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Cameselle S, Velo A, Doval MD, Broullón D, Pérez FF. Long-term trends of pH, alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration in an upwelling-dominated coastal ecosystem: Ría de Vigo, NW Spain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17929. [PMID: 39095574 PMCID: PMC11297135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), a coastal embayment influenced by the Canary Current Upwelling System, which is among the world's significant Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems. The research assesses historical changes in the marine carbonate system by generating 25-year weekly time series at six stations . Assessing ocean acidification in the region is complex due to diverse factors influencing coastal carbon dynamics, making predictions more challenging. To capture the specific dynamics in Ría de Vigo, ensembles of Neural Networks were applied. These networks were trained with a data set obtained in several oceanographic cruises, in order to retrieve pH, hydrogen ion concentration and alkalinity, achieving a root mean square error of 0.0272 pH units, 0.588 nmol kg - 1 , and 10.6 μ mol kg - 1 , respectively. Subsequently, time series of the selected variables were generated, applying data of predictors measured at the aforementioned stations . An increase in normalized alkalinity was observed for all stations, except in the surface layer at the innermost location. A decrease in pH and an increase in hydrogen ion concentration were observed for all points, with trends that exceed reported rates of ocean acidification in the open ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cameselle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Antón Velo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Doval
- Instituto Tecnológico para el Control del Medio Marino de Galicia (INTECMAR), Peirao de Vilaxoan, 36611, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain
| | - Daniel Broullón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fiz F Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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2
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Jiao M, Li J, Zhang M, Zhuang H, Li A, Liu L, Xue S, Liu L, Tang Y, Mao Y. Shellfish CO 2 excretion is modulated by seawater carbonate chemistry but largely independent of pCO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48027-48038. [PMID: 39017875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Four species of shellfish, blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), zhikong scallops (Chlamys farreri), and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), were exposed to decoupled carbonate system variables to investigate the impacts of different seawater carbonate parameters on the CO2 excretion process of mariculture shellfish. Six experimental groups with two levels of seawater pH (pH 8.1 and pH 7.7) and three levels of total alkalinity (TA = 1000, 2300, and 3600 μmol/kg, respectively) were established, while pH 8.1 and TA = 2300 μmol/kg was taken as control. Results showed that the CO2 excretion rates of these tested shellfish were significantly affected by the change in carbonate chemistry (P < 0.05). At the same TA level, animals incubated in the acidified group (pH 7.7) had a lower CO2 excretion rate than those in the control group (pH 8.1). In comparison, at the same pH level, the CO2 excretion rate increased when seawater TA level was elevated. No significant correlation between the CO2 excretion rate and seawater pCO2 levels (P > 0.05) was found; however, a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between CO2 excretion rate and TA-DIC (the difference between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon) was observed. Blue mussel has a significantly higher CO2 excretion rate than the other three species in the CO2 excretions per unit mass of soft parts, with no significant difference observed among these three species. However, in terms of CO2 excretion rate per unit mass of gills, abalone has the highest CO2 excretion rate, while significant differences were found between each species. Our studies indicate that the CO2 buffering capacity impacts the CO2 excretion rate of four shellfish species largely independent of pCO2. Since CO2 excretion is related to acid-base balancing, the results imply that the effects of other carbonate parameters, particularly the CO2 buffering capacity, should be studied to fully understand the mechanism of how acidification affects shellfish. Besides, the species difference in gill to soft parts proportion may contribute to the species difference in responding to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jiao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Haonan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Longzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Suyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lulei Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuze Tang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yuze Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
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3
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Bogumil M, Mittal T, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. The effects of bathymetry on the long-term carbon cycle and CCD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400232121. [PMID: 38748585 PMCID: PMC11126914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400232121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The shape of the ocean floor (bathymetry) and the overlaying sediments provide the largest carbon sink throughout Earth's history, supporting ~one to two orders of magnitude more carbon storage than the oceans and atmosphere combined. While accumulation and erosion of these sediments are bathymetry dependent (e.g., due to pressure, temperature, salinity, ion concentration, and available productivity), no systemic study has quantified how global and basin scale bathymetry, controlled by the evolution of tectonics and mantle convection, affects the long-term carbon cycle. We reconstruct bathymetry spanning the last 80 Myr to describe steady-state changes in ocean chemistry within the Earth system model LOSCAR. We find that both bathymetry reconstructions and representative synthetic tests show that ocean alkalinity, calcite saturation state, and the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) are strongly dependent on changes in shallow bathymetry (ocean floor ≤600 m) and on the distribution of the deep marine regions (>1,000 m). Limiting Cenozoic evolution to bathymetry alone leads to predicted CCD variations spanning 500 m, 33 to 50% of the total observed variations in the paleoproxy records. Our results suggest that neglecting bathymetric changes leads to significant misattribution to uncertain carbon cycle parameters (e.g., atmospheric CO2 and water column temperature) and processes (e.g., biological pump efficiency and silicate-carbonate riverine flux). To illustrate this point, we use our updated bathymetry for an Early Paleogene C cycle case study. We obtain carbonate riverine flux estimates that suggest a reversal of the weathering trend with respect to present-day, contrasting with previous studies, but consistent with proxy records and tectonic reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bogumil
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1567
| | - Tushar Mittal
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
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4
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Van Den Berghe M, Walworth NG, Dalvie NC, Dupont CL, Springer M, Andrews MG, Romaniello SJ, Hutchins DA, Montserrat F, Silver PA, Nealson KH. Microbial Catalysis for CO 2 Sequestration: A Geobiological Approach. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041673. [PMID: 37788887 PMCID: PMC11065169 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest threats facing the planet is the continued increase in excess greenhouse gasses, with CO2 being the primary driver due to its rapid increase in only a century. Excess CO2 is exacerbating known climate tipping points that will have cascading local and global effects including loss of biodiversity, global warming, and climate migration. However, global reduction of CO2 emissions is not enough. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will also be needed to avoid the catastrophic effects of global warming. Although the drawdown and storage of CO2 occur naturally via the coupling of the silicate and carbonate cycles, they operate over geological timescales (thousands of years). Here, we suggest that microbes can be used to accelerate this process, perhaps by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously producing potentially valuable by-products. This could provide both a sustainable pathway for global drawdown of CO2 and an environmentally benign biosynthesis of materials. We discuss several different approaches, all of which involve enhancing the rate of silicate weathering. We use the silicate mineral olivine as a case study because of its favorable weathering properties, global abundance, and growing interest in CDR applications. Extensive research is needed to determine both the upper limit of the rate of silicate dissolution and its potential to economically scale to draw down significant amounts (Mt/Gt) of CO2 Other industrial processes have successfully cultivated microbial consortia to provide valuable services at scale (e.g., wastewater treatment, anaerobic digestion, fermentation), and we argue that similar economies of scale could be achieved from this research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan G Walworth
- Vesta, San Francisco, California 94114, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Neil C Dalvie
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chris L Dupont
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Michael Springer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | - David A Hutchins
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | | | - Pamela A Silver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Vesta, San Francisco, California 94114, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
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5
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Ramme L, Ilyina T, Marotzke J. Moderate greenhouse climate and rapid carbonate formation after Marinoan snowball Earth. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3571. [PMID: 38670992 PMCID: PMC11053170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
When the Marinoan snowball Earth deglaciated in response to high atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, the planet warmed rapidly. It is commonly hypothesized that the ensuing supergreenhouse climate then declined slowly over hundreds of thousands of years through continental weathering. However, how the ocean affected atmospheric CO2 in the snowball Earth aftermath has never been quantified. Here we show that the ocean's carbon cycle drives the supergreenhouse climate evolution via a set of different mechanisms, triggering scenarios ranging from a rapid decline to an intensification of the supergreenhouse climate. We further identify the rapid formation of carbonate sediments from pre-existing ocean alkalinity as a possible explanation for the enigmatic origin of Marinoan cap dolostones. This work demonstrates that a moderate and relatively short-lived supergreenhouse climate following the Marinoan snowball Earth is a plausible scenario that is in accordance with geological data, challenging the previous hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Ramme
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tatiana Ilyina
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jochem Marotzke
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Kessouri F, Sutula MA, Bianchi D, Ho M, Damien P, McWilliams JC, Frieder CA, Renault L, Frenzel H, McLaughlin K, Deutsch C. Cross-shore transport and eddies promote large scale response to urban eutrophication. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7240. [PMID: 38538671 PMCID: PMC11350003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A key control on the magnitude of coastal eutrophication is the degree to which currents quickly transport nitrogen derived from human sources away from the coast to the open ocean before eutrophication develops. In the Southern California Bight (SCB), an upwelling-dominated eastern boundary current ecosystem, anthropogenic nitrogen inputs increase algal productivity and cause subsurface acidification and oxygen (O2 ) loss along the coast. However, the extent of anthropogenic influence on eutrophication beyond the coastal band, and the physical transport mechanisms and biogeochemical processes responsible for these effects are still poorly understood. Here, we use a submesoscale-resolving numerical model to document the detailed biogeochemical mass balance of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen, their physical transport, and effects on offshore habitats. Despite management of terrestrial nutrients that has occurred in the region over the last 20 years, coastal eutrophication continues to persist. The input of anthropogenic nutrients promote an increase in productivity, remineralization and respiration offshore, with recurrent O2 loss and pH decline in a region located 30-90 km from the mainland. During 2013 to 2017, the spatially averaged 5-year loss rate across the Bight was 1.3 mmol m- 3 O2 , with some locations losing on average up to 14.2 mmol m- 3 O2 . The magnitude of loss is greater than model uncertainty assessed from data-model comparisons and from quantification of intrinsic variability. This phenomenon persists for 4 to 6 months of the year over an area of 278,40 km2 ( ∼ 30% of SCB area). These recurrent features of acidification and oxygen loss are associated with cross-shore transport of nutrients by eddies and plankton biomass and their accumulation and retention within persistent eddies offshore within the SCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Kessouri
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Martha A Sutula
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Minna Ho
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pierre Damien
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James C McWilliams
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christina A Frieder
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Lionel Renault
- Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale, IRD, CNRS, CNES, UPS, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Hartmut Frenzel
- School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- CICOES, University of Washington and NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Karen McLaughlin
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Curtis Deutsch
- Department of Geosciences, High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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7
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Raju C, Elpa DP, Urban PL. Automation and Computerization of (Bio)sensing Systems. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1033-1048. [PMID: 38363106 PMCID: PMC10964247 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sensing systems necessitate automation to reduce human effort, increase reproducibility, and enable remote sensing. In this perspective, we highlight different types of sensing systems with elements of automation, which are based on flow injection and sequential injection analysis, microfluidics, robotics, and other prototypes addressing specific real-world problems. Finally, we discuss the role of computer technology in sensing systems. Automated flow injection and sequential injection techniques offer precise and efficient sample handling and dependable outcomes. They enable continuous analysis of numerous samples, boosting throughput, and saving time and resources. They enhance safety by minimizing contact with hazardous chemicals. Microfluidic systems are enhanced by automation to enable precise control of parameters and increase of analysis speed. Robotic sampling and sample preparation platforms excel in precise execution of intricate, repetitive tasks such as sample handling, dilution, and transfer. These platforms enhance efficiency by multitasking, use minimal sample volumes, and they seamlessly integrate with analytical instruments. Other sensor prototypes utilize mechanical devices and computer technology to address real-world issues, offering efficient, accurate, and economical real-time solutions for analyte identification and quantification in remote areas. Computer technology is crucial in modern sensing systems, enabling data acquisition, signal processing, real-time analysis, and data storage. Machine learning and artificial intelligence enhance predictions from the sensor data, supporting the Internet of Things with efficient data management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamarthi
Maheswar Raju
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Decibel P. Elpa
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L. Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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8
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Qiu L, Jiang K, Li Q, Yuan D, Chen J, Yang B, Achterberg EP. Variability of total alkalinity in coastal surface waters determined using an in-situ analyzer in conjunction with the application of a neural network-based prediction model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168271. [PMID: 37918720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Total alkalinity (TA) is an important variable of the ocean carbonate system. In coastal oceans, carbonate system dynamics are controlled by a range of processes including photosynthesis and respiration, calcification, mixing of water masses, continental inputs, temperature changes, and seasonal upwelling. Assessments of diel, seasonal and interannual variations in TA are required to understand the carbon cycle in coastal oceans. However, our understanding of these variations remains underdeveloped due to limitations in observational techniques. Autonomous TA measurements are therefore required. In this study, an in situ TA analyzer (ISA-TA) based on a single-point titration with spectrophotometric pH detection was deployed in Tong'an Bay, Xiamen, China, over a five-month period in 2021 to determine diel and seasonal TA variations. The TA observations were combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) model to construct TA prediction models for this area. This provided a simple method to investigate TA variations in this region and was applied to predict surface water TA between March and April 2021. The in situ TA observations showed that TA values in Tong'an Bay varied within a range from 1931 to 2294 μmol kg-1 over the study period, with low TA in late winter, early summer and late summer, and high TA in early winter. The TA variations in late summer and early winter were mainly controlled by mixing of water bodies. The diel variations of TA were greatly determined by tides, with a diel amplitude of 9 to 247 μmol kg-1. The ANN model used temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen to estimate TA, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ∼14 μmol kg-1, with salinity as the input variable with the greatest weight. The approach of combining ISA-TA observations with an ANN model can be extended to study the carbonate system in other coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Quanlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry, Chemical Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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9
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Sarma NS, Chiranjeevulu G, Pandi SR, Rao DB, Sarma VVSS. Coupling between chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon in Indian estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167120. [PMID: 37717775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the coupling between Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in eighteen Indian estuaries across salinity gradient of the east and west coasts during the monsoon season, characterized by significant river discharge. The hypothesis that humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA), prominent in estuarine CDOM, closely correspond to the 'organic alkalinity' (Aorg) component of total alkalinity is examined. In most estuaries, specifically those along the northeast coast (NE) and southwest coast (SW), a significant linear relationship exists between DIC, CDOM abundance, and pH level. Notably, minor estuaries along the southeast coast (SE) and northwest coast (NW) exhibit elevated DIC levels beyond what this relationship predicts. These estuaries also reveal heightened ammonium levels, increased δ15N values, and decreased δ13C values, indicative of anthropogenic influence. CDOM properties, such as spectral slope (S300-500) and spectral slope ratio (SR, S275-295:S350-400), align with these findings, with SE and NW estuaries displaying higher values. On average, CDOM contributes 110.5 μM (6.8 %) to DIC in NE, 390.7 μM (11 %) in SE, 24.4 μM (4.8 %) in SW, and 122.2 μM (4 %) in NW estuaries. The relationship between total alkalinity minus DIC (TA-DIC) and pH25 suggests that CDOM, mediated by HA/FA, buffers the inorganic carbon system in estuaries. This buffering capacity weakens at elevated DIC levels, and this condition is marked by anomalous SR values compared to the baseline salinity-SR linear regression. This Study suggests that estuarine CDOM could largely represent "organic alkalinity" and could help monitor acidification in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittala S Sarma
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India.
| | - G Chiranjeevulu
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Sudarsana Rao Pandi
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dokala Bhaskara Rao
- Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Regional Centre, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530017, India
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10
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Lodeiro P, Rey-Castro C, David C, Humphreys MP, Gledhill M. Proton Binding Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted from the North Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21136-21144. [PMID: 38051294 PMCID: PMC10734258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) presents key thermodynamic properties that are not yet fully constrained. Here, we report the distribution of binding sites occupied by protons (i.e., proton affinity spectra) and parametrize the median intrinsic proton binding affinities (log K̅H) and heterogeneities (m), for DOM samples extracted from the North Atlantic. We estimate that 11.4 ± 0.6% of C atoms in the extracted marine DOM have a functional group with a binding site for ionic species. The log K̅H of the most acidic groups was larger (4.01-4.02 ± 0.02) than that observed in DOM from coastal waters (3.82 ± 0.02), while the chemical binding heterogeneity parameter increased with depth to values (m1= 0.666 ± 0.009) ca. 10% higher than those observed in surface open ocean or coastal samples. On the contrary, the log K̅H for the less acidic groups shows a difference between the surface (10.01 ± 0.08) and deep (9.22 ± 0.35) samples. The latter chemical groups were more heterogeneous for marine than for terrestrial DOM, and m2 decreased with depth to values of 0.28 ± 0.03. Binding heterogeneity reflects aromatic carbon compounds' persistence and accumulation in diverse, low-abundance chemical forms, while easily degradable low-affinity groups accumulate more uniformly in the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lodeiro
- Department
of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida − AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Department
of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida − AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Calin David
- Department
of Chemistry, Physics, Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida − AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Matthew P. Humphreys
- Department
of Ocean Systems (OCS), NIOZ Royal Netherlands
Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg
(Texel), The Netherlands
| | - Martha Gledhill
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Reithmaier GMS, Cabral A, Akhand A, Bogard MJ, Borges AV, Bouillon S, Burdige DJ, Call M, Chen N, Chen X, Cotovicz LC, Eagle MJ, Kristensen E, Kroeger KD, Lu Z, Maher DT, Pérez-Lloréns JL, Ray R, Taillardat P, Tamborski JJ, Upstill-Goddard RC, Wang F, Wang ZA, Xiao K, Yau YYY, Santos IR. Carbonate chemistry and carbon sequestration driven by inorganic carbon outwelling from mangroves and saltmarshes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8196. [PMID: 38081846 PMCID: PMC10713528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangroves and saltmarshes are biogeochemical hotspots storing carbon in sediments and in the ocean following lateral carbon export (outwelling). Coastal seawater pH is modified by both uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and natural biogeochemical processes, e.g., wetland inputs. Here, we investigate how mangroves and saltmarshes influence coastal carbonate chemistry and quantify the contribution of alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) outwelling to blue carbon budgets. Observations from 45 mangroves and 16 saltmarshes worldwide revealed that >70% of intertidal wetlands export more DIC than alkalinity, potentially decreasing the pH of coastal waters. Porewater-derived DIC outwelling (81 ± 47 mmol m-2 d-1 in mangroves and 57 ± 104 mmol m-2 d-1 in saltmarshes) was the major term in blue carbon budgets. However, substantial amounts of fixed carbon remain unaccounted for. Concurrently, alkalinity outwelling was similar or higher than sediment carbon burial and is therefore a significant but often overlooked carbon sequestration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cabral
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Coastal and Estuarine Environment Research Group, Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, 239-0826, Japan
| | - Matthew J Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Alberto V Borges
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Bouillon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Burdige
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Mitchel Call
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Nengwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Luiz C Cotovicz
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Meagan J Eagle
- Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Erik Kristensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kevin D Kroeger
- Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Zeyang Lu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Damien T Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - J Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Raghab Ray
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pierre Taillardat
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Joseph J Tamborski
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Rob C Upstill-Goddard
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Faming Wang
- Xiaoliang Research Station of Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yvonne Y Y Yau
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isaac R Santos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Reershemius T, Kelland ME, Jordan JS, Davis IR, D'Ascanio R, Kalderon-Asael B, Asael D, Suhrhoff TJ, Epihov DZ, Beerling DJ, Reinhard CT, Planavsky NJ. Initial Validation of a Soil-Based Mass-Balance Approach for Empirical Monitoring of Enhanced Rock Weathering Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19497-19507. [PMID: 37961896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a promising scalable and cost-effective carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy with significant environmental and agronomic co-benefits. A major barrier to large-scale implementation of ERW is a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) framework. To successfully quantify the amount of carbon dioxide removed by ERW, MRV must be accurate, precise, and cost-effective. Here, we outline a mass-balance-based method in which analysis of the chemical composition of soil samples is used to track in situ silicate rock weathering. We show that signal-to-noise issues of in situ soil analysis can be mitigated by using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry to reduce analytical error. We implement a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating the method in controlled mesocosms. In our experiment, a basalt rock feedstock is added to soil columns containing the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor at a rate equivalent to 50 t ha-1. Using our approach, we calculate rock weathering corresponding to an average initial CDR value of 1.44 ± 0.27 tCO2eq ha-1 from our experiments after 235 days, within error of an independent estimate calculated using conventional elemental budgeting of reaction products. Our method provides a robust time-integrated estimate of initial CDR, to feed into models that track and validate large-scale carbon removal through ERW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Reershemius
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mike E Kelland
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jacob S Jordan
- Porecast Research, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Isabelle R Davis
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K
| | - Rocco D'Ascanio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Boriana Kalderon-Asael
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dan Asael
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - T Jesper Suhrhoff
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dimitar Z Epihov
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - David J Beerling
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Christopher T Reinhard
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Noah J Planavsky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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13
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Athulya PA, Chandrasekaran N. Exposure of true to life microplastics to Donax faba under two different pH conditions: A microcosm approach. REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 67:103197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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14
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Zhang M, Li J, Jiao M, Tang Y, Li A, Liu L, Liu L, Xue S, Mao Y. The effect of total alkalinity on growth performance and calcification in juvenile Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106209. [PMID: 37776806 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A 45-day trial was conducted to study the effect of seawater total alkalinity (TA) level up- and downregulation on the growth performance and calcification of Haliotis discus hannai Ino, while seawater pH was maintained at pHNBS = 8.1. Although seawater was not acidified, the results showed that TA downregulation caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the somatic tissue growth of juvenile abalone, while TA upregulation significantly increased growth performance (P < 0.05). Similar to the impacts of pH reduction, TA downregulation also induces a decline in CO2 buffering capacity, which may be the reason why somatic tissue growth was reduced, as lowered CO2 buffering capacity was reported to shift the acid-base balancing of abalone. Parts of the periostracum layer weremissing and exposed the inner shell layers of the individuals from the TA-downregulated group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed calcium carbonate densely deposited onto the inner shell in the control and TA-upregulated groups, while sparsely deposited calcium carbonate was observed in the TA-downregulated group. The C: N ratio in the shell of individuals from the TA-downregulated group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, indicating that less inorganic carbon was added to the shell. As a result, abalone grew lighter and thinner shells in TA-downregulated seawater. Although seawater was not acidified, TA downregulation also caused a reduction in the calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω), which induced the erosion of the surface shell and the interruption of calcium carbonate generation. In conclusion, although seawater pH remained at ambient levels, the lowered CO2 buffering capacity and Ω induced by seawater TA downregulation also showed a detrimental effect on the growth and calcification of Pacific abalone. The impact of ocean acidification on the growth of abalone should not be assessed using only seawater pH and/or pCO2 but rather taking into account all of carbonate chemistry, particularly the CO2 buffering capacity. Abalone cultivation is suggested to be carried out in seawater with a higher level of CO2 buffering capacity and Ω, which can be achieved through integrated culture with seaweed or increasing the seawater TA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Minghui Jiao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yuze Tang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ang Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lulei Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Longzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Suyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yuze Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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15
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Jiao FZ, Wu J, Zhang T, Pan RJ, Wang ZH, Yu ZZ, Qu J. Simultaneous Solar-Thermal Desalination and Catalytic Degradation of Wastewater Containing Both Salt Ions and Organic Contaminants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41007-41018. [PMID: 37585804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Although solar steam generation is promising in generating clean water by desalinating seawater, it is powerless to totally degrade organic contaminants in the seawater. Herein, solar steam generation and catalytic degradation are integrated to generate clean water by simultaneous solar-driven desalination and catalytic degradation of wastewater containing both salt ions and organic contaminants. Stepwise decoration of three-dimensional nickel foam with polypyrrole, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and cobalt phosphate is realized to obtain polypyrrole/RGO/cobalt phosphate/nickel foam (PGCN) hybrids for solar-driven desalination and catalytic degradation of wastewater containing antibiotics and salt ions. The oxygen-containing groups of the RGO integrated with the porous nickel foam make the porous PGCN hybrid hydrophilic and ensure the upward transport of water to the evaporation surface, and the oxygen vacancies of the cobalt phosphate allow the PGCN to generate abundant highly active singlet oxygen that could still exhibit excellent catalytic degradation performances in the high salinity and highly alkaline environment of seawater. In addition to the high solar light absorbance and satisfactory solar-thermal conversion efficiency of polypyrrole and RGO, the thermally conductive nickel foam skeleton can effectively transfer the heat generated by the solar-thermal energy conversion to the adjacent cobalt phosphate catalyst and nearby wastewater, achieving a solar-thermal-promoted catalytic degradation of organic contaminants. Therefore, a high pure water evaporation rate of 2.08 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation and 100% catalytic degradation of Norfloxacin and dyes are achieved. The PGCN hybrid is highly efficient in purifying seawater containing 10 ppm Norfloxacin and simultaneously achieves a high purification efficiency of 100 kg m-2 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Zhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui-Jie Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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16
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La Plante EC, Chen X, Bustillos S, Bouissonnie A, Traynor T, Jassby D, Corsini L, Simonetti DA, Sant GN. Electrolytic Seawater Mineralization and the Mass Balances That Demonstrate Carbon Dioxide Removal. ACS ES&T ENGINEERING 2023; 3:955-968. [PMID: 37469756 PMCID: PMC10353002 DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the mass balances associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) removal (CDR) using seawater as both the source of reactants and as the reaction medium via electrolysis following the "Equatic" (formerly known as "SeaChange") process. This process, extensively detailed in La Plante E.C.; ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.2021, 9, ( (3), ), 1073-1089, involves the application of an electric overpotential that splits water to form H+ and OH- ions, producing acidity and alkalinity, i.e., in addition to gaseous coproducts, at the anode and cathode, respectively. The alkalinity that results, i.e., via the "continuous electrolytic pH pump" results in the instantaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), hydrated magnesium carbonates (e.g., nesquehonite: MgCO3·3H2O, hydromagnesite: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O, etc.), and/or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) depending on the CO32- ion-activity in solution. This results in the trapping and, hence, durable and permanent (at least ∼10 000-100 000 years) immobilization of CO2 that was originally dissolved in water, and that is additionally drawn down from the atmosphere within: (a) mineral carbonates, and/or (b) as solvated bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions (i.e., due to the absorption of atmospheric CO2 into seawater having enhanced alkalinity). Taken together, these actions result in the net removal of ∼4.6 kg of CO2 per m3 of seawater catholyte processed. Geochemical simulations quantify the extents of net CO2 removal including the dependencies on the process configuration. It is furthermore indicated that the efficiency of realkalinization of the acidic anolyte using alkaline solids depends on their acid neutralization capacity and dissolution reactivity. We also assess changes in seawater chemistry resulting from Mg(OH)2 dissolution with emphasis on the change in seawater alkalinity and saturation state. Overall, this analysis provides direct quantifications of the ability of the Equatic process to serve as a means for technological CDR to mitigate the worst effects of accelerating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Callagon La Plante
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Center for Advanced Construction Materials, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Steven Bustillos
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Arnaud Bouissonnie
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Thomas Traynor
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - David Jassby
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | | | - Dante A Simonetti
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Gaurav N Sant
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Equatic Inc., Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
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17
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Mazière C, Duran R, Dupuy C, Cravo-Laureau C. Microbial mats as model to decipher climate change effect on microbial communities through a mesocosm study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039658. [PMID: 37396368 PMCID: PMC10308941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are expected to be one of the most affected ecosystems by climate change, notably with increasing ocean temperature and ocean acidification. In marine environments, microbial communities provide important ecosystem services ensuring biogeochemical cycles. They are threatened by the modification of environmental parameters induced by climate change that, in turn, affect their activities. Microbial mats, ensuring important ecosystem services in coastal areas, are well-organized communities of diverse microorganisms representing accurate microbial models. It is hypothesized that their microbial diversity and metabolic versatility will reveal various adaptation strategies in response to climate change. Thus, understanding how climate change affects microbial mats will provide valuable information on microbial behaviour and functioning in changed environment. Experimental ecology, based on mesocosm approaches, provides the opportunity to control physical-chemical parameters, as close as possible to those observed in the environment. The exposure of microbial mats to physical-chemical conditions mimicking the climate change predictions will help to decipher the modification of the microbial community structure and function in response to it. Here, we present how to expose microbial mats, following a mesocosm approach, to study the impact of climate change on microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Mazière
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés)—2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, La Rochelle, France
| | - R. Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
| | - C. Dupuy
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés)—2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, La Rochelle, France
| | - C. Cravo-Laureau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
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18
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Balch WM, Drapeau DT, Poulton N, Archer SD, Cartisano C, Burnell C, Godrijan J. Osmotrophy of dissolved organic compounds by coccolithophore populations: Fixation into particulate organic and inorganic carbon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6973. [PMID: 37224255 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coccolithophores are typically thought of as photoautotrophs, yet a few genera inhabit sub-euphotic environments with insufficient light for photosynthesis, suggesting that other carbon acquisition strategies are likely. Field experiments were performed in the northwest Atlantic (a region with potentially abundant coccolithophores). Phytoplankton populations were incubated with 14C-labeled dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds, acetate, mannitol, and glycerol. Coccolithophores were sorted from these populations 24 hours later using flow cytometry, and DOC uptake was measured. DOC uptake rates were as high as 10-15 moles cell-1 day-1, slow relative to photosynthesis rates (10-12 moles cell-1 day-1). Growth rates on the organic compounds were low, suggesting that osmotrophy plays more of a survival strategy in low-light situations. Assimilated DOC was found in both particulate organic carbon and calcite coccoliths (particulate inorganic carbon), suggesting that osmotrophic uptake of DOC into coccolithophore calcite is a small but notable part of the biological carbon pump and alkalinity pump paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Balch
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - David T Drapeau
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Nicole Poulton
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Stephen D Archer
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Carmen Cartisano
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Craig Burnell
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr., East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - Jelena Godrijan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Ahmad M, Ahmad A, Omar TFT, Mohammad R. Current Trends of Analytical Techniques for Total Alkalinity Measurement in Water Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37052389 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2199432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing acidity of seawater caused by increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide absorbed into the seawater attracted the interest of researchers due to increased concern on the deterioration of marine systems and food supply to humans. Total alkalinity (TA) is one of the important parameters in determining carbonate chemistry and is described as the capacity of the sample to neutralize acids. Over the last two decades, many analytical techniques have been developed to determine TA. This article presents a review of different analytical techniques including titration, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, and potentiometric analyses in measuring TA. Among these analytical techniques, potentiometry analysis, which utilizes electrode systems such as glass electrode and ion-selective electrode used as indicator electrodes, is the most used technique. Important features such as principle, limitations, and challenges of the involved technique are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariani Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azrilawani Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tuan Fauzan Tuan Omar
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rosmawani Mohammad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
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20
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Li S, Feng Q, Liu J, He Y, Shi L, Boyanov MI, O'Loughlin EJ, Kemner KM, Sanford RA, Shao H, He X, Sheng A, Cheng H, Shen C, Tu W, Dong Y. Carbonate Minerals and Dissimilatory Iron-Reducing Organisms Trigger Synergistic Abiotic and Biotic Chain Reactions under Elevated CO 2 Concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16428-16440. [PMID: 36301735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing CO2 emission has resulted in pressing climate and environmental issues. While abiotic and biotic processes mediating the fate of CO2 have been studied separately, their interactions and combined effects have been poorly understood. To explore this knowledge gap, an iron-reducing organism, Orenia metallireducens, was cultured under 18 conditions that systematically varied in headspace CO2 concentrations, ferric oxide loading, and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) availability. The results showed that abiotic and biotic processes interactively mediate CO2 acidification and sequestration through "chain reactions", with pH being the dominant variable. Specifically, dolomite alleviated CO2 stress on microbial activity, possibly via pH control that transforms the inhibitory CO2 to the more benign bicarbonate species. The microbial iron reduction further impacted pH via the competition between proton (H+) consumption during iron reduction and H+ generation from oxidization of the organic substrate. Under Fe(III)-rich conditions, microbial iron reduction increased pH, driving dissolved CO2 to form bicarbonate. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses showed enhanced formation of siderite (FeCO3) under elevated CO2, supporting its incorporation into solids. The results of these CO2-microbe-mineral experiments provide insights into the synergistic abiotic and biotic processes that alleviate CO2 acidification and favor its sequestration, which can be instructive for practical applications (e.g., acidification remediation, CO2 sequestration, and modeling of carbon flux).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
| | - Liang Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Maxim I Boyanov
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia1113, Bulgaria
| | - Edward J O'Loughlin
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Kenneth M Kemner
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois60801, United States
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois61820, United States
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Anxu Sheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Chunhua Shen
- Center for Materials Research and Analysis, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Wenmao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan430070, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
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21
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Abstract
Carbonate mud represents one of the most important geochemical archives for reconstructing ancient climatic, environmental, and evolutionary change from the rock record. Mud also represents a major sink in the global carbon cycle. Yet, there remains no consensus about how and where carbonate mud is formed. Here, we present stable isotope and trace-element data from carbonate constituents in the Bahamas, including ooids, corals, foraminifera, and algae. We use geochemical fingerprinting to demonstrate that carbonate mud cannot be sourced from the abrasion and mixture of any combination of these macroscopic grains. Instead, an inverse Bayesian mixing model requires the presence of an additional aragonite source. We posit that this source represents a direct seawater precipitate. We use geological and geochemical data to show that "whitings" are unlikely to be the dominant source of this precipitate and, instead, present a model for mud precipitation on the bank margins that can explain the geographical distribution, clumped-isotope thermometry, and stable isotope signature of carbonate mud. Next, we address the enigma of why mud and ooids are so abundant in the Bahamas, yet so rare in the rest of the world: Mediterranean outflow feeds the Bahamas with the most alkaline waters in the modern ocean (>99.7th-percentile). Such high alkalinity appears to be a prerequisite for the nonskeletal carbonate factory because, when Mediterranean outflow was reduced in the Miocene, Bahamian carbonate export ceased for 3-million-years. Finally, we show how shutting off and turning on the shallow carbonate factory can send ripples through the global climate system.
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22
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Bertagni MB, Porporato A. The Carbon-Capture Efficiency of Natural Water Alkalinization: Implications For Enhanced weathering. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156524. [PMID: 35714488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising negative-emission technology that artificially accelerates the dissolution of natural minerals, promotes biomass growth, and alleviates the acidification of soils and natural waters. EW aims to increase the alkalinity of natural waters (alkalinization) to promote a transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the water. Here we provide a quantification of the alkalinization carbon-capture efficiency (ACE) as a function of the water chemistry. ACE can be used for any alkaline mineral in various natural waters. We show that ACE strongly depends on the water pH, with a sharp transition from minimum to maximum in a narrow interval of pH values. We also quantify ACE in three compartments of the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum: the world topsoils, the lakes of an acid-sensitive area, and the global surface ocean. The results reveal that the efficiency of terrestrial EW varies markedly, from 0 to 100 %, with a significant trade-off in acidic conditions between carbon-capture efficiency and enhanced chemical dissolution. The efficiency is more stable in the ocean, with a typical value of around 80 % and a latitudinal pattern driven by differences in seawater temperature and salinity. Our results point to the importance of an integrated hydrological and biogeochemical theory to assess the fate of the weathering products across the aquatic continuum from land to ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo B Bertagni
- The High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- The High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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23
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Müller G, Börker J, Sluijs A, Middelburg JJ. Detrital Carbonate Minerals in Earth's Element Cycles. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2022; 36:e2021GB007231. [PMID: 35859702 PMCID: PMC9285522 DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate if the commonly neglected riverine detrital carbonate fluxes might reconciliate several chemical mass balances of the global ocean. Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) concentrations in riverine suspended sediments, that is, carbon contained by these detrital carbonate minerals, were quantified at the basin and global scale. Our approach is based on globally representative data sets of riverine suspended sediment composition, catchment properties, and a two-step regression procedure. The present-day global riverine PIC flux is estimated at 3.1 ± 0.3 Tmol C/y (13% of total inorganic carbon export and 4% of total carbon export) with a flux-weighted mean concentration of 0.26 ± 0.03 wt%. The flux prior to damming was 4.1 ± 0.5 Tmol C/y. PIC fluxes are concentrated in limestone-rich, rather dry and mountainous catchments of large rivers near Arabia, South East Asia, and Europe with 2.2 Tmol C/y (67.6%) discharged between 15°N and 45°N. Greenlandic and Antarctic meltwater discharge and ice-rafting additionally contribute 0.8 ± 0.3 Tmol C/y. This amount of detrital carbonate minerals annually discharged into the ocean implies a significant contribution of calcium (∼4.75 Tmol Ca/y) and alkalinity fluxes (∼10 Tmol (eq)/y) to marine mass balances and moderate inputs of strontium (∼5 Gmol Sr/y) based on undisturbed riverine and cryospheric inputs and a dolomite/calcite ratio of 0.1. Magnesium fluxes (∼0.25 Tmol Mg/y), mostly hosted by less-soluble dolomite, are rather negligible. These unaccounted fluxes help in elucidating respective marine mass balances and potentially alter conclusions based on these budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Müller
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Janine Börker
- Institute for GeologyCEN (Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability)Universität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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24
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Assessing the Benthic Response to Climate-Driven Methane Hydrate Destabilisation: State of the Art and Future Modelling Perspectives. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern observations and geological records suggest that anthropogenic ocean warming could destabilise marine methane hydrate, resulting in methane release from the seafloor to the ocean-atmosphere, and potentially triggering a positive feedback on global temperature. On the decadal to millennial timescales over which hydrate-sourced methane release is hypothesized to occur, several processes consuming methane below and above the seafloor have the potential to slow, reduce or even prevent such release. Yet, the modulating effect of these processes on seafloor methane emissions remains poorly quantified, and the full impact of benthic methane consumption on ocean carbon chemistry is still to be explored. In this review, we document the dynamic interplay between hydrate thermodynamics, benthic transport and biogeochemical reaction processes, that ultimately determines the impact of hydrate destabilisation on seafloor methane emissions and the ocean carbon cycle. Then, we provide an overview of how state-of-the-art numerical models treat such processes and examine their ability to quantify hydrate-sourced methane emissions from the seafloor, as well as their impact on benthic biogeochemical cycling. We discuss the limitations of current models in coupling the dynamic interplay between hydrate thermodynamics and the different reaction and transport processes that control the efficiency of the benthic sink, and highlight their shortcoming in assessing the full implication of methane release on ocean carbon cycling. Finally, we recommend that current Earth system models explicitly account for hydrate driven benthic-pelagic exchange fluxes to capture potential hydrate-carbon cycle-climate feed-backs.
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25
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Maie N, Anzai S, Tokai K, Kakino W, Taruya H, Ninomiya H. Using oxygen/ozone nanobubbles for in situ oxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide at a residential tunnel-construction site. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114068. [PMID: 34773779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas, and considerable research has been conducted for its control and removal from industrial wastewater and sewage water. However, no simple and practical technology is available for degrading H2S in situ at tunnel constructing sites. On May 11, 2020, an H2S blowout accident occurred in underground soil at a residential sewer-tunnel construction site in Iwakuni City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, filling the tunnel with high concentrations of H2S gas, causing the fatality of one worker owing to emphysema. River water flowing near the site was immediately introduced into the tunnel to trap the H2S gas, generating 652-m3 water that contained high concentrations (120 mg/L) of dissolved H2S in the tunnel. To safely and quickly remove H2S in situ, the contaminated water was treated with high-density oxygen and ozone nanobubbles (O2/O3-HDNBs) generated using the ultrafine pore method. Consequently, H2S was removed from the contaminated water in 3 days. This is the first successful application of O2/O3-HDNB technology for the in situ oxidation of H2S in environmental water at a construction site. This study reports the practical application of this advanced technology and the system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamitsu Maie
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Anzai
- Anzai-Kantetsu Inc., 3-1-16 Komaoka, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0071, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Tokai
- Nittoc Construction Co., Ltd., 3-10-6 Higashi-Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, 103-0004, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Taruya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, 034-8628, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hideki Ninomiya
- Yamaguchi Earth Engineering Coop., 2-3-13 Hirano, Yamaguchi, 753-0015, Yamaguchi, Japan
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26
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Biogeochemical feedbacks to ocean acidification in a cohesive photosynthetic sediment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22867. [PMID: 34819580 PMCID: PMC8613249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem feedbacks in response to ocean acidification can amplify or diminish diel pH oscillations in productive coastal waters. Benthic microalgae generate such oscillations in sediment porewater and here we ask how CO2 enrichment (acidification) of the overlying seawater alters these in the absence and presence of biogenic calcite. We placed a 1-mm layer of ground oyster shells, mimicking the arrival of dead calcifying biota (+Calcite), or sand (Control) onto intact silt sediment cores, and then gradually increased the pCO2 in the seawater above half of +Calcite and Control cores from 472 to 1216 μatm (pH 8.0 to 7.6, CO2:HCO3- from 4.8 to 9.6 × 10-4). Porewater [O2] and [H+] microprofiles measured 16 d later showed that this enrichment had decreased the O2 penetration depth (O2-pd) in +Calcite and Control, indicating a metabolic response. In CO2-enriched seawater: (1) sediment biogeochemical processes respectively added and removed more H+ to and from the sediment porewater in darkness and light, than in ambient seawater increasing the amplitude of the diel porewater [H+] oscillations, and (2) in darkness, calcite dissolution in +Calcite sediment decreased the porewater [H+] below that in overlying seawater, reversing the sediment-seawater H+ flux and decreasing the amplitude of diel [H+] oscillations. This dissolution did not, however, counter the negative effect of CO2 enrichment on O2-pd. We now hypothesise that feedback to CO2 enrichment-an increase in the microbial reoxidation of reduced solutes with O2-decreased the sediment O2-pd and contributed to the enhanced porewater acidification.
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27
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Cai WJ, Feely RA, Testa JM, Li M, Evans W, Alin SR, Xu YY, Pelletier G, Ahmed A, Greeley DJ, Newton JA, Bednaršek N. Natural and Anthropogenic Drivers of Acidification in Large Estuaries. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2021; 13:23-55. [PMID: 32956015 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere has changed ocean biogeochemistry and threatened the health of organisms through a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Such large-scale changes affect ecosystem functions and can have impacts on societal uses, fisheries resources, and economies. In many large estuaries, anthropogenic CO2-induced acidification is enhanced by strong stratification, long water residence times, eutrophication, and a weak acid-base buffer capacity. In this article, we review how a variety of processes influence aquatic acid-base properties in estuarine waters, including coastal upwelling, river-ocean mixing, air-water gas exchange, biological production and subsequent aerobic and anaerobic respiration, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution, and benthic inputs. We emphasize the spatial and temporal dynamics of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, and calcium carbonate mineral saturation states. Examples from three large estuaries-Chesapeake Bay, the Salish Sea, and Prince William Sound-are used to illustrate how natural and anthropogenic processes and climate change may manifest differently across estuaries, as well as the biological implications of OA on coastal calcifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Cai
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Richard A Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Jeremy M Testa
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland 20688, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, Maryland 21613, USA
| | - Wiley Evans
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, British Columbia V0P 1H0, Canada
| | - Simone R Alin
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Greg Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA
| | - Anise Ahmed
- Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington 98504, USA
| | - Dana J Greeley
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - Jan A Newton
- Applied Physics Laboratory and Washington Ocean Acidification Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-6698, USA
| | - Nina Bednaršek
- Department of Biochemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA
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