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Labana RV, Borda MCNM, Campo RTA, Ocampo MAV. The Interplay Between Household Risk Perception of Parasitic Infections and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices: Evidence From an Urban Poor Community in the Philippines. Cureus 2024; 16:e57532. [PMID: 38707156 PMCID: PMC11067986 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic diseases pose challenges in impoverished urban settlements with limited access to clean water, proper hygiene, and sanitation (WASH). This study assesses WASH practices and risk perceptions of parasitic infections among households in the Bataan Shipyard and Engineering Corporation (BASECO) Compound in Manila, an urban poor community in the Philippines. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data through a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to assess the sociodemographic profile, household WASH practices, and respondents' risk perception of parasitic infections. Linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between these variables. RESULTS A survey was conducted with 363 households, of which 237 (65.3%) used distilled and purified water from the water refilling stations in the community for drinking. Meanwhile, 120 households (33.10%) consumed tap water. Boiling water was a commonly used method (n=146; 56.60%) for treating drinking water. Most households had flush toilets with septic tanks (n=244; 67.20%), water sources for handwashing (n=307; 84.57%) and soap for handwashing (n=356; 98.10%). On average, they washed their hands 6-10 times daily (n=159; 43.80%). Most households were aware that drinking untreated water (n=318; 87.6%), improper food washing (n=309; 85.1%), using contaminated water sources (n=301; 82.9%), and consuming raw or undercooked meat (n=298; 82.1%) could lead to parasitic infections. 316 respondents (87.1%) identified diarrhea as the most common symptom of parasitic infection. Relationships were found between access to drinking water and the number of household members (B=0.191; p-value=0.001), personal hygiene and the respondents' knowledge of parasitic infections (B=0.112; p-value=0.047), and the overall WASH score with household income (B=0.105; p-value=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The WASH conditions in BASECO, Manila need improvement. Factors associated with their WASH practices include risk perception of parasitic diseases, socioeconomic disparity, and household overcrowding. These factors play a crucial role in identifying areas for improvement and promoting health policies for urban poor communities in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V Labana
- Center for Integrated Community Science Research, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, PHL
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, PHL
| | - Ma Cate Nicole M Borda
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, PHL
| | - Ryan Toribio A Campo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, PHL
| | - Maria Antonia V Ocampo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, PHL
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Arcos A, Franco L, Arcos M. Perceived Neighbourhood Disorder, Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems in Chile. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:979-988. [PMID: 38441646 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2305789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol misuse is one of the most important preventable public health risk factors. Empirical research shows that alcohol misuse is related to social and economic losses. Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that neighborhood disorder impacts alcohol-related behavior. However, there is limited literature in the context of developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this research is to estimate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and (1) alcohol-related behavior and (2) alcohol-related problems in the context of the Chilean population. Our contribution focuses on the examination of the perception of disorder in urban neighborhoods and alcohol use patterns in a wide age range and sample of Chilean cities. Results: High levels of neighbor disorder perception are associated with higher levels of drinking and hazardous alcohol use. In addition, perceived neighborhood disorder is directly associated with probability of alcohol-related problems (ranging from 2% to 11%). Conclusions/Importance: The results are consistent with empirical and theoretical frameworks. This research could be used to better guide place-based policies in emerging countries with high levels of alcohol consumption to prevent alcohol risk behaviors and alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Arcos
- Department of Economics, North Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ledys Franco
- Department of Economics, North Catholic University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Marcia Arcos
- Planning and Development Vice Rector, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of unintentional nonfatal injuries among school-going adolescents in Central America. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:69-77. [PMID: 38098186 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to report on the frequency of serious physical injuries (SPI) among adolescents in Central America during the previous decade, 2009-2018. METHODS In total, 15,807 school adolescents (14.4 years mean age; SD=1.4) from six Central American countries participated in cross-sectional Global School-based Student Health Surveys in 2009-2018 (ranging from 1,779 students in Honduras in 2012 to 4,374 students in Guatemala in 2015). RESULTS The prevalence of SPI was 33.8 % (22.9 % once, 7.4 % 2 or 3 times and 3.6 % 4 or more times), ranging from 31.8 % in Guatemala to 45.0 % in Belize and 45.6 % in Panama. The most frequent causes of SPI included fall (11.4 %, ranging from 6.9 % in Costa Rica to 15.6 % in Panama), and the type of SPI was fracture/dislocation (5.7 %, ranging from 4.3 % in Costa Rica to 6.7 % in Panama). In adjusted Poisson regression, male sex, food insecurity, a history of alcohol intoxication, soft drink consumption, fast food intake, truancy, multiple sexual partners, psychological distress, physical fight, physically attacked, bullied, and suicide attempt were significantly associated with a higher number of injury event counts. CONCLUSIONS Overall, about one in three adolescents in Central America had sustained unintentional injuries in the past 12 months and several contributing factors were identified which if addressed could aid injury prevention among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Webster JM, Dickson MF, Tillson M, Staton M. Impaired driving and other risky drug use and sex behaviors: a cross-sectional examination of high-risk rural women incarcerated in jail. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:45-54. [PMID: 36318830 PMCID: PMC10149564 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2138701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite women accounting for an increasing proportion of impaired drivers and higher rates of impaired driving and road fatalities in rural areas, little is known about rural women who drive impaired and their other risky behavior.Objective: The present study assessed the association between impaired driving history, risky substance use, and other drug- and sex-related risk behaviors in a sample of high-risk rural women incarcerated in jail.Methods: Four hundred women from three rural jails provided information about their impaired driving, drug use, injection drug use practices, and sex risk behaviors. Groups were stratified on whether they self-reported impaired driving in the year prior to incarceration. Impaired drivers (n = 260, M = 31.90 years old) were compared to women who did not drive impaired (n = 131, M = 34.42 years old) using MANCOVA and logistic regression analyses.Results: Impaired drivers had significantly (p < .05) higher substance use severity scores for cannabis, sedatives, and prescription opioids. Furthermore, impaired drivers were significantly (p < .05) more likely to have been the passenger of an impaired driver (78.08% vs. 53.44%), been an injection drug user (69.62% vs. 41.98%), had a casual sex partner (47.31% vs. 25.95%), and traded sex for drugs or money (31.15% vs. 15.27%) in the year prior to incarceration.Conclusions: This study found a consistent association between past year impaired driving and a range of drug- and sex-related risk behaviors in a sample of high-risk rural women incarcerated in jail. These findings highlight an opportunity to intervene in criminal justice settings to reduce multiple health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Webster
- University of Kentucky, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, KY, 40506-0350, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science, 1100 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536-0086, USA
| | - Megan F. Dickson
- University of Kentucky, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, KY, 40506-0350, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science, 1100 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536-0086, USA
| | - Martha Tillson
- University of Kentucky, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, KY, 40506-0350, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Sociology, 1515 Patterson Office Tower, Lexington, KY, 40506-0027, USA
| | - Michele Staton
- University of Kentucky, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, KY, 40506-0350, USA
- University of Kentucky, Department of Behavioral Science, 1100 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40536-0086, USA
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da Silva MP, Guimarães RDF, Bozza R, Matias T, Piola TS, Corrêa LQ, Ramires V, Alexandrino E, Dumith SDC. Is Binge Drinking Associated With Specific Types of Exercise and Free Time Sports? A Pooled Analysis With 718,147 Adults. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1001-1007. [PMID: 37500080 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking in a large sample of adults. METHODS Data of 718,147 adults from the "Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey" were used. We described the demographic and behavioral variables, and negative binomial regression analyzed the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking adjusted by demographics variables, body mass index status, and television time. RESULTS Outdoor walking/running was the most common exercise reported (20.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8%-20.2%), followed by team sports (8.1%; 95% CI, 8.0%-8.2%) and strengthening (8.0%; 95% CI, 7.9%-8.1%). The prevalence of binge drinking for each exercise and free time sport type ranged from 6.9% (water aerobics) to 31.9% (team sports). Participants engaging in strengthening (prevalence ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21, P = .002) and team sports (prevalence ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17, P < .001) were more likely to binge drink more frequently in the past 30 days than inactive participants. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the participants' profile plays an important role in the underlying social context of this association. Participants with more frequent strengthening and less frequent team sports practice, who were primarily younger and single, were more likely to binge drink frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pereira da Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
| | - Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC,Canada
| | - Rodrigo Bozza
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Autonomous University Center of Brazil, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Thiago Matias
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC,Brazil
- Research Group for Motivation and Human Movement, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC,Brazil
| | - Thiago Silva Piola
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Paraná State Education Department, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Leandro Quadro Corrêa
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Institute of Education, Physical Education Course, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
| | - Virgílio Ramires
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Sul-rio-grandense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Camaquã, RS,Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alexandrino
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
| | - Samuel de Carvalho Dumith
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
- Physical Activity and Public Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS,Brazil
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Bagasra A, Allen CT, Doan S. Perceived Effectiveness of COVID-19 Preventive Practices and Behavioral Intention: Survey of a Representative Adult Sample in the United States. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e39919. [PMID: 37815862 PMCID: PMC10566581 DOI: 10.2196/39919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using existing models of behavioral health promotion, specifically the Extended Parallel Process Model, previous research has identified factors that may impact engagement in preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic such as perceived threat, perceived susceptibility to the threat, perceived severity, and perceived efficacy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the role of perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, perceived susceptibility, perceived threat, and perceived severity of COVID-19 in participants' intentions to engage in Centers for Disease Control (CDC)-recommended individual health behaviors in the first year of the pandemic. METHODS In October 2020, a representative sample of 506 US adults completed a web-based survey through the RAND American Life Panel. RESULTS The study primarily found that participants who perceived that CDC-recommended health practices were effective had stronger intentions to engage in those practices. The second strongest correlate was participants' perceived severity of COVID-19 across the United States. Perceived effectiveness of recommended practices accounted for the largest variance in behavioral intention. However, analysis of individual behaviors indicated a mismatch in the behaviors perceived to be the most effective (avoiding sick people and mask-wearing) and those participants indicated intention to engage in (throwing away used tissues, avoiding sick people, and coughing into their elbows) in the next 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The authors recommend tailoring public health messaging to address the perceived threat of COVID-19 and self-efficacy. Thus, health promotion efforts should emphasize the effectiveness of CDC-recommended practices while highlighting the pandemic's severity. Additionally, rebuilding trust in public health messaging and messengers is necessary to increase perceived self-efficacy. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, health messaging must continue to promote and build trust in CDC-recommended health practices and educate regarding the efficacy of vaccination and other preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisah Bagasra
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | | | - Sara Doan
- Department of Writing, Rhetoric and Cultures, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Lasser EC, Gudzune KA, Lehman H, Kharrazi H, Weiner JP. Trends and Patterns of Social History Data Collection Within an Electronic Health Record. Popul Health Manag 2023; 26:13-21. [PMID: 36607903 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2022.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increased acceptance that social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) impact health outcomes, but electronic health records (EHRs) are not always set up to capture the full range of SBDH variables in a systematic manner. The purpose of this study was to explore rates and trends of social history (SH) data collection-1 element of SBDH-in a structured portion of an EHR within a large academic integrated delivery system. EHR data for individuals with at least 1 visit in 2017 were included in this study. Completeness rates were calculated for how often SBDH variable was assessed and documented. Logistic regressions identified factors associated with assessment rates for each variable. A total of 44,166 study patients had at least 1 SH variable present. Tobacco use and alcohol use were the most frequently captured SH variables. Black individuals were more likely to have their alcohol use assessed (odds ratio [OR] 1.21) compared with White individuals, whereas White individuals were more likely to have their "smokeless tobacco use" assessed (OR 0.92). There were also differences between insurance types. Drug use was more likely to be assessed in the Medicaid population for individuals who were single (OR 0.95) compared with the commercial population (OR 1.05). SH variable assessment is inconsistent, which makes use of EHR data difficult to gain better understanding of the impact of SBDH on health outcomes. Standards and guidelines on how and why to collect SBDH information within the EHR are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C Lasser
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Population Health IT, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A Gudzune
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harold Lehman
- Pediatrics Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Biomedical Informatics and Data Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hadi Kharrazi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Population Health IT, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Biomedical Informatics and Data Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan P Weiner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Population Health IT, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ortíz DW, Marroquin HE, Larson L, Franco KB, Spec A, Melendez JR, Pinzón R, Samayoa AJ, Mejia-Chew C, O Halloran JA. Metabolic syndrome in people with HIV from Guatemala: analysis of components and risk factors. Int J STD AIDS 2022; 33:987-994. [PMID: 35978450 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV (PWH) in Latin America are at a greater risk of developing comorbidities due to the increasing burden of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the region. We explored the associations between social, cardiovascular and HIV-related risk factors with metabolic syndrome in PWH from Guatemala. METHODS Cross-sectional study analyzing demographic, clinical and laboratory data from PWH. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis and components are defined by the harmonized Joint Scientific Statement criteria. Data were collected from July 2019 to March 2020 and analyzed using correlations and logistic regression. RESULTS Median age was 39 years [IQR 31-48], 56.8% of participants were male and 31.5% (n = 266, 95% CI 0.28-0.34) had metabolic syndrome. Age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05, p <0.001), urban dweller (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.00-2.18, p = 0.049), low physical activity (aOR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.01-2.08, p = 0.046), hyperuricemia (aOR: 3.31, 95% CI 1.93-5.67, p <0.001), current CD4+ T cell count < 200 cells/mm3 (aOR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.19-3.23, p = 0.009), 6 months of efavirenz (aOR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.29-2.77, p = 0.001), and obesity (aOR: 37.0, 95% CI 7.70-178.2, p < 0.001) were independently associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was high and driven mainly by social and cardiovascular risk factors such as age, urban dwelling, obesity, hyperuricemia and low physical activity. Efavirenz use and CD4 count were the only HIV-related factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean W Ortíz
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Hugo E Marroquin
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Lindsey Larson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 7548Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine B Franco
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Andrej Spec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 7548Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Johanna R Melendez
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Rodolfo Pinzón
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Ana J Samayoa
- 277606Unidad de Atención Integral de VIH e Infecciones Crónicas del Hospital Roosevelt "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejía Villatoro", Guatemala
| | - Carlos Mejia-Chew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 7548Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane A O Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 7548Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tan Y, Lu W, Gu W, Yu Z, Zhu J. Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents-The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 35889888 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight-related status has been associated with the physical and psychological health of adolescents. This cross-sectional study evaluated three different kinds of weight-related statuses (Body Mass Index (BMI), weight self-perception and weight teasing from others) among Chinese adolescents and identified their associations with health risk behaviors (lack of healthy dietary behavior, unhealthy dietary behavior, binge eating behavior, lack of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB) and sleep disturbance). A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 10,070 students aged 11−18 years old from schools in Shanghai. Self-reported questionnaires were collected, weight-related statuses were divided into three categories and six specific health risk behaviors were classified into two groups: positive or negative. Overall, 27.82% of the adolescents were classified as being overweight and obese (35.61% of boys and 18.21% of girls), 43.45% perceived themselves as too heavy and 30.46% experienced weight teasing in the past. Among overweight or obese participants, 50.55% have been teased about their weight, and 77.48% perceived themselves as too heavy. Weight perception and weight teasing were significantly associated with health risk behaviors rather than the actual body weight status based on BMI, especially regarding binge eating behavior (body weight status (BMI): p > 0.05, underweight perception: OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.03−1.34; weight teasing for more than once a year: OR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.76−2.27). In addition, weight perception and weight teasing were significantly associated with health risk behaviors, mainly in normal and overweight/obese groups but not in underweight groups. Weight teasing and weight self-perception play an independent and stronger role than actual body weight in the health behaviors of adolescents. This calls for more attention and intervention to reduce peer bullying and stigmas on weight among adolescents.
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Sorokin MY, Kasyanov ED, Rukavishnikov GV, Khobeysh MA, Makarevich OV, Neznanov NG, Maximova TG, Verzilin DN, Lutova NB, Mazo GE. Determinants of Stress Levels and Behavioral Reactions in Individuals With Affective or Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia. Front Sociol 2022; 7:870421. [PMID: 35865268 PMCID: PMC9295748 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.870421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with affective and anxiety disorders are among those most vulnerable to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM This study aims to analyze the determinants of stress levels and protective behavioral strategies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Russian-speaking people with affective or anxiety disorders (AADs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional online survey, the psychological distress and behavioral patterns of respondents with self-reported AAD (n = 1,375) and without disorders (n = 4,278) were evaluated during three periods of restrictive measures in Russia (March-May 2020). Distress levels were verified using the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25). RESULTS Stress levels among respondents with AAD were higher at all study periods than for those with no mental disorder (Cohen's d 0.8-1.6). The stress level increased (Cohen's d = 0.4) in adolescents (16-18 years) with AAD and remained the same in those without disorders; in youths (19-24 years) with and without disorders, an increase (Cohen's d = 0.3) and a decrease (Cohen's d = 0.3) in the stress were observed, correspondingly; the stress in adults (25-44 years) with disorders did not change and decreased in those without disorders (Cohen's d = 0.4). Individuals with bipolar disorders demonstrated lower stress than individuals with depressive (Cohen's d = 0.15) and anxiety disorders (Cohen's d = 0.27). Respondents with depressive and bipolar disorders employed fewer protective measures simultaneously and were less likely to search for information about COVID-19. CONCLUSION The presence of affective or anxiety disorders is associated with a more acute response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Apparently, the type of mental disorder influenced stress levels and protective behavior patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Sorokin
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny D. Kasyanov
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Rukavishnikov
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Khobeysh
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V. Makarevich
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay G. Neznanov
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictions, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Maximova
- Faculty of Infocommunication Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Verzilin
- St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Management and Economy of Sports, Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia B. Lutova
- Department of Integrative Pharmaco-Psychotherapy of Patients With Mental Disorders, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina E. Mazo
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Duell N, Christophe NK, Romero MYM. Risk taking profiles among college students: An examination of health-risk taking, anti-racism action, and college functioning. J Am Coll Health 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35658097 PMCID: PMC9757152 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2077636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study expands the literature on risk taking among college students by exploring anti-racism action as a form of positive risk taking. Participants: 346 Black (64%) and Latinx (36%) college students (85% female) ages 18-27 years (M = 18.75, SD = 1.31). Methods: Participants responded to questionnaires on anti-racism action, health-risk taking, and college functioning. Latent class analysis identified behavioral profiles of risk takers. Indicators of profile membership and associations with college functioning were examined. Results: Three profiles emerged: moderate overall risk taking, high health-risk taking, and high anti-racism action. Personal experience with discrimination was associated with a greater likelihood of health-risk taking. Students in the high anti-racism profile evinced greater educational functioning than those in the high-health risk taking profile. Conclusions: Risky behavior on college campuses is not homogeneous. Specific interventions and support networks are necessary to support students falling within specific risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Duell
- Natasha Duell, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - Michelle. Y. Martin Romero
- Michelle Y. Martin Romero, Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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12
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Coledam DHC, Frotta BM, Ré AHN. General Versus Vocational Education in High School: Cross-Sectional Associations with Student's Health. J Sch Health 2022; 92:570-580. [PMID: 35259777 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between course type and health among high school students. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 675 Brazilian high school students. The independent variable was course type (general or vocational) and dependent variables were health characteristics. All information was obtained by a self-report questionnaire and the following health characteristics were analyzed: mental health, physical activity, sedentary behavior, food consumption, daytime sleepiness, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, aggression, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Vocational students presented a higher prevalence in 7 of the 20 mental health symptoms analyzed (PR = 1.21-1.64), daytime sleepiness (PR = 1.39-1.71), and musculoskeletal symptoms in neck, shoulders, low back, and knees (PR = 1.31-1.41), and a lower likelihood of being physically active (PR = 0.59-0.70). Conversely, vocational students showed lower sedentary behavior on TV and videogames during the week (PR = 0.35-0.46), consumption of snacks, cookies, and crackers (PR = 0.56-0.72), and experiences of aggression (PR = 0.13-0.17), all P < .05. CONCLUSIONS High school can affect students' health distinctly, indicating that intervention programs and health monitoring should be specific to course type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Henrique Constantino Coledam
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo-IFSP, 100 Zélia de Lima Rosa Boituva, São Paulo-SP, 18552252, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Marinho Frotta
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo-IFSP, 100 Zélia de Lima Rosa Boituva, São Paulo-SP, 18552252, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai Ré
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo-USP, 1000 Arlindo Bettio, Vila Guaraciaba, São Paulo-SP, 03828000, Brazil
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Chen-Sankey J, Bover Manderski MT, Young WJ, Delnevo CD. Examining the Survey Setting Effect on Current E-Cigarette Use Estimates among High School Students in the 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6468. [PMID: 35682059 PMCID: PMC9180474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) was completed by youth online during class time, either in school or at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the role of NYTS data in tobacco regulatory science, it is vital to understand the effect of survey settings (home, school) on tobacco-use estimates. We used a series of multivariable logistic regressions to examine whether survey settings (home vs. school) predicted current e-cigarette use among high school students, controlling for other known predictors of e-cigarette use as well as the pandemic learning model that was dominant in students' counties (e.g., nearly all at-home, majority in school). We observed a significant survey setting effect. Those who completed the survey in school had higher odds of current e-cigarette use than those who completed the same survey at home (AOR = 1.74); this effect was attenuated when we controlled for the pandemic learning model (AOR = 1.38). Moreover, e-cigarette use was independently associated with students' learning model; students whose schools were nearly entirely in-person had the highest odds of e-cigarette use compared to students whose learning model was nearly all at-home (AOR = 1.65). Survey setting is a methodological artifact in the 2021 NYTS. Perceived privacy and peer effects can potentially explain this artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.T.B.M.); (W.J.Y.); (C.D.D.)
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michelle T. Bover Manderski
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.T.B.M.); (W.J.Y.); (C.D.D.)
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - William J. Young
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.T.B.M.); (W.J.Y.); (C.D.D.)
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (M.T.B.M.); (W.J.Y.); (C.D.D.)
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Abstract
This study examined relationships between adolescent neglect and abuse and later health risk in a sample of 1050 youth (53% female, 56% Black, and 24% White) from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. At age 16, the youth reported any adolescent exposure to neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. At age 18, they reported risk behaviors (delinquency, substance use, and sexual behavior) and emotional and behavioral problems (externalizing and internalizing problems, suicidality). Control variables were childhood maltreatment (self-reports and early childhood child protective services reports), risk behaviors and emotional and behavioral problems at age 16, and demographics. Analysis confirmed a 5-factor model of adolescent neglect (Exposure to Risk, Inadequate Monitoring, Inattention to Basic Needs, Permitting Misbehavior, and Inadequate Support). Inadequate Support and Exposure to Risk were associated with more substances used; Exposure to Risk was also associated with delinquency and suicidality. Adolescent emotional abuse was associated with not using a condom use and internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings underscore the importance of preventing or addressing neglect during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, 16043Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Villodas
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, 115104San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dalhee Yoon
- Department of Social Work, 14787Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Wildfeuer
- Department of Sociology, 6558Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Howard Dubowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
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15
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if adolescents' scores on a 2-item underage alcohol use screener predict risky consequences of past-year alcohol use and other health risk behaviors in a nonclinical, school-based sample of adolescents. A predominantly minority sample of 756 middle and high school students completed in-school tablet-based surveys on past-year underage alcohol use and a range of health risk behaviors. Higher scores for self alcohol risk and peer alcohol risk were associated with higher risk of past-year riding with a drunk driver and past 90-day measures of cigarette use, marijuana use, unplanned sex, and unprotected intercourse. The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Brief Alcohol Screener is a useful tool for school-based service providers, including school nurses, to identify and address the needs of adolescents at high risk of the development of alcohol use disorders, as well as a range of preventable health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Meca
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Elder abuse and health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in India: results of a national survey in 2017-2018. J Elder Abuse Negl 2021; 33:327-341. [PMID: 34433374 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2021.1970683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the associations between elder abuse and poor physical health, poor mental health, and health risk behaviors in older adults in a national community-based survey in India. The study sample included 31,477 older adults (≥60 years) from a cross-sectional national community dwelling survey in India in 2017-2018. Results indicate that the prevalence of elder abuse in the past 12 months was 5.2%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, elder abuse was significantly positively associated with poor mental health and poor well-being (low life satisfaction, not happy, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, loneliness, neurological or psychiatric problems, and lower self-rated health status), poor physical health (bone or joint disease, physical pain, gastrointestinal problems, incontinence, functional disability, underweight, and persistent headaches), fall and health care utilization. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, elder abuse was associated with poorer cognitive functioning, current tobacco use, and dizziness. Elder abuse among older adults in India is associated with poor physical health, poor mental health, and health care utilization, emphasizing the need to consider elder abuse in various physical and mental health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa.,College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Ciciolla L, Shreffler KM, Tiemeyer S. Maternal Childhood Adversity as a Risk for Perinatal Complications and NICU Hospitalization. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:801-813. [PMID: 34304270 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine maternal childhood adversity in relation to increased risk for maternal and infant perinatal complications and newborn Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admittance. METHODS A sample of 164 women recruited at their first prenatal appointment participated in a longitudinal study through 6 weeks postdelivery. Participants self-reported on their adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), negative health risks (overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol use), adverse infant outcomes, NICU admittance, and maternal perinatal complications across three pregnancy assessments and one post-birth assessment. Logistic binomial regression analyses were used to examine associations between maternal ACEs and adverse infant outcomes, NICU admittance, and maternal perinatal complications, controlling for pregnancy-related health risks. RESULTS Findings showed that women with severe ACEs exposure (6+ ACEs) had 4 times the odds of reporting at least one adverse infant outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.02-18.39), almost 9 times the odds of reporting a NICU admission (OR = 8.70, 95% CI: 1.34-56.65), and 4 times the odds of reporting at least one maternal perinatal outcome (OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.43-13.39). CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the extraordinary risk that mothers' ACEs pose for infant and maternal health outcomes over and above the associations with known maternal health risks during pregnancy, including overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol use. These results support a biological intergenerational transmission framework, which suggests that risk from maternal adversity is perpetuated in the next generation through biophysical and behavioral mechanisms during pregnancy that negatively affect infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina M Shreffler
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University
| | - Stacy Tiemeyer
- Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Adversity, Oklahoma State University-Center for Health Sciences
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18
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In-Iw S, Lapwech B, Manaboriboon B. Comparison of factors associated with successful transition of care in patients with HIV versus other chronic diseases. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62:146-150. [PMID: 33257282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfer of pediatric patients to adult care is an integral part of optimizing care of chronically ill patients and requires advanced infrastructure and availability of a multidisciplinary team. Thus, assessing factors associated with transition to adult care in this and the other chronic disease group will aid in the targeting intervention programs. The aim of the study was to compare factors associated with transitional readiness and health risk behaviors between adolescents with HIV infection and other chronic diseases. METHODS Participants ages 14 to 18 were recruited from chronic care clinics at Siriraj hospital between 2015 and 2016. Self-assessment questionnaires composed of health risk behaviors and a 25-item Likert Scale transition readiness questionnaire with possible scores ranging from 25 to 100 were administered. Analysis was done by SPSS 18. RESULTS There were 165 adolescents who participated in the study. Median age was 16 years (range, 14-18). The overall transitional readiness average score was 54.15 ± 8.4 which showed no difference between HIV group (HIVG) and other chronic illness group (non-HIVG). The subjects in the HIVG scored significantly higher in self-management skills (13.03 ± 2.1 vs.12.09 ± 2.8, p < 0.05) than their non-HIV counterparts. However, they scored lower in their perception of transition readiness than non-HIVG (13.6 ±2.1 vs. 14.85 ± 2.5, p < 0.05). Adolescents who were not HIV-infected were more likely to not want to attend school because of their illness (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 0.97-19.24.) Conversely, HIV-infected adolescents were more likely to used social media (OR=10.2, 95% CI = 3.26-31.98), consume alcohol beverage (OR = 2.83, 95% CI =1.23-6.49), smoked cigarettes (OR = 4.17, 95% CI =1.31-13.26), and lack STD knowledge (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.49-8.81) rather than non-HIV infected adolescents. CONCLUSION HIV-infected adolescents perceived their self-management skills to be higher than adolescent with other chronic diseases. However, HIV-infected adolescents still possess increased health risk behaviors. To effectively formulate transitional care practice in the Thai context, the program should be focused on health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinya In-Iw
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Budsayarut Lapwech
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Boonying Manaboriboon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Ok J, Kim H, Kang K. Comparison of Physical, Occupational, and Sociocognitive Characteristics of Corporate and Private Taxi Drivers in Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020224. [PMID: 33671395 PMCID: PMC7922013 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxis are a form of public transport which is very closely related to the safety of the public. Although private and corporate taxis have quite different characteristics, there have only been a few studies comparing the characteristics of corporate and private taxis. Moreover, among various characteristics, research was conducted mainly focusing on occupational characteristics. This study was undertaken to compare various physical, occupational, and sociocognitive characteristics of corporate and private taxi drivers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 22 August to 11 September 2018. The subjects of this study were 960 corporate and private taxi drivers over 30 years old in Seoul to compare the means and association between private and corporate taxi drivers’ characteristics. In terms of the physical characteristics, corporate taxi drivers’ general physical health status was worse. In terms of the occupational characteristics, corporate taxi drivers had a high working intensity, and the incidence rate of traffic accidents and near misses was also high. This comparison of the characteristics of corporate and private taxis is expected to serve as evidence for developing tailored policies and programs to improve the health of corporate and private taxi drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongSun Ok
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7942
| | - Kyonghwa Kang
- Department of Nursing, Chungwoon University, Hongseong 32244, Korea;
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20
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Peckham E, Spanakis P, Heron P, Crosland S, Johnston G, Newbronner E, Wadman R, Walker L, Gilbody S. A Year Into the Pandemic: The Diversity of Experience Amongst People With Severe Mental Ill Health. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:794585. [PMID: 35153862 PMCID: PMC8830291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.794585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified pre-existing health inequalities and people with severe mental ill health (SMI) are one of the groups at greatest risk. In this study, we explored the effects of the pandemic and pandemic restrictions on people with SMI during the first year of the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study in a sample of people with SMI. The inception survey was carried out between July and December 2020. Participants were then re-surveyed between January and March 2021. People were contacted by telephone and invited to take part in the study over the phone, online or by postal questionnaire. Across both waves we asked participants about their physical and mental health, health risk behaviors, well-being, loneliness, and employment status. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-seven people with SMI completed the inception survey and 249 people completed the follow up. Whilst some people reported no change in their physical (77, 31%) or mental health (60, 24%) over the course of the pandemic 53 (21%) reported a continuing decline in physical health and 52 (21%) reported a continuing decline in mental health. Participants who maintained a daily routine or reported no decline in physical health were found to be associated with no deterioration in mental health (Daily routine OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.11-4.64; no reported physical health decline OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.17-0.70). Participants were less likely to be occupationally active in the first phase of the pandemic compared to before the pandemic and in the second phase of the pandemic. However, there was no one single experience of people with SMI and similar to studies in the general populations a range of different scenarios was experienced. CONCLUSIONS We observed a series of factors that might amplify pre-existing health inequalities. Health systems should be mindful of this, and should redouble efforts to set in place changes to practice and policy, which can mitigate these inequalities. Examples might include; raising awareness of the importance of ensuring that people with SMI receive an annual physical health check and supporting people to maintain a daily routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Peckham
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Spanakis
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Heron
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Crosland
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth Newbronner
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Wadman
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Walker
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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21
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Ferrer RA, Taber JM, Sheeran P, Bryan AD, Cameron LD, Peters E, Lerner JS, Grenen E, Klein WMP. The role of incidental affective states in appetitive risk behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychol 2020; 39:1109-1124. [PMID: 32940529 PMCID: PMC8406737 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Appetitive risk behaviors (ARB), including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, consumption of calorie dense/nutrient-poor foods, and sexual risk behavior contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Affective states that arise from a wide array of unrelated circumstances (i.e., incidental affect) may carry over to influence ARB. A meta-analysis is needed to systematically examine causal evidence for the role of incidental affect (including specific emotions) in influencing ARB. Method: Integrating effect sizes from 91 published and unpublished experimental studies that include both an incidental-affect induction and neutral-control condition (k = 271 effect sizes: k = 183 negative affect, k = 78 positive affect), this meta-analysis examines how negative and positive affective states influenced ARB and related health cognitions (e.g., intentions, evaluations, craving, perceived control). Results: Negative affective states reliably increased ARB, in analyses where all negative affective states were analyzed (d = .29) and in stratified analyses of just negative mood (d = .30) and stress (d = .48). These effects were stronger among study populations coded as clinically at risk. Positive affective states generally did not influence ARB or related health cognitions, except in the presence of a craving cue. Design issues of extant literature largely precluded conclusions about the effects of specific positive and negative affective states. Conclusion: Taken together, findings suggest the importance of strategies to attenuate negative affect incidental to ARB to facilitate healthier behavioral patterns, especially among clinically at-risk individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Risk Behavior among School-Going Adolescents in Four Caribbean Countries. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10110166. [PMID: 33138003 PMCID: PMC7692478 DOI: 10.3390/bs10110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in the Caribbean. Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analyzed from 9143 adolescents (15 years = median age) that took part in the 2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The results indicate that 41.4% of the students had ever had sex, ranging from 26.4% in Trinidad and Tobago to 48.1% in Jamaica. Among the sexually active, 58.8% had had ≥2 sexual partners; 58.6% had had an early sexual debut (≤14 years); 41.9% had not used birth control the last time they had sex; 28.4% had not used a condom the last time they had sex; and, of the whole sample, 31.9% had engaged in two or more (multiple) sexual risk behaviors, ranging from 16.5% in Trinidad and Tobago to 40.3% in Jamaica. In an adjusted logistic regression analysis, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis), psychological distress, frequent soft drink intake, participation in physical fighting, school truancy, older age, and male sex were associated with single and/or multiple sexual risk behaviors. A large number of adolescents in the Caribbean reported sexual risk behaviors, emphasizing the need for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop 0727, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Weng CB, Sheu JJ, Chen HS. Factors Associated With Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors Among a Representative Sample of U.S. High School Students. J Sch Nurs 2020; 38:533-546. [PMID: 33073668 DOI: 10.1177/1059840520965497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents often practice unhealthy behaviors to lose weight or keep from gaining weight. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) of various health risk behaviors since 1991 using U.S. representative samples of high school students and is therefore best for us to identify risk/preventive factors associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB). We quantitatively assessed the association between various health risk behaviors with UWCB by gender using YRBS data. Due to the absence of UWCB items since 2015, we analyzed the latest (2013) data using binary multiple logistic regression. Among the 13,583 participants, 22.7% of girls and 10.1% of boys engaged in UWCB. Among girls and boys separately, the common significant factors included suicidal behaviors, alcohol drinking, misused prescription drug, feeling depressed, skipping breakfast, and attending physical education class. School nurses are suggested to have knowledge about the aforementioned risk factors and provide assessment, consultation, and education to help reduce UWCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Bang Weng
- Student Health Center, 63284National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jye Sheu
- School of Population Health, 7923The University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Huey-Shys Chen
- College of Medical and Health Care, 34905Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Cavazzotto TG, Ronque ERV, Vieira ER, Queiroga MR, Serassuelo Junior H. Social-Ecological Correlates of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity Practice among Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3619. [PMID: 32455832 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study calculated the exposure-response rates of social-ecological correlates of practicing regular (>150 min/week) leisure-time physical activity (PA) in 393,648 adults from the 27 Brazilian state capitals who participated in a national survey between 2006 and 2016. Regular PA encouraging factors were inputted into an exposure-response model. Growth rates for the odds ratio and prevalence of regular PA were calculated for each increase of one encouraging factor. Regular PA was reported by 22% of the participants (25% of men and 20% of women). More than 40% of men and 30% of women with higher intra-personal encouraging conditions reported practicing regular PA. There was a 3% (ages 18–32 years) to 5% (ages 46–60 years) increase in regular PA practice in men for each increase in an encouraging climate factor (temperature from 21 °C to 31 °C, humidity from 65% to 85%, 2430 to 3250 h of sun/year, and from 1560 to 1910 mm of rain/year). Encouraging intra-personal factors and favorable climate conditions had larger effects on regular PA practice than the built environment and socio-political conditions; the latter two had independent effects, but did not have a cumulative effect on PA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE History of stroke and diabetes increases risk for cardiometabolic disease, which can be mitigated through lifestyle management. To evaluate lifestyle risk behaviors among stroke survivors, we compared the prevalence of three lifestyle risk behaviors-physical inactivity, consuming one or less fruit and one or less vegetable daily, and overweight/obesity-between stroke survivors with and without diabetes. DESIGN Data from the 2013 and 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were examined. Weighted and age-adjusted prevalence estimates as well as crude and adjusted odds ratios (adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics) were calculated to compare lifestyle risk behaviors between US stroke survivors with and without diabetes. RESULTS Prevalence and adjusted odds ratios for lifestyle risk behaviors were higher in respondents with diabetes compared with those without diabetes for consuming one or less fruit and one or less vegetable daily (58.8% vs. 53.7%, adjusted odds ratio = 1.14), physical inactivity (65.7% vs. 54.6%, adjusted odds ratio = 1.41), and overweight/obesity (87.2% vs. 63.1%, adjusted odds ratio = 2.42). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of select lifestyle risk behaviors exceeds 50% in adults with stroke but is higher in adults with diabetes compared with adults without diabetes. Effective interventions, community programs, and healthcare policy are needed to promote lifestyle management in adults with stroke, particularly among those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Bailey
- From the Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (RRB, AP, RT, DH-J); Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota (RM); and Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (ALF)
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Clarke P, Dodge T, Marzell M, Turrisi R, Williams K. Testing Assumptions of the Categorization Approach to Studying Sports Participation and Alcohol Use. J Drug Educ 2018; 48:71-85. [PMID: 30567458 DOI: 10.1177/0047237918818473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested whether playing football or lacrosse in high school is associated with more problematic alcohol use during college compared with playing other sports in high school. A sample of undergraduate males ( n = 2,940) in their freshmen year who had played sports in high school completed a web-based questionnaire. Results showed that males who played lacrosse or both football and lacrosse in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played football or other sports in high school. In addition, males who played football in high school engaged in heavier alcohol use in college than males who played other high school sports. Thus, not all high school sports place males at equal risk for heavy alcohol use in college.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rob Turrisi
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Jiang Y, Reilly-Chammat R, Cooper T, Viner-Brown S. Disparities in Health Risk Behaviors and Health Conditions Among Rhode Island Sexual Minority and Unsure High School Students. J Sch Health 2018; 88:803-812. [PMID: 30300929 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority students have higher risk for health-related behaviors. We examined 5 domains including 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions among sexual minorities and unsure students in Rhode Island. We also included sexual contact of heterosexually identified students to capture heterosexually identified students who may be considered sexual minorities by their behavior. METHODS We used the 2007-2015 Rhode Island Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (N = 14,264). We categorized students into 4 groups: students self-identified as heterosexual and reported no sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 1); self-identified as heterosexual and reported sexual contact with same sex only or both sexes (group 2); self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual (group 3); and responded as unsure (group 4). We used multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate associations of sexual minority and unsure students with 34 health risk behaviors and health conditions accounting for complex sampling design. RESULTS Students in groups 2-4 were more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors including violent behaviors, attempted suicide, substance use, and no physical activity than their peers. CONCLUSIONS As sexual minority youth continue to report higher rates of health-related risk behaviors, targeted evidence-based prevention approaches must focus on reducing these risk behaviors among those youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Jiang
- Center for Health Data and Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Rosemary Reilly-Chammat
- Office of Student, Community and Academic Supports, Rhode Island Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 255 Westminster Street, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Tara Cooper
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Suite 407, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Samara Viner-Brown
- Center for Health Data and Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908
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Lukács A, Sasvári P, Kiss-Tóth E. Physical activity and physical fitness as protective factors of adolescent health. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0017/ijamh-2018-0017.xml. [PMID: 30106750 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This quantitative correlational design study aimed to examine the variation in adolescent health and lifestyle characteristics across self-reported physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) levels. METHODS Data were collected from 422 students (50.2% males) (16.33 SD = 1.66 y/o) attending a high school. An online questionnaire was used to gather data on the following characteristics: self-reported well-being, overall life satisfaction, depression (including self-harm and suicidal ideation), perceived health status, eating disorders, sleepiness, substance use (alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use), body mass index, PA participation and PF levels. RESULTS Of the participants, 42.4% reported at least 5 days of PA a week for 60 min per day. These high active individuals had significantly better well-being, health status, life satisfaction, PF and consumed fewer alcohol beverages. High PA and better PF inversely correlated with depression. CONCLUSIONS It seems that high PA and better PF have a positive impact on adolescent perceived health, health-risk behaviors and mental health. Increased levels of PA can play a vital role in the primary care, prevention of health risks and in adolescent health promotion. Accordingly, educational institutions are an excellent setting to promote and provide sport facilities and encourage students to be more physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lukács
- Faculty of Health Care, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary, Phone: +36 46 565111/2215 ext. or 2681 ext., Fax: +36 46 366961
| | - Péter Sasvári
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Emőke Kiss-Tóth
- Faculty of Health Care, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary
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Verkooijen S, de Vos N, Bakker-Camu BJW, Branje SJT, Kahn RS, Ophoff RA, Plevier CM, Boks MPM. Sleep Disturbances, Psychosocial Difficulties, and Health Risk Behavior in 16,781 Dutch Adolescents. Acad Pediatr 2018. [PMID: 29530583 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of adolescent sleep disturbances and their relation to psychosocial difficulties and health risk behaviors with the use of data from a province-wide health survey (n = 16,781). METHODS Psychosocial difficulties were measured with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additional assessments included self-reported sleep disturbances, suicidality, and health risk behaviors including current use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs, physical inactivity, and compulsive use of multimedia. We used multilevel analyses to investigate the relationhips, including differences, between boys and girls, as well as the mediating role of emotional problems. RESULTS Just under 20% of adolescents reported sleep disturbances in the previous month. These sleep disturbances were associated with psychosocial problems (odds ratio [OR], 6.42; P < .001), suicidality (OR, 3.90-4.14; P < .001), and all health risk behaviors (OR, 1.62-2.66; P < .001), but not with physical inactivity. We found moderation by gender for the relations between sleep and suicide attempts (OR, 0.38; P < .002) and between sleep and cannabis use (OR, 0.52; P = .002), indicating attenuated relationships in girls compared with boys. Emotional problems partially mediated the relationships between sleep disturbances and multimedia use. CONCLUSIONS This study reiterates the high prevalence of sleep disturbances during adolescence. These sleep disturbances were strongly related to psychosocial problems and a wide range of health risk behaviors. Although the direction of causality cannot be inferred, this study emphasizes the need for awareness of impaired sleep in adolescents. Moreover, the gender differences in associated suicide attempts and cannabis use call for further research into tailored intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Verkooijen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nelleke de Vos
- Community Health Service Greater Utrecht Area (GGD Region Utrecht), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Betty J W Bakker-Camu
- Community Health Service Greater Utrecht Area (GGD Region Utrecht), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Susan J T Branje
- Research Center Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Carolien M Plevier
- Community Health Service Greater Utrecht Area (GGD Region Utrecht), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Utter J, Lucassen M, Denny S, Fleming T, Peiris-John R, Clark T. Using the Internet to access health-related information: results from a nationally representative sample of New Zealand secondary school students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0096/ijamh-2017-0096.xml. [PMID: 29168960 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine if secondary school students in New Zealand who report greater health concerns (e.g. significant depressive symptoms) are more likely to use the Internet to access health-related information. Methods A nationally representative health and wellbeing survey was undertaken in 2012 (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to examine the associations between students' use of the Internet to access health-related information and selected outcomes or indicators. Results Over 90% of students used the Internet on a daily basis, with 15.4% of students reporting that they had used the Internet to access health-related information. Students experiencing household poverty were more likely to report not using the Internet daily (17.4% compared to 4.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for accessing the Internet for this sort of information were highest for students who reported self-harm [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-3.3], disordered eating (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4-3.2), or a suicide attempt (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.3). Conclusion Our findings suggest that Internet-based health interventions may be a viable way to reach young people with high health needs, but consideration needs to be given to those with limited Internet access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Utter
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mathijs Lucassen
- Open University, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Simon Denny
- University of Auckland, Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terry Fleming
- University of Auckland, Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roshini Peiris-John
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 1142Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terryann Clark
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zhang F, Zhang T, Xiong J, Chen J. [Gender differences in cluster pattern of health-risk behaviors among rural middle school students in Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:767-771. [PMID: 29903305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the gender differences in cluster pattern of health risk behaviors among rural middle school students in Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi. METHODS By the method of layered, random and total sampling, questionnaire survey about dietary bias, smoking, alcohol drinking, suicidal ideation, internet addiction and non-secure swimming was taken to 1974 students of eight middle schools from rural areas in four counties of Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi, Hunan Province in 2014. In 11 kinds of health risk behaviors as the clustering index, first by using the hierarchical clusteringmethod for male and female students were clusteranalysis, determine the optimal cluster number of male and female students were 4 class, then the two step cluster analysis, get the male and female students in 4 types of dangerous behavior clustering patterns of group characteristics. RESULTS Among the survey of 896 boys and 1078 girls, the boys in the low risk group were composed of 262 people, the ratio was 29. 2%, the girls were composed of 215 people, the ratio was 19. 9%; the boys in the lower risk group were composed of 268 people, the ratio was 29. 9%, the girls were composed of 365 people, the ratio was 33. 9%; the boys with highest incidence of drinking in the moderate risk group were composed of 217 people, the ratio was 24. 2%, the girls with highest incidence of lonely were composed of 264 people, the ratio was24. 5%; the boys in the highest risk group were composed of 149 people, the ratio was16. 6%, the girls were composed of 234 people, the ratio was 21. 7%. In the moderate risk group, boys with highest incidence of drinking( 97. 7%) were always accompanied with behaviors like smoking( 67. 3%), fighting( 63. 6%), non-secure swimming( 66. 4%); girls with highest incidence of lonely( 45. 1%) in the moderate risk group also had behaviors like partial eclipse( 65. 2%), pedestrian violation( 50. 4%) and the like. The total boys and 92. 7% of girls have more than 4 kinds of health-risk behaviors in highest risk group. CONCLUSION There were gender differences in risk behaviors among middle school students in rural areas of Xiangxi Autonomous Perfecture. Among them, the boys in moderate risk group were marked by drinking, the girls were marked by lonely. The highest risk group had a high rate of risky behaviors, showing a high degree of aggregation of "explicit problem behaviors and implicit behaviors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Zhang
- Physical Education Institute of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Physical Education Institute of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Jingmei Xiong
- Physical Education Institute of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Physical Education Institute of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
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Abstract
Few studies have examined early parenting among girls receiving child welfare services (CWS) or disentangled the relationship between maltreatment, spending time in foster care, and adolescent childbirth. Using population-based, linked administrative data, this study calculated birth rates among maltreated adolescent girls and assessed differences in birth rates associated with spending time in foster care. Of the 85,766 girls with substantiated allegations of maltreatment during adolescence, nearly 18% subsequently gave birth. Among girls who spent time in foster care, the proportion was higher (19.5%). Significant variations ( p < .001) were observed in the rate of childbirth across demographic characteristics and maltreatment experiences. When accounting for all of the covariates, spending time in foster care was associated with a modestly higher rate of a first birth (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.14]). While age at first substantiated allegation of maltreatment and race/ethnicity were significant predictors of adolescent childbirth, specific maltreatment experiences were associated with minimal or no differences in birth rates. The findings of this study suggest that the experience of spending time in care may not be a meaningful predictor of giving birth as a teen among CWS-involved adolescent girls and highlight subgroups of this population who may be more vulnerable to early childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn King
- 1 Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 2 Children's Data Network, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Squires LE, Palfai TP, Allensworth-Davies D, Cheng DM, Bernstein J, Kressin N, Saitz R. Perceived discrimination, racial identity, and health behaviors among black primary-care patients who use drugs. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 17:460-477. [PMID: 28281940 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1288189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blacks who use drugs are at heightened risk for health problems. Discrimination experiences may contribute to these risks by influencing health behaviors. This study examined associations between discrimination, racial identity, and health behaviors (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, low physical activity, and unprotected [condomless] sex) in a sample of 203 Black primary-care patients who reported current drug use. Logistic regression analyses did not find direct effects of discrimination or identity on outcomes. Hypothesized moderation of discrimination by racial identity was not observed in expected direction for the outcome of unprotected sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Squires
- a George Washington University , Washington , DC.,b Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington , DC
| | | | | | - Debbie M Cheng
- e Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - Judith Bernstein
- e Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts
| | | | - Richard Saitz
- e Boston University School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Dental health status and oral health behavior among university students from five ASEAN countries. Nagoya J Med Sci 2017; 79:123-133. [PMID: 28626248 PMCID: PMC5472538 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate dental health status and oral health behavior and associated factors among university students in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam). Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 3,344 undergraduate university students (mean age 20.5, SD=1.6; 58.3% female) from five ASEAN countries. Results indicate that 27.7% of students reported to have sometimes, most of the time or always having tooth ache in the past 12 months, 39.4% reported to have one or more cavities, 20.3% did not brush their teeth twice or more times a day, and 30.9% had never been to a dentist (or did not know it). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, living in a lower middle income country, consumption of chocolate or candy, having made a dental care visit, and poor mental health was associated with tooth ache in the past 12 months. Being male, being 20 to 21 years old, coming from a wealthier family background, living in a lower middle income country, frequent consumption of soft drinks, not having consulted with a dentist in the past 12 months and weak beliefs in the benefits of tooth brushing were associated with inadequate tooth brushing frequency (
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
- Department of Research Development and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Castro Y, Fernández ME, Strong LL, Stewart DW, Krasny S, Hernandez Robles E, Heredia N, Spears CA, Correa-Fernández V, Eakin E, Resnicow K, Basen-Engquist K, Wetter DW. Adaptation of a counseling intervention to address multiple cancer risk factors among overweight/obese Latino smokers. Health Educ Behav 2015; 42:65-72. [PMID: 25527143 PMCID: PMC4467573 DOI: 10.1177/1090198114560019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 60% of cancer-related deaths in the United States are attributable to tobacco use, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity, and these risk factors tend to cluster together. Thus, strategies for cancer risk reduction would benefit from addressing multiple health risk behaviors. We adapted an evidence-based intervention grounded in social cognitive theory and principles of motivational interviewing originally developed for smoking cessation to also address physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption among Latinos exhibiting multiple health risk behaviors. Literature reviews, focus groups, expert consultation, pretesting, and pilot testing were used to inform adaptation decisions. We identified common mechanisms underlying change in smoking, physical activity, and diet used as treatment targets; identified practical models of patient-centered cross-cultural service provision; and identified that family preferences and support as particularly strong concerns among the priority population. Adaptations made to the original intervention are described. The current study is a practical example of how an intervention can be adapted to maximize relevance and acceptability and also maintain the core elements of the original evidence-based intervention. The intervention has significant potential to influence cancer prevention efforts among Latinos in the United States and is being evaluated in a sample of 400 Latino overweight/obese smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larkin L Strong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana W Stewart
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Krasny
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Natalia Heredia
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Eakin
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ken Resnicow
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kim S, Kim H, Seo DC, Lee DH, Cho HI. Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among Juvenile Delinquents in South Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014; 5:258-65. [PMID: 25389511 PMCID: PMC4225588 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea. METHODS Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Health Education and Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Lee
- Juvenile Division, Ministry of Justice, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- Korea Association of Health Promotion, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Arens AM, Gaher RM, Simons JS, Dvorak RD. Child maltreatment and deliberate self-harm: a negative binomial hurdle model for explanatory constructs. Child Maltreat 2014; 19:168-177. [PMID: 25189325 DOI: 10.1177/1077559514548315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging adults demonstrate the highest rates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and thus represent a population in need of further study. While child maltreatment (CM) history is a risk factor for DSH, the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. This study tested a model of mechanisms linking CM with DSH (likelihood of engaging in the behavior and frequency among those who self-harm) via negative urgency (tendency to engage in impulsive behaviors under conditions of negative affect), distress tolerance, sense of control, and desire for control in a sample of college students. As hypothesized, CM had a strong positive direct association with both the likelihood and frequency of DSH. CM was positively associated with negative urgency and inversely associated with distress tolerance and sense of control. Negative urgency was positively associated with DSH likelihood and frequency. Distress tolerance was not directly associated with DSH but was indirectly associated with DSH likelihood and frequency via negative urgency. Sense of control was not associated with the likelihood of engaging in DSH; however, among those who endorsed a history of DSH, sense of control was positively associated with DSH frequency. Desire for control was not associated with either CM or DSH.
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Martin BC, Dalton WT, Williams SL, Slawson DL, Dunn MS, Johns-Wommack R. Weight status misperception as related to selected health risk behaviors among middle school students. J Sch Health 2014; 84:116-123. [PMID: 25099426 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight misperception has been documented among children although the impact on health risk behaviors is less understood, particularly among middle school students. The goals of this study were to describe sociodemographic differences in actual and perceived weight, correspondence between actual and perceived weight, and weight-related health risk behaviors, as well as to examine weight misperception and interactions with sociodemographic variables in explaining weight-related health risk behaviors. METHODS Participants were recruited at 11 public school districts participating in the Tennessee Coordinated School Health (CSH) pilot program. A total of 10,273 middle school students completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey administered by teachers in the school setting. RESULTS Findings revealed sociodemographic differences in actual and perceived weight as well as weight misperception. Although overestimating one's weight was significantly related to greater likelihood of weight-related health risk behaviors, significant interactions showed this relationship to be especially pronounced in females. Additional distinctions based on sociodemographic variables are indicated. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of screening for health risk behaviors including weight misperception among middle school students. The CSH program offers an opportunity to understand health risk behaviors among students while also informing and evaluating methods for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Martin
- Associate Professor, MPH Coordinator, , Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70264, Johnson City, TN 37614
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Ritchie RA, Meca A, Madrazo VL, Schwartz SJ, Hardy SA, Zamboanga BL, Weisskirch RS, Kim SY, Whitbourne SK, Ham LS, Lee RM. Identity dimensions and related processes in emerging adulthood: helpful or harmful? J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:415-32. [PMID: 23348360 PMCID: PMC7869142 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study evaluated the mediational role of well-being in the relationship between identity development and psychosocial functioning. METHOD A sample of 7,649 undergraduate students (73% female; mean age = 19.95, standard deviation = 1.98; 62% Caucasian) completed measures of personal identity, well-being, internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. RESULTS Results revealed that (a) identity exploration and commitment were negatively associated with internalizing symptoms, health-risk behaviors, and externalizing problems through well-being, (b) ruminative exploration was negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with externalizing problems, and (c) increased levels of ruminative exploration appear more detrimental for men than for women. CONCLUSION The study shed light on the mechanisms through which identity processes are related to internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. The role of well-being in these associations, and the potentially deleterious "side effects" of exploration and commitment appear to suggest new and important directions for identity research.
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Nguyen LT, Rahman Z, Emerson MR, Nguyen MH, Zabin LS. Cigarette smoking and drinking behavior of migrant adolescents and young adults in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:S61-7. [PMID: 22340858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a large migration from rural to urban areas in much of the developing world. In the past, this was less true in Vietnam, which remains largely agricultural; however, since the 1990s, economic reforms and loosening of government policies that had previously limited movement have led to a large increase in this rural to urban population movement. Risky health behaviors have been found among migrants in many other settings. The purpose of this research was to determine whether migrant adolescents and young adults in the city of Hanoi are more or less likely than local ones to engage in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking health risk behaviors, to identify factors associated with these behaviors, and to suggest interventions to reduce these health risk behaviors among the study population. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 4,550 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years was conducted in urban Hanoi in 2006. This study examines current use of cigarettes and alcohol by migration status using multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS Cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol are male phenomena. The prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking is high among adolescents and young adults in Hanoi and is more common among migrants who came from rural areas of other provinces than nonmigrants in the city. However, multivariate analysis revealed that migrants were neither more likely to smoke cigarettes nor drink alcohol than nonmigrants after controlling for other factors, such as age, full-time worker status, depression, and having close friends who smoke and/or drink. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that interventions aiming at smoking and/or drinking reduction should pay more attention to adolescents, especially males, changing health risk behaviors at school and at work, and peer influence than their migration status.
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Abstract
PROBLEM Many adolescent health problems are predominantly caused by risk behavior. Foster adolescents have disproportionately poor health; therefore, identification of risk behavior is critical. METHOD Data from a larger study were analyzed to investigate the health risk behavior of 56 youth in foster care using the Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition. FINDINGS Data indicated that youth in foster care had some increased risk behavior when compared with a normative adolescent population. Younger adolescents and those in relative placement had less risky behavior. Risk behavior was increased for youth in foster care when they were in group homes, had experienced a parental death, or had a history of physical or emotional abuse or attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS These results point to areas of strength and vulnerability for youth in foster care and suggest areas for clinicians and caregivers of these adolescents to focus interventions towards harm reduction and enhancement of resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Gramkowski
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS Investigating the association between personality traits and smoking status using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five-Factor Model (FFM). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants Adult elderly Americans (n = 1638). MEASUREMENTS A self-administered survey on cigarette smoking and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). FINDINGS Current smokers scored higher than never smokers on neuroticism and lower on agreeableness and conscientiousness; former smokers scored intermediate on these higher-order dimensions. Neuroticism was related to smoking particularly among individuals with low conscientiousness, as indicated by an interaction effect between the two factors. There were no differences on extraversion and openness to experience. At the lower-order facet level, smokers were characterized by inability to resist cravings (high impulsiveness), search for stimulation (high excitement-seeking), lack of perseverance (low self-discipline) and lack of careful consideration of the consequences of their actions (low deliberation). CONCLUSIONS At the higher-order factor level, this study replicates and extends previous studies using a comprehensive model of personality (FFM). The greater specificity provided by the facet-level analysis appears to explain some of the conflicting results in the literature, and the use of an older sample provides insight especially into the former smokers group. Personality research may lead to a deeper understanding of cigarette smoking and can potentially contribute to policies and programs of smoking prevention and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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