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Holm ME, Østergaard LD, Aamund K, Jørgensen K, Midtgaard J, Vinberg M, Nordentoft M. What methods are used in research of firsthand experiences with online self-harming and suicidal behavior? A scoping review. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:165-180. [PMID: 38270399 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2306504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online self-harming and suicidal behavior is a novel and rapidly increasing phenomenon warranting comprehensive mapping of used research methods. AIM To identify and map how knowledge on online self-harming and suicidal behavior is gathered, including how data are collected e.g. questionnaires and interviews. METHODS The review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Scoping Reviews in tandem with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A keyword search of three electronic databases was conducted on two occasions, yielding 5422 records. Following duplicate removal, the records were screened based on the following inclusion criterions; (1) in English or Nordic language and published between 2011-2022, (2) presenting results for self-harming and/or suicidal behavior on social media and (3) using tools for either interview or questionnaire aiming at assessment of the experience of online self-harming and suicidal behavior from the perspective of the person who engages in the behavior. A total of 64 articles were included. RESULTS 45 used questionnaires, 17 used interviews, and two studies mixed the two approaches. 17% of the studies had made some effort to ensure validity within the questionnaires and 15.8% gave full access to the interview guide. CONCLUSION Research into online self-harming and suicidal behavior is characterized by a lack of validated measurements and methodological transparency. The results emphasize a need for further development, testing, and validation of questionnaires and greater openness and reflexivity in qualitative methodology to enable cross-study comparison and advance knowledge of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Eiberg Holm
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kate Aamund
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Jørgensen
- Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN) at Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health (CORE) at Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lindquist EG, West AE. What Do My (Online) Friends Think? A Topic Modeling Approach to Identifying Patterns of Response to Self-Injurious Behaviors on Reddit. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:537-553. [PMID: 36998237 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2193594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 17% of adolescents and young adults will engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at least once in their lifetime, leading the World Health Organization to identify self-injury as one of the top five public health concerns for adolescents. Despite the widespread prevalence of this behavior, NSSI continues to be heavily stigmatized in both medical and community settings, deterring many engaged in NSSI from seeking informal support from friends and family as well as formal psychological or psychiatric treatment. In contrast to the low rates of in-person help-seeking for NSSI, online support groups are highly utilized by those engaged in NSSI. Thus, an empirical study of responses to frequent, voluntary disclosure of NSSI on social media is needed to better understand how these communities meet the needs of those who self-injure. METHOD The current project used latent Dirichlet allocation to identify frequent and favored themes in response to self-injury content in the largest self-injury group on Reddit (over 100,000 members). Reddit, the 9th most visited website in the world, is a chat-based social media platform that has 430+ million active users and billions of site visits, with current estimates suggesting that ∼63% of the U.S. population are Reddit users. RESULTS Identified themes included: (1) recovery encouragement; (2) provision of social and instrumental support; and (3) daily realities of living with NSSI. Responses that encouraged recovery received more upvotes on Reddit than any other type of comment. CONCLUSION These results can inform evidence-based, person-centered, dimensional treatments for NSSI.
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Luo M, Yue Y, Du N, Xiao Y, Chen C, Huan Z. Needs for mobile and internet-based psychological intervention in patients with self-injury and suicide-related behaviors: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38178028 PMCID: PMC10768375 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, mobile psychological interventions have proven effective in reducing self-injury and suicide-related behaviors. Therefore, it is essential to continually enhance the user experience and address patients' needs to facilitate the development of mobile mental health interventions. Identifying patients with mobile mental health needs can be challenging for mental health professionals. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of qualitative research to synthesize the needs of patients engaged in self-injury and suicide-related behaviors for mobile and internet-based psychological interventions. METHODS This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) and the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement (ENTREQ). We explored 11 databases and synthesized the results using thematic analysis. RESULTS Sixteen qualitative and mixed-method studies were included. The study found that the needs of patients with self-injury and suicide-related behaviors for mobile psychological intervention included therapy, technology, culture, privacy, communication, emotional support, personalization, and self-management. Consistent with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the needs of patients with self-injury and suicide-related behaviors are influenced by the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the mobile intervention. However, the findings also highlight the importance and unmet needs of peer support, communication, self-management, and empowerment in using mobile psychological interventions for patients with self-injury and suicide-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Studies in this area have shown that the needs of patients with self-harm and suicide-related behaviors cover multiple stages, including basic therapeutic and technical needs and advanced emotional needs. This complexity makes it challenging to address the needs of patients engaged in self-injury and suicide-related behaviors through digital interventions. In the future, mental health professionals should be encouraged to participate in multidisciplinary collaborations to expand the use of digital interventions, enhancing remote self-management for patients and providing new strategies for the ongoing care of psychiatric patients. We registered the review protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42022324958).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Luo
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchuan Yue
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Hospital Office, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Na Du
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610036, China.
- Clinical Psychology Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Psychosomatic Medical Center, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610036, China
- Clinical Psychology Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongsu Huan
- College of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Looijmans M, van Bergen D, Popma A, van Eijk N, Mérelle S, van Veen S, Hawton K, Gilissen R. The self-perceived needs of adolescents with suicidal behaviour: a scoping review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02342-1. [PMID: 38147110 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behaviour in adolescents is a major public health problem. Much research on this issue has focused on epidemiology and risk factors for suicidal behaviour, paying less attention to the self-perceived needs of adolescents. However, to increase engagement in suicide prevention, it is important to include the views of adolescents. A scoping review was performed to identify the available empirical study findings, of any study design, related to the self-perceived needs of adolescents with suicidal behaviour. The literature databases Medline, Embase, Psycinfo, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Twenty-nine studies from 14 predominantly Anglo countries were included in the scoping review. The review showed that girls were overrepresented and that studies predominantly used qualitative approaches. The identified needs of adolescents with suicidal behaviour can broadly be grouped into needs related to the following areas: the importance of connecting with other people; adolescents' self-help strategies and personal growth after self-harm; mental healthcare; school or study programs; and needs related to society in relation to taboo on suicidal behaviour. Prevention of suicidal behaviour in adolescents will need to focus on development and strengthening of interventions fitting the needs of adolescents in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou Looijmans
- Research Department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana van Bergen
- Faculty of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki van Eijk
- Research Department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Mérelle
- Research Department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sisco van Veen
- Research Department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Renske Gilissen
- Research Department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Deng H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yan J, Zhuang Y, Liu H, Li J, Xue X, Wang C. The pooled prevalence and influential factors of non-suicidal self-injury in non-clinical samples during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 343:109-118. [PMID: 37802326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has had an enormous impact on the mental health of people around the world, particularly adolescents. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most prominent and dangerous behaviors associated with suicide. However, few meta-analyses of the NSSI prevalence have ever been conducted since the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence and elucidate the influencing factors for NSSI. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CNKI and Wanfang Database for relevant literature published before April 2022. Pooled prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to assess NSSI prevalence. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to clarify the potential influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 15 studies with 24,055 participants were eventually included. The results showed that the pooled overall prevalence of NSSI among overall samples during the COVID-19 pandemic was 22.5 % (95 % CI: 17.2 % to 28.9 %). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that the crucial influencing factors for NSSI included gender, age, regional distribution, and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the NSSI prevalence among adolescents and adults during the pandemic was 32.40 % and 15.70 %, respectively. Most importantly, gender is a significant influencing factor for NSSI among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of NSSI during the COVID-19 outbreak has surged to alarming heights, especially among adolescents. The prevalence of NSSI may be influenced by complex factors such as gender and age. Therefore, it is critical to pay attention to NSSI behaviors in the adolescent population, particularly male adolescents who appear to be susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Deng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yunyue Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuju Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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Mirichlis S, Boyes M, Hasking P, Lewis SP. What is important to the decision to disclose nonsuicidal self-injury in formal and social contexts? J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1816-1825. [PMID: 36872900 PMCID: PMC10952367 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disclosure of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with a range of both positive (e.g., help-seeking) and negative (e.g., discrimination) outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of a range of factors concerned with: NSSI experiences, self-efficacy to disclose self-injury, interpersonal factors, and reasons for or expectations of disclosure, to the decision to disclose self-injury to friends, family members, significant others, and health professionals. METHODS Three hundred seventy-one participants with lived experience of NSSI completed a survey in which they rated the importance of the aforementioned factors to the decision of whether to disclose NSSI to different people. A mixed-model analysis of variance was conducted to investigate whether the factors differed in importance and if this importance differed across relationship types. RESULTS All factors held importance, though to differing degrees, with those related to relationship quality being most important overall. Generally, factors relating to tangible aid were considered more important when considering disclosure to health professionals than to other people. Conversely, interpersonal factors, particularly trust, were more important when disclosing to individuals in social or personal relationships. CONCLUSION The findings provide preliminary insight into how different considerations may be prioritized when navigating NSSI disclosure, in a way that may be tailored to different contexts. For clinicians, the findings highlight that clients may expect tangible forms of support and nonjudgment in the event that they disclose their self-injury in this formal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanna Mirichlis
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - Mark Boyes
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
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Waller G, Newbury-Birch D, Simpson D, Armstrong E, James B, Chapman L, Ahmed F, Ferguson J. The barriers and facilitators to the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people aged 18 and under: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:158. [PMID: 36694149 PMCID: PMC9871435 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This systematic review sought to identify, explain and interpret the prominent or recurring themes relating to the barriers and facilitators of reporting and recording of self-harm in young people across different settings, such as the healthcare setting, schools and the criminal justice setting. METHODS A search strategy was developed to ensure all relevant literature around the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people was obtained. Literature searches were conducted in six databases and a grey literature search of policy documents and relevant material was also conducted. Due to the range of available literature, both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were considered for inclusion. RESULTS Following the completion of the literature searches and sifting, nineteen papers were eligible for inclusion. Facilitators to reporting self-harm across the different settings were found to be recognising self-harm behaviours, using passive screening, training and experience, positive communication, and safe, private information sharing. Barriers to reporting self-harm included confidentiality concerns, negative perceptions of young people, communication difficulties, stigma, staff lacking knowledge around self-harm, and a lack of time, money and resources. Facilitators to recording self-harm across the different settings included being open to discussing what is recorded, services working together and co-ordinated help. Barriers to recording self-harm were mainly around stigma, the information being recorded and the ability of staff being able to do so, and their length of professional experience. CONCLUSION Following the review of the current evidence, it was apparent that there was still progress to be made to improve the reporting and recording of self-harm in young people, across the different settings. Future work should concentrate on better understanding the facilitators, whilst aiming to ameliorate the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Waller
- NHS Business Services Authority, Stella House, Newburn, Newcastle, NE15 8NY, UK.
| | - Dorothy Newbury-Birch
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Diane Simpson
- grid.7110.70000000105559901Faculty of Education and Society, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
| | - Emma Armstrong
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Becky James
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement & Disparities, Newburn, Newcastle, NE15 8NY UK
| | - Lucy Chapman
- grid.433912.e0000 0001 0150 9675Durham County Council, County Hall, Durham, DH1 5UJ UK
| | - Farhin Ahmed
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- grid.26597.3f0000 0001 2325 1783School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
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Meheli S, Banerjee D. Revisiting Social Stigma in Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Narrative Review. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:6-18. [PMID: 39044918 PMCID: PMC11262124 DOI: 10.17816/cp196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in our community. Yet, there is a significant discrepancy between the number of individuals engaging in NSSI and those who seek treatment for NSSI. This discrepancy can be due to the high social stigma associated with the behavior. The impact of NSSI stigma is significant and can impair the quality of life in the individuals engaging in NSSI, delay help-seeking, reduce access to mental health care and further fuel misinformation. Even though the symptomatology, risks, and demographics of NSSI have received attention in terms of research, there is limited literature on NSSI stigma and its consequences. With that background set, this review provides a bird's-eye view of the different levels of stigma in NSSI (public, self, and health care), associated discrimination, the various aspects of such stigmatization (NSSI-related language, physical scarring, misinformation, the media), and, finally, the collaborative clinical-outreach interventions for mitigating NSSI-associated social stigma. If NSSI is indeed recognized as a clinical disorder, future research would need to focus on these constructs of stigma and treat them with the same importance as the one given to clinical studies of intervention and symptomatology in NSSI.
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Lee SE, Yim M, Hur JW. Beneath the surface: Clinical and psychosocial correlates of posting nonsuicidal self-injury content online among female young adults. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abou Seif N, John-Baptiste Bastien R, Wang B, Davies J, Isaken M, Ball E, Pitman A, Rowe S. Effectiveness, acceptability and potential harms of peer support for self-harm in non-clinical settings: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e28. [PMID: 35034666 PMCID: PMC8811789 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people who have self-harmed prefer informal sources of support or support from those with lived experience. However, little is known about whether peer support improves outcomes for people who have self-harmed or about the risks of peer support interventions in non-clinical settings. AIMS The aims of this review were to examine the effectiveness, acceptability and potential risks of peer support for self-harm, and how these risks might be mitigated. METHOD We searched bibliographic databases and grey literature for papers published since 2000. We included peer support for self-harm that occurred in voluntary-sector organisations providing one-to-one or group support, or via moderated online peer support forums. RESULTS Eight of the ten papers included focused on peer support that was delivered through online media. No study compared peer support with other treatments or a control group, so limited conclusions could be made about its effectiveness. Peer support for self-harm was found to be acceptable and was viewed as having a range of benefits including a sense of community, empowerment, and access to information and support. The most commonly perceived risk associated with peer support was the potential for triggering self-harm. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted a range of benefits of being part of a group with very specific shared experiences. Mitigations for potential risks include organisations using professional facilitators for groups, trigger warnings for online forums, and providing regular supervision and training so that peers are prepared and feel confident to support vulnerable people while maintaining their own emotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Belinda Wang
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, and Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sarah Rowe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
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11
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Pimenta SM, Hunter SC, Rasmussen S, Cogan N, Martin B. Young People’s Coping Strategies When Dealing With Their Own and a Friend’s Symptoms of Poor Mental Health: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211062115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young people struggle to seek help for their mental health, despite having different resources available. As the coping process is very complex, and elements such as trust and availability of resources have been said to influence it, this study aimed to understand how young people cope with their own or a friend’s symptoms of poor mental health. Eleven young people (13–15 years old) were interviewed. Thematic Analysis of the interviews showed that participants reported different coping strategies for dealing with their own hypothetical symptoms and those of a friend. Participants identified the social impact of experiencing symptoms of poor mental health and choice of resources as the main factors influencing their coping strategies. For their own symptoms, young people expressed concern about being judged and that they would only disclose to someone they trust. Participants would not disclose a friend’s symptoms because they did not want to break their trust. Finally, choice of resources was mainly influenced by the severity of symptoms being experienced, especially when it comes to asking for professional help. This study contributes to a better understanding of the different ways in which young people cope with their own symptoms and symptoms experienced by a friend.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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12
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Simone AC, Hamza CA. Examining the disclosure of nonsuicidal self-injury to informal and formal sources: A review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park Y, Mahdy JC, Ammerman BA. How others respond to non‐suicidal
self‐injury
disclosure: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Park
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
| | - Jasmine C. Mahdy
- Department of Psychology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Brooke A. Ammerman
- Department of Psychology University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana USA
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Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents worldwide, yet adequate mental health services for children and adolescents are lacking across the globe. Likewise, youth who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at heightened risk for suicide, but few pediatric settings have established protocols for screening and responding to youth who engage in NSSI and/or endorse thoughts of suicide. In this article, we highlight similarities and differences of managing suicide and NSSI across cultures, including persisting stigma associated with youth at risk for self-harm. We summarize current guidelines for screening youth at risk for suicide and NSSI across services, consider the use of online and telehealth services, and offer recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach to treating youth who engage in self-harming behaviors as well as how healthcare professionals can communicate with each other using common, non-stigmatizing language. We conclude with a discussion of future policy recommendations and areas for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Westers
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Weiss M, Hildebrand A, Braun-Scharm H, Weckwerth K, Held D, Stemmler M. [Are suicidal young people reached by online-counselling? Evaluation of the target group outreach of [U25] online suicide prevention]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 48:204-214. [PMID: 32039646 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Are suicidal young people reached by online-counselling? Evaluation of the target group outreach of [U25] online suicide prevention Abstract. Objective: "[U25] Germany" is an online-counselling platform designed to help adolescents and young adults suffering from suicidal ideation or emotional crisis. The online approach and anonymous counselling by peers (young voluntary workers) instead of professionals were initiated to lower the threshold for those seeking help. This study examines characteristics of people seeking help from [U25] and estimates the outreach of the program. Method: Data from n = 1062 counselling protocols dating from 2017 were obtained. In addition, we conducted n = 13 problem-focused interviews with peer counsellors. Results: Our data indicate a good target group outreach concerning age, suicidality, and psychological burden of the clients. However, young men seek counselling by [U25] less frequently than young women. Additionally, preliminary data indicate that young people with lower educational background consult [U25] less often. Conclusions: [U25] offers a promising approach to helping young people suffering from suicidal ideation or a personal crisis. New approaches should be developed and evaluated to better reach young men and persons with a lower education background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Weiss
- Lehrstuhl für Psychologische Diagnostik, Methodenlehre und Rechtspsychologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg
| | - Anja Hildebrand
- Lehrstuhl für Psychologische Diagnostik, Methodenlehre und Rechtspsychologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg
| | | | | | | | - Mark Stemmler
- Lehrstuhl für Psychologische Diagnostik, Methodenlehre und Rechtspsychologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg
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16
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Biddle L, Derges J, Goldsmith C, Donovan JL, Gunnell D. Online help for people with suicidal thoughts provided by charities and healthcare organisations: a qualitative study of users' perceptions. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1157-1166. [PMID: 32157324 PMCID: PMC7471153 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Internet use is common among people with suicidal feelings and a considerable amount of suicide help material is available online. Despite attempts to promote formal help sites (e.g. governmental and charity sector) in internet search results, users' evaluation of these sites is lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to explore distressed users' perceptions of formal online help and their experiences of using this in times of crisis. METHODS In-depth interview study of 53 adults reporting suicide-related internet use. RESULTS While highly valued in relation to general mental health problems, formal sites were not perceived to meet the different needs of those experiencing suicidal thoughts, and did not engage individuals in crisis. Sites were criticised for being impersonal, dispassionate, too focused on information-giving, and lacking solutions that were novel or sensitive to reasons why an individual may choose to seek help online. Most participants criticised the tendency for sites to signpost to offline services as their primary response. Participants desired immediacy and responsive online help incorporating 'live chat', self-help tools, opportunities to interact with others and lived-experience content. Positive accounts of seeking online help described sites incorporating these features. CONCLUSIONS Formal online help services should be reappraised to ensure they meet users' needs for immediacy and responsive help to capitalise upon the opportunity available for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Biddle
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jane Derges
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | | | - Jenny L Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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17
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Pretorius C, Chambers D, Coyle D. Young People's Online Help-Seeking and Mental Health Difficulties: Systematic Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e13873. [PMID: 31742562 PMCID: PMC6891826 DOI: 10.2196/13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young people frequently make use of the internet as part of their day-to-day activities, and this has extended to their help-seeking behavior. Offline help-seeking is known to be impeded by a number of barriers including stigma and a preference for self-reliance. Online help-seeking may offer an additional domain where young people can seek help for mental health difficulties without being encumbered by these same barriers. Objective The objective of this systematic literature review was to examine young peoples’ online help-seeking behaviors for mental health concerns. It aimed to summarize young peoples’ experiences and identify benefits and limitations of online help-seeking for this age group. It also examined the theoretical perspectives that have been applied to understand online help-seeking. Methods A systematic review of peer-reviewed research papers from the following major electronic databases was conducted: PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The search was conducted in August 2017. The narrative synthesis approach to reviews was used to analyze the existing evidence to answer the review questions. Results Overall, 28 studies were included. The most common method of data collection was through the use of surveys. Study quality was moderate to strong. Text-based query via an internet search engine was the most commonly identified help-seeking approach. Social media, government or charity websites, live chat, instant messaging, and online communities were also used. Key benefits included anonymity and privacy, immediacy, ease of access, inclusivity, the ability to connect with others and share experiences, and a greater sense of control over the help-seeking journey. Online help-seeking has the potential to meet the needs of those with a preference for self-reliance or act as a gateway to further help-seeking. Barriers to help-seeking included a lack of mental health literacy, concerns about privacy and confidentiality, and uncertainty about the trustworthiness of online resources. Until now, there has been limited development and use of theoretical models to guide research on online help-seeking. Conclusions Approaches to improving help-seeking by young people should consider the role of the internet and online resources as an adjunct to offline help-seeking. This review identifies opportunities and challenges in this space. It highlights the limited use of theoretical frameworks to help conceptualize online help-seeking. Self-determination theory and the help-seeking model provide promising starting points for the development of online help-seeking theories. This review discusses the use of these theories to conceptualize online help-seeking and identify key motivations and tensions that may arise when young people seek help online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Chambers
- Connecting for Life, Health Service Executive, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Pretorius C, Chambers D, Cowan B, Coyle D. Young People Seeking Help Online for Mental Health: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e13524. [PMID: 31452519 PMCID: PMC6732968 DOI: 10.2196/13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people are particularly vulnerable to experiencing mental health difficulties, but very few seek treatment or help during this time. Online help-seeking may offer an additional domain where young people can seek aid for mental health difficulties, yet our current understanding of how young people seek help online is limited. OBJECTIVE This was an exploratory study which aimed to investigate the online help-seeking behaviors and preferences of young people. METHODS This study made use of an anonymous online survey. Young people aged 18-25, living in Ireland, were recruited through social media ads on Twitter and Facebook and participated in the survey. RESULTS A total of 1308 respondents completed the survey. Many of the respondents (80.66%; 1055/1308) indicated that they would use their mobile phone to look online for help for a personal or emotional concern. When looking for help online, 82.57% (1080/1308) of participants made use of an Internet search, while 57.03% (746/1308) made use of a health website. When asked about their satisfaction with these resources, 36.94% (399/1080) indicated that they were satisfied or very satisfied with an Internet search while 49.33% (368/746) indicated that they were satisfied or very satisfied with a health website. When asked about credibility, health websites were found to be the most trustworthy, with 39.45% (516/1308) indicating that they found them to be trustworthy or very trustworthy. Most of the respondents (82.95%; 1085/1308) indicated that a health service logo was an important indicator of credibility, as was an endorsement by schools and colleges (54.97%; 719/1308). Important facilitators of online help-seeking included the anonymity and confidentiality offered by the Internet, with 80% (1046/1308) of the sample indicating that it influenced their decision a lot or quite a lot. A noted barrier was being uncertain whether information on an online resource was reliable, with 55.96% (732/1308) of the respondents indicating that this influenced their decision a lot or quite a lot. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this survey suggest that young people are engaging with web-based mental health resources to assist them with their mental health concerns. However, levels of satisfaction with the available resources vary. Young people are engaging in strategies to assign credibility to web-based resources, however, uncertainty around their reliability is a significant barrier to online help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Cowan
- School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Chen JI, Mastarone GL, Ambrosino SA, Anzalone N, Carlson KF, Dobscha SK, Teo AR. Evaluation of the Safety and Design of Community Internet Resources for Veteran Suicide Prevention. CRISIS 2019; 40:347-354. [PMID: 30935244 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent data show many veterans who die by suicide are not currently engaged in mental health care. Veterans frequently use the Internet for health information and may look online for community resources when in distress. However, little is known about their design characteristics. Aim: To evaluate the design and content of community, veteran suicide prevention websites. Method: Community websites focused on veteran suicide prevention were gathered through Internet searches using standardized search terms. Websites that met the inclusion criteria (n = 9) were evaluated for adherence to suicide safe messaging, usability, readability, and credibility heuristics. Interrater reliability was evaluated using kappa statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to describe website features. Results: Community websites tended to provide help-seeking information, safe messaging, and community activities. However, no websites provided information on lethal means safety or references to signal credibility. Limitations: The sample was small and only included English-language websites, and focused on veteran-oriented, community websites. Conclusion: Community suicide prevention websites focused on veterans could be improved through increased readability, credibility, and provision of lethal means safety information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Chen
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ginnifer L Mastarone
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Santisia A Ambrosino
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Anzalone
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen F Carlson
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven K Dobscha
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alan R Teo
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current article reviews recent literature related to three groups whose health is affected by barriers to the healthcare system: refugee and immigrant populations; youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning; and those with mental health problems. RECENT FINDINGS Refugee and immigrant populations are increasing worldwide, and recent work has focused on improving their access to mental, dental, and preventive care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning youth have unique healthcare needs but frequently lack a support system and may not be forthcoming about their sexuality or sex identity. A rising number of children are being diagnosed with mental health disorders, but due to multiple factors, youth are not receiving the care they need. SUMMARY Pediatric healthcare providers should be aware of the unique challenges faced by youth displaced from their country of origin, who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender or are questioning their sexuality or sex identity, and who struggle with mental health disorders. Toolkits, other educational resources, and novel technological advances can assist pediatricians in ensuring optimal health care of these at-risk groups.
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21
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Utter J, Lucassen M, Denny S, Fleming T, Peiris-John R, Clark T. Using the Internet to access health-related information: results from a nationally representative sample of New Zealand secondary school students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0096/ijamh-2017-0096.xml. [PMID: 29168960 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine if secondary school students in New Zealand who report greater health concerns (e.g. significant depressive symptoms) are more likely to use the Internet to access health-related information. Methods A nationally representative health and wellbeing survey was undertaken in 2012 (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to examine the associations between students' use of the Internet to access health-related information and selected outcomes or indicators. Results Over 90% of students used the Internet on a daily basis, with 15.4% of students reporting that they had used the Internet to access health-related information. Students experiencing household poverty were more likely to report not using the Internet daily (17.4% compared to 4.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for accessing the Internet for this sort of information were highest for students who reported self-harm [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-3.3], disordered eating (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4-3.2), or a suicide attempt (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.3). Conclusion Our findings suggest that Internet-based health interventions may be a viable way to reach young people with high health needs, but consideration needs to be given to those with limited Internet access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Utter
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mathijs Lucassen
- Open University, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Simon Denny
- University of Auckland, Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terry Fleming
- University of Auckland, Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roshini Peiris-John
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 1142Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terryann Clark
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Baiden P, Stewart SL, Fallon B. The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Findings from community and inpatient mental health settings in Ontario, Canada. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:238-247. [PMID: 28587863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although bullying victimization has been linked to a number of behavioral and emotional problems among adolescents, few studies have investigate the mechanism through which bullying victimization affect non-suicidal self-injury. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Data for this study came from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 1650 adolescents aged 12-18 years (M =14.56; SD =1.79; 54.2% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic and Poisson regression models were conducted to identify the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization and non-suicidal self-injury. Of the 1650 adolescents studied, 611 representing 37% engaged in non-suicidal self-injury and 26.7% were victims of bullying. The effect of bullying victimization on non-suicidal self-injury was partially mediated by depressive symptoms after adjusting for the effect of demographic characteristics, history of childhood abuse, social support, and mental health diagnoses. The contribution of bullying victimization and depression to non-suicidal self-injury adds to the case for the development of trauma-focused interventions in reducing the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4.
| | - Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, ON, Canada N6G 1G7
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1V4
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Appreciating Complexity in Adolescent Self-Harm Risk Factors: Psychological Profiling in a Longitudinal Community Sample. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:916-931. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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