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Msetfi RM, Kornbrot DE, Halbrook YJ. The association between the sense of control and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1323306. [PMID: 38414499 PMCID: PMC10897004 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1323306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High levels of depression and low sense of control have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The removal of typical freedoms through public health restrictions may have played an important role. The aim of this review was to examine data collected during the pandemic and (1) estimate the strength of the association between sense of control and depression, (2) examine whether the different types of control measures affected the strength of the association, and (3) whether this changed as a function of pandemic indicators. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in English between December 2019 and November 2022. A total of 993 articles were identified, of which 20 were included in the review and 16 in the meta-analysis after conducting a quality assessment using the standard NIH tool. Results The control-depression association gave a bias-independent pooled effect size of r = .41, and grew stronger over the 130 weeks covered by this review but did not change as a function of local COVID incidence rates. Subgroup analyses showed that external and overall control were more strongly related to depression than internal control. Discussion These findings emphasize that external factors are important to the sense of control and the importance of preserving the sense of control in situations where the removal of personal freedoms is necessary, such as public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Kornbrot
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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2
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Li L, Sullivan A, Musah A, Stavrianaki K, Wood CE, Baker P, Kostkova P. Positive and negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey study of the UK population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297214. [PMID: 38324540 PMCID: PMC10849398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on society; it changed the way we work, learn, socialise, and move throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, policies such as business closures, travel restrictions, and social distance mandates were implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19 and implemented and relaxed intermittently throughout the response period. While negative emotions and feelings such as distress and anxiety during this time of crisis were to be expected, we also see the signs of human resilience, including positive feelings like determination, pride, and strength. A longitudinal study using online survey tools was conducted to assess people's changing moods during the pandemic in the UK. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to measure self-reported feelings and emotions throughout six periods (phases) of the study from March 2020 to July 2021. A total of 4,222 respondents participated in the survey, while a sub-group participated in each of the six study phases (n = 167). The results were analysed using a cross-sectional study design for the full group across each study phase, while prospective cohort analysis was used to assess the subset of participants who voluntarily answered the survey in each of the six study phases (n = 167). Gender, age and employment status were found to be most significant to PANAS score, with older people, retirees, and women generally reporting more positive moods, while young people and unemployed people generally reported lower positive scores and higher negative scores, indicating more negative emotions. Additionally, it was found that people generally reported higher positive feelings in the summer of 2021, which may be related to the relaxation of COVID-19-related policies in the UK as well as the introduction of vaccines for the general population. This study is an important investigation into what allows for positivity during a crisis and gives insights into periods or groups that may be vulnerable to increased negative states of emotions and feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ava Sullivan
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anwar Musah
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Stavrianaki
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E. Wood
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Baker
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Crisis Response, British Red Cross, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patty Kostkova
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Wirkner J, Brakemeier EL. The crisis is over, long live the crisis: mental health in emerging adulthood during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1283919. [PMID: 38356763 PMCID: PMC10864646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1283919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a multidimensional stressor, the COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant threat to mental health, with studies showing younger age groups to be particularly vulnerable. Thus, this study aimed to monitor mental health, potential risk/protective factors, and pandemic-related variables among young university students during the pandemic. Methods Students of the University of Greifswald (M age = 23.0 years, 73.9% female) participated in five cross-sectional online surveys in December 2020 (N = 1,127), March 2021 (N = 760), June/July 2021 (N = 531), December 2021 (N = 1,226), and December 2022 (N = 814). Sociodemographic data, depression and anxiety severity, loneliness, quality of life, coping strategies, resilience, self-esteem, and emotion regulation were measured. First, results from December 2020 were compared to pre-pandemic normative data. Second, the time course during the pandemic was analyzed. Third, linear models were calculated to examine the influence of risk and protective factures on depression and anxiety severity. Results Higher levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, as well as lower levels of self-esteem, physical and mental health, social relationships and well-being were found in December 2020 compared to pre-pandemic. Levels of depression and anxiety severity peaked in December 2022. Female sex, loneliness, and previous mental treatment showed associations with higher depression and anxiety severity, while higher self-esteem, resilience and use of reappraisal strategies appeared to act as protective factors. Discussion The study indicates the pandemic's detrimental impact on students' mental health and quality of life. Identified risk and protective factors provide guidance for tailored prevention and treatment, as well as the design of measures for future pandemics and other crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Chen B, Wang W, Yang S. The relationship between academic stress and depression among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from China. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38216950 PMCID: PMC10785333 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health has attracted great attention. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between academic stress and depression in Chinese college students and its mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of coping style, sleep quality, and interpersonal relationship in academic stress and depression among college students. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 through face-to-face questionnaires with college students in Anhui Province, China. The questionnaires included sociodemographic information, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Ordered logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between academic stress and depression of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic through the mechanism analysis of coping style, sleep quality and interpersonal relationship. RESULTS Two thousand thirty-three Chinese college students participated in the study, including 1,285 female and 748 male college students, with an average age 19.81 years old (SD = 1.22 years old). The results showed that (1) Academic stress had a significant impact on depression in college students under the background of COVID-19 (p < 0.01); (2) The influence of academic stress on depression had a difference in work experience as student cadres, which showed that college students who had served as student cadres were less affected by academic stress (p < 0.10), college students who had not served as student cadres were greatly affected by the academic stress (p < 0.05); (3) College students' attitudes toward COVID-19 significantly affected depression (p < 0.01); (4) Counselors' concern had a significant impact on college students' depression (p < 0.01); (5) Positive coping style, high quality sleep and good interpersonal relationship were the important mechanisms of the impact of academic stress on college students' depression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new findings for in-depth understanding of the relationship between academic stress and depression among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is conducive to the provision of targeted intervention measures for the mental health of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Finance and Public Administration, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, #962 Caoshan Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, No. 38, Shengli Middle Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
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5
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Davies E, Liddiard S, McConn-Palfreyman WJ, Parker JK, Cameron LJ, Williams JM. Anxiety and Depression in British Horseracing Stud and Stable Staff Following Occupational Injury. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3337. [PMID: 37958092 PMCID: PMC10649171 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Horseracing has identified several factors influencing staff wellbeing; however, the relationship between injury, anxiety, and depression is yet to be established. This study investigated anxiety and depression scores and their association to pain management, coping, and help-seeking behaviour in injured British horseracing staff. An online retrospective survey was completed by 175 participants, identifying injury prevalence, coping strategies, occupational risk factors, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Analysis identified 65.14% (n = 114) of staff reported anxiety scores above the threshold (≥8) and 59.52% (n = 104) of staff reported depression scores ≥8. Median anxiety and depression scores were higher for staff who viewed their employer as unhelpful (anxiety p = 0.001; depression p = 0.020). Heightened anxiety and depression were associated with an increased likelihood to use pain medication to manage at work, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), alcohol, nicotine, and prescription drugs (p < 0.05). Implications for staff wellbeing is evident; anxiety and depression risks are high following injury, which may influence help-seeking behaviour, perceived job security, and coping mechanisms. This paper suggests it is vital to continue to investigate poor mental health and injury in racing staff and the implications for equine welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davies
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Sophie Liddiard
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | | | - John K. Parker
- Sport Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK;
| | - Lorna J. Cameron
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Jane M. Williams
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
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6
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Mangot-Sala L, Smidt N, Liefbroer AC. Changes in anxiety and depression symptoms during the Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands. The moderating role of pre-existing mental health, employment situation and alcohol consumption. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1561-1571. [PMID: 37024616 PMCID: PMC10079151 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests an increase of depression and anxiety symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic but most studies relied on cross-sectional designs and/or small samples, and they often overlooked subgroup effects in the impact of the lockdown. We investigated the effect of the pandemic on depression and anxiety symptoms, and whether it differed by employment situation and alcohol consumption. METHODS This longitudinal study used 23 waves of the Covid-Questionnaire (April 2020-July 2021), within the Lifelines cohort from the Netherlands (n = 76,254). Depression and anxiety symptoms were combined in a "mental health score". Linear fixed-effects models were fitted to analyse trends in mental health throughout the observation period. The moderating role of pre-existing mental health, employment situation, and alcohol consumption was tested. RESULTS Depression and anxiety symptoms fluctuated considerably during the observation period, with clear peaks in winter 2021, during the strictest lockdown period. Moreover, temporal patterns differed by employment situation and alcohol consumption patterns, suggesting that various subgroups reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown in different ways. CONCLUSION Lockdowns increased depression and anxiety symptoms in the Netherlands. The effect was particularly strong for unemployed individuals, those with risky alcohol consumption patterns and those with pre-existing mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Mangot-Sala
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)-Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW), Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV, The Hague, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aart C Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)-Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW), Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Bakalova D, Nacheva I, Panchelieva T. Psychological Predictors of COVID-19-Related Anxiety in Vulnerable Groups. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1815-1830. [PMID: 37754471 PMCID: PMC10529974 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study responds to the need to explore psychological predictors of COVID-19-related anxiety in vulnerable groups. An anonymous voluntary online survey was conducted (n = 520) with (a) working parents with young children (0-12 y.o.), (b) people with chronic physical conditions, (c) people with multiple vulnerability characteristics and (d) a control group (no self-reported vulnerability) in 2022. Findings showed that perceived stress of the parents and trait anxiety of the chronic sufferers were single weak positive predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. However, both psychological factors had a stronger effect on the pandemic-related anxiety for the group with multiple vulnerabilities. In the control group, trait resilience and optimistic expectations (combined with perceived stress) were moderate negative predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. The findings emphasize the importance of perceptions, expectations, trait anxiety as well as the need for intersectional research of vulnerability from multiple perspectives. Furthermore, they highlight the necessity of group-specific policies and interventions aimed both at handling the negative psychological tendencies of the vulnerable groups and at strengthening the positive tendencies of non-vulnerable groups, rather than tackling only emergent anxiety conditions in crisis times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bakalova
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ilina Nacheva
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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8
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Bul K, Holliday N, Bhuiyan MRA, Clark CCT, Allen J, Wark PA. Usability and Preliminary Efficacy of an Artificial Intelligence-Driven Platform Supporting Dietary Management in Diabetes: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e43959. [PMID: 37556198 PMCID: PMC10448291 DOI: 10.2196/43959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition plays an important role in diabetes self-management. Web-based diabetes care, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), enables more personalized care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the usability and preliminary efficacy of a web-based AI-driven nutrition platform to support people with diabetes and their carers in identifying healthy recipes, meal planning, and web-based shopping. METHODS Diabetes UK signposted people with diabetes and their carers to the platform's study-specific portal through its website, social media, and newsletters. A total of 73 adult participants with prediabetes or diabetes or their carers completed the baseline web-based survey. Of these 73 participants, 23 (32%) completed a web-based survey after 8 weeks of platform use. Web-based semistructured interviews were conducted with platform users (7/23, 30%) who agreed to be followed up and diabetes experts (n=3) who had nutrition and platform knowledge. The intervention consists of a web-based platform that incorporates AI to personalize recipes, meal planning, and shopping list experiences and was made available for 8 weeks. Baseline characteristics, satisfaction, system usability, and diabetes-related and general health indicators were assessed before and after using the platform for 8 weeks. RESULTS Reductions in weight (mean difference 4.5 kg/m2, 95% CI 1.0-12.0; P=.009; Cliff δ=0.33) and waist size (mean difference 3.9 cm, 95% CI 2.0-6.5; P=.008; Cliff δ=0.48) were found. Most of the participants (151/217, 69.6%) did not regularly use the platform and had low or very low engagement scores. However, the platform was perceived as accessible with no need for additional assistance (11/21, 52%), user-friendly (8/21, 38%), and easy to use (8/21, 38%), regardless of some usability issues. Saving recipes was the most popular feature, with 663 saved recipes. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the usability of the nutrition platform was well perceived by users and their carers. As participants managed their diabetes well, adding an education component would be specifically relevant for people less familiar with the role of diet in diabetes management. To assess the platform's effectiveness in improving diabetes-related health indicators, controlled studies with a larger and more diverse participant sample are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bul
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki Holliday
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Rashed Alam Bhuiyan
- Centre for Trust Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire InStitute for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - John Allen
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Petra A Wark
- Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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9
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Weber M, Burchert S, Sijbrandij M, Patanè M, Pinucci I, Renneberg B, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. Mental health across two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: a 5-wave longitudinal study in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1229700. [PMID: 37614651 PMCID: PMC10442488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been negatively associated with mental health. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of mental health in the longer term of the pandemic. We aimed to investigate symptom levels and changes of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness spanning two years of the pandemic; and to examine associated risk factors. This five-wave, longitudinal online study from May 2020 to April 2022 included 636 adults (Mage = 39.5 years, SD = 16.11; 84.1% female) from the German general population who completed the international COVID-19 Mental Health Survey. Symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and loneliness ("Do you feel lonely?") were assessed using mixed-effects models. Associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined with having children, student status, financial worries, contamination fear, and loneliness. PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5, and loneliness scores overall decreased throughout the two-year period of the pandemic but exhibited an increase during two national lockdowns. Controlled for significant associations with female gender and younger age, increased PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with contamination fear, financial worries, and loneliness. No associations were found with having children and student status. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness decreased over time but varied along with the dynamics of the pandemic. Longitudinal monitoring of mental health in vulnerable subgroups is required, especially those of younger age, females, and the financially insecure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Weber
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martina Patanè
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene Pinucci
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Wurz A, Ellis K, Duchek D, Bansal M, Carrier ME, Tao L, Dyas L, Kwakkenbos L, Levis B, El-Baalbaki G, Rice DB, Wu Y, Henry RS, Bustamante L, Harb S, Hebblethwaite S, Patten SB, Bartlett SJ, Varga J, Mouthon L, Markham S, Thombs BD, Culos-Reed SN. Exploring research team members' and trial participants' perceptions of acceptability and implementation within one videoconference-based supportive care program for individuals affected by systemic sclerosis during COVID-19: a qualitative interview study. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:442-452. [PMID: 36999812 PMCID: PMC10314727 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SPIN-CHAT Program was designed to support mental health among individuals with systemic sclerosis (SSc; commonly known as scleroderma) and at least mild anxiety symptoms at the onset of COVID-19. The program was formally evaluated in the SPIN-CHAT Trial. Little is known about program and trial acceptability, and factors impacting implementation from the perspectives of research team members and trial participants. Thus, the propose of this follow-up study was to explore research team members' and trial participants' experiences with the program and trial to identify factors impacting acceptability and successful implementation. Data were collected cross-sectionally through one-on-one, videoconference-based, semi-structured interviews with 22 research team members and 30 purposefully recruited trial participants (Mage = 54.9, SD = 13.0 years). A social constructivist paradigm was adopted, and data were analyzed thematically. Data were organized into seven themes: (i) getting started: the importance of prolonged engagement and exceeding expectations; (ii) designing the program and trial: including multiple features; (iii) training: research team members are critical to positive program and trial experiences; (iv) offering the program and trial: it needs to be flexible and patient-oriented; (v) maximizing engagement: navigating and managing group dynamics; (vi) delivering a videoconference-based supportive care intervention: necessary, appreciated, and associated with some barriers; and (vii) refining the program and trial: considering modification when offered beyond the period of COVID-19 restrictions. Trial participants were satisfied with and found the SPIN-CHAT Program and Trial to be acceptable. Results offer implementation data that can guide the design, development, and refinement of other supportive care programs seeking to promote psychological health during and beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Wurz
- School of Kinesiology, University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kelsey Ellis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Delaney Duchek
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mannat Bansal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Carrier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lydia Tao
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Dyas
- National Scleroderma Foundation, Michigan Chapter, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc Center for Mindfulness, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ghassan El-Baalbaki
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard S Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Bustamante
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sami Harb
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan J Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Varga
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes et Systémiques Rares d’Ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- APHP-CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Markham
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Nicole Culos-Reed
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Cancer Care, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Stracke M, Heinzl M, Müller AD, Gilbert K, Thorup AAE, Paul JL, Christiansen H. Mental Health Is a Family Affair-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Associations between Mental Health Problems in Parents and Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054485. [PMID: 36901492 PMCID: PMC10001622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As a multidimensional and universal stressor, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the mental health of children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. In particular, families faced numerous restrictions and challenges. From the literature, it is well known that parental mental health problems and child mental health outcomes are associated. Hence, this review aims to summarize the current research on the associations of parental mental health symptoms and child mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a systematic literature search in Web of Science (all databases) and identified 431 records, of which 83 articles with data of over 80,000 families were included in 38 meta-analyses. A total of 25 meta-analyses resulted in significant small to medium associations between parental mental health symptoms and child mental health outcomes (r = 0.19 to 0.46, p < 0.05). The largest effects were observed for the associations of parenting stress and child mental health outcomes. A dysfunctional parent-child interaction has been identified as a key mechanism for the transmission of mental disorders. Thus, specific parenting interventions are needed to foster healthy parent-child interactions, to promote the mental health of families, and to reduce the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stracke
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Miriam Heinzl
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dorothee Müller
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean Lillian Paul
- Mental Health Research Program, The Village, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Mauz E, Walther L, Junker S, Kersjes C, Damerow S, Eicher S, Hölling H, Müters S, Peitz D, Schnitzer S, Thom J. Time trends in mental health indicators in Germany's adult population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1065938. [PMID: 36908429 PMCID: PMC9995751 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1065938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to compromise mental health. Despite a large number of studies, evidence on the development of mental health in general populations during the pandemic is inconclusive. One reason may be that representative data spanning the whole pandemic and allowing for comparisons to pre-pandemic data are scarce. Methods We analyzed representative data from telephone surveys of Germany's adults. Three mental health indicators were observed in ~1,000 and later up to 3,000 randomly sampled participants monthly until June 2022: symptoms of depression (observed since April 2019, PHQ-2), symptoms of anxiety (GAD-2), and self-rated mental health (latter two observed since March 2021). We produced time series graphs including estimated three-month moving means and proportions of positive screens (PHQ/GAD-2 score ≥ 3) and reports of very good/excellent mental health, as well as smoothing curves. We also compared time periods between years. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, and level of education. Results While mean depressive symptom scores declined from the first wave of the pandemic to summer 2020, they increased from October 2020 and remained consistently elevated throughout 2021 with another increase between 2021 and 2022. Correspondingly, the proportion of positive screens first decreased from 11.1% in spring/summer 2019 to 9.3% in the same period in 2020 and then rose to 13.1% in 2021 and to 16.9% in 2022. While depressive symptoms increased in all subgroups at different times, developments among women (earlier increase), the youngest (notable increase in 2021) and eldest adults, as well as the high level of education group (both latter groups: early, continuous increases) stand out. However, the social gradient in symptom levels between education groups remained unchanged. Symptoms of anxiety also increased while self-rated mental health decreased between 2021 and 2022. Conclusion Elevated symptom levels and reduced self-rated mental health at the end of our observation period in June 2022 call for further continuous mental health surveillance. Mental healthcare needs of the population should be monitored closely. Findings should serve to inform policymakers and clinicians of ongoing dynamics to guide health promotion, prevention, and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mauz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Walther
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Junker
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kersjes
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Damerow
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Eicher
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Müters
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Peitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Schnitzer
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Thom
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Comparing the effects of reduced social contact on psychosocial wellbeing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal survey from two Norwegian counties. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:1771-1784. [PMID: 36773270 PMCID: PMC9922041 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine changes to people's social contact during COVID-19, and whether reduced social contact was associated with changes to psychosocial wellbeing. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from a sample of adult respondents (18 years or more) in two Norwegian counties participating pre-COVID-19 (September 2019-February 2020; n = 20,196) and at two time points during COVID-19 (June [Mid] and November/December [Late] 2020; n = 11,953 and n = 10,968, respectively). The main outcome measures were participants' self-reported changes to social contact, loneliness, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. RESULTS The proportion of respondents reporting less social contact due to COVID-19 decreased from 62% in Mid-2020 to 55% in Late-2020. Overall, reported psychological wellbeing remained unchanged or improved from pre-COVID-19 to Mid-2020. From Mid-2020 to Late-2020, however, a reduction in psychological wellbeing was observed. Poorer psychological wellbeing was found for those with less social contact during the pandemic compared with people reporting unchanged social contact. This effect increased over time and was observed for all age groups at Late-2020. At Mid-2020, the importance of change in social contact for change in psychological wellbeing was greatest among young adults (< 30 years), while no significant differences were found for the oldest age group. CONCLUSION The association between COVID-19-era changes to social contact and loneliness, psychological distress, and life satisfaction is complex and appears to be age-dependent. Future studies should consider the quality of social contact and cultural contexts in which social restrictions are imposed.
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14
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Özdemir Ö, Yaman Z, Yilmaz M. Last utterances of patients in Covid Intensive Care Units: A qualitative study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 42:106-112. [PMID: 36842820 PMCID: PMC9794392 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses who provide patient care in COVID-19 intensive care have witnessed that patients experience problems such as fear of death, loneliness, helplessness, uncertainty, anxiety, etc. OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to examine the messages written by the patients who receive treatment in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) through letters and their feelings and thoughts which they wanted to convey to their families. METHOD This study employed a qualitative research design. The sample of the study consisted of 52 patients admitted to the ICU. The data of the study were obtained by examining the letters written by the patients who received treatment in the COVID-19 ICU between April 2021 and June 2021. The researchers collected the research data through document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. FINDINGS The messages that patients in the ICU wanted to convey to their families were identified as having two main themes: "emotions in the experience of illness" and "views on death." The "views on death" theme included sub-themes such as fear of death, the meaning of life, acceptance of death and Saying halal for the rights over each other, and wills. The "emotions in the experience of illness" theme included sub-themes of love, hope/ hopelessness, loneliness, and longing. CONCLUSION It is assumed that patients have the risk of encountering a variety of problems during their stay in ICU due to COVID-19 and that providing good physical and psychosocial care will improve the coping mechanisms of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Özdemir
- Kilis 7 Aralık University, Yusuf Şerefoğlu Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - Zeliha Yaman
- Mersin University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mualla Yilmaz
- Mersin University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Mersin, Turkey.
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15
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Wang J, Spencer A, Hulme C, Corbett A, Khan Z, Da Silva MV, O’Dwyer S, Wright N, Testad I, Ballard C, Creese B, Smith R. Healthcare utilisation, physical activity and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: an interrupted time-series analysis of older adults in England. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:1617-1630. [PMID: 36692792 PMCID: PMC9702630 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-022-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 measures which reduce interpersonal contact may be effective in containing the transmission, but their impacts on peoples' well-being and daily lives overtime remain unclear. Older adults are more vulnerable to both the virus and social isolation. It is therefore imperative to understand how they were affected during this period. Major concerns arising from the pandemic cover the aspects of mental health, healthcare utilisation and individual behavioural changes. Complementing the existing before-and-after analyses, we explore the impacts of easing and re-introducing COVID-19 measures by using a time-series data in England. The data was collected between May and November 2020 from the monthly surveys of the Platform for Research Online to Investigate Genetics and Cognition in Aging (PROTECT). Chi-squared analysis and interrupted time-series analysis were conducted to examine impacts of easing and re-introducing COVID-19 measures. Overall, mental health improves overtime but at a decreasing rate. The use of telephone/video consultations with a doctor or health professional presented a decreasing trend during the pandemic, whilst that of in-person consultation was increasing overtime. We observed significant variations in the time trends of mental health measures, healthcare utilisation and physical activity following the ease but not the re-introduction of COVID-19 measures. Future research is required to understand if these asymmetric impacts were driven by adaption of the people or stringency of the measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00741-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn Wang
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Spencer
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Vasconcelos Da Silva
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Siobhan O’Dwyer
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie Wright
- Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Ingelin Testad
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine - SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Clive Ballard
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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16
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Lelo de Larrea-Mancera ES, Stavropoulos T, Carrillo AA, Cheung S, He YJ, Eddins DA, Molis MR, Gallun FJ, Seitz AR. Remote auditory assessment using Portable Automated Rapid Testing (PART) and participant-owned devices. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:807. [PMID: 36050190 PMCID: PMC9355663 DOI: 10.1121/10.0013221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Remote testing of auditory function can be transformative to both basic research and hearing healthcare; however, historically, many obstacles have limited remote collection of reliable and valid auditory psychometric data. Here, we report performance on a battery of auditory processing tests using a remotely administered system, Portable Automatic Rapid Testing. We compare a previously reported dataset collected in a laboratory setting with the same measures using uncalibrated, participant-owned devices in remote settings (experiment 1, n = 40) remote with and without calibrated hardware (experiment 2, n = 36) and laboratory with and without calibrated hardware (experiment 3, n = 58). Results were well-matched across datasets and had similar reliability, but overall performance was slightly worse than published norms. Analyses of potential nuisance factors such as environmental noise, distraction, or lack of calibration failed to provide reliable evidence that these factors contributed to the observed variance in performance. These data indicate feasibility of remote testing of suprathreshold auditory processing using participants' own devices. Although the current investigation was limited to young participants without hearing difficulties, its outcomes demonstrate the potential for large-scale, remote hearing testing of more hearing-diverse populations both to advance basic science and to establish the clinical viability of auditory remote testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Stavropoulos
- Brain Game Center, University of California, Riverside, 1201 University Avenue #204, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Audrey Anna Carrillo
- Brain Game Center, University of California, Riverside, 1201 University Avenue #204, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Sierra Cheung
- Brain Game Center, University of California, Riverside, 1201 University Avenue #204, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Yue J He
- Brain Game Center, University of California, Riverside, 1201 University Avenue #204, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - David A Eddins
- University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Michelle R Molis
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Frederick J Gallun
- Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
| | - Aaron R Seitz
- Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, USA
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17
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Konrad AC, Förster K, Kurtz M, Endrass T, Jauk E, Kanske P. Social Factors Predict Distress Development in Adults With Pre-existing Mental Disorders During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:849650. [PMID: 35846696 PMCID: PMC9286674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.849650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical distancing measures during the coronavirus pandemic are associated with increased psychological distress, especially in people with mental disorders. We investigated which social risk and resilience factors influence distress over time in people with pre-existing mental disorders. We conducted a longitudinal online survey with weekly follow-ups between April and July 2020 (n = 196 individuals with, and n = 545 individuals without pre-existing mental disorders at baseline). Our results show that individuals with, but not those without pre-existing mental disorders displayed higher distress levels when social resources and empathic disconnection are low and perceived social isolation is high. The distress development differed between participants with and without pre-existing mental disorders depending on their level of social resources, empathic disconnection, and perceived social isolation. These findings offer specific information for targeted social interventions to prevent an increase in incidence of mental disorders during physical distancing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Konrad
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcel Kurtz
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Jauk
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Brătucu G, Tudor AIM, Litră AV, Nichifor E, Chițu IB, Brătucu TO. Designing the Well-Being of Romanians by Achieving Mental Health with Digital Methods and Public Health Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137868. [PMID: 35805527 PMCID: PMC9265539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Taking care of mental health is a state of mind. Amid the challenges of the current context, mental health has become one of the problems with the greatest impact on citizens and the evolution of any economy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people have become more anxious, solitary, preoccupied with themselves, and depressed because their entire universe has changed, by restricting their social and professional life; the increase in concern caused by a possible illness of them or those close to them made to isolate themselves. Two qualitative (group and in-depth interviews) and one survey-based quantitative research were carried out, which allowed the quantification of the opinions, perceptions, and attitudes of Romanians regarding the effectiveness of policies for the prevention and treatment of depression. Quantitative research revealed that most of the subjects had never participated in a mental health assessment, and a quarter of them had visited a mental health specialist more than two years ago. Based on the results, proposals were elaborated, which have been addressed both to the specialists from the Ministry of Health and to those from the academic environment, that may have an impact on the elaboration of some public mental health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brătucu
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Brașov, Colina Universității Street No. 1, Building A, 500068 Brașov, Romania; (G.B.); (A.I.M.T.); (E.N.); (I.B.C.)
| | - Andra Ioana Maria Tudor
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Brașov, Colina Universității Street No. 1, Building A, 500068 Brașov, Romania; (G.B.); (A.I.M.T.); (E.N.); (I.B.C.)
| | - Adriana Veronica Litră
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Brașov, Colina Universității Street No. 1, Building A, 500068 Brașov, Romania; (G.B.); (A.I.M.T.); (E.N.); (I.B.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliza Nichifor
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Brașov, Colina Universității Street No. 1, Building A, 500068 Brașov, Romania; (G.B.); (A.I.M.T.); (E.N.); (I.B.C.)
| | - Ioana Bianca Chițu
- Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Brașov, Colina Universității Street No. 1, Building A, 500068 Brașov, Romania; (G.B.); (A.I.M.T.); (E.N.); (I.B.C.)
| | - Tamara-Oana Brătucu
- The School Center for Inclusive Education Brasov, 125 Bd. 13 Decembrie, 500164 Brașov, Romania;
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19
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and family situation of clinically referred children and adolescents in Switzerland: results of a survey among mental health care professionals after 1 year of COVID-19. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:675-688. [PMID: 35652976 PMCID: PMC9160518 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being of clinically referred children and adolescents and on their families from the perspective of mental health care professionals in Switzerland during the first year of the pandemic. Psychiatrists and psychologists for children and adolescents participated in an anonymous survey conducted online in April/May 2021. The survey was completed by 454 mental health care professionals, most of them working in outpatient clinics for child and adolescent psychiatry or in independent practices. Most participants indicated an important increase of referrals for depression (86.8% of respondents), anxiety disorders (81.5%), crisis interventions (76.2%), psychosomatic disorders (66.1%), suicidality (63.8%), and behavioral addictions, e.g., excessive gaming (64.6%). In contrast, referrals or treatment demands for disorders such as autism spectrum disorder or psychosis showed no substantial change or a slight decrease, respectively. According to 69% of respondents, patients experienced the highest psychological burden in January/February/March 2021. Family problems very frequently reported by mental health professionals were parents' worries about loneliness/isolation of the child (49%), child's education and academic future (33%), increased media use due to missing options of recreational activities (37.6%), as well as multiple stresses of mothers (36.3%). To conclude, the pandemic has substantially changed the pattern of disorders and the number of clinical referrals of children and adolescents with mental health problems, which has serious consequences for the treatment supply in Switzerland.
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20
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Self-Determination as a Mechanism for Personality Sustainability in Conditions of Daily Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty, threat to life, and repeated lockdowns have significantly undermined people’s psychological well-being. In such situations, the basic needs for self-determination (SDT) are disrupted—autonomy, connectedness, and competence—but it is the resulting dissatisfaction that actualizes a search for strategies to cope with the problem. The objective of this article is to critically review the literature on various ways that people are coping with specific experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship to basic needs to maintain sustainability. We searched on the Web of Science CC database for relevant studies (2020–2021) and their systematization from the standpoint of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This showed the dynamics of coping methods, reflecting a transition from confusion when confronted with stress, to the selection of effective strategies, confirming that when basic needs are blocked for a long time, people begin to search for a way to satisfy them. We present three levels of grouped coping methods: (1) physiological, (2) behavioral, and (3) cognitive, demonstrating their interrelationship with orientation (to oneself or to the context), assessment (a threat or a challenge), and basic psychological needs. The proposed model opens up prospects for creating effective coping and training programs for sustainable development of the individual in crisis situations.
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21
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Gundogan S, Arpaci I. Depression as a mediator between fear of COVID-19 and death anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35496364 PMCID: PMC9041276 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply and an increase in psychological distress have been observed in globally. Therefore, investigation of the psychological problems associated with the COVID-19 has become an important research area. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationships among Fear of COVID-19 (FoC), depression, and death anxiety. Further, the study investigated the mediating role of depression in the relationship between FoC and death anxiety. The "Fear of COVID-19 scale", "Depression Scale" and "Death Anxiety Scale" were used to collect data from 372 emerging adults aged between 18 and 25 years. The results indicated that FoC was a positive and significant predictor of both depression and death anxiety. The results further indicated that depression was a positive and significant predictor of death anxiety. Depression partially mediated the relationship between FoC and death anxiety. The findings suggested that the FoC may trigger depression and death anxiety, and therefore, preventive measures should be more emphasized. The findings have implications for mental health professionals and practitioners in counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Educational Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Arpaci
- Department of Software Engineering, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Fu H, Wang B. The Effect of Risk Perception on Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood Under the Local Outbreak of COVID-19: A Conditional Process Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:759510. [PMID: 35432112 PMCID: PMC9007234 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.759510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the influence mechanism of COVID-19 risk perception on anxiety in emerging adulthood in the context of public health events of the second round of COVID-19 outbreaks and provide support for exploring the path of mental health after the normalization of the epidemic situation. An online questionnaire, combined with community social work, was used in this study, and data of 522 emerging adults were collected in February 2021. The Perceived Risk of COVID-19 pandemic scale (PRCPS), the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, the scale of affect balance, and the connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used to investigate. The results showed that: first, the risk perception of COVID-19 in early adulthood was positively predictive of anxiety symptoms [B = 0.110, p < 0.05, 95%CI = (0.042, 0.176)]. Second, the affective quality of life plays a mediating role between the risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety [B = 0.108, 95%CI = (0.060, 0.161)]. Thirdly, resilience plays a moderating role between the risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety, the higher the resilience of emerging adulthood, the weaker effects of the risk perception of COVID-19 negative prediction of anxiety [B = −0.110, p < 0.001, 95%CI = (−0.170, −0.049)]. Therefore, to control the anxiety of emerging adulthood in public health events, we should pay attention to the propaganda and management of epidemic information, improve the quality of life, and attention should be paid to the emerging adulthood with low resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Fu
- Psychological Education and Counseling Center, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Psychology Department, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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23
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Eitenmüller P, Köhler S, Hirsch O, Christiansen H. The Impact of Prepartum Depression and Birth Experience on Postpartum Mother-Infant Bonding: A Longitudinal Path Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:815822. [PMID: 35706472 PMCID: PMC9189288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.815822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Negative effects of impaired postpartum mother-infant-bonding on mental health of mothers, their newborn children and subsequent child development are well documented. Previous research demonstrated an association between a negative birth experience and postpartum mental health affecting postpartum mother-infant bonding. This study investigates the extent to which prepartum depression and birth experience influence the postpartum mental health of mothers and their bonding toward their newborns, and whether these influences differ according to parity and self-reported prior mental health problems. METHOD Three hundred and fifty-four women (18-43 years; M = 30.13, SD = 5.10) filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS), Salmon's Item List (SIL) assessing the birth experience, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) at pre- and postpartum; they were also asked about birth complications and parity status. RESULTS Primipara reported significantly more birth complications (p = 0.048), with path analysis confirming this result (p < 0.001). Birth complications were associated with a more negative rating of the overall birth experience (p < 0.001). Mothers with self-reported prior mental health problems had higher prepartum depression scores (p < 0.001) but did not differ in other variables from mothers without prior self-reported mental health problems. Differences in depression scores between mothers with self-reported prior mental health problems and those without vanished at postpartum assessment (p > 0.05). Path-analysis highlighted the key role of postpartum depression, which was the only significant predictor of postpartum impairment in maternal-child bonding (p < 0.001). Birth experience and prepartum depression scores exerted an indirect effect on postpartum maternal-child bonding, mediated by postpartum depression. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrates the relevance of prepartum mental health of expectant mothers, especially of those who self-report prior mental health problems. The results support that reducing mental health problems of pregnant mothers might contribute to a more positive birth experience and potentially reduce postpartum depressive symptoms. As postpartum depression is associated with impaired parent-child bonding, such targeted interventions could promote child development. Group differences between primiparous and multiparous mothers suggest that the birth experience may be an influential factor for postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Eitenmüller
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Siegmund Köhler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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24
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Gale N, Roehrle B. Introduction to “Psychology, Global Threats, Social Challenge, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: European Perspectives”. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gale
- European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Roehrle
- Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany
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