersonii is a wild potato species that exhibits high tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses and has been used as a source of genes for introgression into cultivated potato. Among the interesting features of S. commersonii is resistance to the bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, one of the most devastating bacterial diseases of crops. RESULTS In this study, we used deep sequencing of S. commersonii RNA (RNA-seq) to analyze the below-ground plant transcriptional responses to R. solanacearum. While a majority of S. commersonii RNA-seq reads could be aligned to the Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja DM reference genome sequence, we identified 2,978 S. commersonii novel transcripts through assembly of unaligned S. commersonii RNA-seq reads. We also used RNA-seq to study gene expression in pathogen-challenged roots of S. commersonii accessions resistant (F118) and susceptible (F97) to the pathogen. Expression profiles obtained from read mapping to the S. tuberosum reference genome and the S. commersonii novel transcripts revealed a differential response to the pathogen in the two accessions, with 221 (F118) and 644 (F97) differentially expressed genes including S. commersonii novel transcripts in the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, 22.6% of the F118 and 12.8% of the F97 differentially expressed genes had been previously identified as responsive to biotic stresses and half of those up-regulated in both accessions had been involved in plant pathogen responses. Finally, we compared two different methods to eliminate ribosomal RNA from the plant RNA samples in order to allow dual mapping of RNAseq reads to the host and pathogen genomes and provide insights on the advantages and limitations of each technique. CONCLUSIONS Our work catalogues the S. commersonii transcriptome and strengthens the notion that this species encodes specific genes that are differentially expressed to respond to bacterial wilt. In addition, a high proportion of S. commersonii-specific transcripts were altered by R. solanacearum only in F118 accession, while phythormone-related genes were highly induced in F97, suggesting a markedly different response to the pathogen in the two plant accessions studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Paola Zuluaga
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Haibin Lu
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Elsa Góngora-Castillo
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Nuria Coll
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Marc Valls
- Genetics Department, Universitat de Barcelona and Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gene expression profiling for seed protein and oil synthesis during early seed development in soybean. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Li R, Rashotte AM, Singh NK, Weaver DB, Lawrence KS, Locy RD. Integrated signaling networks in plant responses to sedentary endoparasitic nematodes: a perspective. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:5-22. [PMID: 25208657 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary plant endoparasitic nematodes can cause detrimental yield losses in crop plants making the study of detailed cellular, molecular, and whole plant responses to them a subject of importance. In response to invading nematodes and nematode-secreted effectors, plant susceptibility/resistance is mainly determined by the coordination of different signaling pathways including specific plant resistance genes or proteins, plant hormone synthesis and signaling pathways, as well as reactive oxygen signals that are generated in response to nematode attack. Crosstalk between various nematode resistance-related elements can be seen as an integrated signaling network regulated by transcription factors and small RNAs at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and/or translational levels. Ultimately, the outcome of this highly controlled signaling network determines the host plant susceptibility/resistance to nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Transcriptome analysis highlights changes in the leaves of maize plants cultivated in acidic soil containing toxic levels of Al3+. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8107-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Hewezi T, Piya S, Richard G, Rice JH. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of auxin response transcription factors in the syncytium induced by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:730-6. [PMID: 24433277 PMCID: PMC6638651 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of a multinucleated feeding site in the infected root, termed the syncytium. Recent studies point to key roles of the phytohormone auxin in the regulation of gene expression and establishment of the syncytium. Nevertheless, information about the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the transcription factors that mediate auxin transcriptional responses during syncytium formation is limited. Here, we provide a gene expression map of 22 auxin response factors (ARFs) during the initiation, formation and maintenance stages of the syncytium induced by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis. We observed distinct and overlapping expression patterns of ARFs throughout syncytium development phases. We identified a set of ARFs whose expression is predominantly located inside the developing syncytium, whereas others are expressed in the neighbouring cells, presumably to initiate specific transcriptional programmes required for their incorporation within the developing syncytium. Our analyses also point to a role of certain ARFs in determining the maximum size of the syncytium. In addition, several ARFs were found to be highly expressed in fully developed syncytia, suggesting a role in maintaining the functional phenotype of mature syncytia. The dynamic distribution and overlapping expression patterns of various ARFs seem to be essential characteristics of ARF activity during syncytium development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Removing PCR for the elimination of undesired DNA fragments cycle by cycle. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2303. [PMID: 23892515 PMCID: PMC3725479 DOI: 10.1038/srep02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel removing polymerase chain reaction (R-PCR) technique was developed, which can eliminate undesired genes, cycle by cycle, with efficiencies of 60.9% (cDNAs), 73.6% (genomic DNAs), and ~ 100% (four DNA fragments were tested). Major components of the R-PCR include drivers, a thermostable restriction enzyme - ApeKI, and a poly(dA) adapter with mismatched restriction enzyme recognition sites. Drivers were generated from the undesired genes. In each cycle of R-PCR, drivers anneal to complementary sequences and allow extension by Taq DNA polymerase. Thus, ApeKI restriction sites in the undesired genes are recovered, and adapters of these undesired DNA fragments are removed. Using R-PCR, we isolated maize upregulated defense-responsive genes and Blumeria graminis specialized genes, including key pathogenesis-related effectors. Our results show that after the R-PCR reaction, most undesired genes, including very abundant genes, became undetectable. The R-PCR is an easy and cost-efficient method to eliminate undesired genes and clone desired genes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Khatabi B, Wen RH, Hajimorad MR. Fitness penalty in susceptible host is associated with virulence of Soybean mosaic virus on Rsv1-genotype soybean: a consequence of perturbation of HC-Pro and not P3. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:885-97. [PMID: 23782556 PMCID: PMC6638797 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The multigenic Rsv1 locus in the soybean plant introduction (PI) 'PI96983' confers extreme resistance against the majority of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) strains, including SMV-N, but not SMV-G7 and SMV-G7d. In contrast, in susceptible soybean cultivars lacking a functional Rsv1 locus, such as 'Williams82' (rsv1), SMV-N induces severe disease symptoms and accumulates to a high level, whereas both SMV-G7 and SMV-G7d induce mild symptoms and accumulate to a significantly lower level. Gain of virulence by SMV-N on Rsv1-genotype soybean requires concurrent mutations in both the helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro) and P3 cistrons. This is because of the presence of at least two resistance (R) genes, probably belonging to the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class, within the Rsv1 locus, independently mediating the recognition of HC-Pro or P3. In this study, we show that the majority of experimentally evolved mutational pathways that disrupt the avirulence functions of SMV-N on Rsv1-genotype soybean also result in mild symptoms and reduced accumulation, relative to parental SMV-N, in Williams82 (rsv1). Furthermore, the evaluation of SMV-N-derived HC-Pro and P3 chimeras, containing homologous sequences from virulent SMV-G7 or SMV-G7d strains, as well as SMV-N-derived variants containing HC-Pro or P3 point mutation(s) associated with gain of virulence, reveals a direct correlation between the perturbation of HC-Pro and a fitness penalty in Williams82 (rsv1). Collectively, these data demonstrate that gain of virulence by SMV on Rsv1-genotype soybean results in fitness loss in a previously susceptible soybean genotype, this being a consequence of mutations in HC-Pro, but not in P3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Khatabi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang ZB, Eticha D, Führs H, Heintz D, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Schlingmann B, Rao IM, Braun HP, Horst WJ. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5569-86. [PMID: 24123251 PMCID: PMC3871817 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (OS) reduces cell-wall (CW) porosity and limits aluminium (Al) uptake by root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A subsequent transcriptomic study suggested that genes related to CW processes are involved in adjustment to OS. In this study, a proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach was applied to identify OS-induced protein regulation to further improve our understanding of how OS affects Al accumulation. Analysis of total soluble proteins in root tips indicated that, in total, 22 proteins were differentially regulated by OS; these proteins were functionally categorized. Seventy-seven per- cent of the total expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, particularly of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. An analysis of the apoplastic proteome revealed that OS reduced the level of five proteins and increased that of seven proteins. Investigation of the total soluble phosphoproteome suggested that dehydrin responded to OS with an enhanced phosphorylation state without a change in abundance. A cellular immunolocalization analysis indicated that dehydrin was localized mainly in the CW. This suggests that dehydrin may play a major protective role in the OS-induced physical breakdown of the CW structure and thus maintenance of the reversibility of CW extensibility during recovery from OS. The proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses provided novel insights into the complex mechanisms of OS-induced reduction of Al accumulation in the root tips of common bean and highlight a key role for modification of CW structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Führs
- Applied Research and Advisory Service Agro, K+S KALI GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner-Strasse 7, 34131 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), 28 rue Goethe, CNRS-UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Schlingmann
- Institute of BioPhysics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kyndt T, Vieira P, Gheysen G, de Almeida-Engler J. Nematode feeding sites: unique organs in plant roots. PLANTA 2013; 238:807-18. [PMID: 23824525 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although generally unnoticed, nearly all crop plants have one or more species of nematodes that feed on their roots, frequently causing tremendous yield losses. The group of sedentary nematodes, which are among the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes, cause the formation of special organs called nematode feeding sites (NFS) in the root tissue. In this review we discuss key metabolic and cellular changes correlated with NFS development, and similarities and discrepancies between different types of NFS are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kyndt
- Department Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mattiello L, da Silva FR, Menossi M. Linking microarray data to QTLs highlights new genes related to Al tolerance in maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 191-192:8-15. [PMID: 22682560 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of aluminum (Al) is one of the main factors limiting crop yield in Brazil and worldwide. Plant responses to Al are complex, and the use of techniques such as microarrays can facilitate their comprehension. In a previous work, we evaluated the transcriptome of two maize lines, Cat100-6 and S1587-17, after growing the plants for 1 or 3 days in acid soil (pH 4.1) or alkaline soil with Ca(OH)₂ (pH 5.5), and we identified genes that likely contribute to Al tolerance. The mapping of these genes to the chromosomes allowed the identification of the genes that are localized in maize QTLs previously reported in the literature as associated with the tolerant phenotype. We were able to map genes encoding proteins possibly involved with acid soil tolerance, such as the ones encoding an RNA binding protein, a protease inhibitor, replication factors, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase and cyclins, inside QTLs known to be important for the Al-tolerant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mattiello
- Laboratório Genoma Funcional, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Damiani I, Baldacci-Cresp F, Hopkins J, Andrio E, Balzergue S, Lecomte P, Puppo A, Abad P, Favery B, Hérouart D. Plant genes involved in harbouring symbiotic rhizobia or pathogenic nematodes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:511-522. [PMID: 22360638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and development of plant-microorganism interactions involve impressive transcriptomic reprogramming of target plant genes. The symbiont (Sinorhizobium meliloti) and the root knot-nematode pathogen (Meloidogyne incognita) induce the formation of new root organs, the nodule and the gall, respectively. Using laser-assisted microdissection, we specifically monitored, at the cell level, Medicago gene expression in nodule zone II cells, which are preparing to receive rhizobia, and in gall giant and surrounding cells, which play an essential role in nematode feeding and constitute the typical root swollen structure, respectively. We revealed an important reprogramming of hormone pathways and C1 metabolism in both interactions, which may play key roles in nodule and gall neoformation, rhizobia endocytosis and nematode feeding. Common functions targeted by rhizobia and nematodes were mainly down-regulated, whereas the specificity of the interaction appeared to involve up-regulated genes. Our transcriptomic results provide powerful datasets to unravel the mechanisms involved in the accommodation of rhizobia and root-knot nematodes. Moreover, they raise the question of host specificity and the evolution of plant infection mechanisms by a symbiont and a pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Damiani
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Fabien Baldacci-Cresp
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Julie Hopkins
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Emilie Andrio
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- URGV UMR INRA 1165 - CNRS 8114 - UEVE, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5708, F-91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Didier Hérouart
- INRA, UMR 1301, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 6243, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mitchum MG, Wang X, Wang J, Davis EL. Role of nematode peptides and other small molecules in plant parasitism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 50:175-95. [PMID: 22578179 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular, genetic, and biochemical studies are demonstrating an increasingly important role of peptide signaling in nematode parasitism of plants. To date, the majority of nematode-secreted peptides identified share similarity with plant CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) peptides, but bioinformatics analyses of nematode genomes have revealed sequences homologous to other classes of plant peptide hormones that may be utilized by these pests. Extracellular host receptors for secreted nematode peptides are beginning to be identified and their roles in parasitism elucidated. Here, we outline recent advances from studies of biologically active nematode-secreted peptides that function as molecular mimics of endogenous plant peptides to promote parasitism. Several strategies are being used to exploit this information to provide new targets for engineering nematode resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mazarei M, Liu W, Al-Ahmad H, Arelli PR, Pantalone VR, Stewart CN. Gene expression profiling of resistant and susceptible soybean lines infected with soybean cyst nematode. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 123:1193-206. [PMID: 21800143 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most devastating pathogen of soybean. Information about the molecular basis of soybean-SCN interactions is needed to assist future development of effective management tools against this pathogen. Toward this end, soybean transcript abundance was measured using the Affymetrix Soybean Genome Array in a susceptible and a resistant reaction of soybean to SCN infection. Two genetically related soybean sister lines TN02-226 and TN02-275, which are resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the SCN race 2 infection were utilized in these experiments. Pairwise comparisons followed by false discovery rate analysis indicated that the expression levels of 162 transcripts changed significantly in the resistant line, of which 84 increased while 78 decreased. However, in the susceptible line, 1,694 transcripts changed significantly, of which 674 increased while 1,020 decreased. Comparative analyses of these transcripts indicated that a total of 51 transcripts were in common between resistance and susceptible responses. In this set, 42 transcripts increased in the resistant line, but decreased in the susceptible line. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the results of microarray analysis. Of the transcripts to which a function could be assigned, genes were associated with metabolism, cell wall modification, signal transduction, transcription, and defense. Microarray analyses examining two genetically related soybean lines against the same SCN population provided additional insights into the specific changes in gene expression of a susceptible and a resistant reaction beneficial for identification of genes involved in defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao Z, Assmann SM. The glycolytic enzyme, phosphoglycerate mutase, has critical roles in stomatal movement, vegetative growth, and pollen production in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5179-89. [PMID: 21813794 PMCID: PMC3193020 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements require massive changes in guard cell osmotic content, and both stomatal opening and stomatal closure have been shown to be energy-requiring processes. A possible role for glycolysis in contributing to the energetic, reducing requirements, or signalling processes regulating stomatal movements has not been investigated previously. Glycolysis, oxidization of glucose to pyruvate, is a central metabolic pathway and yields a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH. 2,3-biphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGAM) is a key enzymatic activity in glycolysis and catalyses the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. To investigate functions of iPGAMs and glycolysis in stomatal function and plant growth, Arabidopsis insertional mutants in At1g09780 and At3g08590, both of which have been annotated as iPGAMs on the basis of sequence homology, were identified and characterized. While single mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type in all plant phenotypes assayed, double mutants had no detectable iPGAM activity and showed defects in blue light-, abscisic acid-, and low CO(2)-regulated stomatal movements. Vegetative plant growth was severely impaired in the double mutants and pollen was not produced. The data demonstrate that iPGAMs and glycolytic activity are critical for guard cell function and fertility in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gheysen G, Mitchum MG. How nematodes manipulate plant development pathways for infection. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:415-21. [PMID: 21458361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes establish long term relationships with their hosts. Root vascular cells are transformed into large multinucleate feeding cells from which the nematodes feed for more than one month. Recent transcriptome analyses suggest that feeding cells are different from other plant cell types. Their development, however, remains poorly understood, despite new evidence that appears to confirm previously proposed models, such as the important role of auxin. From the analysis of nematode effector proteins that interact with plant proteins, it has become clear that nematodes manipulate many aspects of plant development, including auxin transport and plant cell differentiation pathways. These studies are also revealing roles for effectors in the inhibition of plant stress and defense responses to establish feeding cells. In the coming years breakthroughs can be expected in our understanding of plant-nematode interactions from the functional analysis of nematode effector genes as well as the involved plant genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godelieve Gheysen
- Ghent University, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee C, Chronis D, Kenning C, Peret B, Hewezi T, Davis EL, Baum TJ, Hussey R, Bennett M, Mitchum MG. The novel cyst nematode effector protein 19C07 interacts with the Arabidopsis auxin influx transporter LAX3 to control feeding site development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:866-80. [PMID: 21156858 PMCID: PMC3032472 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.167197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes penetrate plant roots and transform cells near the vasculature into specialized feeding sites called syncytia. Syncytia form by incorporating neighboring cells into a single fused cell by cell wall dissolution. This process is initiated via injection of esophageal gland cell effector proteins from the nematode stylet into the host cell. Once inside the cell, these proteins may interact with host proteins that regulate the phytohormone auxin, as cellular concentrations of auxin increase in developing syncytia. Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) Hg19C07 is a novel effector protein expressed specifically in the dorsal gland cell during nematode parasitism. Here, we describe its ortholog in the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), Hs19C07. We demonstrate that Hs19C07 interacts with the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) auxin influx transporter LAX3. LAX3 is expressed in cells overlying lateral root primordia, providing auxin signaling that triggers the expression of cell wall-modifying enzymes, allowing lateral roots to emerge. We found that LAX3 and polygalacturonase, a LAX3-induced cell wall-modifying enzyme, are expressed in the developing syncytium and in cells to be incorporated into the syncytium. We observed no decrease in H. schachtii infectivity in aux1 and lax3 single mutants. However, a decrease was observed in both the aux1lax3 double mutant and the aux1lax1lax2lax3 quadruple mutant. In addition, ectopic expression of 19C07 was found to speed up lateral root emergence. We propose that Hs19C07 most likely increases LAX3-mediated auxin influx and may provide a mechanism for cyst nematodes to modulate auxin flow into root cells, stimulating cell wall hydrolysis for syncytium development.
Collapse
|
42
|
Jin J, Hewezi T, Baum TJ. The Arabidopsis bHLH25 and bHLH27 transcription factors contribute to susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 65:319-28. [PMID: 21223395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful cyst nematode parasitism depends on the formation and maintenance of feeding sites (syncytia) in host roots, and these processes are highly regulated by the interaction between the cyst nematode and the host. Using an integrated research approach and the Arabidopsis-Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) pathosystem, we have determined that the two Arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors bHLH25 and bHLH27 positively influence cyst nematode parasitism. Promoter studies indicated that as early as 1 day post-inoculation, both transcription factor genes were upregulated in developing syncytia, whereas in non-infected plants, these two promoters were not found to be active in the same cells. By using yeast two-hybrid analyses and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we documented that the two bHLH transcription factors can dimerize in planta. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing either one or both of the bHLH genes exhibited altered morphology of roots and shoots, as well as an increased susceptibility to H. schachtii. bhlh25 or bhlh27 single mutants were without strong phenotypes, presumably because of functional redundancies in this gene family. However, the bhlh25 bhlh27 double mutant was less susceptible to H. schachtii, confirming an important conducive role of the co-expression of both transcription factor genes for cyst nematode parasitism. Our results document an example of pathogen-induced ectopic co-expression of two regulatory genes to enhance pathogen success, although these transcription factors apparently do not function in concert in non-infected plants. This is an intriguing biological phenomenon that highlights the complexity of obligate biotrophic plant-pathogen interactions, like those of cyst nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Swiecicka M, Filipecki M, Lont D, Van Vliet J, Qin L, Goverse A, Bakker J, Helder J. Dynamics in the tomato root transcriptome on infection with the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:487-500. [PMID: 19523102 PMCID: PMC6640267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes infect roots and trigger the formation of specialized feeding sites by substantial reprogramming of the developmental process of root cells. In this article, we describe the dynamic changes in the tomato root transcriptome during early interactions with the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism-based mRNA fingerprinting (cDNA-AFLP), we monitored 17 600 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) in infected and uninfected tomato roots, 1-14 days after inoculation with nematode larvae. Six hundred and twenty-four TDFs (3.5%) showed significant differential expression on nematode infection. We employed GenEST, a computer program which links gene expression profiles generated by cDNA-AFLP and databases of cDNA sequences, to identify 135 tomato sequences. These sequences were grouped into eight functional categories based on the presence of genes involved in hormone regulation, plant pathogen defence response, cell cycle and cytoskeleton regulation, cell wall modification, cellular signalling, transcriptional regulation, primary metabolism and allocation. The presence of unclassified genes was also taken into consideration. This article describes the responsiveness of numerous tomato genes hitherto uncharacterized during infection with endoparasitic cyst nematodes. The analysis of transcriptome profiles allowed the sequential order of expression to be dissected for many groups of genes and the genes to be connected with the biological processes involved in compatible interactions between the plant and nematode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Swiecicka
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grunewald W, Cannoot B, Friml J, Gheysen G. Parasitic nematodes modulate PIN-mediated auxin transport to facilitate infection. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000266. [PMID: 19148279 PMCID: PMC2613529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are destructive plant pathogens that cause significant yield losses. They induce highly specialized feeding sites (NFS) in infected plant roots from which they withdraw nutrients. In order to establish these NFS, it is thought that the nematodes manipulate the molecular and physiological pathways of their hosts. Evidence is accumulating that the plant signalling molecule auxin is involved in the initiation and development of the feeding sites of sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. Intercellular transport of auxin is essential for various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we analysed the spatial and temporal expression of PIN auxin transporters during the early events of NFS establishment using promoter-GUS/GFP fusion lines. Additionally, single and double pin mutants were used in infection studies to analyse the role of the different PIN proteins during cyst nematode infection. Based on our results, we postulate a model in which PIN1-mediated auxin transport is needed to deliver auxin to the initial syncytial cell, whereas PIN3 and PIN4 distribute the accumulated auxin laterally and are involved in the radial expansion of the NFS. Our data demonstrate that cyst nematodes are able to hijack the auxin distribution network in order to facilitate the infection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Grunewald
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molecular Approaches Toward Resistance to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. CELL BIOLOGY OF PLANT NEMATODE PARASITISM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85215-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
46
|
Molecular Insights in the Susceptible Plant Response to Nematode Infection. CELL BIOLOGY OF PLANT NEMATODE PARASITISM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85215-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
47
|
Hewezi T, Howe P, Maier TR, Baum TJ. Arabidopsis small RNAs and their targets during cyst nematode parasitism. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2008; 21:1622-34. [PMID: 18986258 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-21-12-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialized feeding cells in infected roots, which involves plant developmental processes that have been shown to be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs. This observation provided the foundation to investigate the potential involvement of small RNAs in plant-cyst nematode interactions. First, we examined the susceptibilities of Arabidopsis DICER-like (dcl) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rdr) mutants to the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The examined mutants exhibited a trend of decreased susceptibility, suggesting a role of small RNAs mediating gene regulation processes during the plant-nematode interaction. Second, we generated two small RNA libraries from aseptic Arabidopsis roots harvested at 4 and 7 days after infection with surface-sterilized H. schachtii. Sequences of known miRNAs as well as novel small interfering (si)RNAs were identified. Following this discovery, we used real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to quantify a total of 15 Arabidopsis transcripts that are known targets of six of the different miRNA families found in our study (miR160, miR164, miR167, miR171, miR396, and miR398) in inoculated and noninoculated Arabidopsis roots. Our analyses showed mostly negative correlations between miRNA accumulation and target gene mRNA abundance, suggesting regulatory roles of these miRNAs during parasitism. Also, we identified a total of 125 non-miRNA siRNAs. Some of these siRNAs perfectly complement protein-coding mRNAs or match transposon or retrotransposon sequences in sense or antisense orientations. We further quantified a group of siRNAs in H. schachtii-inoculated roots. The examined siRNAs exhibited distinct expression patterns in infected and noninfected roots, providing additional evidence for the implication of small RNAs in cyst nematode parasitism. These data lay the foundation for detailed analyses of the functions of small RNAs during phytonematode parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kant P, Gordon M, Kant S, Zolla G, Davydov O, Heimer YM, Chalifa-Caspi V, Shaked R, Barak S. Functional-genomics-based identification of genes that regulate Arabidopsis responses to multiple abiotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:697-714. [PMID: 18182014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are a primary cause of crop loss worldwide. The convergence of stress signalling pathways to a common set of transcription factors suggests the existence of upstream regulatory genes that control plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. To identify such genes, data from published Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress microarray analyses were combined with our presented global analysis of early heat stress-responsive gene expression, in a relational database. A set of Multiple Stress (MST) genes was identified by scoring each gene for the number of abiotic stresses affecting expression of that gene. ErmineJ over-representation analysis of the MST gene set identified significantly enriched gene ontology biological processes for multiple abiotic stresses and regulatory genes, particularly transcription factors. A subset of MST genes including only regulatory genes that were designated 'Multiple Stress Regulatory' (MSTR) genes, was identified. To validate this strategy for identifying MSTR genes, mutants of the highest-scoring MSTR gene encoding the circadian clock protein CCA1, were tested for altered sensitivity to stress. A double mutant of CCA1 and its structural and functional homolog, LATE ELONGLATED HYPOCOTYL, exhibited greater sensitivity to salt, osmotic and heat stress than wild-type plants. This work provides a reference data set for further study of MSTR genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Kant
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Molecular Insights in the Susceptible Plant Response to Nematode Infection. PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7089_2008_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
50
|
Fuller VL, Lilley CJ, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE. Differential gene expression in Arabidopsis following infection by plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera schachtii. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:595-609. [PMID: 20507524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Whole genome microarrays were used to study plant gene expression in mature Meloidogyne incognita-induced galls in Arabidopsis. We found 959 genes to be significantly differentially expressed, and two-thirds of these were down-regulated. Microarray results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The temporal and spatial responses of four differentially expressed genes were analysed using GUS reporter plants following infection with M. incognita and the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The ammonium transporter gene AtAMT1;2 was consistently and locally repressed in response to both nematodes at all developmental stages. The lateral organ boundary domain gene LBD41 showed up-regulation in the feeding sites of both nematode species, although there was variation in expression in saccate H. schachtii female feeding sites. Expression of an actin depolymerizing factor ADF3 and a lipid transfer protein was induced in feeding sites of both nematodes at the fusiform stage and this persisted in feeding sites of saccate M. incognita. These results contribute to the knowledge of how plant gene expression responds to parasitism by these nematodes as well as highlighting further differences in the mechanisms of development and maintenance of these feeding site structures.
Collapse
|