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Dong S, Mei Y, Zhang Y, Bu W, Zhang Y, Sun C, Zou R, Niu L. A Novel Therapeutic Calcium Peroxide Loaded Injectable Bio-adhesive Hydrogel Against Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00150-3. [PMID: 39127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that can significantly impact patients' life quality and systemic health. However, non-surgical subgingival scaling is largely compromised due to poor patient compliance, leading to a high recurrence rate of periodontitis. Therefore, this research aims to explore new approaches to enhance the effectiveness of existing local drug administration therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gelatin-oxidized dextran hydrogel loaded with calcium peroxide and penicillin (CP-P hydrogel) was synthesized and characterized using Universal mechanical testing machine, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling test, and dissolved oxygen meter. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity, osteogenic ability, antibacterial behavior, and alveolar bone regenerating capability of CP-P hydrogel were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The CP-P hydrogel demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, minimal swelling, and ideal biocompatibility. It created more favorable environments in the periodontal pocket by reversing anaerobic environment, eliminating drug-resistant bacteria and enhancing the therapeutic potency of drugs. By continuously releasing drugs in the periodontal pocket, the CP-P hydrogel effectively inhibited bacteria and reduce local inflammation response. In addition to bacteriostatic effects, the CP-P hydrogel also promoted the expression of osteogenic genes and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS CP-P hydrogel can be developed as a new therapeutic platform to enhance the effectiveness of local drug administration strategy against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Changjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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2
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Berglundh T, Mombelli A, Schwarz F, Derks J. Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis: A European perspective. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38305506 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a plaque-associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants. It is characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of supporting bone. Over the last 30 years, peri-implantitis has become a major disease burden in dentistry. An understanding of the diagnosis, etiology and pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment of peri-implantitis must be a central component in undergraduate and postgraduate training programs in dentistry. In view of the strong role of European research in periodontology and implant dentistry, the focus of this review was to address peri-implantitis from a European perspective. One component of the work was to summarize new and reliable data on patients with dental implants to underpin the relevance of peri-implantitis from a population perspective. The nature of the peri-implantitis lesion was evaluated through results presented in preclinical models and evaluations of human biopsy material together with an appraisal of the microbiological characteristics. An overview of strategies and outcomes presented in clinical studies on nonsurgical and surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is discussed with a particular focus on end points of therapy and recommendations presented in the S3 level Clinical Practice Guideline for the prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Derks
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Chew RJJ, Goh CE, Sriram G, Preshaw PM, Tan KS. Microbial biomarkers as a predictor of periodontal treatment response: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1113-1127. [PMID: 37724467 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of microbial biomarkers and their associations with the response to active periodontal treatment (APT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Microbial dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the disease processes of periodontitis. Biomarkers based on microbial composition may offer additional prognostic value, supplementing the limitations of current clinical parameters. While these microbial biomarkers have been clinically evaluated, there is a lack of consensus regarding their prognostic accuracy. A structured search strategy was applied to MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Embase on 1/11/2022 to identify relevant publications. Prospective clinical studies involving either APT or SPT, with at least 3-month follow-up were included. There were no restrictions on the type of microbial compositional analysis. 1918 unique records were retrieved, and 13 studies (comprising 943 adult patients) were included. Heterogeneity of the studies precluded a meta-analysis, and none of the included studies had performed the sequence analysis of the periodontal microbiome. Seven and six studies reported on response to APT and SPT, respectively. The prognostic accuracy of the microbial biomarkers for APT and SPT was examined in only two and four studies, respectively. Microbial biomarkers had limited predictive accuracy for APT and inconsistent associations for different species across studies. For SPT, elevated abundance of periodontal pathogens at the start of SPT was predictive of subsequent periodontal progression. Similarly, persistent high pathogen loads were consistently associated with progressive periodontitis, defined as an increased pocket probing depth or clinical attachment loss. While there was insufficient evidence to support the clinical use of microbial biomarkers as prognostic tools for active periodontal treatment outcomes, biomarkers that quantify periodontal pathogen loads may offer prognostic value for predicting progressive periodontitis in the subsequent supportive periodontal therapy phase. Additional research will be required to translate information regarding subgingival biofilm composition and phenotype into clinically relevant prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Jacob Chew
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlene Enhui Goh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Shaikh MS, Shahzad Z, Tash EA, Janjua OS, Khan MI, Zafar MS. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071168. [PMID: 35406732 PMCID: PMC8997495 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Zara Shahzad
- Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan;
| | - Esraa Abdulgader Tash
- Department of Oral and Clinical Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omer Sefvan Janjua
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-507544691
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5
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Zemedikun DT, Chandan JS, Raindi D, Rajgor AD, Gokhale KM, Thomas T, Falahee M, De Pablo P, Lord JM, Raza K, Nirantharakumar K. Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048296. [PMID: 34924359 PMCID: PMC8689170 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING IQVIA Medical Research Data-UK between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019. PARTICIPANTS 64 379 adult patients with a general practitioner recorded diagnosis of periodontal disease (exposed patients) were matched to 251 161 unexposed patients by age, sex, deprivation and registration date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Logistic regression models accounting for covariates of clinical importance were undertaken to estimate the adjusted OR (aOR) of having chronic diseases at baseline in the exposed compared with the unexposed group. Incidence rates for each outcome of interest were then provided followed by the calculation of adjusted HRs using cox regression modelling to describe the risk of outcome development in each group. RESULTS The average age at cohort entry was 45 years and the median follow-up was 3.4 years. At study entry, the exposed cohort had an increased likelihood of having a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.48), cardiometabolic disease (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.19), autoimmune disease (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.37) and mental ill health (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.75 to 1.83) compared with the unexposed group. During the follow-up of individuals without pre-existing outcomes of interest, the exposed group had an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23), cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10), autoimmune disease (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.40) and mental ill health (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.42) compared with the unexposed group. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, periodontal diseases appeared to be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, autoimmune diseases and mental ill health. Periodontal diseases are very common; therefore, an increased risk of other chronic diseases represent a substantial public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit T Zemedikun
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Amarkumar Dhirajlal Rajgor
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Krishna Margadhmane Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom Thomas
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie Falahee
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paola De Pablo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis and MRC- Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Raju K, Berens L. Periodontology and pregnancy: An overview of biomedical and epidemiological evidence. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:132-142. [PMID: 34463990 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Women are particularly susceptible to developing gingival problems during pregnancy. In addition, periodontal disease in pregnant women may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and infant, which have serious clinical and public health implications. Both scenarios have been extensively researched, helping to bring attention to pregnant women as an important and vulnerable population as it concerns periodontal health. The increase in gingival inflammation caused by hormonal changes in pregnant women is undisputed and has been studied and documented since the 1960s, although the exact etiology is not fully understood. The relationship between periodontal disease during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes is less substantiated, because of conflicting evidence. This review of the biomedical and epidemiologic literature provides an overview of both sides of this relationship and examines the potential mechanisms for developing periodontal disease during pregnancy and the proposed mechanisms by which periodontal disease leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Raju
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Berens
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Comparison of three qPCR-based commercial tests for detection of periodontal pathogens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6141. [PMID: 33731742 PMCID: PMC7969924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In periodontal practice microbial results of periodontal test kits for identification of key pathogens are an aid in the treatment planning. Information on the performance of commercially available test kits is therefore essential for the clinician. In this retrospective analysis three commercially available qPCR kits for detection and quantification of selected periodontal bacterial species were compared, using 100 clinical samples from patients with untreated periodontitis. The analysis involved two separate comparisons in which kit A (LabOral Diagnostics, The Netherlands) was compared with kit B (Advanced Dental Diagnostics, The Netherlands), and with kit C (OralDent diagnostics, The Netherlands). Analytic procedures for detection and quantification of selected periodontal bacterial species were carried out according to the instructions of the laboratories. Kit A detected target species more often, and absolute numbers of bacterial cells were higher than with kit B. A high degree of similarity was found between the test outcomes by kit A and kit C. All three kits performed satisfactory but small and significant differences exist between kits.
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8
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Kalala-Kazadi E, Toma S, Lasserre JF, Nyimi-Bushabu F, Ntumba-Mulumba H, Brecx MC. Clinical and Microbiological Profiles of Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis in Congolese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:491-497. [PMID: 33042892 PMCID: PMC7523938 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_501_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic and aggressive periodontitis were the main forms of periodontitis according to the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases and conditions. Their profile in Congolese patients is still undescribed. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the profile of chronic periodontitis (ChP) with that of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Congolese patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients with ChP and 20 with AgP who consulted the dental services at any of the four medical centers in Kinshasa, from April 2017 to April 2018, were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. All patients underwent a full mouth examination, including assessment of the probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at six sites per tooth. Microbial samples were collected in the deepest pocket in the maxilla and the deepest pocket in the mandible. A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis was performed using DNA strip technology. Fisher exact test, the chi-square test, the t test, and the Mann–Whitney test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Patients with AgP were significantly younger than those with ChP (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, or Prevotella intermedia between the AgP and ChP groups (P > 0.05). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 10% of cases in the AgP group and in none of those in the ChP group (P = 0.143). Conclusion: This study shows that the clinical profiles of ChP and AgP are similar in Congolese patients. There were no microbiological differences between these two forms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Em Kalala-Kazadi
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Selena Toma
- Department of Periodontology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme F Lasserre
- Department of Periodontology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fidèle Nyimi-Bushabu
- Oral and maxillo-facial surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hubert Ntumba-Mulumba
- Prosthodontics and Orthodontics Service, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michel C Brecx
- Department of Periodontology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Pahumunto N, Basic A, Östberg AK, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Oral Lactobacillus strains reduce cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32917132 PMCID: PMC7488720 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effect of oral lactobacilli on the cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. The supernatants and cell wall extracts (CWEs) of eight A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, representing different subtypes, and three Lactobacillus strains were used. The PBMCs from six blood donors were exposed to supernatants and CWEs of A. actinomycetemcomitans or Lactobacillus strains alone or combinations and untreated cells as control. The cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion method and IL-1β secretion by ELISA. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 secretions were measured using Bioplex Multiplex Immunoassay. Results Supernatants or CWEs from all bacterial strains showed cytotoxicity and IL-1β secretion and the subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans showed generally a significantly higher effect on PBMCs than that of the Lactobacillus strains. Two highly toxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains (JP2 and JP2-like) induced a higher response than all other strains. When combined, Lactobacillus significantly reduced the toxicity and the IL-1β secretion induced by A. acinomycetemcomitans. The effect varied between the subtypes and the reduction was highest for the JP2 and JP2-like strains. The Lactobacillus paracasei strain SD1 had a higher reducing effect than the other Lactobacillus strains. This strain had a consistent reducing effect on all subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans cytotoxicity, and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α from PBMCs of the blood donors. A strong and significant variation in cytokine release between the six blood donors was noticed. Conclusions Lactobacillus spp. and L. paracasei SD1 in particular, showed a limited but statistically significant reducing interaction with A. actinomycetemcomitans toxicity and release of cytokines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, Martín C, Matesanz P, Herrera D. Adjunctive effect of systemic antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47 Suppl 22:257-281. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry (Periodontology) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos Brazil
| | - Valerie Oud
- Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry (Periodontology) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Conchita Martín
- BIOCRAN (Craniofacial Biology) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Matesanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
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11
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Genco RJ, LaMonte MJ, McSkimming DI, Buck MJ, Li L, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Sun Y, Tsompana M, Zheng W, Banack HR, Murugaiyan V, Wactawski-Wende J. The Subgingival Microbiome Relationship to Periodontal Disease in Older Women. J Dent Res 2020; 98:975-984. [PMID: 31329044 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519860449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the oral microbiome in relation to periodontal disease in older adults is limited. The composition and diversity of the subgingival microflora and their oligotypes in health and levels of periodontal disease were investigated in this study on older postmenopausal women. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform in 1,206 women aged 53 to 81 y. Presence and severity of periodontal disease were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology criteria. Composition of the microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the abundance of taxa described by the centered log2-ratio (CLR) transformed operational taxonomic unit (OTU) values. Differences according to periodontal disease status were determined by analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. Bacteria oligotypes associated with periodontal disease and health were determined by minimum entropy decomposition and their functions estimated in silico using PICRUSt. Prevalence of none/mild, moderate, and severe periodontal disease was 25.1%, 58.3%, and 16.6%, respectively. Alpha diversity of the microbiome differed significantly across the 3 periodontal disease categories. β-Diversity differed between no/mild and severe periodontal disease, although considerable overlap was noted. Of the 267 bacterial species identified at ≥0.02% abundance, 56 (20.9%) differed significantly in abundance according to periodontal disease status. Significant linear correlations for pocket depth and clinical attachment level with bacterial amounts were observed for several taxa. Of the taxa differing in abundance according to periodontal disease status, 53% had multiple oligotypes appearing to differ between none/mild and severe periodontal disease. Among older women, taxonomic differences in subgingival microbiome composition and diversity were observed in relation to clinical periodontal disease measures. Potential differences in bacterial subspecies (oligotypes) and their function were also identified in periodontal disease compared with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Genco
- 1 Departments of Oral Biology, and Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Microbiome Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M J LaMonte
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D I McSkimming
- 3 Genome, Environment, and Microbiome Community of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M J Buck
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L Li
- 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K M Hovey
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C A Andrews
- 6 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Sun
- 7 Departments of Immunology, Computer Science and Engineering, and Bioinformatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Tsompana
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - W Zheng
- 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H R Banack
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - V Murugaiyan
- 3 Genome, Environment, and Microbiome Community of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Wactawski-Wende
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Montenegro SCL, Retamal-Valdes B, Bueno-Silva B, Duarte PM, Faveri M, Figueiredo LC, Feres M. Do patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis exhibit specific differences in the subgingival microbial composition? A systematic review. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1503-1520. [PMID: 32233092 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions grouped the diseases previously recognized as chronic (CP) or aggressive (AgP) periodontitis under a single category named periodontitis. The rationale for this decision was the lack of specific patterns of immune-inflammatory response or microbial profiles associated with CP or AgP. However, no previous studies have compiled the results of all studies comparing subgingival microbial data between these clinical conditions. Thus, this systematic review aimed to answer the following focused question: "Do patients with AgP periodontitis present differences in the subgingival microbiota when compared with patients with CP?" METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2019 for studies of any design (except case reports, case series, and reviews) comparing subgingival microbial data from patients with CP and AgP. RESULTS A total of 488 articles were identified and 56 were included. Thirteen studies found Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans elevated in AgP in comparison with CP, while Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter rectus were elevated in AgP in a few studies. None of these species were elevated in CP. However, the number of studies not showing statistically significant differences between CP and AgP was always higher than that of studies showing differences. CONCLUSION These results suggested an association of A. actinomycetemcomitans with AgP, but neither this species nor the other species studied to date were unique to or could differentiate between CP and AgP (PROSPERO #CRD42016039385).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belen Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, School of Advanced Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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13
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Salivary markers of oxidative stress and periodontal pathogens in patients with periodontitis from Santander, Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2020; 40:113-124. [PMID: 32463613 PMCID: PMC7449106 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontitis affects more than 20% of the Latin American population. Oxidative markers are associated with greater progression of periodontitis; therefore, its role in pathogenesis should be studied. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the main oral bacteria and viruses associated with periodontitis and estimate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in saliva from patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods: We conducted systemically a cross-sectional study in 101 healthy subjects, 87 of whom had been diagnosed with periodontitis (P), according to the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology, and 14 without periodontal pockets as controls (C). In subgingival samples, major viruses and dental pathogenic bacteria were identified using PCR techniques. The levels of total antioxidant capacity and malon-di-aldehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry in samples of unstimulated saliva. Results: The mean of periodontal depth pocket and clinical attachment loss in patients with periodontitis was 5.6 ± 1.7 and 6.1 ± 3.1 mm, respectively. The most prevalent microorganisms were Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (32.5%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (18.6%). The patients from rural areas showed a higher percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans (urban: 17.9% vs. rural: 48.9%, p=0.0018). In patients with periodontitis, the frequency of EBV, HSV1 & 2, and HCMV genes was 2.3%. Periodontitis patients had higher levels of MDA (P: 2.1 ± 1.5; C: 0.46 ± 0.3 µmol/g protein; p=0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (P: 0.32 ± 0.2; C: 0.15 ± 0.1 mM; p< 0.0036). Oxidative markers showed no modifications due to the presence of periodontopathic bacteria. Conclusions: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was the most prevalent bacteria; its presence did not modify the levels of oxidative markers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis.
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14
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Taylor PW. Interactions of Tea-Derived Catechin Gallates with Bacterial Pathogens. Molecules 2020; 25:E1986. [PMID: 32340372 PMCID: PMC7221614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea-derived galloylated catechins have weak direct antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and are able to phenotypically transform, at moderate concentrations, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal pathogens from full β-lactam resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration 256-512 mg/L) to complete susceptibility (~1 mg/L). Reversible conversion to susceptibility follows intercalation of these compounds into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, eliciting dispersal of the proteins associated with continued cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. The molecules penetrate deep within the hydrophobic core of the lipid palisade to force a reconfiguration of cytoplasmic membrane architecture. The catechin gallate-induced staphylococcal phenotype is complex, reflecting perturbation of an essential bacterial organelle, and includes prevention and inhibition of biofilm formation, disruption of secretion of virulence-related proteins, dissipation of halotolerance, cell wall thickening and cell aggregation and poor separation of daughter cells during cell division. These features are associated with the reduction of capacity of potential pathogens to cause lethal, difficult-to-treat infections and could, in combination with β-lactam agents that have lost therapeutic efficacy due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, form the basis of a new approach to the treatment of staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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15
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JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Caucasian Patients: A Presentation of Two Cases. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030178. [PMID: 32121596 PMCID: PMC7157654 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a key pathogen that has been associated with periodontal disease. Its most important virulence factor is a leukotoxin capable of inactivating immune cells. The JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans shows enhanced leukotoxic activity and is mostly present in individuals of North and West African origin with severe periodontitis. In this paper, two cases of Caucasians diagnosed with the JP2 genotype are presented. A 50-year-old female patient had three approximal sites with ≥ 6 mm clinical attachment loss (CAL) and eight sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm. Microbiological diagnostics revealed A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 genotype, but not Porphyromonas gingivalis. This JP2 genotype was highly leukotoxic to monocytic cells. The second case was a 55-year-old female patient with CAL of > 5 mm at all molars and PD of up to 12 mm. A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 was identified, but not P. gingivalis. Her husband originated from North-Africa. In him, no A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected, but their 17-year-old daughter was diagnosed with periodontitis and was found to be positive for the JP2 genotype. Both patients were successfully treated with adjunctive antibiotics and the JP2 genotype was eliminated. In summary, here, the microbiological diagnosis was key for the treatment with adjunctive antibiotics.
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Fine DH, Armitage GC, Genco RJ, Griffen AL, Diehl SR. Unique etiologic, demographic, and pathologic characteristics of localized aggressive periodontitis support classification as a distinct subcategory of periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:922-931. [PMID: 31668171 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) occurs in 2% of African-American adolescents but only 0.15% of white adolescents. First molars and incisors are affected by rapid onset and progression. METHODS This nonsystematic critical review evaluated published data for LAgP and chronic periodontitis (CP), focusing on potential differences in epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, and response to therapy. RESULTS LAgP differs from CP by localization to incisors and first molars, early onset and rapid progression in adolescents and young adults, and a 10-fold higher prevalence in populations of African or Middle Eastern origin, often with strong familial aggregation. The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and hyperresponsive neutrophils are frequently observed. Antibiotic and nonsurgical therapies are highly effective. CONCLUSIONS LAgP differs in many ways from the far more common CP that affects older adults. The substantial evidence of dissimilarities summarized in this review strongly supports the classification of LAgP as a distinct form of periodontitis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Classifying LAgP as a distinct subcategory of periodontitis will encourage future research and does not conflict with the newly proposed "staging and grading" system. The silent onset and rapid progression of LAgP make early diagnosis and frequent follow-up with patients essential for effective treatment.
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17
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Papantonopoulos G, Delatola C, Takahashi K, Laine ML, Loos BG. Hidden noise in immunologic parameters might explain rapid progression in early-onset periodontitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224615. [PMID: 31675372 PMCID: PMC6824576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate in datasets of immunologic parameters from early-onset and late-onset periodontitis patients (EOP and LOP), the existence of hidden random fluctuations (anomalies or noise), which may be the source for increased frequencies and longer periods of exacerbation, resulting in rapid progression in EOP. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on a dataset of 28 immunologic parameters and serum IgG titers against periodontal pathogens derived from 68 EOP and 43 LOP patients. After excluding the PCA parameters that explain the majority of variance in the datasets, i.e. the overall aberrant immune function, the remaining parameters of the residual subspace were analyzed by computing their sample entropy to detect possible anomalies. The performance of entropy anomaly detection was tested by using unsupervised clustering based on a log-likelihood distance yielding parameters with anomalies. An aggregate local outlier factor score (LOF) was used for a supervised classification of EOP and LOP. Entropy values on data for neutrophil chemotaxis, CD4, CD8, CD20 counts and serum IgG titer against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans indicated the existence of possible anomalies. Unsupervised clustering confirmed that the above parameters are possible sources of anomalies. LOF presented 94% sensitivity and 83% specificity in identifying EOP (87% sensitivity and 83% specificity in 10-fold cross-validation). Any generalization of the result should be performed with caution due to a relatively high false positive rate (17%). Random fluctuations in immunologic parameters from a sample of EOP and LOP patients were detected, suggesting that their existence may cause more frequently periods of disease activity, where the aberrant immune response in EOP patients result in the phenotype "rapid progression".
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Affiliation(s)
- George Papantonopoulos
- Center for Research and Applications of Nonlinear Systems, Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Chryssa Delatola
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keiso Takahashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Kaiser F, Donos N, Henderson B, Alagarswamy R, Pelekos G, Boniface D, Nibali L. Association between circulating levels of heat-shock protein 27 and aggressive periodontitis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:847-856. [PMID: 29766408 PMCID: PMC6111086 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 27 is a major intracellular molecular chaperone and controller of intracellular responses to inflammatory signals. In the extracellular space, recombinant Hsp27 has been described to exert anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of Hsp27 and different types of periodontitis. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the stress proteins Hsp27 and Hsp60 with proposed anti- and pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, were measured by two-site ELISA in the serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP, n = 30), chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 29) and periodontally healthy controls (H, n = 28). Furthermore, Hsp27 and Hsp60 levels were also measured longitudinally in 12 AgP patients at 6 time points up to 3 months after treatment. AgP patients had lower levels of Hsp27 compared to CP patients and healthy subjects (adjusted one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001, followed by post hoc Tukey HSD comparisons), while no differences in levels of Hsp60 or cytokines between the three groups were detected. In CP patients and H subjects, the systemic Hsp27 levels correlated with Hsp60 (r = 0.43, p < 0.001; r = 0.59, p < 0.001, respectively) and with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (r = 0.48, p < 0.001; r = 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively) and IL-6 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). However, no such correlations were detected in AgP cases. No consistent temporal patterns of changes of Hsp27 concentration were detected across AgP patients following periodontal treatment. This study provides the first evidence that Hsp27 may be differentially expressed and regulated in AgP patients as compared with CP patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kaiser
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajesh Alagarswamy
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - David Boniface
- Biostatistics Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK.
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19
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Fine DH, Patil AG, Loos BG. Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89 Suppl 1:S103-S119. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.16-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Amey G. Patil
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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20
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Fine DH, Patil AG, Loos BG. Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S95-S111. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Amey G. Patil
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Pietiäinen M, Kopra KAE, Vuorenkoski J, Salminen A, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Liljestrand JM, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Hyvärinen K, Pussinen PJ. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansserotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:413-421. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. A. Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Vuorenkoski
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - John M. Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku S. Nieminen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kati Hyvärinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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22
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Ramachandra SS, Gupta VV, Mehta DS, Gundavarapu KC, Luigi N. Differential Diagnosis between Chronic versus Aggressive Periodontitis and Staging of Aggressive Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 8:594-603. [PMID: 29326511 PMCID: PMC5754981 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_623_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiating between chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the variations in diagnosis between CP versus AgP and the staging of AgP based on the disease-staging index for AgP among periodontists, specialists in oral medicine, and general dental practitioners (GDPs). Materials and Methods Fifteen cases diagnosed as either CP or AgP were included in a "case document" and sent electronically to 75 respondents. Case document included a detailed history with periodontal charting, clinical features, images, and radiographs for all the cases. Diagnosis and staging for the case (if diagnosed as AgP) were requested. A reordered case document (cases in a different sequence) was again sent to respondents after a gap of 1 month. Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentage were calculated. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to analyze the data collected. Results For the "case document," 10.17% of the responses were different from those of the authors for diagnosis, whereas 4.48% of the responses were different from those of the authors for the staging of AgP. The agreement in the overall responses was in the range of 0.69-0.84, which was considered good. Comparison of the responses for diagnosis showed statistically significant (P = 0.009) difference between specialists in oral medicine and GDPs. Conclusions Variations exist among respondents regarding the diagnosis of CP versus AgP. Staging of AgP based on the listed criteria showed low variations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Nibali Luigi
- Centre for Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Mombelli A. Microbial colonization of the periodontal pocket and its significance for periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:85-96. [PMID: 29193304 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate strategies for periodontal therapy from the perspective of periodontal disease being a consequence of microbial colonization of the periodontal pocket environment. In classic bacterial infections the diversity of the microbiota decreases as the disease develops. In most cases of periodontitis, however, the diversity of the flora increases. Most incriminating bacteria are thought to harm tissues significantly only if present in high numbers over prolonged periods of time. Clinical trials have repeatedly demonstrated that scaling and root planing, a procedure that aims to remove subgingival bacterial deposits by scraping on the tooth surface within the periodontal pocket, is effective. At present, for the therapy of any form of periodontal disease, there exists no protocol with proven superiority, in terms of efficiency or effectiveness, over scaling and root planing plus systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole. Some exponents advocate rationing these drugs for patients with a specific microbial profile. However, the evidence for any benefit of bacteriology-assisted clinical protocols is unsatisfactory. Treated sites are subject to recolonization with a microbiota similar to that present before therapy. The degree and speed of recolonization depends on the treatment protocol, the distribution patterns of periodontal microorganisms elsewhere in the oral cavity and the quality of the patient's oral hygiene. To limit the use of antibiotics and to avoid accumulation of harmful effects by repeated therapy, further efforts must be made to optimize procedures addressing the microbial colonization and recolonization of the periodontal pocket.
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Pulikkotil SJ, Toh CG, Mohandas K, Leong K. Effect of photodynamic therapy adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Aust Dent J 2017; 61:440-445. [PMID: 26780271 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A randomized split-mouth controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in reducing Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in periodontitis patients. METHODS Twenty patients with periodontitis were recruited for the trial. Following random allocation of either quadrants of the selected jaw to test or control treatment, conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) was performed. In addition, the test side received adjunct photodynamic therapy. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque scores (PS%) were recorded at phase 0 (baseline), phase 1 (immediately after NSPT), phase 2 (7 days following NSPT), phase 3 (1 month following NSPT) and phase 4 (3 months following NSPT). Subgingival plaque samples for quantification of Aa by real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed at phases 0, 1, 2 and 4. RESULTS There was a significant clinical improvement at phases 3 and 4 compared with baseline while BoP reduced significantly only in the test group at phase 4. However, no difference in the quantification of Aa was detected between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the study, PDT adjunct to scaling and root planing does not lead to quantitative reduction of Aa in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Pulikkotil
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C G Toh
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Mohandas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysian Allied Health Science University (MAHSA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kvg Leong
- International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Nepomuceno NC, Barbosa MA, Bonan RF, Oliveira JE, Sampaio FC, Medeiros ES. Antimicrobial activity of PLA/PEG nanofibers containing terpinen-4-ol against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neymara C. Nepomuceno
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DEMAT); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB 58.051-900 Brazil
| | - Mariângela A. Barbosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO/CCS/UFPB); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB C58.051-900 Brazil
- Health Sciences Center (CCS); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB C58.051-900 Brazil
| | - Roberta F. Bonan
- Health Sciences Center (CCS); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB C58.051-900 Brazil
| | - Juliano E. Oliveira
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMat); Federal University of Lavras (UFLA); Lavras-MG CEP 37200-000 Brazil
| | - Fábio C. Sampaio
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO/CCS/UFPB); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB C58.051-900 Brazil
- Social and Clinical Dentistry Department (DCOS); Paraiba Federal University (UFPB), Bucal Biology Laboratory-LABIAL; João Pessoa PB 58.051-900 Brazil
| | - Eliton S. Medeiros
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DEMAT); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB 58.051-900 Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry (PPGO/CCS/UFPB); Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB); João Pessoa PB C58.051-900 Brazil
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26
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Stimulatory effect of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans DNA on proinflammatory cytokine expression by human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Chronic periodontitis predominantly affects adults, but aggressive periodontitis may occasionally occur in children. Periodontal disease initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota (dental plaque), which then interacts with the immune defences of the host, leading to inflammation and disease. This pathophysiological situation persists through bouts of activity and quiescence, until the affected tooth is extracted or the microbial biofilm is therapeutically removed and the inflammation subsides. The severity of the periodontal disease depends on environmental and host risk factors, both modifiable (for example, smoking) and non-modifiable (for example, genetic susceptibility). Prevention is achieved with daily self-performed oral hygiene and professional removal of the microbial biofilm on a quarterly or bi-annual basis. New treatment modalities that are actively explored include antimicrobial therapy, host modulation therapy, laser therapy and tissue engineering for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis F Kinane
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panagiota G Stathopoulou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Chatzistavrianou D, Blair F. Diagnosis and management of chronic and aggressive periodontitis part 1: periodontal assessment and diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 44:306-8, 310, 313-5. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2017.44.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Chatzistavrianou
- Specialist in Prosthodontics, Specialty Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiona Blair
- Consultant and Senior Clinical Lecturer in Restorative Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Imamura K, Okamura Y, Matsumoto Y, Mashimo Y, Tomita S, Sugito H, Saito A. Periodontal Surgery Involving Modified Widman Flap Procedure and Connective Tissue Graft for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: A Case Report. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2017; 57:259-268. [PMID: 28049974 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) requiring periodontal treatment including flap surgery and ridge augmentation. The patient was a 39-year-old woman who presented with the chief complaint of pus discharge from tooth #36. No other obvious signs of gingival inflammation were observed. Periodontal examination revealed multiple sites with a probing depth of ≥10 mm. Radiography showed pro-nounced bone defects in the maxillary incisors and molar region. Real-time PCR was used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque; all 3 pathogens were found. Based on a clinical diagnosis of generalized AgP, periodontal therapy was initiated, which resulted in an improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters. A modified Widman flap procedure was then performed on sites with residual periodontal pockets. Next, a connective tissue graft was performed for ridge augmentation at #22, which had shown evidence of ridge resorption. Postoperative reevaluation revealed a reduction in probing depth and an improvement in marginal bone levels. Oral function was then restored using a fixed bridge prosthesis and maintenance therapy initiated. The periodontal condition has remained stable over a 2.5-year period. In the present case of AgP, surgical intervention reduced periodontal pockets and periodontal pathogens and improved the architecture of both the hard and soft tissues, allowing subsequent care of the periodontium to be performed efficiently by the patient.
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Oshman S, El Chaar E, Lee YN, Engebretson S. Effect of patient age awareness on diagnostic agreement of chronic or aggressive periodontitis between clinicians; a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:27. [PMID: 27456238 PMCID: PMC4960759 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this pilot study was to test whether diagnostic agreement of aggressive and chronic periodontitis amongst Board Certified Periodontists, is influenced by knowledge of a patient's age. In 1999 at the International World Workshop age was removed as a diagnostic criteria for aggressive periodontitis. The impact of this change on the diagnostic reliability amongst clinicians has not yet been assessed. METHODS Nine periodontal case reports were twice presented to sixteen board certified periodontists, once with age withheld and again with patient age provided. Participants were instructed to choose a diagnosis of Chronic Periodontitis or Aggressive Periodontitis. Diagnostic agreement was calculated using the Fleiss Kappa test. RESULTS Including the patients' age in case report information increased diagnostic agreement (the kappa statistic) from 0.49 (moderate agreement) to 0.61 (substantial agreement). CONCLUSION These results suggest that knowledge of a patients' age influenced clinical diagnosis, when distinguishing between aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis, which may in turn impact treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oshman
- New York University College of Dentistry, Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Edgard El Chaar
- New York University College of Dentistry, Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yoonjung Nicole Lee
- New York University College of Dentistry, Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Steven Engebretson
- New York University College of Dentistry, Advanced Education Program in Periodontics, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Mendes L, Azevedo NF, Felino A, Pinto MG. Relationship between invasion of the periodontium by periodontal pathogens and periodontal disease: a systematic review. Virulence 2016; 6:208-15. [PMID: 25654367 PMCID: PMC4601159 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.984566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissues has been suggested as a relevant step in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. However, its exact importance remains to be defined. The present systematic review assessed the scientific evidence concerning the relationship between the quality or quantity of periodontal microbiota in periodontal tissues and development of periodontal disease. The databases Medline-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL, ISI Web of Knowledge and SCOPUS were searched, up to January 2014. Studies that reported evaluation of periodontal pathogens invasion on human tissues were selected. The screening of 440 title/abstracts elected 26 papers for full-text reading. Twenty three papers were subsequently excluded because of insufficient data or a study protocol not related to the objectives of this systematic review. All included studies were case-control studies that evaluated intracellular or adherent bacteria to epithelial cells from periodontal pockets versus healthy sulci. Study protocols presented heterogeneity regarding case and control definitions and methodological approaches for microbial identification. No consistent significant differences were found related to the presence/absence or proportion of specific periopathogens across the studies, as only one study found statistically significant differences regarding the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.043), T. forsythia (P < 0.001), P. intermedia (P < 0.001), C. ochracea (P < 0.001) and C. rectus (P = 0.003) in epithelial cells from periodontal pockets vs. healthy sulci. All studies reported a larger unspecific bacterial load in or on the epithelial cells taken from a diseased site compared to a healthy sulcus. The current available data is of low to moderate quality and inconsistent mainly due to study design, poor reporting and methodological diversity. As so, there is insufficient evidence to support or exclude the invasion by periodontal pathogens as a key step in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Mendes
- a Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Porto ; Portugal
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Zhang B, Lin T, He H. Comparative analysis of blood and saliva expression profiles in chronic and refractory periodontitis patients. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:166. [PMID: 26705104 PMCID: PMC4690408 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify characteristic representative genes through a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in the blood and saliva of chronic periodontitis (CP) and refractory periodontitis (RP) patients to provide new treatment strategies that may be helpful in the treatment of different forms of periodontitis. Methods GSE43525 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. In the dataset, thirteen samples were from blood including 4 controls, 4 CP and 5 RP samples, and ten samples were from saliva including 3 controls, 4 CP and 3 RP samples. After comparing the CP and RP samples, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two types of periodontitis in the blood and saliva samples were identified by an LIMMA package. Then, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID and KOBAS, respectively. The significantly associated miRNAs in CP and RP were searched by WebGestalt. Results In total, 213 DEGs in CP and 45 DEGs in RP were identified. Functional enrichment showed that the DEGs of CP were mainly enriched in ribosome and regulation of apoptosis-related pathways in blood as well as saliva, while the DEGs of RP were significantly enriched in immune responses and response to organic substance-related pathways. Several miRNAs, such as miR-381 and miR-494, were identified as being closely associated with CP. In addition, CD24, EST1, MTSS1, ING3, CCND2 and SYNE2 might be potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of CP. Conclusion The identified DEGs and miRNAs might be potential targets for the treatment of chronic and refractory periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
| | - Ting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
| | - Hong He
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and DGGE subtypes isolated from chronic adult periodontitis in Thailand. Anaerobe 2015; 36:60-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, Hernández M, Gamonal J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221929 PMCID: PMC4510669 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and eventually in tissue, bone and finally, tooth loss. The innate immune response constitutes a homeostatic system, which is the first line of defense, and is able to recognize invading microorganisms as non-self, triggering immune responses to eliminate them. In addition to the innate immunity, adaptive immunity cells and characteristic cytokines have been described as important players in the periodontal disease pathogenesis scenario, with a special attention to CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells). Interestingly, the T cell-mediated adaptive immunity development is highly dependent on innate immunity-associated antigen presenting cells, which after antigen capture undergo into a maturation process and migrate towards the lymph nodes, where they produce distinct patterns of cytokines that will contribute to the subsequent polarization and activation of specific T CD4+ lymphocytes. Skeletal homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance between the activities of the bone-forming osteoblasts (OBLs) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). This balance is tightly controlled by various regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, and is influenced by the immune system, an osteoimmunological regulation depending on lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines. All these cytokines and inflammatory mediators are capable of acting alone or in concert, to stimulate periodontal breakdown and collagen destruction via tissue-derived matrix metalloproteinases, a characterization of the progression of periodontitis as a stage that presents a significantly host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge that determine of susceptibility to develop the destructive/progressive periodontitis under the influence of multiple behavioral, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Garcia-Sesnich
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
For decades, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been considered the most likely etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis. Implementation of DNA-based microbiologic methodologies has considerably improved our understanding of the composition of subgingival biofilms, and advanced open-ended molecular techniques even allow for genome mapping of the whole bacterial spectrum in a sample and characterization of both the cultivable and not-yet-cultivable microbiota associated with periodontal health and disease. Currently, A. actinomycetemcomitans is regarded as a minor component of the resident oral microbiota and as an opportunistic pathogen in some individuals. Its specific JP2 clone, however, shows properties of a true exogenous pathogen and has an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis in certain populations. Still, limited data exist on the impact of other microbes specifically in aggressive periodontitis. Despite a wide heterogeneity of bacteria, especially in subgingival samples collected from patients, bacteria of the red complex in particular, and those of the orange complex, are considered as potential pathogens in generalized aggressive periodontitis. These types of bacterial findings closely resemble those found for chronic periodontitis, representing a mixed polymicrobial infection without a clear association with any specific microorganism. In aggressive periodontitis, the role of novel and not-yet-cultivable bacteria has not yet been elucidated. There are geographic and ethnic differences in the carriage of periodontitis-associated microorganisms, and they need to be taken into account when comparing study reports on periodontal microbiology in different study populations. In the present review, we provide an overview on the colonization of potential periodontal pathogens in childhood and adolescence, and on specific microorganisms that have been suspected for their role in the initiation and progression of aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
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Hernández-Vigueras S, Martínez-Garriga B, Sánchez MC, Sanz M, Estrugo-Devesa A, Vinuesa T, López-López J, Viñas M. Oral Microbiota, Periodontal Status, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females. J Periodontol 2015; 87:124-33. [PMID: 26469811 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05. RESULTS Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Martínez-Garriga
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Sánchez
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Section of Oral Medicine, Department of Odontostomatology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vinuesa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- Section of Oral Medicine, Department of Odontostomatology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.,CESPU (Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário [Cooperative for Higher, Polytechnic and University Education]), IINFACTS (Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde [Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies]), Gandra, Portugal
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Pahumunto N, Ruangsri P, Wongsuwanlert M, Piwat S, Dahlen G, Teanpaisan R. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and DGGE subtypes in Thai adults with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1789-96. [PMID: 26475998 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and DGGE subtypes among isolates from Thai chronic periodontitis patients. DESIGN Forty-four adult Thai periodontitis patients were assessed by a full mouth recording for CAL, PPD, and BOP. Seventy-nine strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were isolated from deep pockets on selective TSBV agar and 17 strains were isolated from shallow pockets. The strains were serotyped using PCR and subtyped using DGGE. RESULTS The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 84.1%. Non-serotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans strains occurred equally frequent as serotypeable (54.5%); serotype a 18.2%, serotype c 15.9%, serotype e 9.1%, and serotype f 11.4%. Serotype b and d were not detected. A JP2 like strain but serotyped as c was isolated from two patients, and another two strains showed an 886bp insertion on the ltx promoter of their A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. DGGE typing disclosed 16 different subtypes among the non-serotypeable strains. Two of them (NS1 and NS2) were more common (12.7 and 10.1%) among the strains than the other 14 subtypes (˂5.1%). Most patients showed only one subtype (32.4%) but 29.7% had 2 and 3 different subtypes while 8.1% revealed 4 subtypes in one and the same deep pocket. CONCLUSION This study showed a greater subtype diversity of A. actinomycetemcomitans predominated by non-serotypeable strains than previously reported in an adult Thai population. It was also revealed for the first time that isolates with a 530bp deletion or 886bp insertion of the ltx promoter were serotyped as serotype c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Praphansri Ruangsri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Mutita Wongsuwanlert
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Supatcharin Piwat
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
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Al Yahfoufi Z, Hadchiti W, Berberi A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Probes Analyses for the Detection of Periodontal Pathogens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:727-32. [PMID: 26522598 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical microbiology several techniques have been used to identify bacteria. Recently, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based techniques have been introduced to detect human microbial pathogens in periodontal diseases. Deoxyribonucleic acid probes can detect bacteria at a very low level if we compared with the culture methods. These probes have shown rapid and cost-effective microbial diagnosis, good sensitivity and specificity for some periodontal pathogens in cases of severe periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five patients were recruited for the study. Twenty-one subjects ranging between 22 and 48 years of age fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy-eight samples became available for DNA probe analysis from the deepest pockets in each quadrant. RESULTS All 21 patients showed positive results for Prevotella intermedia; also, Prevotella gingivalis was identified in 19 subjects, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in 6 subjects. P. intermedia was diagnosed positive in 82% of the subgingival samples taken, 79% for P. gingivalis, and 23% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSION This study shows a high frequency of putative periodontal pathogens by using DNA probe technology, which is semi-quantitative in this study. Deoxyribonucleic acid probes can detect bacteria at very low level about 10(3) which is below the detection level of culture methods. The detection threshold of cultural methods. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The three types of bacteria can be detected rapidly with high sensitivity by using the DNA probe by general practitioners, and thus can help in the diagnosis process and the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubeida Al Yahfoufi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wahib Hadchiti
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Berberi
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +961-3-731173, e-mail:
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Nickles K, Scharf S, Röllke L, Mayer I, Mayer M, Eickholz P. Detection of subgingival periodontal pathogens--comparison of two sampling strategies. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:571-9. [PMID: 26193958 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to compare detection frequency of periodontal pathogens in patients with aggressive/severe chronic periodontitis using pooled plaque samples from the deepest pockets per quadrant/per sextant. METHODS In 100 patients with aggressive/chronic periodontitis, subgingival plaque was sampled from the deepest pockets per quadrant (MT4) and per sextant (MT6). Plaque samples were taken using two sterile paper points simultaneously. One paper point from each pocket was pooled with the three other paper points of the pockets (MT4). Subsequently, the remaining four paper points were pooled with two paper points from the deepest pockets from the two remaining sextants (MT6). The content of each vial was analyzed with nucleic-acid based methods for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Capnocytophaga sp. RESULTS The detection frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans (MT4/MT6) at 22/24 %, T. forsythia at 93/96 %, P. gingivalis at 78/79 %, T. denticola at 88/90 %, P. intermedia at 40/46 %, P. micra at 75/79 %, F. nucleatum at both 99 %, C. rectus at 84/89 %, E. nodatum at 62/65 %, E. corrodens at 80/87 %, and Capnocytophaga sp. at 49/58 % was higher with MT6 than with MT4. None of these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The detection frequency of the investigated periopathogens was statistically insignificant higher with the sampling method MT6 compared with MT4. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In daily dental practice, the plaque sampling of the deepest pockets per quadrant seems to be sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nickles
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Susanne Scharf
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lasse Röllke
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Irina Mayer
- , Siesmayerstr. 44, 60323, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Mayer
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,, Arndstr. 14, 60325, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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40
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Onabolu O, Donos N, Tu YK, Darbar U, Nibali L. Periodontal progression based on radiographic records: An observational study in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. J Dent 2015; 43:673-82. [PMID: 25769263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current classification assumes that aggressive periodontitis (AgP) has a faster rate of progression than chronic periodontitis (CP). However, this has not been clearly proven and difficulties exist in establishing progression. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of retrospectively utilising previous records for clinical diagnosis of periodontal diseases and to assess if two different patterns of disease progression exist between AgP and CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Previous radiographic records of a cohort of 235 patients clinically diagnosed with AgP or CP were requested from the referring general dental practitioners (GDPs). Comparable radiographic records were analysed in order to assess progression patterns and associate these with clinical diagnosis, by multilevel analysis. RESULTS 43 patients out of the initial 235 had comparable radiographs retrieved from the GDPs. 858 sites were followed for an average 6.6 years. Radiographically, AgP showed a faster linear pattern of progression than CP (0.31mm/year vs. 0.20mm/year, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for a faster disease progression in untreated AgP compared to CP as assessed by radiographic bone levels. Furthermore, it shows that retrievability of previous radiographs from GDPs is unpredictable and GDPs should be encouraged to send them along with their referral. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The importance of differentially diagnosing AgP and CP might be useful in establishing a clinically relevant definition for periodontal disease progression and may have an impact on the clinical management of aggressive periodontitis, since our findings show that there is continuous destruction in patients with aggressive periodontitis if left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Onabolu
- Periodontology Unit and Division of Clinical Research, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Donos
- Periodontology Unit and Division of Clinical Research, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ulpee Darbar
- Periodontology Unit and Division of Clinical Research, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit and Division of Clinical Research, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom.
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Chahboun H, Arnau MM, Herrera D, Sanz M, Ennibi OK. Bacterial profile of aggressive periodontitis in Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25888404 PMCID: PMC4367901 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. In Morocco, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly associated with AgP, however limited knowledge is available about the implication of other periodontal pathogens in this entity. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota in Moroccan patients with AgP. Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 aggressive, 13 localized and 37 generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 20 chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in pre-reduced transport fluid and examined by culture. Results A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly more frequent (p = 0.004) in generalised AgP compared to ChP, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was less prevalent in localized AgP, when compared with generalized AgP (p = 0.040) or ChP (p = 0.016). Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia were also frequently detected in all groups. Mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in AgP groups, when compared to ChP, and generalized AgP patients harbored significantly higher proportions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, when compared to localized AgP or ChP. Conclusions A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum were frequently detected in this Moroccan population with AgP. Differences in frequency of detection, counts and proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. forsythia suggests the presence of distinct microbiological profiles for localized AgP, generalized AgP and ChP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Chahboun
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Maria Minguez Arnau
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
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Untch M, Schlagenhauf U. Inter- and intra-test agreement of three commercially available molecular diagnostic tests for the identification of periodontal pathogens. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2045-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mombelli A, Almaghlouth A, Cionca N, Courvoisier DS, Giannopoulou C. Differential benefits of amoxicillin-metronidazole in different phases of periodontal therapy in a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. J Periodontol 2014; 86:367-75. [PMID: 25415250 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific advantage of administering systemic antibiotics during initial, non-surgical therapy or in the context of periodontal surgery is unclear. This study assesses the differential outcomes of periodontal therapy supplemented with amoxicillin-metronidazole during either the non-surgical or the surgical treatment phase. METHODS This is a single-center, randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial with a 1-year follow-up. Eighty participants with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-associated moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomized into two treatment groups: group A, antibiotics (500 mg metronidazole plus 375 mg amoxicillin three times per day for 7 days) during the first, non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy (T1) and placebo during the second, surgical phase (T2); and group B, placebo during T1 and antibiotics during T2. The number of sites with probing depth (PD) >4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) per patient was the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 11,212 sites were clinically monitored on 1,870 teeth. T1 with antibiotics decreased the number of sites with PD >4 mm and BOP per patient significantly more than without (group A: from 34.5 to 5.7, 84%; group B: from 28.7 to 8.7, 70%; P <0.01). Twenty patients treated with antibiotics, but only eight treated with placebo, achieved a 10-fold reduction of diseased sites (P = 0.007). Consequently, fewer patients of group A needed additional therapy, the mean number of surgical interventions was lower, and treatment time in T2 was shorter. Six months after T2, the mean number of residual pockets (group A: 2.8 ± 5.2; group B: 2.2 ± 5.0) was not significantly different and was sustained over 12 months in both groups. CONCLUSION Giving the antibiotics during T1 or T2 yielded similar long-term outcomes, but antibiotics in T1 resolved the disease quicker and thus reduced the need for additional surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mombelli
- Department of Periodontology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Schmidt J, Jentsch H, Stingu CS, Sack U. General immune status and oral microbiology in patients with different forms of periodontitis and healthy control subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109187. [PMID: 25299619 PMCID: PMC4192146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as systemic immunological and local microbiological features in healthy controls and patients with different forms of periodontitis. Materials and Methods 14 healthy subjects, 15 patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, and 11 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Periodontal examination was performed and peripheral blood was collected from each patient. Lymphocyte populations as well as the release of cytokines by T-helper cells were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent spot assay. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from each individual and immediately cultivated for microbiological examination. Results When stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide, a higher IL-1β release was found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (p<0.01). Numbers of B-cells, naïve and transitional B-cells, memory B-cells, and switched memory B-cells were within the reference range for all groups, but patients with chronic periodontitis showed the highest percentage of memory B-cells without class switch (p = 0.01). The subgingival plaque differed quantitatively as well as qualitatively with a higher number of Gram-negative anaerobic species in periodontitis patients. Prevotella denticola was found more often in patients with aggressive periodontitis (p<0.001) but did not show an association to any of the systemic immunological findings. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was only found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, seems to be associated with an activation of the systemic immune response. Conclusion Differences between aggressive periodontitis and moderate chronic periodontitis are evident, which raises the question of an inadequate balance between systemic immune response and bacterial infection in aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Meyer-Bäumer A, Eick S, Mertens C, Uhlmann L, Hagenfeld D, Eickholz P, Kim TS, Cosgarea R. Periodontal pathogens and associated factors in aggressive periodontitis: results 5-17 years after active periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:662-72. [PMID: 24708362 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between presence of periodontal pathogens and recurrence of disease in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) after active periodontal therapy (APT) and further influencing factors. MATERIAL & METHODS Microbiological samples were taken from 73 patients with AgP 5-17 years after APT at 292 sites (deepest site per quadrant). Real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Uni- and multivariate analyses evaluated the associations between pathogens and recurrence of disease, smoking and adjunctive antibiotic therapy. RESULTS At re-examination A. actinomycetemcomitans could be detected in six patients (8.2%), P. gingivalis in 24 (32.9%), T. forsythia in 31 (42.5%) and T. denticola in 35 (48.0%). Increased levels of T. forsythia and T. denticola at re-examination were significantly associated with recurrence of disease in multivariate analyses (OR: 12.72, p < 0.001; OR 5.55, p = 0.002 respectively). Furthermore, high counts of T. denticola were found in patients with increased percentage of sites with clinical attachment levels (CAL) ≥ 6 mm compared to those with low counts (13.8% versus 3.2%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION In patients with recurrence of disease T. forsythia and T. denticola were detected more frequently and in higher counts. Furthermore, T. denticola was found more frequently in patients with increased CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Meyer-Bäumer
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Popova C, Dosseva-Panova V, Panov V. Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases. A Review. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Chung YM, Jeong SN. Analysis of periodontal attachment loss in relation to root form abnormalities. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014; 43:276-82. [PMID: 24455440 PMCID: PMC3891859 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.6.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore root shape abnormalities, to investigate the influence of root form abnormalities on periodontal attachment loss, and to gather basic data to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of aggressive periodontitis. Methods From January 2010 to June 2012, a survey was conducted of all 3,284 periodontitis patients who visited the Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry. Clinical parameters (probing depth, periodontal attachment loss, missing teeth) were measured and a radiographic examination was performed at the baseline. We classified the root shape abnormality of bicuspids and molars based on Meng classification. Results The periodontal attachment loss was the highest at the maxillary first molar (6.03 mm). The loss of the second molar was prominent. Type V deformity was shown to be the most common in the second maxillary and mandibular molars (P<0.05). Type V root shape was associated with the highest attachment loss (P=0.01). Conclusions Considering the small population and limited design of this study, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. We suggest larger scale, methodologically more sophisticated studies that include normal controls and chronic periodontitis patients to clarify whether root form abnormalities are a potential risk factor for aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Chung
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Nyum Jeong
- Department of Periodontology, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Daejeon, Korea
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Kobayashi T, Okada M, Ito S, Kobayashi D, Ishida K, Kojima A, Narita I, Murasawa A, Yoshie H. Assessment of Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition Therapy on Periodontal Condition in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2014; 85:57-67. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gonçalves PF, Klepac-Ceraj V, Huang H, Paster BJ, Aukhil I, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Correlation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans detection with clinical/immunoinflammatory profile of localized aggressive periodontitis using a 16S rRNA microarray method: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85066. [PMID: 24376864 PMCID: PMC3871691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) correlates with the clinical and immunoinflammatory profile of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP), as determined by by 16S rRNA gene-based microarray. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples from the deepest diseased site of 30 LAP patients [PD ≥ 5 mm, BoP and bone loss] were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based microarrays. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were analyzed for 14 cyto/chemokines. Peripheral blood was obtained and stimulated in vitro with P.gingivalis and E.coli to evaluate inflammatory response profiles. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were also measured. RESULTS Aa was detected in 56% of LAP patients and was shown to be an indicator for different bacterial community structures (p<0.01). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines were detected in LPS-stimulated blood samples in both Aa-detected and Aa-non-detected groups (p>0.05). Clinical parameters and serum LPS levels were similar between groups. However, Aa-non-detected GCF contained higher concentration of IL-8 than Aa-detected sites (p<0.05). TNFα and IL1β were elevated upon E.coli LPS stimulation of peripheral blood cells derived from patients with Aa-detected sites. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the detection of Aa in LAP affected sites, did not correlate with clinical severity of the disease at the time of sampling in this cross-sectional study, although it did associate with lower local levels of IL-8, a different subgingival bacterial profile and elevated LPS-induced levels of TNFα and IL1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Haplotype analysis of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:342351. [PMID: 24368875 PMCID: PMC3866791 DOI: 10.1155/2013/342351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue loss and alveolar bone destruction. Interleukin-8 (IL8) is important in the regulation of the immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze four polymorphisms in the IL8 gene in relation to chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis. Methods. A total of 492 unrelated subjects were included in this case-control association study. Genomic DNA of 278 patients with CP, 58 patients with AgP, and 156 controls were genotyped, using the 5′ nuclease TaqMan assay, for IL8 (rs4073, rs2227307, rs2227306, and rs2227532) gene polymorphisms. Subgingival bacterial colonization was investigated by the DNA-microarray detection kit in a subgroup of subjects (N = 247). Results. Allele and genotype frequencies of all investigated IL8 polymorphisms were not significantly different between the subjects with CP and/or AgP and controls (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the A(−251)/T(+396)/T(+781) and T(−251)/G(+396)/C(+781) haplotypes were significantly less frequent in patients with CP (2.0% versus 5.1%, P < 0.02, OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.78, resp., 2.0% versus 4.5%, P < 0.05, OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.97) than in controls. Conclusions. Although none of the investigated SNPs in the IL8 gene was individually associated with periodontitis, some haplotypes can be protective against CP in the Czech population.
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