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Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM. Presence of melatonin in foods of daily consumption: The benefit of this hormone for health. Food Chem 2024; 458:140172. [PMID: 38943958 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone that exists in all living organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, animals, and plants, many of which are ingested daily in the diet. However, the exact concentrations of melatonin in each of the foods and the effect on health of the intake of foods rich in MLT are not known. Therefore, the aim of this review was to gather the available information on the melatonin content of different foods and to evaluate the effect that this hormone has on different pathologies. The amount of MLT may vary depending on the variety, origin, heat treatment, processing, and analysis technique, among other factors. Dietary interventions with foods rich in MLT report health benefits, but there is no evidence that hormone is partially responsible for the clinical improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the MLT content in more foods, as well as the effect that cooking/processing has on the amount of MLT, to estimate its total intake in a typical diet and better explore its potential impact on the health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain..
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain..
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2
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Rafiyan M, Tootoonchi E, Golpour M, Davoodvandi A, Reiter RJ, Asemi R, Sharifi M, Rasooli Manesh SM, Asemi Z. Melatonin for gastric cancer treatment: where do we stand? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7. [PMID: 39287677 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading reason of death in men and the fourth in women. Studies have documented an inhibitory function of melatonin on the proliferation, progression and invasion of GC cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play an important function in regulation of biological processes and gene expression of the cells. Some studies reported that melatonin can suppress the progression of GC by regulating the exosomal miRNAs. Thus, melatonin represents a promising potential therapeutic agent for subjects with GC. Herein, we evaluate the existing data of both in vivo and in vitro studies to clarify the molecular processes involved in the therapeutic effects of melatonin in GC. The data emphasize the critical function of melatonin in several signaling ways by which it may inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease chemo-resistance, induce apoptosis as well as limit invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review provides a resource that identifies some of the mechanisms by which melatonin controls GC enlargement. In light of the findings, melatonin should be considered a novel and testable therapeutic mediator for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Tootoonchi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golpour
- Student Research Committee, Mazandarn University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Canonico B, Carloni S, Montanari M, Ambrogini P, Papa S, Alonso-Alconada D, Balduini W. Melatonin Modulates Cell Cycle Dynamics and Promotes Hippocampal Cell Proliferation After Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6910-6919. [PMID: 38358438 PMCID: PMC11339182 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Promoting neural cell proliferation may represent an important strategy for enhancing brain repair after developmental brain injury. The present study aimed to assess the effects of melatonin on cell proliferation after an ischemic injury in the developing hippocampus, focusing on cell cycle dynamics. After in vivo neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), hippocampal cell cycle dynamics were assessed by flow cytometry, together with histological evaluation of dentate gyrus cellularity and proliferation. Melatonin significantly increased the number of proliferating cells in the G2/M phase as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) labeling reduced by HI. In vivo BrdU labeling revealed a higher BrdU-positivity in the dentate gyrus of ischemic rats treated with melatonin, an effect followed by increased cellularity and preserved hippocampal tissue integrity. These results indicate that the protective effect of melatonin after ischemic injury in neonatal rats may rely on the modulation of cell cycle dynamics of newborn hippocampal cells and increased cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Daniel Alonso-Alconada
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
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4
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Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Guo N, Han C, Wu Q, Mu C, Zhang Y, Tan S, Zhang J, Liu X. Systematic review of melatonin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: critical role and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1356112. [PMID: 38375039 PMCID: PMC10875093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the predominant causes for the poor prognosis of ischemic stroke patients after reperfusion therapy. Currently, potent therapeutic interventions for cerebral I/R injury are still very limited. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, was found to be valid in preventing I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, a systematic review covering all neuroprotective effects of melatonin in cerebral I/R injury has not been reported yet. Thus, we perform a comprehensive overview of the influence of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury by collecting all available literature exploring the latent effect of melatonin on cerebral I/R injury as well as ischemic stroke. In this systematic review, we outline the extensive scientific studies and summarize the beneficial functions of melatonin, including reducing infarct volume, decreasing brain edema, improving neurological functions and attenuating blood-brain barrier breakdown, as well as its key protective mechanisms on almost every aspect of cerebral I/R injury, including inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excessive autophagy, glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequently, we also review the predictive and therapeutic implications of melatonin on ischemic stroke reported in clinical studies. We hope that our systematic review can provide the most comprehensive introduction of current advancements on melatonin in cerebral I/R injury and new insights into personalized diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shutong Tan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Turner MJ, Dietz RM. Potential Adjuncts to Therapeutic Hypothermia to Mitigate Multiorgan Injury in Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Neoreviews 2023; 24:e771-e782. [PMID: 38036441 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-12-e771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates affected by moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). There is a significant interest in improving the neurologic outcomes of neonatal HIE, ranging from adjunctive therapy to therapeutic hypothermia. Importantly, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HIE also affect multiple other organs, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in this patient population. This review focuses on the adjunct therapies currently under investigation to mitigate the impact of hypoxic-ischemic injury on the brain, kidneys, liver, heart, and gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Skubis-Sikora A, Sikora B, Małysiak W, Wieczorek P, Czekaj P. Regulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Activity by Melatonin Receptors in Terms of Viability and Osteogenic Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1236. [PMID: 37765045 PMCID: PMC10535461 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland and acts through the Mel1A and Mel1B receptors. Among other actions, melatonin significantly increases osteogenesis during bone regeneration. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are also known to have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; however, inefficient culturing due to the loss of properties over time or low cell survival rates on scaffolds is a limitation. Improving the process of ADSC expansion in vitro is crucial for its further successful use in bone regeneration. This study aimed to assess the effect of melatonin on ADSC characteristics, including osteogenicity. We assessed ADSC viability at different melatonin concentrations as well as the effect on its receptor inhibitors (luzindole or 4-P-PDOT). Moreover, we analyzed the ADSC phenotype, apoptosis, cell cycle, and expression of MTNR1A and MTNR1B receptors, and its potential for osteogenic differentiation. We found that ADSCs treated with melatonin at a concentration of 100 µM had a higher viability compared to those treated at higher melatonin concentrations. Melatonin did not change the phenotype of ADSCs or induce apoptosis and it promoted the activity of some osteogenesis-related genes. We concluded that melatonin is safe, non-toxic to normal ADSCs in vitro, and can be used in regenerative medicine at low doses (100 μM) to improve cell viability without negatively affecting the osteogenic potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Ding X, Gong X, Fan Y, Cao J, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Meng K. DNA double-strand break genetic variants in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:135. [PMID: 37430352 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinically heterogeneous disease that may seriously affect the physical and mental health of women of reproductive age. POI primarily manifests as ovarian function decline and endocrine disorders in women prior to age 40 and is an established cause of female infertility. It is crucial to elucidate the causative factors of POI, not only to expand the understanding of ovarian physiology, but also to provide genetic counselling and fertility guidance to affected patients. Factors leading to POI are multifaceted with genetic factors accounting for 7% to 30%. In recent years, an increasing number of DNA damage-repair-related genes have been linked with the occurrence of POI. Among them, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most damaging to DNA, and its main repair methods including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are of particular interest. Numerous genes are known to be involved in the regulation of programmed DSB formation and damage repair. The abnormal expression of several genes have been shown to trigger defects in the overall repair pathway and induce POI and other diseases. This review summarises the DSB-related genes that may contribute to the development of POI and their potential regulatory mechanisms, which will help to further establish role of DSB in the pathogenesis of POI and provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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8
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Potes Y, Cachán-Vega C, Antuña E, García-González C, Menéndez-Coto N, Boga JA, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Bermúdez M, Sierra V, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A, Caballero B. Benefits of the Neurogenic Potential of Melatonin for Treating Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054803. [PMID: 36902233 PMCID: PMC10002978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several neurological diseases under which processes related to adult brain neurogenesis, such cell proliferation, neural differentiation and neuronal maturation, are affected. Melatonin can exert a relevant benefit for treating neurological disorders, given its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its pro-survival effects. In addition, melatonin is able to modulate cell proliferation and neural differentiation processes in neural stem/progenitor cells while improving neuronal maturation of neural precursor cells and newly created postmitotic neurons. Thus, melatonin shows relevant pro-neurogenic properties that may have benefits for neurological conditions associated with impairments in adult brain neurogenesis. For instance, the anti-aging properties of melatonin seem to be linked to its neurogenic properties. Modulation of neurogenesis by melatonin is beneficial under conditions of stress, anxiety and depression as well as for the ischemic brain or after a brain stroke. Pro-neurogenic actions of melatonin may also be beneficial for treating dementias, after a traumatic brain injury, and under conditions of epilepsy, schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Melatonin may represent a pro-neurogenic treatment effective for retarding the progression of neuropathology associated with Down syndrome. Finally, more studies are necessary to elucidate the benefits of melatonin treatments under brain disorders related to impairments in glucose and insulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.C.); Tel.: +34-985102767 (Y.P.); +34-985102784 (B.C.)
| | - Cristina Cachán-Vega
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Claudia García-González
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nerea Menéndez-Coto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Verónica Sierra
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.C.); Tel.: +34-985102767 (Y.P.); +34-985102784 (B.C.)
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Exogenous melatonin alleviates neuropathic pain-induced affective disorders by suppressing NF-κB/ NLRP3 pathway and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2111. [PMID: 36747075 PMCID: PMC9902529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin (MLT) on neuropathic pain (NP)-induced anxiety and depression in a rat model. Adult male rats were separated into four groups, i.e., Sham-VEH: healthy animals received a vehicle, Sham-MLT (10 mg/kg), and chronic constrictive injury (CCI)-VEH: nerve ligation received the vehicle, and CCI-MLT. Next, we used behavioral tests to evaluate pain severity, anxiety, and depression. Finally, rats were sacrificed for molecular and histopathological studies. Behavioral tests showed that NP could induce depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. NP activated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways by upregulating NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, active Caspase-1, also enhancing the concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). NP upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl2, and increased cell apoptosis in the HC and PFC. The rats treated with MLT eliminated the effects of NP, as the reduced pain severity, improved anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, ameliorated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, and modulated levels of cytokines in the HC and PFC. MLT could promote cell survival from apoptosis by modulating Bax and Bcl2. Therefore, it might be inferred that its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties mediate the beneficial effects of MLT in NP-induced affective disorders.
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Ye D, Xu Y, Shi Y, Fan M, Lu P, Bai X, Feng Y, Hu C, Cui K, Tang X, Liao J, Huang W, Xu F, Liang X, Huang J. Anti-PANoptosis is involved in neuroprotective effects of melatonin in acute ocular hypertension model. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12828. [PMID: 36031799 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute ocular hypertension (AOH) is the most important characteristic of acute glaucoma, which can lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and permanent vision loss. So far, approved effective therapy is still lacking in acute glaucoma. PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis), which consists of three key modes of programmed cell death-apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis-may contribute to AOH-induced RGC death. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) exerts a neuroprotective effect in many retinal degenerative diseases. However, whether melatonin is anti-PANoptotic and neuroprotective in the progression of acute glaucoma remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in AOH retinas and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that melatonin treatment attenuated the loss of ganglion cell complex thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and RGC after AOH injury, and improved the amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave, and oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells was decreased, and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bad and downregulation of Bcl-2 and p-Bad were inhibited after melatonin administration. Meanwhile, both the expression and activation of MLKL, RIP1, and RIP3, along with the number of PI-positive cells, were reduced in melatonin-treated mice, and p-RIP3 was in both RGC and microglia/macrophage after AOH injury. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and cleaved GSDMD, and decreased the number of Iba1/interleukin-1β-positive cells. In conclusion, melatonin ameliorated retinal structure, prevented retinal dysfunction after AOH, and exerted a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of PANoptosis in AOH retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Molloy EJ, El-Dib M, Juul SE, Benders M, Gonzalez F, Bearer C, Wu YW, Robertson NJ, Hurley T, Branagan A, Michael Cotten C, Tan S, Laptook A, Austin T, Mohammad K, Rogers E, Luyt K, Bonifacio S, Soul JS, Gunn AJ. Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02295-2. [PMID: 36195634 PMCID: PMC10070589 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) have improved since the widespread implementation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in high-resource settings. While TH for NE in term and near-term infants has proven beneficial, 30-50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. There is therefore a critical need to find additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that improve the outcomes for these children. There are many potential candidates; however, it is unclear whether these interventions have additional benefits when used with TH. Although primary and delayed (secondary) brain injury starting in the latent phase after HI are major contributors to neurodisability, the very late evolving effects of tertiary brain injury likely require different interventions targeting neurorestoration. Clinical trials of seizure management and neuroprotection bundles are needed, in addition to current trials combining erythropoietin, stem cells, and melatonin with TH. IMPACT: The widespread use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) has reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. However, 30-50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. This review details the pathophysiology of NE along with the evidence for the use of TH and other beneficial neuroprotective strategies used in term infants. We also discuss treatment strategies undergoing evaluation at present as potential adjuvant treatments to TH in NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Molloy
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland. .,Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mohamed El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manon Benders
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Bearer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yvonne W Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Hurley
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Branagan
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sidhartha Tan
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 12267, USA.,Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Abbot Laptook
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Topun Austin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khorshid Mohammad
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen Luyt
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Neonatology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sonia Bonifacio
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Janet S Soul
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Armandeh M, Bameri B, Haghi-Aminjan H, Foroumadi R, Ataei M, Hassani S, Samadi M, Shayesteh MRH, Abdollahi M. A systematic review on the role of melatonin and its mechanisms on diabetes-related reproductive impairment in non-clinical studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1022989. [PMID: 36303864 PMCID: PMC9592976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1022989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes-induced reproductive complications can lead to subfertility and infertility, raising the need to protect reproductive organs. There are limited medications used to improve reproductive health in diabetic patients. Melatonin, mainly produced by the pineal gland, may improve diabetes-associated reproductive complications through various mechanisms and may be a preferred candidate to protect the reproductive system. The present review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of melatonin's effect on the reproductive system adversely affected by diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature electronic search was done using the PRISMA guidelines. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for publications up to June 2022. Search terms were selected based on the study purpose and were explored in titles and abstracts. After screening, out of a total of 169 articles, 14 pertinent articles were included based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS The results of studies using rats and mice suggest that DM adversely affects reproductive tissues, including testes and epididymis, prostate, corpus cavernosum, and ovary leading to alterations in histological and biochemical parameters compared to the normal groups. Treatment with melatonin improves oxidative stress, blocks apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase activation, reduces pro-inflammation cytokines, and enhances steroidogenesis. CONCLUSION Melatonin exerted a protective action on the impaired reproductive system in in-vivo and in-vitro models of DM. The topic has to be followed up in human pregnancy cases that will need more time to be collected and approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Armandeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology & Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bameri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology & Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hamed Haghi-Aminjan, ; Mohammad Abdollahi, ;
| | - Roham Foroumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Ataei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology & Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology & Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Toxicology & Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hamed Haghi-Aminjan, ; Mohammad Abdollahi, ;
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13
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Mannino G, Pernici C, Serio G, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189996. [PMID: 34576159 PMCID: PMC8469784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Pernici
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
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14
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Pang R, Advic-Belltheus A, Meehan C, Fullen DJ, Golay X, Robertson NJ. Melatonin for Neonatal Encephalopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5481. [PMID: 34067448 PMCID: PMC8196955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is now standard practice in most neonatal intensive care units in high resource settings, some infants still develop long-term adverse neurological sequelae. In low resource settings, HT may not be safe or efficacious. Therefore, additional neuroprotective interventions are urgently needed. Melatonin's diverse neuroprotective properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Its strong safety profile and compelling preclinical data suggests that melatonin is a promising agent to improve the outcomes of infants with NE. Over the past decade, the safety and efficacy of melatonin to augment HT has been studied in the neonatal piglet model of perinatal asphyxia. From this model, we have observed that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin are time-critical and dose dependent. Therapeutic melatonin levels are likely to be 15-30 mg/L and for optimal effect, these need to be achieved within the first 2-3 h after birth. This review summarises the neuroprotective properties of melatonin, the key findings from the piglet and other animal studies to date, and the challenges we face to translate melatonin from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymand Pang
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK; (R.P.); (A.A.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Adnan Advic-Belltheus
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK; (R.P.); (A.A.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Christopher Meehan
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK; (R.P.); (A.A.-B.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniel J. Fullen
- Translational Research Office, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK;
| | - Xavier Golay
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Nicola J. Robertson
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK; (R.P.); (A.A.-B.); (C.M.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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15
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Abolhasanpour N, Alihosseini S, Golipourkhalili S, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L. Insight into the effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, and their cross-talk in the stroke. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:673-682. [PMID: 33926763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has remained a principal cause of mortality and neurological disabilities worldwide. Blood flow resumption, reperfusion, in the cerebral ischemia prompts a cascade in the brain characterized by various cellular mechanisms like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stresses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and excitotoxicity, finally resulting in programmed cell death. Any changes in the ER-mitochondria axis are probably responsible for both the onset and progression of central nervous system diseases. Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Most studies have shown that it exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke. It was observed that melatonin therapy after the stroke not only leads to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction but also cause to alleviate ER stress and inflammation. This review discusses the impact of melatonin on mitochondrial, ER function, and on the crosstalk between two organelles as a therapeutic target for stroke. Given that the influences of melatonin on each organelle separately, its effects on mechanisms of crosstalk between ER and mitochondria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abolhasanpour
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Samin Alihosseini
- Student research center, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Golipourkhalili
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Kim JM, Lee SY, Lee JY. Melatonin for the prevention of fetal injury associated with intrauterine inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13402. [PMID: 33583108 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine inflammation is shown to be associated with preterm birth, fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and other pregnancy-related comorbidities such as central nervous system diseases including cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia, pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory distress syndrome, and necrotizing enterocolitis, to name a few. Many animal studies on intrauterine inflammation demonstrate that ascending infection of reproductive organs or the production of proinflammatory cytokines by some stimuli in utero results in such manifestations. Melatonin, known for its primary function in maintaining circadian rhythm, is now recognized as one of the most potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some studies, melatonin injection in pregnant animals with intrauterine inflammation significantly reduced the number of preterm births, the severity of structural disintegration of the fetal lungs observed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and perinatal brain injuries with improvement in neuromotor function. These implicated benefits of melatonin in pregnant women with intrauterine inflammation seem promising in many research studies, strongly supporting the hypothesis that melatonin has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can potentially be taken by pregnant women who are at risk of having intrauterine inflammation. In this review, the potential of melatonin for improving outcomes of the pregnancies with intrauterine inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Mee Kim
- Department of Medicine, CHA University School of Medicine, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Lee
- Educational Competence Support Center, Hanshin University, Osan, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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17
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Breton JM, Long KLP, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair. Biomolecules 2021; 11:290. [PMID: 33669242 PMCID: PMC7919830 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of oligodendrogenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is, therefore, critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript, we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of oligodendrogenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review the literature on hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly L P Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew K Barraza
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olga S Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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18
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Melatonin Protects Cholangiocytes from Oxidative Stress-Induced Proapoptotic and Proinflammatory Stimuli via miR-132 and miR-34. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249667. [PMID: 33352965 PMCID: PMC7766218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of melatonin by cholangiocytes is essential for maintaining the function of biliary epithelium. However, this cytoprotective mechanism appears to be impaired in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). MiR-132 has emerged as a mediator of inflammation in chronic liver diseases. The effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and bile acid-induced apoptosis was also examined in cholangiocyes overexpressing miR506, as a PBC-like cellular model. In PBC patients the serum levels of melatonin were found increased in comparison to healthy controls. Whereas, in cholangiocytes within cirrhotic PBC livers the melatonin biosynthetic pathway was substantially suppressed even though the expressions of melatonin rate-limiting enzyme aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and CK-19 (marker of cholangiocytes) were enhanced. In cholangiocytes exposed to mitochondrial oxidative stress melatonin decreased the expression of proapoptotic stimuli (PTEN, Bax, miR-34), which was accompanied by the inhibition of a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response Nf-κB-p65 and the activation of antiapoptotic signaling (miR-132, Bcl2). Similarly, melatonin reduced bile acid-induced proapoptotic caspase 3 and Bim levels. In summary, the insufficient hepatic expression of melatonin in PBC patients may predispose cholangiocytes to oxidative stress-related damage. Melatonin, via epigenetic modulation, was able to suppress NF-κB signaling activation and protect against biliary cells apoptotic signaling.
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20
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Tan HY, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Pharmacological Effects of Melatonin as Neuroprotectant in Rodent Model: A Review on the Current Biological Evidence. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:25-51. [PMID: 31435851 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons, including neuronal death, is one of the main factors leading to poor quality of life. Promotion of functional recovery of neuron after injury is a great challenge in neuroregenerative studies. Melatonin, a hormone is secreted by pineal gland and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Besides that, melatonin has high cell permeability and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Apart from that, there are no reported side effects associated with long-term usage of melatonin at both physiological and pharmacological doses. Thus, in this review article, we summarize the pharmacological effects of melatonin as neuroprotectant in central nervous system injury, ischemic-reperfusion injury, optic nerve injury, peripheral nerve injury, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, scar formation, cell degeneration, and apoptosis in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Tan
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Cardinali DP. An Assessment of Melatonin's Therapeutic Value in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy of the Newborn. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 31920617 PMCID: PMC6914689 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most frequent causes of brain injury in the newborn. From a pathophysiological standpoint, a complex process takes place at the cellular and tissue level during the development of newborn brain damage in the absence of oxygen. Initially, the lesion is triggered by a deficit in the supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, causing a primary energy insufficiency. Subsequently, high energy phosphate levels recover transiently (the latent phase) that is followed by a secondary phase, in which many of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of neonatal brain damage ensue (i.e., excitotoxicity, massive influx of Ca2+, oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation). This leads to cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Eventually, a tertiary phase occurs, characterized by the persistence of brain damage for months and even years after the HI insult. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic strategy against HIE that has been incorporated into neonatal intensive care units with limited success. Thus, there is an urgent need for agents with the capacity to curtail acute and chronic damage in HIE. Melatonin, a molecule of unusual phylogenetic conservation present in all known aerobic organisms, has a potential role as a neuroprotective agent both acutely and chronically in HIE. Melatonin displays a remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and is capable to cross the blood-brain barrier readily. Moreover, in many animal models of brain degeneration, melatonin was effective to impair chronic mechanisms of neuronal death. In animal models, and in a limited number of clinical studies, melatonin increased the level of protection developed by hypothermia in newborn asphyxia. This review article summarizes briefly the available therapeutic strategies in HIE and assesses the role of melatonin as a potentially relevant therapeutic tool to cover the hypoxia-ischemia phase and the secondary and tertiary phases following a hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu L, Chen H, Jin J, Tang Z, Yin P, Zhong D, Li G. Melatonin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through SIRT3 activation. Life Sci 2019; 239:117036. [PMID: 31697951 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous literature has shown that melatonin plays a critical role in protecting against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sirtuin3(SIRT3), as one member of the sirtuin family, protects against oxidative stress-related diseases. However, the association between melatonin and SIRT3 in cerebral I/R injury is not well understood. Our experiment was planned to investigate whether melatonin protects against cerebral I/R injury through SIRT3 activation. MAIN METHODS We selected transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice as the model of cerebral I/R injury. Male C57/BL6 mice were pre-treated with or without a selective SIRT3 inhibitor and then subjected to tMCAO surgery. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) was given to mice by intraperitoneal injection after ischemia and before reperfusion. Then, we observed the changes in the SIRT3 and downstream relative proteins, infarction volume, neurological score, Nissl, H&E and TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis proteins after tMCAO. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin upregulated the expression of SIRT3 after tMCAO, and alleviated the neurological dysfunction and cell apoptosis through SIRT3 activation. SIGNIFICANCE Our research proved that melatonin promoted SIRT3 expression after tMCAO and alleviated cerebral I/R injury by activating the SIRT3 signaling pathway. This study provides novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ischemic stroke in the clinic, especially during cerebrovascular reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhanbin Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Pengqi Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
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Melatonin as a master regulator of cell death and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for newborn care. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:317. [PMID: 30962427 PMCID: PMC6453953 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, more commonly known as the sleep hormone, is mainly secreted by the pineal gland in dark conditions and regulates the circadian rhythm of the organism. Its intrinsic properties, including high cell permeability, the ability to easily cross both the blood–brain and placenta barriers, and its role as an endogenous reservoir of free radical scavengers (with indirect extra activities), confer it beneficial uses as an adjuvant in the biomedical field. Melatonin can exert its effects by acting through specific cellular receptors on the plasma membrane, similar to other hormones, or through receptor-independent mechanisms that involve complex molecular cross talk with other players. There is increasing evidence regarding the extraordinary beneficial effects of melatonin, also via exogenous administration. Here, we summarize molecular pathways in which melatonin is considered a master regulator, with attention to cell death and inflammation mechanisms from basic, translational and clinical points of view in the context of newborn care.
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Nathaniel TI. Cerebrovascular Disease in the Young Adult: Examining Melatonin's Possible Multiple Roles. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519827300. [PMID: 30783379 PMCID: PMC6366002 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519827300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade or more, there have been reports suggesting a rise in the incidence of stroke in young adults. Presently, it appears that the risk factors associated with the cause of stroke in young adults remain relatively constant across different geographic regions of the world. Moreover, the endogenous rhythm of a neurohormone such as melatonin is known to play certain roles in the modulation of some of the risk factors that are associated with an increased risk of stroke in young people. Whereas animal studies have shown that melatonin plays diverse roles in stroke, only a limited number of human studies examined the roles of exogenous melatonin administration in the prevention of stroke, attenuation of neuronal damage, and improving outcome or well-being in stroke patients. In this review, first we summarize existing studies of stroke in the young adult and then provide insights on melatonin and stroke. Thereafter, we discuss the role of melatonin in models of stroke and how melatonin can be regulated to prevent stroke in young adults. Finally, we highlight the possible roles of melatonin in the management and outcome of stroke, especially in the young adult stroke population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Thomas I Nathaniel
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, USA
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Simultaneous quantification of urinary 6‑sulfatoxymelatonin and 8‑hydroxy‑2′‑deoxyguanosine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lin YW, Chen TY, Hung CY, Tai SH, Huang SY, Chang CC, Hung HY, Lee EJ. Melatonin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:182-192. [PMID: 29620280 PMCID: PMC5979830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a vital role in mediating ischemic reperfusion damage in brain. In this study, we evaluated whether melatonin inhibits ER stress in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (5 mg/kg) or control at reperfusion onset after transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 90 min. Brain infarction and hemorrhage within infarcts were measured. The expression of ER stress proteins of phosphorylation of PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c were used to investigate cell apoptosis in OGD-induced cultured neurons. Our results demonstrated that animals treated with melatonin had significantly reduced infarction volumes and individual cortical lesion sizes as well as increased numbers of surviving neurons. Melatonin can significantly modulate protein levels by decreasing both p-PERK and p-eIF2α in the ischemic core and penumbra. Moreover, the expressions of ATF4 and CHOP were restrained in the ischemic core and penumbra, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment with melatonin at 10–100 µM effectively reduced the levels of p-PERK and p-eIF2α in cultured neurons after OGD injury. Melatonin treatment also effectively decreased neuron apoptosis resulting from OGD-induced neuron injury. These results indicate that melatonin effectively attenuated post-ischemic ER stress after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University and Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia Yang Hung
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih Huang Tai
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng Yang Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Li G, Zhang Y, Ni Y, Wang Y, Xu B, Guo X. Identification of a melatonin receptor type 1A gene (AccMTNR1A) in Apis cerana cerana and its possible involvement in the response to low temperature stress. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Choi SI, Lee E, Akuzum B, Jeong JB, Maeng YS, Kim TI, Kim EK. Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and corneal dystrophy-associated TGFBIp through activation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28580641 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is emerging as a factor for the pathogenesis of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2). This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of melatonin on ER stress in GCD2. Our results showed that GCD2 corneal fibroblasts were more susceptible to ER stress-induced death than were wild-type cells. Melatonin significantly inhibited GCD2 corneal cell death, caspase-3 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage caused by the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin. Under ER stress, melatonin significantly suppressed the induction of immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) and activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and their downstream target, alternative splicing of X-box binding protein 1(XBP1). Notably, the reduction in BiP and IRE1α by melatonin was suppressed by the ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor, MG132, but not by the autophagy inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, indicating involvement of the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. Melatonin treatment reduced the levels of transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp) significantly, and this reduction was suppressed by MG132. We also found reduced mRNA expression of the ERAD system components HRD1 and SEL1L, and a reduced level of SEL1L protein in GCD2 cells. Interestingly, melatonin treatments enhanced SEL1L levels and suppressed the inhibition of SEL1L N-glycosylation caused by tunicamycin. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which melatonin confers its protective actions during ER stress. The results also indicate that melatonin might have potential as a therapeutic agent for ER stress-related diseases including GCD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Il Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Begum Akuzum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Bin Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Khatami N, Yousefi B. Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule that modulates DNA damage response and repair pathways. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28439991 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Perturbations in the DNA repair pathways have been identified in several human cancers. Thus, compounds targeting DNA damage response (DDR) hold great promise in cancer therapy. A great deal of effort, in pursuit of new anticancer drugs, has been devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and functions of the cellular DNA repair machinery. Melatonin, a widely produced indoleamine in all organisms, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and has multiple regulatory roles on the different aspects of the DDR and DNA repair. Herein, we have mainly discussed how defective components in different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and finally DNA mismatch repair (MMR), can contribute to the risk of cancer. Melatonin biosynthesis, mode of action, and antioxidant effects are reviewed along with the means by which the indoleamine regulates DDR at the transduction, mediation, and functional levels. Finally, we summarize recent studies that illustrate how melatonin can be combined with DNA-damaging agents to improve their efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nasrin Khatami
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Bhatti P, Mirick DK, Randolph TW, Gong J, Buchanan DT, Zhang JJ, Davis S. Oxidative DNA damage during night shift work. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:680-683. [PMID: 28652381 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported that compared with night sleep, day sleep among shift workers was associated with reduced urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), potentially reflecting a reduced ability to repair 8-OH-dG lesions in DNA. We identified the absence of melatonin during day sleep as the likely causative factor. We now investigate whether night work is also associated with reduced urinary excretion of 8-OH-dG. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, 50 shift workers with the largest negative differences in night work versus night sleep circulating melatonin levels (measured as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine) were selected from among the 223 shift workers included in our previous study. 8-OH-dG concentrations were measured in stored urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Mixed effects models were used to compare night work versus night sleep 8-OH-dG levels. RESULTS Circulating melatonin levels during night work (mean=17.1 ng/mg creatinine/mg creatinine) were much lower than during night sleep (mean=51.7 ng/mg creatinine). In adjusted analyses, average urinary 8-OH-dG levels during the night work period were only 20% of those observed during the night sleep period (95% CI 10% to 30%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that night work, relative to night sleep, is associated with reduced repair of 8-OH-dG lesions in DNA and that the effect is likely driven by melatonin suppression occurring during night work relative to night sleep. If confirmed, future studies should evaluate melatonin supplementation as a means to restore oxidative DNA damage repair capacity among shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bhatti
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dana K Mirick
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering & BIC-ESAT, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Diana Taibi Buchanan
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott Davis
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Qin L, Yang SF, Xu K. Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E843. [PMID: 28420185 PMCID: PMC5412427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio A Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan, Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Ramos E, Patiño P, Reiter RJ, Gil-Martín E, Marco-Contelles J, Parada E, de Los Rios C, Romero A, Egea J. Ischemic brain injury: New insights on the protective role of melatonin. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:32-53. [PMID: 28065781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the most common causes of brain's vulnerability for many millions of people worldwide. The plethora of physiopathological events associated with brain ischemia are regulate through multiple signaling pathways leading to the activation of oxidative stress process, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, proinflammatory mediators, excitotoxicity and/or programmed neuronal cell death. Understanding this cascade of molecular events is mandatory in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for stroke. In this review article, we have highlighted the pleiotropic effects of melatonin to counteract the multiple processes of the ischemic cascade. Additionally, experimental evidence supports its actions to ameliorate ischemic long-term behavioural and neuronal deficits, preserving the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurogenesis and cell proliferation through receptor-dependent mechanism, as well as improving synaptic transmission. Consequently, the synthesis of melatonin derivatives designed as new multitarget-directed products has focused a great interest in this area. This latter has been reinforced by the low cost of melatonin and its reduced toxicity. Furthermore, its spectrum of usages seems to be wide and with the potential for improving human health. Nevertheless, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying melatonin´s actions need to be further exploration and accordingly, new clinical studies should be conducted in human patients with ischemic brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Patiño
- Paediatric Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Parada
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal de Los Rios
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
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Romero A, Ramos E, Patiño P, Oset-Gasque MJ, López-Muñoz F, Marco-Contelles J, Ayuso MI, Alcázar A. Melatonin and Nitrones As Potential Therapeutic Agents for Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:281. [PMID: 27932976 PMCID: PMC5120103 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease of aging affecting millions of people worldwide, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only treatment approved. However, r-tPA has a low therapeutic window and secondary effects which limit its beneficial outcome, urging thus the search for new more efficient therapies. Among them, neuroprotection based on melatonin or nitrones, as free radical traps, have arisen as drug candidates due to their strong antioxidant power. In this Perspective article, an update on the specific results of the melatonin and several new nitrones are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Patiño
- Paediatric Unit, La Paz University Hospital Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela UniversityMadrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research InstituteMadrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Ayuso
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Investigation, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Hendaus MA, Jomha FA, Alhammadi AH. Melatonin in the management of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: light at the end of the tunnel? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2473-2479. [PMID: 27729791 PMCID: PMC5045913 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects one to three per 1,000 live full-term births and can lead to severe and permanent neuropsychological sequelae, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation, and visual motor or visual perceptive dysfunction. Melatonin has begun to be contemplated as a good choice in order to diminish the neurological sequelae from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Melatonin emerges as a very interesting medication, because of its capacity to cross all physiological barriers extending to subcellular compartments and its safety and effectiveness. The purpose of this commentary is to detail the evidence on the use of melatonin as a neuroprotection agent. The pharmacologic aspects of the drug as well as its potential neuroprotective characteristics in human and animal studies are described in this study. Melatonin seems to be safe and beneficial in protecting neonatal brains from perinatal HIE. Larger randomized controlled trials in humans are required, to implement a long-awaited feasible treatment in order to avoid the dreaded sequelae of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hendaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima A Jomha
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Khiara, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed H Alhammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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Bhatti P, Mirick DK, Randolph TW, Gong J, Buchanan DT, Zhang J(J, Davis S. Oxidative DNA damage during sleep periods among nightshift workers. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:537-44. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Xu Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Wang H, Yang Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhao X, Xie K. Identify Melatonin as a Novel Therapeutic Reagent in the Treatment of 1-Bromopropane(1-BP) Intoxication. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2203. [PMID: 26817862 PMCID: PMC4998236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been used as an alternative for fluoride compounds and 1-BP intoxication may involve lung, liver, and central neural system (CNS). Our previous studies showed that 1-BP impaired memory ability by compromising antioxidant cellular defenses. Melatonin is a powerful endogenousantioxidant, and the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of melatonin in the treatment of 1-BP intoxication. Rats were intragastrically treated with 1-BP with or without melatonin, and then sacrificed on 27th day after 1-BP administration. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of the experimental animals, and NeuN staining was performed to assess neuron loss in hippocampus. We found that rats treated with 1-BP spent more time and swam longer distance before landing on the hidden platform with a comparable swimming speed, which was markedly mitigated by the pretreatment with melatonin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 1-BP-induced notable decrease in neuron population in hippocampus by promoting apoptosis, and melatonin pretreatment attenuated those changes in brain. The GSH/GSSG ratio was proportionately decreased and heme oxygenase 1 was increased in the rats exposed to 1-BP (Figure 6), and administration of melatonin restored them. Meanwhile, MDA, the level of lipid peroxidation product, was significantly increased upon exposed to 1-BP, which was significantly attenuated by melatonin pretreatment, indicating that administration of 1-BP could interfere with redox homeostasis of brain in rat, and such 1-BP-induced biomedical changes were reversed by treatment with melatonin.We conclude that treatment with melatonin attenuates 1-BP-induced CNS toxicity through its ROS scavenging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Xu
- From the Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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The Effect of Melatonin on Behavioral, Molecular, and Histopathological Changes in Cuprizone Model of Demyelination. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4675-84. [PMID: 26310973 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The protective effects of melatonin (MLT) on various neurodegenerative diseases, including MS, have been suggested. In the present study, we examined the effect of MLT on demyelination, apoptosis, inflammation, and behavioral dysfunctions in the cuprizone toxic model of demyelination. C57BL/6J mice were fed a chaw containing 0.2 % cuprizone for 5 weeks and received two doses of MLT (50 and 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for the last 7 days of cuprizone diet. Administration of MLT improved motor behavior deficits induced by cuprizone diet. MLT dose-dependently decreased the mean number of apoptotic cells via decreasing caspase-3 and Bax as well as increasing Bcl-2 levels. In addition, MLT significantly enhanced nuclear factor-κB activation and decreased heme oxygenase-1 level. However, MLT had no effect on interleukin-6 and myelin protein production. Our data revealed that MLT improved neurological deficits and enhanced cell survival but was not able to initiate myelin production in the cuprizone model of demyelination. These findings may be important for the design of potential MLT therapy in demyelinating disorders, such as MS.
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Tanabe M, Tamura H, Taketani T, Okada M, Lee L, Tamura I, Maekawa R, Asada H, Yamagata Y, Sugino N. Melatonin protects the integrity of granulosa cells by reducing oxidative stress in nuclei, mitochondria, and plasma membranes in mice. J Reprod Dev 2014; 61:35-41. [PMID: 25366368 PMCID: PMC4354229 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin protects luteinized granulosa cells (GCs) from oxidative stress in the follicle during ovulation. However, it is unclear in which cellular components (e.g., nuclei, mitochondria, or plasma membranes) melatonin works as an antioxidant. GCs from immature (3 wks) ICR mice were incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mM) in the presence or absence of melatonin (100 μg/ml) for 2 h. DNA damage was assessed by fluorescence-based immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an indicator of oxidative guanine base damage in DNA, and for histone H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX), a marker of double-strand breaks of DNA. Mitochondrial function was assessed by the fluorescence intensity of MitoTracker Red probes, which diffuse across the membrane and accumulate in mitochondria with active membrane potentials. Lipid peroxidation of plasma membranes was analyzed by measuring hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), a oxidative stress marker
for lipid peroxidation. Apoptosis of GCs was assessed by nuclear fragmentation using DAPI staining, and apoptotic activities were evaluated by caspase-3/7 activities. H2O2 treatment significantly increased the fluorescence intensities of 8-OHdG and γH2AX, reduced the intensity of MitoTracker Red in the mitochondria, increased HEL concentrations in GCs, and enhanced the number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3/7 activities. All these changes were significantly decreased by melatonin treatment. Melatonin reduced oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in GCs, suggesting that melatonin protects GCs by reducing oxidative stress of cellular components including nuclei, mitochondria, and plasma membranes. Melatonin helps to maintain the integrity of GCs as an antioxidant in the preovulatory follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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Yunoki T, Deguchi K, Omote Y, Liu N, Liu W, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Abe K. Anti-oxidative nutrient-rich diet protects against acute ischemic brain damage in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1587:33-9. [PMID: 25175837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of an anti-oxidative nutrient rich enteral diet (AO diet) that contained rich polyphenols (catechins and proanthocyanidins) and many other anti-oxidative ingredients. Wistar rats were treated with either vehicle, normal AO diet (containing 100kcal/100mL, catechin 38.75mg/100mL and proanthocyanidin 19mg/100mL, 1mL/day), or high AO diet (containing 10 times the polyphenols of the normal AO diet) for 14 days, and were subjected to 90min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The AO diet improved motor function, reduced cerebral infarction volume, and decreased both peroxidative markers such as 4-hydroxynonenal, advanced glycation end products, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and inflammatory markers such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our study has shown that an AO diet has neuroprotective effects through both anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, indicating that nutritional control with polyphenols could be useful for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshio Omote
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this case report is to review granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) and examine the new paradigm in its classification and treatment. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old white male patient reported yearly for monitoring of GCD. He had an ocular surgical history in the left eye for penetrating keratoplasty in 1989 and phototherapeutic keratectomy with mitomycin C for graft recurrence of stromal bread-crumb opacities 17+ years later in 2002. At his last examination, the patient's vision and comfort was stable in each eye, with minimal recurrence of granular opacities in the left surgical eye, stable granular opacities in the right eye, no recurrent corneal erosion symptoms in either eye, and best spectacle-corrected vision of 20/40 OD and 20/30 OS. CONCLUSIONS GCD is a Category 1, Stromal, TGFBI-associated corneal dystrophy. Although it is classified as a stromal dystrophy, research suggests the possibility that the granular opacities have an origination to the corneal epithelium with a migratory effect to the corneal stroma. Patients with Groenouw I, like the one in this report, usually do not have severely compromised vision. When vision is significantly affected or recurrent corneal erosion occurs, despite first- and second-line treatments, viable management options thereafter include photokeratectomy and other new surgical treatments such as femtosecond deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty. Future advancements in diagnostic technology, immunohistologic and genetic testing, medications, and surgery will allow for advancements in treating and managing patients with GCD.
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Maldonado JR. Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:1190-222. [PMID: 24206937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dysregulation of neuronal activity secondary to systemic disturbances. Over time, a number of theories have been proposed in an attempt to explain the processes leading to the development of delirium. Each proposed theory has focused on a specific mechanism or pathologic process (e.g., dopamine excess or acetylcholine deficiency theories), observational and experiential evidence (e.g., sleep deprivation, aging), or empirical data (e.g., specific pharmacologic agents' association with postoperative delirium, intraoperative hypoxia). This article represents a review of published literature and summarizes the top seven proposed theories and their interrelation. This review includes the "neuroinflammatory," "neuronal aging," "oxidative stress," "neurotransmitter deficiency," "neuroendocrine," "diurnal dysregulation," and "network disconnectivity" hypotheses. Most of these theories are complementary, rather than competing, with many areas of intersection and reciprocal influence. The literature suggests that many factors or mechanisms included in these theories lead to a final common outcome associated with an alteration in neurotransmitter synthesis, function, and/or availability that mediates the complex behavioral and cognitive changes observed in delirium. In general, the most commonly described neurotransmitter changes associated with delirium include deficiencies in acetylcholine and/or melatonin availability; excess in dopamine, norepinephrine, and/or glutamate release; and variable alterations (e.g., either a decreased or increased activity, depending on delirium presentation and cause) in serotonin, histamine, and/or γ-aminobutyric acid. In the end, it is unlikely that any one of these theories is fully capable of explaining the etiology or phenomenologic manifestations of delirium but rather that two or more of these, if not all, act together to lead to the biochemical derangement and, ultimately, to the complex cognitive and behavioral changes characteristic of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Maldonado
- Departments of Psychiatry, Internal Medicine & Surgery and the Psychosomatic Medicine Service, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Board of Directors, American Delirium Society, Stanford, CA.
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Erenberk U, Dundaroz R, Gok O, Uysal O, Agus S, Yuksel A, Yilmaz B, Kilic U. Melatonin attenuates phenytoin sodium-induced DNA damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:233-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.838777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kim CH, Yoo YM. Fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination activate anabolic proteins in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:453-61. [PMID: 23397978 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination stimulate the anabolic proteins through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. First, we researched why fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination influence cell survival. Fluid shear stress (1 hr) and melatonin (1 mM) in combination reduced autophagic marker LC3-II compared with fluid shear stress (1 hr) and/or melatonin (0.1 mM). Under the same conditions for fluid shear stress, markers of cell survival signaling pathway p-ERK, phosphorylation of serine-threonine protein kinase (p-Akt), phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and p85-S6K were investigated. p-Akt, p-mTOR (Ser 2481) expressions increased with the addition of 1 mM melatonin prior to 0.1 mM melatonin treatment. However, p-S6K expression did not change significantly. Next, mitochondria activity including Bcl-2, Bax, catalase, and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were studied. Expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and catalase proteins were low under fluid shear stress plus 1 mM melatonin compared with only fluid shear stress alone, whereas Mn-SOD expression was high compared with conditions of no fluid shear stress. Finally, the anabolic proteins of bone, osteoprotegerin, type I collagen (collagen I), and bone sialoprotein II (BSP II) were checked. These proteins increased with combined fluid shear stress (1, 4 hr) and melatonin (0.1, 1 mM). Together, these results suggest that fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination may increase the expression of anabolic proteins through the p-ERK in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Therefore, fluid shear stress in combination with melatonin may promote the anabolic response of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Choi SI, Kim KS, Oh JY, Jin JY, Lee GH, Kim EK. Melatonin induces autophagy via an mTOR-dependent pathway and enhances clearance of mutant-TGFBIp. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:361-72. [PMID: 23363291 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) is the deposit of mutant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced protein (TGFBIp) in the cornea. We have recently shown that there is a delay in autophagic degradation of mutant-TGFBIp via impaired autophagic flux in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts. We hypothesized that melatonin can specifically induce autophagy and consequently eliminate mutant-TGFBIp in GCD corneal fibroblasts. Our results show that melatonin activates autophagy in both wild-type (WT) and GCD2-homozygous (HO) corneal fibroblast cell lines via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway. Melatonin treatment also led to increased levels of beclin 1, which is involved in autophagosome formation and maturation. Furthermore, melatonin significantly reduced the amounts of mutant- and WT-TGFBIp. Treatment with melatonin counteracted the autophagy-inhibitory effects of bafilomycin A1, a potent inhibitor of autophagic flux, demonstrating that melatonin enhances activation of autophagy and increases degradation of TGFBIp. Cotreatment with melatonin and rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, had an additive effect on mutant-TGFBIp clearance compared to treatment with either drug alone. Treatment with the selective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole did not block melatonin-induced autophagy. Given its ability to activate autophagy, melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent for GCD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Il Choi
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Neuroprotective effect of melatonin: a novel therapy against perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9379-95. [PMID: 23629670 PMCID: PMC3676788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children is perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In spite of the advances in neonatology, its incidence is not diminishing, generating a pediatric population that will require an extended amount of chronic care throughout their lifetime. For this reason, new and more effective neuroprotective strategies are urgently required, in order to minimize as much as possible the neurological consequences of this encephalopathy. In this sense, interest has grown in the neuroprotective possibilities of melatonin, as this hormone may help to maintain cell survival through the modulation of a wide range of physiological functions. Although some of the mechanisms by which melatonin is neuroprotective after neonatal asphyxia remain a subject of investigation, this review tries to summarize some of the most recent advances related with its use as a therapeutic drug against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, supporting the high interest in this indoleamine as a future feasible strategy for cerebral asphyctic events.
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Kilic U, Kilic E, Tuzcu Z, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Yilmaz O, Sahin F, Sahin K. Melatonin suppresses cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:7. [PMID: 23311701 PMCID: PMC3561216 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin, one of the most effective and potent anticancer drugs, is used in the treatment of a wide variety of both pediatric and adult malignancies. However, the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin is limited by its serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cisplatin chemotherapy induces a reduction in the antioxidant status, leading to a failure of the antioxidant defense against free-radical damage generated by antitumor drugs. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the kidney was partially prevented by antioxidant treatments using superoxide dismutase, glutathione, selenium and flavonoids. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical scavenging activity and it has been shown that they protect against cisplatin toxicity. However, the mechanism of the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is still essentially unknown. We therefore designed this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced renal damage in a rat nephrotoxicity model in vivo. Methods Twenty eight 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control, melatonin treatment (4 mg/kg b.w i.p. for 10 days), cisplatin treatment (7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and melatonin and cisplatin combination treatment. Serum urea nitrogen (urea-N) and creatinine levels were measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, we analyzed the expression levels of HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κB and AP-1 in Western blot analysis. Results Both serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased significantly following cisplatin administration alone; these values decreased significantly with melatonin co-treatment of cisplatin-treated rats. Histological analysis showed that cisplatin caused damage in the proximal tubular cells in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; these changes were reversed by melatonin co-treatment. Upon Western blot analysis, melatonin treatment increased Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclear fraction, and increased the expression of HO-1 in the cytosolic fraction as compared to the cisplatin-treated rats. Expressions of NF-κB p65 and AP-1 were increased significantly in the kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin compared with the expression in the kidneys from the control, melatonin-only-treated and melatonin co-treated rats. Conclusion Our present data suggest that melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı Vatan Caddesi, Fatih, TR-34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Jung YJ, Suh EC, Lee KE. Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion Cause Modifications of Postsynaptic Morphology and Activity in the CA3 Area of Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:423-9. [PMID: 23269905 PMCID: PMC3526747 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.6.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia leads to overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, referred as excitotoxicity, which mediates neuronal cell death. However, less attention has been paid to changes in synaptic activity and morphology that could have an important impact on cell function and survival following ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the effects of reperfusion after oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) not only upon neuronal cell death, but also on ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics of postsynaptic density (PSD) protein, in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 area in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. After OGD/reperfusion, neurons were found to be damaged; the organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dendrites, and synaptic terminals were swollen; and the PSD became thicker and irregular. Ethanolic phosphotungstic acid staining showed that the density of PSD was significantly decreased, and the thickness and length of the PSD were significantly increased in the OGD/reperfusion group compared to the control. The levels of PSD proteins, including PSD-95, NMDA receptor 1, NMDA receptor 2B, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, were significantly decreased following OGD/reperfusion. These results suggest that OGD/reperfusion induces significant modifications to PSDs in the CA3 area of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, both morphologically and biochemically, and this may contribute to neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction after OGD/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Joo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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Lei ZN, Liu F, Zhang LM, Huang YL, Sun FY. Bcl-2 increases stroke-induced striatal neurogenesis in adult brains by inhibiting BMP-4 function via activation of β-catenin signaling. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:34-42. [PMID: 22521772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous experiments suggest that treatment with Bcl-2 increases proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors induced by ischemic injury and ameliorates neurological functional deficits after stroke. However, in addition to its traditional anti-apoptotic effect, little is known about the concrete molecular modulation mechanism. In this study, Bcl-2-expressing plasmids were injected into the lateral ventricle of rat brains immediately following a 30-min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery to determine the role of Bcl-2 in adult neurogenesis. Bcl-2 overexpression reduced ischemic infarct and astrogenesis, and enhanced ischemia-induced striatal neurogenesis. We further found that Bcl-2 increased β-catenin, a key mediator of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and reduced bone morphogenetic proteins-4 (BMP-4) expression in the ipsilateral striatum following ischemia. Treatment of stroke with β-catenin siRNA (i.c.v.) showed that β-catenin siRNA antagonized Bcl-2 neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury. More interestingly, β-catenin siRNA simultaneously abolished Bcl-2-mediated reduction of BMP-4 expression and enhancement of neurogenesis in the ipsilateral striatum. This effect is independent of Noggin, the known BMP antagonist. These findings highlight a new regulatory mechanism that Bcl-2 elevates ischemia-induced striatal neurogenesis by down-regulating expression of BMP-4 via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Nian Lei
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Biomedical Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Christophersen OA. Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:14787. [PMID: 23990836 PMCID: PMC3747764 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using other nutrients to optimize DNA and tissue repair processes, and using a combination of good diet, immunostimulatory hormones and perhaps other nontoxic immunostimulants (such as beta-glucans) for optimizing the recovery of antiviral and antibacterial immune functions. Similar multifactorial treatment strategies may presumably be helpful in several other disease situations (including severe infectious diseases and severe asthma) as well as for treatment of acute intoxications or acute injuries (both mechanical ones and severe burns) where severely enhanced oxidative and/or nitrative stress and/or too much secretion of vasodilatory neuropeptides from C-fibres are important parts of the pathogenetic mechanisms that may lead to the death of the patient. Some case histories (with discussion of some of those mechanisms that may have been responsible for the observed therapeutic outcome) are given for illustration of the likely validity of these concepts and their relevance both for treatment of severe infections and non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Choi SI, Dadakhujaev S, Ryu H, Im Kim T, Kim EK. Melatonin protects against oxidative stress in granular corneal dystrophy type 2 corneal fibroblasts by mechanisms that involve membrane melatonin receptors. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:94-103. [PMID: 21392093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering that oxidative stress plays a role in corneal fibroblast degeneration during granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) and melatonin is an effective antioxidant, we examined the ability of melatonin to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death of primary cultured normal and GCD2-homozygous corneal fibroblasts. Melatonin treatment protected primary cultured normal and GCD2 corneal fibroblasts from paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress and caused increased expression levels of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione reductase (GR) in both types of cells. Interestingly, catalase expression increased in normal corneal fibroblasts, but decreased in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts after melatonin treatment. Melatonin also reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and H(2)O(2) in both cell types. In addition, the selective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole blocked melatonin-induced expression of SOD1 and GR. The expression levels of melatonin receptors 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2) were significantly higher in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts than in normal cells. These results suggest that increased expression of melatonin receptors may be involved in the defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts, and melatonin may have potential therapeutic implications for GCD2 treatment.
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